Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Simon Aicher
Page 1 of 119
Contents of lecture
Basics of permissible stress and
Interrelationship of
- Eurocodes,
- harmonized (timber) product standards,
- classification standards, calculation standards and
- test test standards
Basics of Eurocode 5 structure and contents
Design example: straight glulam beam (EC 5 vs. permissible concept)
Design example: curved glulam beam (EC 5 vs. permissible concept)
Aicher
Page 2 of 119
Aicher
Page 3 of 119
Page 4 of 119
Page 5 of 119
Page 6 of 119
Page 7 of 119
Aicher
Page 8 of 119
Aicher
Page 9 of 119
7-storey timber
Page 10 of 119
10-storey timber
building, Melbourne,
Page 11 of 119
Australia 2013
Design verification
act permissible
where in case of structural timber (roughly)
permissible = f50 /3
f50
Aicher
Page 13 of 119
13
act = 95
Design verification
d design stress
d fd
fd design strength
d = act L
L partial factor for load (1,5 for live load; 1,35 for perm. load)
f d = fk kmod / M
fk
Page 14 of 119
14
f50 kmod
1,25 M
f50 0,8
1,25 1,3
f50
2
f05 kmod
f50
=
d = act L = act 1,5 fd =
M
2
f50
act f50
2 1,5 = 3 = permissible
Aicher
Page 15 of 119
15
ms
fs
z = mz = kmod mR - ms
fz
ms 95
pf = 10 -6
Aicher
ms 95 s
kmod mR 05
kmod mR
fR
R, s
kmod mR 05 / R
Page 16 of 119
16
Aicher
Page 17 of 119
17
Aicher
Page 18 of 119
18
Scope of EN 1995
Aicher
Page 19 of 119
19
Aicher
Page 20 of 119
20
Aicher
Page 21 of 119
21
Normative References
Aicher
Page 22 of 119
22
Aicher
Page 23 of 119
23
Aicher
Page 24 of 119
24
Aicher
Page 25 of 119
25
Aicher
Page 26 of 119
26
Aicher
Page 27 of 119
27
Aicher
Page 28 of 119
28
Aicher
Page 29 of 119
29
Aicher
Page 30 of 119
30
Aicher
Page 31 of 119
31
Aicher
Page 32 of 119
32
Aicher
Page 33 of 119
33
Aicher
Page 34 of 119
34
Aicher
Page 35 of 119
35
Aicher
Page 36 of 119
36
Aicher
Page 37 of 119
37
Aicher
Page 38 of 119
38
Aicher
Page 39 of 119
39
Aicher
Page 40 of 119
40
Aicher
Page 41 of 119
41
Aicher
Page 42 of 119
42
Aicher
Page 43 of 119
43
Aicher
Page 44 of 119
44
1.2
kmod
10Jahre
years50 Jahre
10
1
1 week
Woche 66months
Monate 10
years
Madison-Kurve
0.8
Service class 3
Nutzungsklasse 3
0.6
0.4
very
short
short
kurz
sehr kurz
medium
mittel
permanent
stndig
long
lang
0.2
0
0 .0
1
0
.
0
0 .1
10
10
0
10
0
1
0
00
0
10
0
00
Page 45 of 119
0
10
0
00
45
Aicher
Page 46 of 119
46
Aicher
Page 47 of 119
47
EN 15497
Aicher
Page 48 of 119
48
Aicher
Page 49 of 119
49
Aicher
Page 50 of 119
EN 14080
50
Aicher
Page 51 of 119
51
Aicher
Page 52 of 119
52
Aicher
Page 53 of 119
53
Aicher
Page 54 of 119
54
Aicher
Page 55 of 119
55
Aicher
Page 56 of 119
56
Aicher
Page 57 of 119
57
EC 5 3.6: Adhesives
Aicher
Page 58 of 119
58
Aicher
Page 59 of 119
59
EC 5 Section 4: Durability
Aicher
Page 60 of 119
60
EC 5 Section 4: Durability
Aicher
Page 61 of 119
61
EC 5 Section 4: Durability
Aicher
Page 62 of 119
62
Aicher
Page 63 of 119
63
Aicher
Page 64 of 119
64
5.2 Members
Aicher
Page 65 of 119
65
5.4 Assemblies
Aicher
Page 66 of 119
66
5.4 Assemblies
Aicher
Page 67 of 119
67
Aicher
Page 68 of 119
68
Aicher
Page 69 of 119
69
initial geometry
deviation corresponding
to symmetrical load
initial geometry
deviation corresponding
to non-symmetrical load
Aicher
Page 70 of 119
70
Aicher
Page 71 of 119
71
Tension
6.1.2 Tension parallel to the grain
Aicher
Page 72 of 119
72
Compression
6.1.4 Compression parallel to the grain
Aicher
Page 73 of 119
73
Compression
where
c,90,d
Fc,90,d
Aef
Fc,90,d
kc,90
Aicher
Page 74 of 119
74
Compression
The effective contact area perpendicular to the grain, Aef, should be determined taking into
account an effective contact length parallel to the grain, where the actual contact length, , at
each side is increased by 30 mm, but not more than a, or 1/2, see Figure 6.2.
2. The value of kc,90 should be taken as 1,0 unless the conditions in the following paragraphs
apply. In these cases the higher value of kc,90 specified may be taken, with a limiting value
of kc,90 = 1,75.
3. For members on continuous supports, provided that 1 2h, see Figure 6.2a, the value
of kc,90 should be taken as:
kc,90 = 1,25 for solid softwood timber
kc,90 = 1,5 for glued laminated softwood timber
where h is the depth of the member and is the contact length.
Aicher
Page 75 of 119
75
Compression
4. For members on discrete supports, provided that 1 2h, see Figure 6.2b, the value of kc,90
should be taken as:
kc,90 = 1,5 for solid softwood timber
kc,90 = 1,75 for glued laminated softwood timber provided that I 400 mm
where h is the depth of the member and is the contact length.
Aicher
Page 76 of 119
76
6.1.6 Bending
Aicher
Page 77 of 119
77
6.1.6 Bending
Aicher
Page 78 of 119
78
6.1.7 Shear
Aicher
Page 79 of 119
79
kcr = 0,67
kcr = 1,0
Aicher
Page 80 of 119
80
6.1.7 Shear
Aicher
Page 81 of 119
81
6.1.8 Torsion
Aicher
Page 82 of 119
82
Aicher
Page 83 of 119
83
Aicher
Page 84 of 119
84
Aicher
Page 85 of 119
85
Aicher
Page 86 of 119
86
Aicher
Page 87 of 119
87
Aicher
Page 88 of 119
88
Aicher
Page 89 of 119
89
Aicher
Page 90 of 119
90
(a)
Figure 6.9 Double tapered (a) and curved (b) beams with the fibre direction parallel
to the lower edge of the beam
Aicher
Page 91 of 119
91
Figure 6.9 Pitched cambered beam (c) beam with the fibre direction parallel
to the lower edge of the beam
Aicher
Page 92 of 119
92
Aicher
Page 93 of 119
93
Aicher
Page 94 of 119
94
Aicher
Page 95 of 119
95
Aicher
Page 96 of 119
96
or
Aicher
Page 97 of 119
97
Aicher
Page 98 of 119
98
Design examples
Aicher
Page 99 of 119
99
16x80 cm
q = 9 kN/m, g = 6 kN/m
GL 24 / BS 11
10 m
Geometry:
l = 10 m
b = 160 mm
h = 800 mm
S = b h/6 = 17 10-6 mm
I = b h/12 = 6.8 10-9 mm4
Aicher
100
permissible concept
semi-probabilistic concept
Bending strength
m,perm = 11 N/mm
fm,k = 24 N/mm
Shear strength
MOE
Em = 11000 N/mm
crack factor
kcr = 0.67
M = 1.25
(glulam, EC 5)
Deformation factor
G = 1.35
G = 1.5
2,1 = 0.3
Aicher
101
Result
permissible concept
semi-probabilistic concept
distributed load
F = g + q = 15 kN/m
Fd = G g + Q q = 21.6 kN/m
bending moment M
M = F l / 8 = 188 kNm
Md = Fd l / 8 = 270 kNm
bending stress
m = M/S = 11 N/mm
utilization (bending)
11 / 11 = 1.00
shear force V
V = F l/2 = 75 kN
Vd = Fd l/2 = 108 kN
shear stress v
utilization (shear)
Aicher
102
deflection
utilitization (deflection)
Aicher
5 4
=
= 26
384
= 0.78
/300
= , + ,=
5 4
5 4
+
= 10.4 + 15.6
384 384
= 26
= , (1 + ) +
, (1 +2,1 )=
16.7 + 18.4 = 35.1mm
= 0.78
/300
= 0.53
/150
103
Design examples
Aicher
104
Aicher
106
R1 < R2
R1 < R2
H/R2 = 0,09
= 0,09
RH/R
2 / H2 = 11
RH/R
=2,5
0,4
1 / H1 =
bending stresses
parallel to grain
tension stresses
perpendicular to grain
,max
Aicher
H/R1 = 0,4
H
H M
II = 1+ 0,35 + 0,6
R
R W
H M
= 0,25
R W
Page 107 of 119
107
stress perp.
to grain
h
stress perp.
to grain
Aicher
108
Aicher
109
Aicher
110
111
EC5
F = 23,31 kN
rin/t = 200,
kr = 0,96
hap / r = 0,118
k1 = 1; k2 = 0,35, k3 = 0,6
kl = 1,05
Aicher
112
F = 23,31 kN
EC5
GL28:
fm,k = 28 N/mm2
load duration:
medium, kmod = 0,8
kr = 0,96
fm,d =
glulam: m = 1,25
17,92 N/mm2
ratio = 0,38
kl = 1,05
Map,d = f Map
Aicher
113
EC5
glulam: V0 = 0,01 m3
kdis = 1,4
V = 0,691 m3
hap / r = 0,118
k5 = 0; k6 = 0,25, k7 = 0
kp = 0,0294
Aicher
114
EC5
glulam:
ft,90,k = 0,5 N/mm2
load duration:
medium, kmod = 0,8
glulam: m = 1,25
Map,d = f Map
ratio
= 1,0
Aicher
115
DIN
1052
F = 23,31 kN
m,permissible = 14 N/mm2
ratio = 0,33
m = kl 6 Map/b h2
hap / r = 0,118, kl = 1,05
Aicher
m = 4,66 N/mm2
116
DIN
1052
F = 23,31 kN
ratio = 0,69
t,90 = kp 6 Map/b h2
hap / r = 0,118, kp = 0,0294
Aicher
117
F = 23,31 kN
bending
tension perp.
EC5
0,40
1,00
DIN 1052
0,33
0,69
no pre-stress effect
Aicher
no size effect
UITM 2014, Malaysia
118
Aicher
119