Green World Group

NEBOSH
MODEL EXAMINATION IGC 2: Workplace hazard, Risk and Control measures.
Total marks: 100
Answer all questions
SECTION: 1

Duration 2hrs

You are Advised to spend half an hour on this section, Which contains ONE question.

1. A worker is using a hand-held, powered rotary grinding tool during the manufacture of
large steel waste containers. This work creates high levels of noise and vibration.
(a) Identify FOUR health effect that could be suffered by the worker
from exposure to this noise and in each case, Outline the health effect.

(8)

1. Temporary reduction in hearing sensitivity as a result of short duration exposure

to excessively oud noise
2. Temporary ringing in the ears short duration exposure
3. Noise-induced Hearing loss (NIHL)- permanent loss of hearing loss du tot
repeated exposure to loud noise
4. Tinnitus- persistent ringing in the ears as a result of repeated noise exposure to
excessively loud noise.
(b) Identify Three health effects that could be suffered by the workers
from the exposure to this vibration and in each case, outline the health effect.

(6)

(c) Outline the practical control measures that could be taken in order to help to
reduce the levels of exposure to:
(i)

Noise

(3)

a. SOURCE - Reduce the noise at the source (equipment selection/engineering

control)-Eliminating the source, Substitute the source, Modify the process,
Maintenance, Damping, and Silencing.
b. Interrupt the pathway from the source to receiver (engineering control)
PATHWAY - Insulation, Isolation, Absorption
c. RECEIVER Acoustic Haven and Hearing Protection (Ear defenders and Ear
Plugs)
(ii)

Vibration

(3)

a. Reduce the vibration source (eliminate or Substitute the Source)

b. Interrupt pathway from source to receiver (isolation by separating vibrating parts
from the users hands and using anti-vibration mountings)
c. Limit the duration of exposure Change work schedules (job rotation & rest
periods)

SECTION: 2
You are Advised to spend One and a half hour on this section, Which contains TEN question.

2. Outline examples of faults and bad practices that could contribute to the
electrical accidents when using portable electrical equipment in the workplace.

(8)

1. Using unsuitable equipment (using non-intrinsically-safe equipment in a flammable

atmosphere)
2. Using equipment in wet, damp, or humid conditions.
3. Misuse e.g. sticking wires directly into a socket rather than using a plug
4. Physical abuse: Pulling the plug out by tugging at the flex, carrying the tool by the
flex, allowing the flex to be pinched, trapped or crushed, driving over the flex
5. Repairs carried out by unauthorized personnel or carried out badly (split flex taped
up with insulating tape)
6. Continued use of faulty, defective equipment
7. Chemical damage to flex (corrosive wet cement)
8. Lack of routine inspection, testing, and maintenance
3. A vehicle traffic route needs to be established on a construction site.
Outline control measure that should be considered for the suitable traffic route.

(8)

1. Avoidance of reversing by implementing one-way traffic system

2. Segregation of vehicles and pedestrians
3. Speed limit should be set for traffic routes and then clearly indicated by
signages, and enforced.
4. Good vehicle selection so that drivers have adequate visibility
5. Provision of audible reversing alarms and flashing beacons
6. Provision of convex mirrors at blind spots to see approaching pedestrians
7. Use of high visibility clothing
8. Ensuring that the area is well lit
9. Banksmen to ensure vehicle maneuvers in the vicinity of pedestrians are
carried out safely
10. IITS for drivers and pedestrians working in the area

4. Describe the following principle of heat transfer during the fire.

(a) CONDUCTION
(2)
Where the heat is transferred through a conducting material (metal), without the
conductor itself is burning.
(b) RADIATION
(2)
Heat energy from the fire, in the form of infrared radiation, is transmitted through the
air and may be absorbed by other fuel source causing them to heat up, possibly
enough to cause ignition
(c) CONVECTION
(2)
As the hot air and gases rise from the fire, cooler air is drawn in which, in turn, is
heated and rises. The continuous process of air being drawn in and heated, then
rising, cooling and descending, forms circulating currents which enables the fire to
spread
(d) DIRECT BURNING.
(2)
Combusting materials in direct contact with naked flame
5. Outline factors that could contribute towards the development of the work-related (8)
upper-limb disorders (WRULDs) among the workers at a super market checkout.
TASK

ENVIRONMENTAL

Repetition repetitive movement

Lighting natural and arti lights

Force- physical force

Other Envi Parameters tmp,

humidity, and ventilation

Posture - stooping

EQUIPMENT
Design shape and how it
affects in ease of use
Adjustability of equip to suit
end-user requirements

Twisting twisting action

Rest recover from fatigue

6. A storeman is placing boxes of the metal component by hand on to the shelved racking.
(a) Identify types of injury to which the storeman may be at risk while
carrying out this operation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

(4)

Back Injury
Tendon and Ligament Injuries
Hernia
Muscle injuries overloaded muscle tissues can tear
Work related upper limb disorders-chronic soft tissue injuries of arms, wrists, and
hands brought about but repetitive movements

(b) Outline factors in relation to the task that will affect the risk of injury.

(4)

1. The Task (repetitive, height the load being picked up, carried, or put down,
work-rate, distance involved, stooping, twisting, rest breaks, reaching above
shoulders, holding away from trunk.
2. The Load (size, weight, shape, bulk, type, delicacy)
3. The Environment (restrictions on space, floor surface, floor levels stairs and
steps, temperature and humidity)
4. Individual Capabilities strength, stamina, size and technique. Vulnerable
individuals (pregnant)

7. In relation to leptospira bacteria.

(a) Identify health risk associated with exposure to the leptospira bacteria.

(1)

Leptospirosis contaminated water comes in contact with cuts or ingested. Sign and
symptoms include (flu-like symptoms-headache, fever, body malaise, and jaundice
(b) Identify workplace circumstance where leptospira bacteria may be present.

(2)

Occupations at risk workers who works with potentially infected animals (dairy
farmers), or in wet areas where there may be rats (sewer worker, water sports
instructor)
(c) Outline precaution that will help reduce the risk from exposure to leptospira
bacteria.

(5)

1. Prevent exposure by housekeeping

2. Good personal hygiene
3. PPE
4. Covering cuts and grazes
5. Issuing workers with at risk card for early diagnosis
8. Employers are required to have arrangements in place to prevent access to dangerous
parts of machinery or to stop dangerous parts if a person enters a danger zone.
Describe the principle of operation of:
(a) Sensitive protective equipment (trip device)

(2)

Protective devices that do not put a physical barrier between the operator and the
dangerous part of machinery but a form of sensor is used to detect of the operator
and stops the machine minimizing severity of injury and usually an added control
measure (Trip bar fitted to a drilling Machine, Pressure Mats, Photoelectric devices))
(b) A two-handed control

(Click Press)

(2)

The machine will only operate when both hands are on the control at the same time
>CONTROLS- must be one hand span apart (prevent one-handed operation)
-activated simultaneously (prevent jamming one button down)
-releasing the control must stop the machine
(c) An interlocked guard

(2)

Protective device to be removed as a normal part of routine machine operation.

Power to the machine is disabled and the machine will not operate until the guard is
in place. (Microwave Hinge Door in the front once open the power shuts off)
(d) A protective appliance

(2)

Piece of equipment that allows operators to keep their hands away from dangerous
parts (clamps, jigs, push sticks)

9. (a) Identify types of emergency warning system that can be installed in a

(2)
building to help ensure that all workers can be made aware of the need to evacuate
the building.
1. Simplest system Shout FIRE
2. Simple with more noise hand bell, whistle, horn
3. Manually operated fire alarm manual call point, central control box& sounders/light
4. Interlinked smoke alarms individual ceiling mounted SD and Fire alarms, linked
together so that one will sound it will activate the rest.
5. Automatic Fire Alarm automatic detectors and manual call points linked into central
control box linked in turn to sounders/lights. (High-risk workplace and multi storey
buildings (care homes). Could be both manual and automatic
(b). Outline structural measures that can help to prevent the spread of fire and
smoke.

(6)

1. Compartmentation creating enclosed/sealed boxes

2. Fire Door High fire rating (30mins), fitted with self-closing device, intumescent
strip, cold smoke seal, fire resistant vision panel , and clearly labelled
3. Fire resistant floors (concrete and bricks)
4. Fire resistant Walls (Fire retardant Wall Insulation/Intumescent Paint)
5. Automatic shutter for ventilation defeats convection
6. Fire-retardant Foam Protection of openings and voids
10. The influence of the drugs on worker in the workplace can have a significant effect on
health and safety.
(a) Identify possible reasons why a worker may be in possession of drugs in the
(2) workplace.
Social circumstances are important in drug misuse. Peer pressure, emotional
distress and low self-esteem can all lead individuals to misuse drugs.

(b) Outline control measures than an employer could take in order to help reduce
(6) the misuse of drugs in the workplace.
1. Rules restricting alcohol in workplace during working hours
2. Arrangement of random drugs and alcohol testing must be justified and clearly
explained to the workers.
3. Arrangement for access to rehab and treatment programs if they admit to having
problem
4. Disciplinary measures for those who refuse assistance, tested or who fail a test.
5. Provision of IITS to workers, supervisors, and managers.
6. Drugs and alcohol awareness campaign
7. Statutory and Non-Statutory requirements prohibiting workers from being under
the influence of drug or alcohol.

11. A powdered raw material is to be mixed with water to make a paste that will then be
applied to internal walls of a building as a decorative coating.
Explain factors that should be considered when carrying out an assessment of the
health risks to workers exposed to these substances.
1. Hazardous Nature toxic, corrosive, carcinogenic, etc
2. Potential Ill-health effects cause minor to very serious disease. Long term or short
term.
3. Physical forms S,L,G V, F, M, D
4. Routes of entry
5. Quantity- stored and in use
6. Concentration stored or in use or diluted, and concentration in the air if airborne
7. Number of People potentially exposed / vulnerable group
8. Frequency once daily weekly, continuously
9. Duration - very brief, or several hours, last all day
10. Existing Control Measures- ventilation system or PPE