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  • Heat Conduction

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    Nehal Imtiaz
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    heat transfer

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    heat transfer

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    12 visualizzazioni51 pagine

    Heat Conduction

    Caricato da

    Nehal Imtiaz
    heat transfer

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Scarica in formato PDF o leggi online su Scribd
    Segnala contenuti inappropriati
    di 51
    +e HEAT: eer The ability of ov body to do work § cabled smugy. Heak is the foun a enugy and § opens mad ao “ Energy im thamit} je. enuay ona way to the destin ~ ation . Thus whereun enugy transper far one la bo the other i § thanspured ov the form op freak (Co werk). Abu ome place to cam onky he tansteued Eee Se ee et 0) eat i) Wok. mpc digurnar 13 arse os fom a Kesucl rgremer 5G mt o heat on Whiw oo sai ceuk enuickss the thamsfertorce acculas durto work. Tuts lath arr tranwt pheno : amaumon (forms) aaad Com meuer bt sored. HEAT TRANSFER: Heat tramafer 6 that which Aerks to pedict the the which take Paw b/w tte bate asa, toast tt fa digeond P 45 dijpomt from there — dyramnico(tahich deals wth m equa. and deler.- : omune energy Chau wuithout the coreett th how -fad the cl tale Hay in hak ct not wv how Aeab ener be en 1th eae flak te tate ap wan toe ‘exchange fake Hace. Thus ls dijpjant fier theunuadgnamets oo Rake & gale fun 8 oe fates af tohich heals exchaped.” i Process heat tamsja ceal uth the roku a heat ox Qo acorn tn the heat hi ap.the engimering amd chemical ” Heat Cee. Be tomsfea ) roy be gil sity tg nc yer wed % Srey opomatytamy encngy come Kamiguued write or out tre AL the tromspa dur to the ri tomparatie 8 due te the fellowuing thse emadits oy due bo any He Combination 0 the thrre i) to heat Gamaser ui) Cormerbion heat fe. tii) Radiation heat ban i) CONDUCTION HEAT “TRANSFER: Heat. conduction vo appar to the emechaniam 6 internal engy exchange one to Onather » or flor ant part do lay to chee by in xchange o, kimekee emagy 5 mation, 5 the amilecules . Th exchange @ Linetic smugy 8 happened matin loauys or the mode 4 corvductsin . a) disectcommunnication 4 the embleeutes . by by daigt o% free ebeetions a hak conductiim rr the case Of poss omebals. Ths flow oy heat prunes from the high. anngy ombecules (oP high: Grmpuabits) to the leur h Tah Finawy . “2 FOURIER SLAW. OF HEAT CONDUCTION: Who. tembuature nadient hits Un a y thane i Om....energy tamsfer ome, Che, tompbrature 6 to the low tompuabute d0 nae peal — AY the abeur fact an .. Ataamns. that, Te Aate 1 Heat threugh a homoaentsur: soled 0s dadiy popostioal to the y ORea...0, the Aackeion. ak Aight fo ‘the diiectron oy heat flows and te the chan temperate Uh respect to the length oe “tn tthe stfu” 7 ope - Qe-ka i — tO Whur, Qs rate oy heat. flew _— Ae OR20. 0. Lak AALA dx=..thickness Clongth 6 the path cy heat (tao) dT =. pce Gieameal te From (i) , thin, tue cide Q by A, Wut ye Q ay 8% he day “O . : = hate oy Reat trans unit area “heal flux”, Bind. — ie pe “AT temperature gradient , thenwe con define Pouca Ax ats as fee d 3 # Heat flan & propoctimal te the mevnal tempaoture froteent 4, Hon _ f & ie _ OY : ( {7 _ = —Y =k" I —. a BY ap La kA 4 4 k= Ean, roptinadiy od on called ao theumall conduckiicty. vo wee wea C—) Atgr Os used. te make heat vate pesebiee, je. tm thes Case heat O Pranietlaieg fom (ow tam prrature be high temperature and Wye Gartgatine, so .Aatialy the Aceon. law TL of Catia, clyrormees, mnsga lisse Aan G used. Fourtals law. & also Aated as.” The tomtly o Ava commimucated by the pomt (ay) “n'to =k peort (aq) lan dpauslo om the durakion 6 tht cider, onthe ucys smatl. dutamce Aeetucon there tivo ponte yi om the actual tune a dach. pomb, amd ot the malire 0 the npc botamce.- Pe Matheonatroallyy , Tompuature cifferenrce ame : one! fate be the’ ether _| Phun t 4y-< kp Zt At Gndactiud Bt time | i) ae Aad. . ana moumaf fe the Attectior oy flow : hoaf flo nv.brie At \ Bo) eee a ~ Std. batches - coe — Aceraley this (ae war oniterduced - by. Boot mm 1904, Aut os usually atbuebuled be fourcer Lecause 6 his oulrtoncasg ombicbutions. Tho (aw 5 the Aull oy thi didiy 2 eaipeiamamkal Gbirrtateons, hence d C8 am em puskal one: Fourcer ewe’ mame Tec Bafirde Joseph Four (1769 = 1830) ves Hi for oO & poo tortor. He [elitr dutel dohun. he toaa only taht years o(d - ay. Q-—ka ‘at dx THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY: Thamal corcluctiutiy & dope as the quantitatice measure Arak corcucir whi the onaterial. ai, demsted by A" ok! d HS defined as, _ © heat (lew por unit awa unk tiie, who. the eon pevcine deciecues by one eqree om unit diédance?” : Mathamalicalty : \ Q - Difeential foirn oy this (a0 b =. , and has a Oy. dimensions as, i) SI: ke SIs = Js _ bocce am xy mK om K ii)Armericon. Engg. tt i" fP-C%) ke cal/s 7 )-C Yen ) it) _ Sou Graal thumal omducti ay 5 Atumgly bior-prrctare dtpeudeut 5) oTEADY OTATE HEAT CONDUCTION IN_ONE DIMENSION *S Aatemeans no dsl ce of time, amd & dafined as the condition thick, prusaile om a Raat conducting brdy lohan tem| at forad. parm do mot. chamge cunth time. “ pare a The tum One dimontimal” abplied to a heat. conducte Bom Wun one Apa do. eiat, dpa. ty Csbabe the dancin § - ature willy m the body. Stich a situation arely eaiise m real problims, hut a numba, practical gin Lan bors omay Lee ay Sea tell by mobing the sump one dit comal. Corduckion. . Ont dimensional proceres oceune we flat (me ting ), Auch as fiumac wall, m ince Gers, et a pipe. bi aphaical slim suchas nuclear Acackor toss, A uy then dod, oy wuke, matntaimed at dy timpuoturs om tb amdo onay Le corsideud to Omduck heat viv one dimorscon, i ES Aufpiremtiy thin 4o thab tb Lomberatuse omay be. taker ap brufeo our any CHOM - Aeckign » HEAT CONDUCTION THROUGH fA PLANE WALL (WITH SPECIF- (ED BOUNDARY TEMPERATURES): Comider av woth wlth itsore face at temporature T and otha at lous frmbactury Th ao phoun, thenaccordiuig to T g Fourcer's Law Qe -ka St dx @._at A” dx GQ dx 2 kat A Imtenating bfir the midicated lems, ue haut paking : 2 p 9 fae = afar | 1 1 6, 8 ina -e [tf (%—21) = —k (GT) - ~ @ (4x) = k(n -B) ee woe PLANE WALL ' £ (4x) = k (aT) vee Ci) Q- KATIA - 2 Ax (ee tw Naw ao. KA ¢ Conductance, tb accpucal u Austtarce , three! deridamae (7) to heck tamsper, thus Pryscaey ue cam. Wardle. Heat fms = Duiiuing force ( Petential.) * Tewmal msctance From (1)... we Cam, wuts. GQ aT a~ @ NK sau end = R = Unit theumal auntamcr, we a. . 4 ee W@W A R Thy equation ducued on the basta 6 & plane voath of finite thiclones uk enfenite om enbimt ox all other dedctions 40 thak the cmrduction be bakin as one-dimensional » uth wath fats emeiinkeuned al uy rm Geom rule, cand uth a Carla i. wore: Vax § called! Aik enduttone oY “Tiomspin Cone|ftiant ® % UNITS OF THERMAL RESISTANCE ARE (hy_°F/Blx), AND OF UNT ean RESISTANCE (°F ~ ft -hy ([#bt). 7 HEAT CONDUCTION THROUGH A PLANE WALL WITH VARIABLE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY: Fer the same Actualion as desccibed on lat page acendurg te Fourrin's law , ue cam (waite AT : ek AS. Q a 1) we kmow “h) thumal conductiuily bs a nction of tem and can fe exprensid asa limear fosction b ' aclatvon as ke ko Cit eT) ee (i) What “k"S the thiumal concclucclcucty ab the Com peractune “T" and "ke and.“ "are convdtarily. pubtug CH) me (Dy we haus Q= ke CteeT)a ot Ax a die -k, (+a) dt rep bebusm the bem an indicated’, we hane @ fax elk, [wena 8 fa = [fare « frat] Q 2 tn enon a »/ Am eel yd Q (m-%) = by [Ch-7) + £001) ¢ (a-1) = ko [(i-%) +% (T-1)] 7 (4-4) = be [ci-h) + ECE YT +E) NOTE: "06 comaho be wnitton os K. Ko ~value oy kat t=0. cc= Cth proputy oF), 2 G4) CB Ihe +«(HE)) di Case. z: A (Wh *k’ 6a. limeon frmekion 6, T” 5 Jatmas PO ko Cit a ith) ar ka , tii) Q noe = (W-T) ka oO a (ax) = ka(AT) x Qo ag At ~-- (WV) A : AK whe Kab the authrmekie, mean k, oud hk, QE T oud Ty le... thematl emdunrctivity at the antthonebir oman 0, Tamed Thy fre ourrage theemaf condiachitact yy tk & ale denoted ao k. CASED: (how "Ks erat a. Linea. farckion 85° T's Bone crnecane valle 00" kon ve agped, tohne kon = " dT. BT F THERMAL RESISTANCES IN SERIES: OR HEAT CONDUCTION THROUGH COMPOSITE WALLS (MULTILAYER WALL) WITH SPECIFIED BOUNDARY TEMPERATURES: : Corsid. ow flak wall with a Aaues lel these lays ane A, B omd C a> ahaun. (PTS the tomy 5 he me far aud Th o the otha face: Te tomprotur at umckions ©) A,B amd Bc ox Taud 3 U af ohoumn.- Now . Thuicknon oy. layer A=. AX, - Thurnad...conductituky 4 B= ke —Thanalconduckiaty Ce ke won Tear pratare..Lifpornte” aoreys AzATq = T,--h a Tew ature Lifpronce aus B= ATg= h-b ax R unit thoumal acsiomer, then : T-74 28 [ Rp ot Re “+ Re} ~ thing. -Th=T4 = DTauualt » one Rat Rot Ro =. -Ranratt Ude hace OT att *” cs (Ra + Rae Re] ATourcatl = S Rouratt oy Qe ATrowtiatt a (vit) A Rona Thi) euaban “shows that m hat flow thieugh a [ ALLE] lo eu theoutall thuonal cuictince (Rausatt) Gals the sua 6, the tmoliaratual acsimees- Physically wie cary trike rng Aig, dn, 1 HEAT CONDUCTION. THROUGH CoMROSITE WALL. , 4" NOTE:(Vii}) ISA GENERALIZATION NOT FOR THREE LAYERS GUT FOR INFINITE LAYERS. im . Rate 0 flew &% heat through, peusad auntamces ton. beates 5 omalogous to the cument few through. seusral deckric Keytomees mm Stauis - mt at, ah, Alb Ak R Ra Re Re : Such @ walk (com porate wall) Csnsvatiz ay seal omakeatals paced gh. im dates ans used or the Censburctimn of, “canals ov bole firchen che. In mack caus scueral types of acpraclery buck are usally empleyed, Meccamne ondlaial insce thal facug fumae tompuature ¢ usally oY te ty thick ca atytthcland hegher tiucpuntinte and 5 wruatty espera cate lays deta bean’ the sorme Cmbrrature Leb less, Crus less ox ue matucals ray be! sed: Cubside materials Ae oar to vent. hese acura WAGE. WIT HRRIRBEE Ussoley fr & fuman eke. ‘thu en vas ane a utbatzon which ome G used -fer maul. ation, other fix. ctuumgth cud theid for outlook. THERMAL CONTACT. RESISTANCE: ‘The diccussion of the Conporct Wall ne the pretous topee prosumued perfect Cortact beteucrn adgout layers so that tt could be assumed. that the tompacture of Gre Layers cuore fhe dome at Ee Plane vy conlact- In deal systems , the contact Ausfaces touch oly at clicccele locations , luc bo surface ceughruss , mbushared| ( mattered, placed hue aud tae) uct yee] 5 “These Verel Apa ane woucatliy filled ity ain. Fe Gguae phous es - &.o80t sttnatton.of the. prtior.o the jumckcon o ture Surforces te am. mag crciled ( lage tv Karscnr) Male» Thies the § mote sing Hon % corto, aud heel ameq fw 12 ; Panos. the inopouce by posallel paths: that theowaly the TEM PERATURE PROFILE ‘ u DISTANCE corlacl Apolo by amductin ancl that acres the voids by Comnckin anrnrcl, parhaps radcatim. Thusan. o tomb rate die de rd b oceure betuceen Che tro ematacals at the wikejacr- 5 Trad 7 arpusimbs the to] at the theoukcal onlerface oHaumed “+ eabrapolatiow of Che four perature padieubs we Che maleral om ecth Acde, thom a unt thummal conlact cesitonne may be epened oO R. A-Te . Q/A TAS Acwdawn § thon aclded ur the other thermal dnriotavnces aud hice ourall thumal Asclowce § rrerearod « eee RADIAL SYSTEMS: HEAT CONDUCTION. THROUGH A CYLINDER ( THROUGH A PIPE WALL): Comidin ow hellow cylinder, reprinted ao im figure ™ leh “the ticle hacks = Y; oulkde paduis = Yo tho Ehe. cptmelin el Trvmal emductiuuky 0 the amatoriol 6 andineian = k Cucbscde Aurtace Bmbickent = To Snsccle Aurfece fim paaturts Te fo the abaa cylinder we wih te crletate trate of heat flow pom orcde to the oulwole H the Aecorcluag te Fourtet’s Law + .@ oka st o Cre) lohin. 2=7, How ole 4 Qe -k A ar cone Q) Now for 0 Gyuinda. a daduin A Area nA 2%rL petting te Ci), We howe - aT Qe - k¢werL) A or Q dys kh ORL )-4T dy : Q 70 — kant) aT . alu Yo tha Commis ndlicated ni. figure je br, Loud Tbe Tay. cue hae, De /t Q eS eae fdr Ye Te Ye To Q [mr = —(axlyk [| , ne Q (myx— my) =-20kl (T%-T) Q (nye lnri) = 2ekL(Ti-% Qe PRRL(HA-T) _ _aekl a (ine — ine) ln flower tt 5 Coremiante te wuke heat flow pis uonik: length, fe oftuackax tokow Ge Limgt ackceur one — dimimumal Conduchim, Huu QEK (TT) . Yy « ee. wel) - The thumal desckamce of a hollow cylindrical alerment § Re bn re 2EKL The (i) Com be wditln Vi tevns 4 dior, wm mB &, ye 2 Dy % _ &RK (Tw - To) t im Pe/py HEAT CONDUCTION THROUGH COMPOSITE CYLINDER /-@- MULTILAYER. CYLINDRICAL SYSTEM: onside a mmultilay yer Coomp- astt) ylmdnie a cylendx, % K dipiont Concentric, ads let thac cylundess are A,B and C aa shun - Is ut TG “the tame bimpaabuas and. Tb the fral ov oulsede oe waded pled Ths bempuabne ot ie fae A,B Bc 5 Te and Ts acspechuuely as Now : Sretr dadtur a the yute, fonts which & alto the mown daduis | Ge Ae h Sronse adi 5 the cylindus Baud C art Acspectiuely haud %. “ty ithe outside radians a the vite . We knew te comporite qlamdae O__k a A dx dt Qe-kA or fro cylinder Qe keane) AE aa dr a = — 27rk at L dr Qidr _ _axk dt ..---W Lr For Lauper A: ToudT , ue howe ej the limib ¥, andy» 4% Th e{# . ~ aky far Lo r Y 1, T nt Bley}, = xaRh 17h / ln , aR ky g " aos |e xix 2. ii Stmilauty (1) cam be vidkeguated blo the % oad be i at ro & tn % = 2Kkg (T—T3) Q a Q | % fi -Tae SB i ° Lo arks 4% ay Foy layer (ce Similoaly G) Cam be integsaated bh the limits 1% bry amd Te to Th, ute howe 2 ln %, - 2ake (T~ 7) | - MTT Bg le mo Addsig (i, (tit) amd CY, we act TER AB Sol " wo . L 2Kk, Qt ye, Qt ay L axkg % Lo aKke % 7 inf, hs + in Bh, Q T— 74 = —— ] a | ka kp ke Q _ _ak(F—%) . L In */y, - in 8/%. 4 ln v5 ky ke ke to MWA a VA nnn ban /r) bn Cy, ) . RRkaL arkel RRR L HEAT CONDUCTION THROUGH A SPHERE : Consccla. a o% radu "y” > chem: let Tb the necde Camperalure aud T$ the fem pera Tire Re cucter surface. Aeceuduig be Fourer!’s low Win bor Che. dens. Aoduts Y% tae hour : . ay © & evk dro QA. kay. lug bro , fer a Athen Ds cadits’ ¥% Mas Ae 4x7" Ao, — : Qa kay’) “4 Q.% 2 _ 4kk dt = Snteqatig bla the Wit yaud %, we haur ” 19 Q [-¢+£]- -4xk(t-T] ~ Q(t x] = 4nk(TF—-h] Q = ank TB) © ~ Poet Foe) Q. 4xk GHB) HN mo. Q- amr k GSD (4) nh Disicduigy both nies splay by A, We ef wwe howe Q isk) ol 2 7 AR YS hE er Oe Noo Az 4m thus i. BRI k GE) d Cy) aR a ae =F npottoml application. o heat Comnfr bo a sphere fiom (fiom a Af saiboad & tat elds though. actakionauy || ud sansundiung a Mphuccal particle w 7 % aa am cope be flucdized beds , ata dapert ale. HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH COMPOSITE @¥ SPHERES: hy Comfoict Aphuses 4K (TT Q- : (—-T) Bon e-n ot) Tarn” kh % ke% CRITICAL THICKNESS OF INSULATION: Wher a ‘pe & & mulate, oun, ebjéct be acdmcr the heat lors th A the wall, OS Atom that the thick the nviulatlor the lem the total heat los. The G always tue for [et maralation. Homose for curued surfeeet, 2 minlabim tl added to the py , fhe cuter & d surface bam} devcore fe heak toss deere Ain ab the same brine surface aea oxrotlabe for ub to aumoue heat § moreased, and 4 the Qtea Imereases onsre reply Ram: the aruonce the total Real ton may o alto trcrcare. Thus Huse tino & ou are b be ve (adits | at mandmurerbeat (om coud § dL cuchbat -rnduis imnctation” and the thickens here & & called “‘otbvcal —thuckoens Rinsadation « ; Shue vweneare he Fuckers ond the cubital me the heal lon mnitead % maulatcor wi meavare aud wee Wea- deacascn MATHEMATICAL EXPLANATION: Cnider a te ovsalabior tahsoh wm ictalled axcumd a ciiculan Y% Foy auger ppe : UN- STEADY _ STATE CONDUCTION OF HEAT: Heat transfer by conduction tw ov omediom om which the Com URL Chamgeng Uitte thine § called um- Ateady - stale “heal conduction. . Now We arr ge"4 to am eatin Which har boadut aplicatin ond fen tabuch other Bralions mau be deduced ! 23 _. GENERAL CONDUCTION..EQUATION:. -.. __-...- OR ..PROVE THAT . ae _ oT OT OT ST i ln = —= a 26) ea VT..-- a wt (se Toy x) ALSO PROVE THAT _ at _ got . at cree _ OR PROVE FOURIER’S SECOND LAWOF HEAT CONDUCTION: _..- conider an elomental ewbe as son... - . - ie te ae we dx, wand dy 4 S j y meen A vo aot ata inalabed, /] "Savt be ‘ yd sees lefiand Kah Ye foces _ le, % _% a Qu= Aabe of hea fl tv the x--dinedhion, though, tee y pln —— - Rar da = rate of hea [low vv the t-didedtiory laauing the Might — UY plane _ Now occotdung to the FouwLe’ s Lavo es OT Q2 ka a am Lenten = Qua —k(dydgy En there, Io called: thomat. conductivity of the maberiab am “ALG the. One, which is "dy dp” ore. worry a oc ~ we “FE the emmbaatune gradient the X= daveckion,. — Queda = ~k (dy dy) 2 ~---- ; Medn ~~ tae f+ 2 jz) ae eee Ci) Mie pda 2% ree . potting (ii) oA Ct)» Ure gee : Queda keys (2+ & (B4x] "how Aeak flaws only through 6g” faces, Fe- cubes rsutaled wuceft as faces. Qy = -k dx dz ay tue kovewd, and Qyedy > —kdxdg (3 + ig Cag 4q ] thew Arak flour threughy xy fac, fe: cube $ prautaled oe wy aces e d $ ; Q, =~ honey a5, Og edg = Keddy (FE Pp al 543) Now and Rate sy heater — Rnte ry reat oul = Rate t chase fe ; : heat corbonb of the loment. Rake. Change 4 heak Cortonl % the element mcd = C dludy 3 cp or (ao @V=m ot dV= drolydy ) Now Qy , Qy and Q3 an detcribed cre the ratesa Aecl or while Gedy, Qysely and Qyaedy art the Anke & beak Ceauing , AO puted value ve CIT) we hau (how mo ade } apormtated: Ti a [cba BY) + (Hk dxd3 3H yr (kde dy 53 )} = (Leis (2 BEDE fe Rew ot fkdn dy FB» 2 (pai)) = Cdrdy dy % a ~kdylg 27 —k tii ~kdydy 2 + kdyth HE 4 kegels 2, (BEd a kad 20 + kdrds ay (37 4y kts 20 4 day 3 hes : Cdndy dp.cp 7 - kdy dz ae dx + kdudy Sp dt beedy as = edudy ds cp 20 Kdady ag (2 + vt + se = Cdxely dg cp a Oe 1 er YT oT Ccp Ae Kk (OT eT OT toe (Se aq Br mw Kk (OT per oT at tp Sa aye BB The equation is called Fourier's Qol low ( Fourcer Forte Eyration) 64 heal amductin. Re poesentucg L i =k, wehaur cp : oT ut or Ca > Had (e+ age oy = &VT whre a & called thumal depp and han the nub % Gufs, 17°75, Bb ete. The larger the Valurr y the “a” the fotex uni beak diffuse through, the matniel. A high. uralue 4 H "Coutd Axtell wither hom a Acgh value He thumal codiuclcuccy, which word mdillate a beefed onsagy amar dale, 6 frema, loo veut 4 the thetmal heal copaoy CCp. A low valuc.oy heal’ ca acity would anoan thet Lis 6, the anergy onowimg Ui eh omateal would be obsorbed thus anoce wilt” hon OTL gle ot Oe Noon Coridr the cube A hofere, also arsuming ath feces trseloked eet the tbo wghlys fee PR gegen Shown before. w& a Que hater heak flow wi Ke x-deieckim thrash uo ty amd " Oe hake op heat flo inj thex-ducedtin blerotgh leomiong he Aight 3 flewe | Accadung to Foe or au FoR, OW. Q,« — k(dy dy ar Abo 9 f tut ka ead « ~k (dy) a led yeLo QT oT | 2 aT “ A frsde e Peon 5 dx eae cin > 4 Teeter Shee pettaney (lar Ci), wee kane ar oT Quady « —k dyds [Sat 2 (53 )* Noo Heafrate we — (eal abe aut = dale % accumulation | al — kdyd3) at + kdydg (i a (Fe ] : Cady di —lilydaS 2+ heya 2 yl PT cw eg | | | kdudy at dy = Odadyds op? , or oy k a ep ee MK wy VT YT = — = Oo | Jou = Mey oe ut shin B the Eourcerla deed Lawonly vn the r-duieckton. -! _. 28 HEAT CONDUCTION WITH INTERNAL HEAT SOURCE: Spam eeceic comm Lous a wie then the heat maraked ibermally f aul aul or & Cran perabie ditvibutvnr b/w the combat ant, and the sur cer oy the Wise . Tre pelle also anises tw Chimcoal or ourckear, Acackors thane haat & generated trbuuna 3 “a Consider the cylimderical alone 6 aaduis "Y" , having B longth “L”. Now (et Qg= rate o heat: generation for unt vélurns, then now “thaoue ‘ Rate 4 Real cpa. = & x ark nah cl) . (0s Arle 10.3 pbindir l Rate og feat thandruation oucteocrclly =—k 2Karl a = ci) rr a (0 Phyl = AU Qua) Bpuakug C1) aud (Hi), we hour 7 —karvl. 47 2 Q, xanv'l ar oe _ uke 2. oe Qr ; ov. YL dr aT 2 86 (red¥) ...-- cil) . 2k . To = surface tempuature T=. tom ar Che Contre Y = ton OF the Combxe, Yos aadaiiy 4 the eyliondl ah Tren ctegating (ti) byt the Umit Tg to Ty wat hase Teo 0 "eo far -- —© [ydy To " A the naduis at the contre ¢ ne ti ak st by od ony by Ty wt howe. ToT © Qex'x oO” CARR buk QRS the dake 7 heab Aelease per une : length» Bo 3 > Tr Te = fake % heal release paumit length RL AKk. REFERENCES: I- CHAPMAN, A-T.: HEAT TRANSFER; 4th ed. Macanillan fab. Gomp, (Newak), 1989. 2- HOLMAN» JP: HEAT TRANSFER, Gthed., McGraw Het Book Co,, 1987. 3 KERN, D.Q.+ PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER, McGraw KL, (965. 4 WELTY ,T-R., WICKS, C-E.: FUNDAMENTALS OF MOMENTUM, HEAT SA ASS TRANSFER , 3d ed.» Tébmr Nutley S Sens, 1995. S- MCCABE, Wil, SMITH, Jc: UNIT OPERATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGG., Sth ed., MeGraw- Ue; 1993. 6 - COULSON, J-M, RICHPRDSON,T-F.: CHEMICAL ENGG.» v0 1, Sth ed, Buterwerth Heuremarn 9 1996: T- GIEDT, WH: PRINCIPLES. OF HEAT TRANIFER, QUESTION No. 1: (.REE..6, P- 3472). Frid the heat lows ameter 0 the surface through: o Buick walk , San thick Whim the trond, durpfacr. Us at don.k.and oubscde at JooK, the thumol Conducckiwity o the buick emay be token oe. SOWTION: - Ut kayo Ok nk GED) A _ ax an Now — en A m-K Avs. 0.Sm Ts. 400K - T= -- 300K & 5 Q_ (0 (400 300) a aS e140. - she am QUESTION NO. 2: (REF.S» p- 293) A % ined Cork bim, thick b wed an a layer-of thirnal imsutation wr ov flat wall. The Prmprradiine 6 the Cold acde oy the corks 40°Fand that o tru! wom side 5 190°F . The thamal conductivity 6 the cock at 32°F is. 0-021 Btu / ft-h-F and that ak 20°F b 0.032. The area of the wall io 25 if". waat ds the date op heat flow through the coalk in Bi pa hour? SeLuTton: ; (40 +180) _ Ausrage.trmpuctture corks “FO T1P9) = 10°F - Now Wang tu ft nea Csenelatin” ; (6 = 32) _ (k= 0-021) @ 2oM! Wty (2-32) —(0.032-0.021) aX dos k “ (M0-32(0.032— 0.021) - (200-32) = 0. 026 Bax / ft h-F + 0.02) whee k= Areal conducchiuity at the amsarn em prratins 2 ALs...28 bf 4T=.T, —Tr= 180-402 140°F lohsxr, = Bowpuahne @ hal ade « [80° F i. ” ¢ = 40°F g Arts. .6m = hy = Os fe Now Q=? _,amd a a gia A Ae Ax “Ey at Qe kat : (0. 026) (25)( 140)/0.5 =. 192 Btu/h. QUESTION No.3» (REF.2, p-18) - . One. face of Ca late, thie contr - ameter thick ts moumtoured at 400°C and the otha face th moumtoumed at (00° , how much heat Canspued through the thumal cnducki Cu at 250°C Joti Pe. “ty Souuriext”™ Ars Jems 3h = 0-03M TT-=. 400°C Ths 100°c ,. AT= Ti-Th = 400-jo0= 30°C Meow pe Aeot ie = 250°C . Thana. -eachny at pso%e k= gon. : - 4: > _. Q ok AT 2 ax 372_x Bae /0-03 : =....37.2.0000 — = 3720 KW Note ™ When arenb mot guitrv, the heat flow calowlated ao heat flow pr unit aredian Op QUESTION NO. 4:, (REF:6, p~ 348) A O. Covdaucked, wlth 0.202 ay feabick 0-1 of, Anwsiseoig, boteh winutate brick aud o-20 mr Lewd ae The Pride tom Dse ts [200K ond outscde tompaature 330K. If Aronmal emluctimties are tie fo fosbichs 4 WV, for vioulatung buick = 0.21 cormmenbuicke 07KW ” Encd the Mat Lon Bont ie ond the see ain amd the msulaing ae Saino . Rook 4 330K ka |e] be Q_, [2 as 7 a » farbuck, mmaulaking pA |B] © buickoud Commer buick Acopectiuely axe a tt A, B amd Cc. A%p2.0.2m Arg = O-lm Axo = 0.2m Smscde timp eT = Mook, TG =-330K = cutside temp. ky eta pkgs oat mK mK Ww. kes OTe ATe TT tue kmow Y= a ae 7 It Q T- Th Ra +Rp + Re or > +... : A” Ti, Hie, aie kh” ke ke _ 1200- 330 CHa) +(har) +(°%1) - isa... m he? Q /, aT a ~ A AX, d6t-58 2.4) 22 P) . (0-2) 137372 [oo- Te “Th = 1200— 137. 37 = (062-63 K QUESTION No. 5: (REF -S, p-295). A Hot fusmace wall is cnoturcted of rebuck uticha thamal Conductinutty 0 0.08 Blut jth °F basched by & Vin layer a commen buck, Of cerduckiuuty 0-9 Bou/ Kt h-°F . The trom bratune the Unmr face o the wath § 1400°F and 4 % cut fae § 70°F. (a) What § the heat lou through the wall (b) What $ the Erm perature orteaface Mrbuein the fur buick and the Cnbrmmn buick f . co Sy ig that the omtack Lituuin the tue buick layeas ts poor: thak o“cmtack resilance’ 9, 0. S0°E-h-¥ (alu b y what mould Me the heat lon? 4.5 uw li SOLUTION : (ay 2. A (of, frrrnuck and meulohug buck arr ats pectidaedy Aond B. for forbuick: Aty= 450m = 0.375 be oly eee ky =. 0-08 Buu] it-h-“F Al B , Q Q Common buick: — +f ArB=. Io = 0-75 KK Z ky | ke kg = 0-9 Btu /ft-h-F “Ay 47g T=. Moo’F , Ty = (70°F Q > Atmwat T= a i Rniuatt . RatRe 219 = 0-09 x ( 4 00 1)/o. 375 1026.56 = 1400~Th. The. l400— 1026.56 : =.373.44 °F ALTERNATE : Lue. know ATouuath Alp Rowrrctt Ra Tah . Al. AA Rn +e Ra Sia A So qe. 4% Oo. [0.375 0-08 o8 Ay = 1026-56 Tat ' 1026:56 Th =. [400 - (026-56 = 374.44 °F (c) Now Omsthihe avsirtonice Os. thurr called Covlack desecdoruce, | (ry) Ro= 0.5 "Foh— bt Bl Now Rawat #. Rat Re, Mok Rounalt eS Rat Re +Re ay AxB = ot + OS ka ka “7 0-315 O7S = (SS) 46 pe) to 5 = 6125 she ee Q _ Atul = G-B ze © Rewratl 6/25 Thur = Hmato po) Abs 61s - hit QUESTION NO. 6: (REF - -2p= 82) Ar exterio, ull of a house anay be 0 fproimated by 4m 5 Comma buck , with thimat conducts 0.7. potted by Aree [5 vr epee inne induct ail o-4g W. ar oY Aeck worl irowlation uth Usemad Condlactinty ai Told be added te acduce the heat Len sy tuaugh the wall by 904. ee ™ rn a - f SOLUTION: Because the heal lors with Inselation § only Ro, ¢ 6.80 Acduckin) 9 thar hepere msulabin Thus Q with mralation = (0.2) Q without vraulation ea Quuith mrulabion on Q urithouk msalabion Nows Y= ATevinat p (tone Reunik thumaf A Rewwalk Aidan) thus aye 7 ATowsall Quuth miulabion = _ Ramat witrisulabion 5 Q wmithoul maulabion ATowall Reuall without msulabinr or Qusith msutation — _— Rowal wititresulolion _ Quutrout msalatin Reunoll with vrsulation Unik thetmatarsidemce oy bick = Rp > 6 Mlb = 4tn = 4xRS4om = 4K 6.016 an . loo ky 2 0.7 Whe Roa 21 ggg mee O-7 Ww Unit thumal suuctomee for poder = Rp = oe P AXp= “PSH 2 SX 0-0284 = 0.038] om kpe 0. 4g _W So m-C _ 9038) . hs Rp = Fg = COTTA on 6/W —_— 8 ee - R with out msulatin= Ry + Rp e = 0/45 + 0.079] oarg HE Frm (i), we Cam ance | Ruuithout mutation 9.2.) oy R with masulakion Reithest risualatin = Ruvithout Pesta, , = C2 in ma 0.2 Now RisithouP muutatin = (Rb +Rp)+ = 1D ov (0.2241) + Rw = br Unik Resclonee Yrock wie yy = 0-896 Mal Ww Bug Axrw Rime ov : krw vw = Rw x krw a> kyye 0.065 2 40 AXw.= (0: 896)(0:065) = 0.058m = 0-089 a 0254 Th, wai! Chick rock wool should he added to hawe & keduchion 9 CAL heal lors by Sof. oe a _ mae TE QUESTION No. 7: (AEF-3, p- I6)* : , . A ais pepe haw on oubside dicanttr of bin, amdan muide diameter oy S inches, tb wll be cused to transport a fluid. which mamtains the tron Aun face ct 200 °F , tre’ cutride tem, wre he - pipe to ITS". What will Le the rate a hint flow, ke 063 SOWTION: ée “ oe We know of a -fuionds Qe akk LR e. a me Y= (2k k). to l ln" Ye ke 063 OH . h- fF Y= hy wm outide dhametr/2 =. & = Sin vee inte diarmelr]2 = Sg = RSin btw = Tes 200°F cubside : Cran perc = T, = I76F ‘ fend . Q (200 - 176) 7, = (2XAXx 0-63) = O42-78 Boa f QUESTION No. 8: ( REF “A lumace wall Oto be Cortiucted oy bucks haw AMoudord dumensisns 230m X [l-Stm x 7-Som+ Tiwo Lnds a makacals ore anoulable one having a amon a 10. ee _ - wade tom M1 [000°C Uith Kemal Conclucobiculiy H19S2 keal/ , amd other hauing a manimimum temberatune Pm mtb & 975% tuith a thermal Conduckivity oy ROBE Hebe 0.78 Lead | The cot R the buicks are dome and we Wonk het drign the tall fer ov furan with ini temperature 5 (000°C amd outicde Empuature bs 200° amd allowaly heat lous 2 B00 koa f aa SOLWTION: “™ C-PLROE ots Anlact AOA. opertiniedl ote Wie» PAH eoxds Bada hye METRO BEAK. » Corridu the time matetals a, Te % Q oT me k in? eae ae FOR, As | kane Las2 kel Kdax— Ang A hem-"c A= T- T= tooo — ss = kas’ So Q_k, Aa A Ax, Boo = 1.952, 12S ; Ata MXy~ 0.30S5m FOR B: kee 0.79 kcal heme 47g = TL-Ty = 8%5- 20 = 675°C Q 2 kg Ate A Ax, 8m = 0.79 _ SS HH Atge 0.659 cm. 4% RUESTION No. 9; (REE-2 p-33) A thick — walled tbe oy stainless stool (18, Cry 8 N) nib 2om vinteenal ddammete and dom out diameter ts comed witha 3em Lauper. q ashertes risa lation with thenmal Cmmdixcbiucty 0.2. Wy oo t the Vnsidle Watt Gnforatas 6, pipes maintained” at” Bro’ aud outrccle oy wsulation af fm'*e- Calculate the heat Lox omcter by longtiv. Me thammnal Concluctiiuitiy of, centers Gube 19 SOLUTION + Q aa ==? L (tA stands fr steel babe and "B"Mands far insulation. hen, kane 19 mC kee 0.2 m-C Te 2. tom = 0. 6/m ae Z- Rom % 9.02m ye += R+3= Some 0.05 T= 6c0'C Using Q _ _2k (h—Ts) L Wm%/i yn Ya/h ka ke _ _AK (600-100) mC + ln (0-096 or) 19 Od 2 94-SI. 690-3 Y 0.0365 + 4.885 ™ QuesTION Noto: (REF -&, p- 298) A tube bom buteadionnetr omtains tun layers O rilakion As Bs Trickowys a lewyper Abs Somm with themal Cmduckisiey a. oss W- by a Fomm layer B tuith thumal conduchivitl} “0-05 0 . J the bmporabunre a the oukur surface o% ine yg 150° ™ and the tom pactune te outa bf lage 8 & HC, | Colculate the heal len mr watt length . | SOLUTION: he d ky= o.oss xe kge os m-T Te [so°C T= ®°C Y= by = 30mm = 0-03m %= Gr+So =.30tSo =9omm = 0:08M Yee %t+50+40 =n + Fo = 80+40= {20mm = O.]2m a an (TB) In(i/rr), Wn/e) ot he a a | ' Q 2x (IS0 — 30) TO fw 009 B [ %-03 ie oo . 0.065 00S - 153: = RH 08 W 047.833 + 8-l04 "om QUESTION NO. Il: CREF Agim cut diameter steel pepe § Courred a bY arbertes tehich Os Courred With tuith o& )y viv Layer Re layer of lous Urool- Determine the Heady Hake haat Sromafer Lorton foot aud uatixjace timpirature Ht aabertes ‘aud gla worl q tre outer Ausjace, Gry a : 40°F oud glow urool outer tom peratunt S |a0°F SOLUTION : a : Qf =? f=? f ye % ahs = ORsét Ye Yr OSH = 1.5 40.S-Alve 01667 ft ye Tht Row = &tRe4m = 0.333 ft Tr = 400°F Ga (00°F he? Q__ ax(i—-B) bh my, kas. kow kash = oo he fF . kay, = 0-317 a™ he fF Q __ RK A00-I00) L bre ns) nl?) ale 0.0317 1984.956 -77-8 Btu . 2.344 +218 28 i T=? OQ _ ax(n-bh) rT 0 /66Y . ON Gns) o. OIL 7.62 2R(4@- h) 2399 186-64 = RK (40-Te) Tn 19664 40 2K = 370.3 ‘°F ALTERNATE: Q_ _ax(h-) Ll" jpey ly mw CY see) 0.0317 2% (Ti foo) R183 RA(Ti—100) = 1698-374 Th-10 = 270.305" Tle 370-3) °F- 778 = % NOTE: INSTEADOF FEET, VALUES In- m=) Cas be put in IN, AS RATIOS, ALTHOUGH CONVERSION To FEET IS A RATHER BORING BUT ‘CONFUSION IS ELIMINATED, _ ee __ IS ‘QUESTION No.2 Catealate the heak lex pron’ a cubride surface ata fora heaked Ape [Som im diameter cuned with Stem mdulation with themal 0.057 kcat/ The imide and outede Pom puratiire Q nsulation aL hom-t 3IS'G and Yo" Aespectiaiely SOLUTION: & imlation Inside temburature = T= 3IS °C o a outyide u = Tie 80°C Srnide nadir y the imulakin = ek =7-S¢m =0.07&m oubide paduirs @ the ruta = Yh + 5 = 7S+¢S= |2-Sem= 0./25m INSULATION. Ths 0 Fer the figure Sony es Qe? ; over Q y k (i-k) A k= 0.057 keal emt Choss-S&nON , SPHERE h Yn DIVIDED FROM THE CENTER a 6 (31S— 80) thus . — 80 QD 9-075, 4 9575 SE? A O-/25 (0.)2$—0.075) = 160.74 keat h-m* QUESTION NO. 13+ A Hadic slab of areal 2 ht" and thicknus 0.2Sim won La tcoduct heat ab a vate % (0 watts at steady stale , with tomy UH IC (at Cold stake) & Com buature a 37% , chat wut De the thurmal cndurckinty "ki op Hastie matuial in cal . SOLUTION, % sém- Ke “ Y - es “ Qz= lo watts < lo, - = 2.39 cal er: 4 hos i = 2x (2) = 2990". 299 x G-S4) = 1959 0m” = 3°C= 306K T= 31°C= 3loK A4T= T—T = 30-3062 4K Ax= O- 28m = 0.25xK2:S4= 0.6350m AT Qe kA Ta = A 4% ow k=

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