Umboro Lasminto

Students are able to design urban drainage /

regions in the primary system ranging from
tertiary channels to final disposal.

Review Hydraulics Analyzis

Urban Drainage
Constraints in Waste Water Distribution
Drainage Stadium
Drainage Highways
Drainage Airport
The wells Drainage
Drainage Basin

ASCE dan WPCF (American Society of Civil

Engineers dan The Water Pollution Control
Federation), Design and Construction of
Sanitary and Storm Sewers, 1996.
ASSTHO, Pedoman Jalan Raya, 1992.
Cendergen, Harry R, Drainage of Highway and
Airfield Engineering Pavement, 1974
Chow, Ven Te, Open Channel Hydraulics, 1985.
Fair, M.Gordon., Geyer, John C.. Okun, Daniel A.,
Water and Wastewater Engineering, Volume 1,
1966.
Etc.

Irrigation : 50 %
Drainage : 50%
Major Assigment : 12.5%
Minor Assigment (total) : 12.5%
Mid Semester exam : 12.5%
Final Exam : 12.5%

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Gruop : Drainage, code : tjpqqq

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE :
Water suply
Waste water treatment

2. Waste Management
Tranposrtation fasility
Public transit
Electicity
Gas facility

Drainage

Telecomunication fasility
Housing facility
Public fasility : school, market, hospital, police office and firehouse
Park, Playground, recreation facility and stadion.

Build a channel and buildings that serve to

control (reduce / discard) excess water from
an area, so that the land can function
optimally.

The movement of water particles:

flow on the surface, following the slope of the
land toward the lower
gully/channels
river sea
partially stored in depressions in the ground,
partially infiltrate into the ground
evaporation (in the drainage analysis ignored)

Vegetation: water has a chance to infiltrate water into the

ground (surface runoff is reduced)
The flow of surface inhibited by basin area (inundation)
The flow of surface obstructed by buildings (inundation)
The flow of water in the river / canal obstructed by
bridges, pipes, garbage, sediments (the water level to rise
and overflow)
Ground water flowing out from beneath the earth's to
surface due to cutting hill (inundation)
shallow groundwater flow inhibited by construction in the
ground (pile foundation, basement) that make change in
the direction of groudwater flow

asphalt, paving, building : most of rainwater

become surface runoff

Ground without vegetation : Surface erosion

because surface runoff carrying soil particles

Soil permeability too small

Natural : clay soil
Human intervention : soil compaction (soil

improvement, building load or foundation)

Groundwater flow direction change.

Water demand :
Quantity (volume, discharge)
Quality (physic/chemical/biologic)

Benefit Aspecs : Human/organism need water

(direct/indirect)
Agriculture, industry, transportaton, hydro power and

torism

Control Aspec :
Human suffer losses due to water (Flooding/Inundation,

erosion, water polution)

Water is required as necessary, excess water caused

problems

Agriculture area : the plants will

die
Housing/urban : material losses,
disrupted sanitation,
environmental health inpaired,
daily activities (social, economic)
disrupted
On the road : road damage,
disrupted traffic
Permanen inundation : swam

Waste water retained in the channel or in

low places : smells bad, bad environmental
aesthetic, a source of disease
Inundation : Mosquito breeding, bad
environmental aesthetics, sources spread
of disease, impairs the growth of plants,
stimulating the growth of vegetation in the
channel or in marshes.
Inundation causes material loss, disrupt
economic and social activities, disruptig
traffic and damaging urban infrastructure.
Excess water retained in the road body
may decrease road stability.
Plants die

To drain waste water and / or excess water

quickly and safely to :
Waste water treatment
Water Body (Big river, lake, sea)

To dry lands are flooded or saturated with water

in the shortest possible time so that sanitation
can work well, and the plants can grow
Ensuring that water is not retained in the road /
pavement so that the stability of the road is
maintained

Drain rain water and/or waste water within area

in town/ urban area
Areas :
Housing / settlement / trade and service
Airport, harbor and Industry

Water that flowed

Rain water
Domestic waste water
Industrial waste water
Ground water

Concerning the river flow regulation,

including control of river flow and water level
in the a catchment area or a sub-catchment
area.

High rainfall
Sedimentation in the river cause decreasing
river flow capacity
Backwater from sea to the river or from main
river to the tributary
Obstacle in the river (cross section
constriction) e.g. Pier, river bend, structure
etc.

detention basins,
levees,
bunds,
reservoirs,
Weirs
coastal defenses, such as sea walls, beach
nourishment, and barrier islands.
repair and expansion of man-made sewer
systems and stormwater infrastructure
reduce impervious surfaces in streets, parking
lots and buildings through natural drainage
channels
temporary inundation
rain barrels, sump pumps, and check valves.

MSN Encarta Dictionary : A flood is an overflow

of water that submerges land which is usually dry
The European Union (EU) Floods
Directivedefines a flood as a covering by water of
land not normally covered by water
Urban flooding is the inundation of land or
property in a built environment, particularly in
more densely populated areas, caused by rainfall
overwhelming the capacity of drainage systems,
such as storm sewers.

Primary effect :

The primary effects of flooding include loss of life, damage to buildings and other structures,
including bridges, sewerage systems, roadways, and canals.
Floods also frequently damage power transmission and sometimes power generation, which
then has knock-on effects caused by the loss of power.
Loss of drinking water treatment and water supply, which may result in loss of drinking water
or severe water contamination.
Loss of sewage disposal facilities.
Lack of clean water combined with human sewage in the flood waters raises the risk
of waterborne diseases, which can include typhoid, giardia,cryptosporidium, cholera and
many other diseases depending upon the location of the flood.
the land unworkable and preventing crops from being planted or harvested

Secondary effect :

Economic hardship due to a temporary decline in tourism, rebuilding costs, or food shortages
leading to price increases is a common after-effect of severe flooding.
psychological damage to those affected, in particular where deaths, serious injuries and loss
of property occur.

Floods (in particular more frequent or smaller floods) can

also bring many benefits, such as recharging ground
water, making soil more fertile and increasing nutrients in
some soils.
Flood waters provide much needed water resources
in arid and semi-arid regions where precipitation can be
very unevenly distributed throughout the year and kills
pests in the farming land.
Freshwater floods particularly play an important role in
maintaining ecosystems in river corridors and are a key
factor in maintaining floodplain biodiversity.
Flooding can spread nutrients to lakes and rivers, which
can lead to increased biomass and improved fisheries for a
few years.

Separate system : rain water and waste

water separetely
Mixed system : rain water and waste water
flowed together

The scope of work is to keep rain water or

ground water does not stagnate on the
surface of the road and do not persist in the
layer of pavement because it can reduce the
stability of the road construction.

The same with highway drainage

Drainage of airport region similar with urban
drainage

In priciple the same with urban drainage

To drain inundation land

Control ground water level

Gravitational system : water flow rely

on a difference in the water level
upstream and downstream
Pumping System : flow by gravity can
not be done due to higher water level
at downstream
Polder System :
For land that lower than surrounding
Protected area from outside water
Drain water by pump

retarding basin, pond, boezem : Store

water temporarily untill gravity flow
can be done

Tertiary
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary
Tertiary

Recieving
water

Secondary
Tertiary
Branch channel
Primary channel

Recieving
water

Recieving water

REGULATION POND:
1. Regulation pond is one of flood
control mitigation facilities .

2. To store water temporarily

during peak rain ( through
spillway ) and release again to
channel during recession time
of rain ( through sluice way
gate and pumping station ).
3. Regulation Pond must be
located more upstream of the
area to be protected against
flooding .

42

1. Water and soil

Infiltration capability : determine runoff

coefficient
Soil durabilty from water scouring : determine
channel roughness
Groundwater level : determine groundwater
storage and chennel seepage

Natural components are taking into account in

Drainage planning

2. Topograpgy
Channel aligment
Channel Slope
Catchment Area

Natural components are taking into account in

Drainage planning

3. Hydrology
Discharge
Channel Dimension

Natural components are taking into account in

Drainage planning

4. Land Use
Runoff coefficient
Discharge
Channel Dimension

Natural components are taking into account in

Drainage planning

5. Recieving Water
Water flowing smoothly
Water level fluctuation
Tidal : backwater

Land slope
Relief of land
Land use
Soil structure
Groundwater depth
Land cover

Pervious soil : good transmission character

Semi-pervious soil : Transmission character
are relatively poor. Horizontal flow up to a
certain distance can be ignored. Resistance to
vertical flow can not be ignored
Imprevious soil : Transmission are bad,
vertical resistance are big and horizontal flow
are negligible

Surface runoff is water, from rain, snowmelt,

or other sources, that flows over the land
surface
A land area which produces runoff draining to
a common point is called a watershed
Increased runoff reduces groundwater
recharge, thus lowering the water table and
making droughts worse, especially for
farmers and others who depend on water
wells.

If a flow is such that the

properties at every point in the
flow do not depend upon time, it
is called a steady flow.
Flow in which the velocity,
discharge or water level,
pressure, density of the fluid at
a particular fixed point does not
change with time called
also stationary flow
https://ecourses.ou.edu

flow is one where the

properties do depend on
time
For unsteady flow, the
fluid properties are
function of time

flow of a fluid in which each

particle moves along its line of
flow with constant speed and
in which the cross section of
each stream tube remains
unchanged
the flow is defined as uniform
flow when in the flow field
the velocity and other
hydrodynamic parameters do
not change from point to
point at any instant of time.

When the velocity and other

hydrodynamic parameters changes
from one point to another the flow is
defined as non-uniform.
Important points:
1. For a non-uniform flow, the
changes with position may be
found either in the direction of
flow or in directions perpendicular
to it.
2.Non-uniformity in a direction
perpendicular to the flow is always
encountered near solid boundaries
past which the fluid flows.

floodplains are the low,

flat, periodically
flooded lands adjacent
to rivers, lakes and
oceans and subject to
geomorphic (landshaping) and
hydrologic (water flow)
processes