BIOLOGY

INVESTIGATORY
ON MALARIA
PROJECT
REPORT
SUBMITTED BYNAME :
Adarsh Lalit
Abhinandan
CLASS :
XIIth B (Second
Shift)
ROLL NO:
01
REGD NO: P216/08117/0255
SCHOOL: Kendriya Vidyalaya,
Bailey Road, Patna14, Bihar, India.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this dissertation
titled

PROJECT

MALARIA
ADARSH
Roll

no.

REPORT

submitted
LALIT

01,

of

by

ON
MR.

ABHINANDAN,
Class

XIIth

department

of

(SECOND SHIFT)
to

BIOLOGY

KENDRIYA

VIDYALAYA

BAILEY

ROAD, PATNA was carried under

guidance and supervision during the
academic year 2015-16.

Teacher -in -charge

Head of the
institute

ACKNOWLEDGEME
NT
I place my sincere thanks to my
BIOLOGY teacher MRS. SUJATA
KUND for his guidance and advices
to complete my work successfully. I
also thank our principal MR. S.
VALLABHAN for providing me all the
facilities to finish the project on time.
I also take this opportunity to place
on record my deep gratitude to
LORD ALMIGHTY for the countless
blessings showered on me while
doing the work and to complete it.
Last but not least I thank my parents
for their encouragement and support
in my humble venture.

Adarsh
Lalit Abhinandan

PROJECT REPORT ON
MALARIA

Project Report on Malaria : Malaria is one of the major

diseases which is caused by Protozoan. Protozoan causes
many diseases in human beings. Malaria has been for
thousands of years a very serious disease of the tropical
and temperate regions. Prevalence of malaria continues to
be one of the major health problems of developing
countries. It was almost eliminated a few years back with
the efforts of WHO and our National Malaria Eradication
Programme (NMEP), but unfortunately it has appeared
again. Plasmodium is a genus of Protozoa belonging to
subphylum Sporozoa, class Telosporidea, includes
causative agent of malaria in man and lower animals.
Members of the genus plasmodium are collectively known
as Malaria parasite, because they cause a horrible
diseases called malaria.

History of Malaria
History of Malaria - Malaria means - Mala - bad area - air,

malaria term was given by "Macculoch" in 1872. Ronalol

Ross established mosquito-malaria relationship on Aug.
29, 1897. Since this day is celebrated as Mosquito Day.

Malaria - Position in World

Malaria Position in World - Malaria more common in
developing countries as compared to developed countries.
It is generally present in Kenya, Uganda, South-Africa,
India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Srilanka where the
temperature are high

Hypothesis
1. Parasite posses various forms and complete their life
cycle through alternative host and Reservoir.
2. Parasite acquire Resistant to pesticides like D.D.T.
Evidences
There are four species of plasmodium which causes
different kinds of human malaria.
a) P.Vivax - It causes benign tertian malaria, which attacks
every third day i.e. after 48 hours. The fever is mild and
seldom fatal.

b) P.Ovale - It also causes benign tertian malaria, which

recurs every 48 years.
c) P.Malaria - It causes quartia malaria which recurs every
fourth day i.e. after 72 hours.
d) P. Falciparum - It alone is capable of causing three
types of malaria, quotidian malaria, which attacks almost
daily, malignant tertian malaria but which occurs every 48
hours, but is very severe and often fatal ; and irregular
malaria.
e) It reserve in some animals in normal condition of
animal like, Monkey.
f) Resistant of Mosquito against D.D.T.

Life Cycle of Plasmodium Vivax

It is the causative organism of tertian or benign tertian
malaria, which is characterized by 48 hours cycle between
the first malarial fever and subsequent recurrence of chill
and fever. Life cycle of "Plasmodium Vivax" is being
digenetic, it is completed in two hosts. The asexual cycle
is passed in man by a process termed schizogony. The
sexual cycle is completed in the final hosts or vector, the
female Anopheles mosquito, involving gametogony and
sporogony. These process results in the formation of
infective stage the sporozoites.

Vaccine for Malaria

Pre manual pat arroyo produced a vaccine against malaria
in 1987 but it proved effective upto 60 to 70% cases.

Incubation Period of Malaria

The incubation period for malaria caused by Plasmodium
Vivax is about 10-14 days.

Malaria Symptoms
Malaria Symptoms - The attack of malaria is preceded by
Yawning tiredness, headache and muscular pain. During
the fever, the patient feels chilly and shivers and high
temperature. After a few hours the body freely and the
temperature becomes normal. The cycle is repeated if no
medicine is taken. This is also accompanied by
enlargement of spleen and liver.

Control of Malaria
We control the malaria from :
1. Drain off or fill up all ditches, ponds etc.
2. Cover the drains.
3. Clear the sluggish.
4. The adult mosquitoes can also be avoided by removing
unnecessary thing around the house.

BIBLIOGRAPH
Y

Website : www.icbse.com

Comprehensive practical
BIOLOGY -XII

NCERT BIOLOGY XII

Laboratory manual for

class XII