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Essentials
Autodesk
Revit
Structure 2010
Hands-on exercises demonstrate the concepts of building information modeling and the
tools for parametric design, analysis, and documentation.
255B1-050000-CM00A
June 2009
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Published by:
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Contents
Introduction ....................................................................................................... ix
Chapter 1: Building Information Modeling ........................................................ 1
Lesson: Building Information Modeling for Structural
Engineering .......................................................................................... 2
About Building Information Modeling ...................................................... 3
About Bidirectional Associativity .............................................................. 7
Contents
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iii
iv
Contents
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Contents
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269
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Contents
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Contents
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Contents
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Introduction
Welcome to the Learning Autodesk Revit Structure 2010 Autodesk Official Training Guide, a training
guide for use in Authorized Training Center (ATC) locations, corporate training settings, and other
classroom settings.
Although this guide is designed for instructor-led courses, you can also use it for self-paced learning.
The guide encourages self-learning through the use of the Autodesk Revit Structure 2010 Help system.
This introduction covers the following topics:
Course objectives
Prerequisites
CD contents
Feedback
This guide is complementary to the software documentation. For detailed explanations of features and
functionality, refer to the Help in the software.
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Course Objectives
After completing this guide, you will be able to:
Prerequisites
This guide is designed for new users of Revit Structure.
It is recommended that you have a working knowledge of:
Lessons
Usually two or more lessons in each chapter.
Exercises
Practical, real-world examples for you to practice using the functionality you have just learned.
Each exercise contains step-by-step procedures and graphics to help you complete the exercise
successfully.
CD Contents
The CD attached to the back cover of this book contains all the data and drawings you need to
complete the exercises in this guide.
Introduction
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On screen
Click the Learning Autodesk Revit Structure 2010 AOTG icon on your desktop, installed from the
CD, and follow the step-by-step exercises on screen. The on screen exercises are the same as those
in the book. The onscreen version has the advantage that you can concentrate on the screen
without having to glance down at your book.
After launching the onscreen exercises, you might need to alter the size of your application window to
align both windows.
Unless you specify a different folder, the exercise files are installed in the following folder:
C:\Autodesk Learning\Autodesk Revit Structure 2010\Learning\
After you install the data from the CD, this folder contains all the files necessary to complete each
exercise in this guide.
Introduction
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xi
Warnings provide information about actions that might result in the loss of data, system
failures, or other serious consequences.
Feedback
We always welcome feedback on Autodesk Official Training Guides. After completing this guide, if you
have suggestions for improvements or if you want to report an error in the book or on the CD, please
send your comments to learningtools@autodesk.com.
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Introduction
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Chapter
1
Building Information Modeling
Building information modeling (BIM) is an integrated workflow built on coordinated, reliable
information about a project from design through construction and into operations. The Revit platform
is purpose-built software for building information modeling.
Building information modeling (BIM) makes sustainable design practices easier by enabling architects
and engineers to more accurately visualize, simulate, and analyze building performance earlier in the
design process.
Chapter Objective
In this chapter, you will learn about building information modeling methodology.
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Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
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Document accurately
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Revit Structure is a building design and documentation system that supports the design,
documentation, and even construction efforts required for a building project. Because of its
parametric change technology, any change you make is automatically coordinated everywhere in your
project, including model views, drawing sheets, schedules, sections, and plans.
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At the center of the BIM workflow is Autodesk Revit Structure, integrating a multi-material physical
and analytical model. This single model can be created on its own, or by leveraging 2D or 3D
architectural information.
The Revit Structure model can be used throughout the interactive design process to collaborate with
all parties involved. The result is a coordinated and consistent design model that reflects the most upto-date design.
The analytical model is used to integrate Revit Structure and widely-used industry standard structural
analysis and design applications, such as Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional. The
analytical model contains information such as loads, load combinations, member sizes, and release
conditions for use in leading third-party analysis applications. The creation of the analytical model
uses engineering rules to produce a consistent analytical representation of the physical structure.
Engineers can override initial analytical settings and edit the analytical model before linking to
structural analysis packages.
Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional software is a collaborative, versatile, and fast
structural analysis and design application that incorporates BIM, allowing engineers to readily analyze
a wide variety of structures.
Revit Structure is also used to create the construction documents required for the project. Its
bidirectional associativity ensures that changes made to the model are automatically updated on
every sheet of the construction documents. Revit Structure can also be used in conjunction with
AutoCAD to leverage the power and productivity of the widely-used drafting platform, providing a
robust and powerful solution for construction documents.
Finally, the same model can be used downstream for fabrication detailing and shop drawings of
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steel and concrete reinforcement using leading third-party detailing applications as well as AutoCAD
Structural Detailing. AutoCAD Structural Detailing software is a powerful solution for faster and
efficient detailing and creation of fabrication shop drawings for reinforced concrete and steel
structures.
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Parametric Relationships
The term parametric refers to the relationships among the elements of a building design model. These
relationships enable the software to coordinate and manage the changes made to the building model.
The relationships are created either automatically by the software or by you. In mathematics and
mechanical CAD, the numbers or characteristics that define these relationships are called parameters;
therefore, the operation of the software is called parametric. It is these parametric relationships that
deliver fundamental coordination and productivity benefits provided by the building information
modeling methodology.
Beams attached to supporting columns located on column grids. When a grid moves, the column
moves with it and the beams lengths adjust accordingly.
A structural truss modeled using constraints that define the number of bays and lengths of
diagonals. When the span of the truss changes, vertical members are added where necessary and
the diagonal web members adjust accordingly.
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Chapter
2
Revit Structure Basics
Before you begin to use Revit Structure, you need to become familiar with the interface and the
structural elements and families used to create structural designs.
Chapter Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
Chapter Overview
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Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Identify the different parts of the Revit Structure user interface.
Describe the Revit Structure ribbon framework.
State the recommended practices for using the user interface.
Explore the Revit Structure user interface.
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User Interface
Description
Element
Application Button Opens the application menu that provides access to common tools, such as
Save, Print, and Publish.
Tab
Contains tools, settings, and standard functions. Only one tab can be active
at a time and the active tab is on top.
Panel
Groups buttons for similar functions and tools.
Expanded Panel
12
Button
Split Button
Dialog Launcher
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The following illustration shows the Project Browser, status bar, View Control Bar, and other elements
of the Revit Structure user interface.
User Interface
Element
Project Browser
Description
Navigation Bar
Displays a tree view of a logical hierarchy for all views, schedules, sheets, and
families in the current project.
Displays the name of the family and element type when you position the
cursor over an object. Displays tips or hints when you use a comment.
Provides shortcuts to commonly used view commands, such as View Scale
and Model Graphics Style.
Displays the view that you have selected in the Project Browser. Views can be
tiled or maximized to fill the entire view window.
Displays Zoom controls and opens the Steering Wheels.
View Cube
Status Bar
View Control Bar
View Window
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Application Menu
The application menu provides access to many common file actions. You can also access advanced
options, such as Export and Publish, to manage files.
Application menu
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InfoCenter Toolbar
You use the InfoCenter toolbar to search for information through keywords and access subscription
services and product-related updates. You can also access topics in Help.
InfoCenter toolbar
Context Menus
Context menus are displayed when you right-click an object or an area of the user interface. They list
common options, such as Zoom, and other options related to the current task. For example, if you
select a wall in the current view, and then right-click it, the context menu displays options such as
Change Wall's Orientation and Select Joined Elements.
Full ribbon
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Ribbon Tabs
The ribbon displays nine tabs and all tools in Revit are available on these tabs. You make a tab active
by clicking its name. Each tab consists of panels of grouped tools.
The following illustration shows the various ribbon tabs.
The following table lists the tools and options that you can access on the nine ribbon tabs in Revit
Structure.
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Tab
Home
Includes commonly used tools for placing building elements such as beam,
column, brace, wall, floor, and foundation. This tab also includes tools
grouped by circulation, reinforcement, Datum, Work Plane, and Model.
Insert
Includes tools for linking and importing files, loading family files, and
seeking content online.
Annotate
Includes tools for placing dimensions, detailing, drafting, text, tags, and
symbols.
Modify
Includes tools for editing objects, geometry, linework, and faces. This tab
also includes copy and paste tools using the clipboard, inquiry tools, and
phasing tools.
Analyze
Collaborate
Includes tools for collaboration with internal and external team members.
This tab also includes tools for workset creation, workset management,
and coordination.
View
Manage
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Contextual Tabs
When you start a tool or select elements, a contextual tab opens on the ribbon displaying a set of tools
that relate only to the context of that tool or element.
The Type Selector drop-down and the Element Properties drop-down are available on the contextual
tabs. Additional tools are also displayed on the contextual tab for working with the element that you
are placing or modifying. The Options Bar appears under the contextual tab.
The following illustration shows the Place Beam contextual tab that opens when you activate the Beam
tool.
User Interface
Description
Element
Element Properties Allows you to open either the Instance Properties or the Type Properties
drop-down
dialog box. Using these dialog boxes, you can change the properties of either
an individual instance of a family type or all the instances of a family type.
Type Selector
Allows you to change from one type of element to another. The contents of
drop-down
the drop-down change depending on the current tool or selected elements.
Options Bar
Displays options for configuring elements you create or modify. The options
change depending on the current tool or selected elements.
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Use the cursor tooltip to view keyboard shortcut commands for tools. The cursor tooltip displays
when you hold it over a button on the ribbon. Instead of a command line in Revit, you can enter
keyboard shortcut commands to access tools. For example, enter VG to open the Visibility/
Graphics dialog box.
Control tooltip appearance by using the Options dialog box. This helps you view the appropriate
information for your experience level.
While working with a tool, when no other action is active, the Modify action is active by default.
To end a tool or operation quickly, press ESC twice to revert to the Modify status.
Use the Options Bar to select command-specific tools such as setting wall height while you are
placing walls. This is quicker than selecting and changing walls later.
Use the Project Browser to create, delete, change, or switch between views. This helps you quickly
manage the views in a project.
Read the hints and tips displayed on the status bar while working. These provide valuable
information about using the tools.
Hide the Project Browser while working on big drawings so as to expand the view window and
display a larger part of the drawing. To unhide the Project Browser, use the User Interface dropdown on the Windows panel of the View tab. You can also toggle the ribbon display to enlarge
your view on small screens.
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2.
3.
4.
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7.
5.
6.
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22
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3.
4.
5.
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6.
7.
9.
8.
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16.
17.
18.
19.
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Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Describe structural elements.
Describe families.
State the recommended practices for working with structural elements and families.
Work with structural elements and families.
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Description
Datum
Includes elements such as levels, column grids, and reference planes that establish
a context for the host and component elements. These datum elements help layout
the building structure.
Model
Includes elements such as walls, floors, columns, and beams that are used to model
a structural design.
Component
Includes elements such as beams, columns, braces, and foundations that fill the
details of a structural model.
Host
Includes elements such as walls, slabs, roofs, stairs, and ramps that form the basic
built-in-place structure of a model.
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Category
Description
View
Includes elements such as structural plans, sections, and schedules that are
dynamic representations of a structural model, have their own properties, and can
be modified or deleted. View elements control the annotation elements placed in a
view. If you delete a view, the annotations placed in the view are also deleted. View
elements do not control the host and component elements.
Annotation
Includes elements such as dimensions, text notes, section tags, and object tags that
are two-dimensional and are visible only in the specified view of a structural model.
These elements help create structural documentation.
Elements as Objects
Structural elements such as walls, columns, and beams are called objects. The properties of these
objects, such as structure and behavior, are called parameters. These properties simplify the process
of creating a structural model. For example, when you draw a wall element in Revit, you do not need
to ensure that the wall layer is active as in a conventional CAD application. In addition, you do not
need to draw the faces and internal structural details of the wall element separately. The wall element
behaves as a wall and has all the visual attributes of a wall, such as the required line weight and color.
You can join a wall element to other walls, connect it structurally to floors and ceilings, and place
windows and doors in it.
Intelligence is programmed into Revit elements so that their behavior is affected by the relationships
they share with other elements.
Wall elements
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About Families
Families are classes of elements within a category that group elements with a common set of
parameters, identical use, and similar graphical representation. Revit contains various predefined
families, which you can use in your projects. You can modify these predefined families to suit project
requirements. You can also create custom families by using templates for beams, columns, and
foundations.
Definition of Families
A family is a collection of objects with similar characteristics. These characteristics are represented by
instance and type parameters. Instance parameters are specific to a particular instance of an object in
a structural model, but type parameters apply to all objects of a particular type.
Different elements within a family may have different values for some or all properties; however, the
set of properties is the same. Each element with a different value is a new type within a family. For
example, a beam with a specific profile can be of different sizes and all beams of different sizes are
new types within the beam family. Similarly, rectangular columns can be considered as one family,
though the columns belonging to the family are available in different styles and different sizes within
those styles.
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The following illustration shows different types of columns belonging to the Structural Columns family.
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Option
Example
Element
Wall
Family/System family
Basic Wall
Type
Instance
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Example of Families
Revit provides controls for how elements are constructed and located in a project using the Family,
Type, and Instance Properties dialog boxes. The family properties control the geometry of elements,
the type properties control their size, and the instance properties control the location of elements in
space.
The following illustrations show a wall instance, different wall families, and a wall family type.
Wall instance
Wall families
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Familiarize yourself with the predefined content libraries that Revit installs and custom content
libraries created by other users in your organization. This enables you to reuse existing elements
and saves the time and effort that goes into creating a library from scratch. You can also access the
Revit content online.
Save a family to the library folder after creating new types or modifying a type within a family. This
makes the new family type available across projects and to other users.
Identify and create common system content that is frequently used in your organization, such
as wall and floor types, and include it in the template file of your organization. This saves time
because you do not have to recreate the system content as you model future projects.
Move the cursor over an element to view the tooltip information about its family and type while
you are working in the view window. Take care not to click elements and modify them accidentally.
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Open i_rst_essentials_structural_elements.rvt
or m_rst_essentials_structural_elements.rvt.
The file opens in the default 3D view of a
building structure consisting of composite
concrete floor slabs supported on steel framing
and load bearing walls. Notice that only the
2.
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5.
3.
6.
4.
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Click Cancel.
8. In the view window, select one of the two
W10x49 (W250x115) columns.
9. Open the Type Properties dialog box again.
10. In the Type Properties dialog box:
Click Cancel.
Note: It is important to note that the column
and beam elements share the same type
parameters that define their size, such as bf,
tf, and tw. However, these elements belong to
different families because they have a different
set of instance parameters that define their
location in the model based on their structural
use.
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16. Click View tab > Windows panel > Tile to display
the tile view.
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Chapter
3
Viewing the Structural Model
In this chapter, you learn how to create, duplicate, and manage views. Additionally, you learn how to
control object visibility in views and create elevation, section, and 3D views.
Chapter Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
Chapter Overview
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Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Describe views.
Explain the use of view properties.
State the recommended practices for working with views.
Explore and create views.
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About Views
The Project Browser displays a list of all project views. These views display different representations of
the same structural model. When you open a new view, the views that were already open remain open
and their settings do not change.
Definition of Views
Views provide a way of visualizing and working on a building model. You use views to display a
model from different directions and reference points that help you build the model. In addition, you
use views to generate plans, elevations, sections, details, and schedules that are used to assemble
construction documentation.
When you start a project, certain views are created by default based on the project template that
you select. You can edit the properties of these views and create new views, as required. You can also
duplicate existing plan and 3D views to create new views.
You can navigate within a view using the mouse wheel, Steering Wheels, or the view cube, and switch
between views in the middle of an activity. For example, you can select a floor in 3D view and edit it in
plan view. However, only one view can be active at any given time.
Bidirectional Associativity
Bidirectional associativity ensures that the changes made in one view automatically reflect in all the
associated views. Bidirectional associativity applies to every component, view, and annotation in a
project.
For example, a change made to the spacing of the floor framing in a plan view is reflected in all the
associated views, such as section views.
Description
Duplicate
This option creates a view that is a copy of the original view. A duplicate
view displays model elements but not annotation elements from the
original view. For example, you can use this option to create a duplicate
foundation plan that displays a referenced architectural plan and is used
for coordination purposes. The duplicate plan is independent of the
original foundation plan.
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Options
Description
Duplicate with
Detailing
This option creates a view that inherits all details of the original view. A
duplicate with detailing view displays both model and annotation elements
from the original view. For example, you can use this option to create
an overall foundation plan that includes the detailing you added to the
original foundation plan. The overall plan is independent of the original
foundation plan. Any additional annotation you add is displayed only in the
view to which it is added.
Duplicate as a
Dependent
This option creates a dependent view that inherits view properties and
view-specific elements from the original view, known as the parent view. A
dependent view is used to display only a specific area of the view. You can
insert matchlines to indicate where the view is split and view references
to link views. Annotation added to the dependent view is displayed in the
parent view and vice versa. This option helps to create views that show
portions of a plan when the entire plan is too large to fit on a drawing
sheet.
The following illustrations show an original view and its duplicate copies created by using the options
for duplicating views.
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Underlay
You use the underlay property of a plan view to display another plan view of the model under the
current plan view. Underlay can be above or below the current level and appears in halftone. You use
underlay to understand the relationship among the components on different floors. You can select
and modify elements in the underlay or snap to the underlay elements for the purpose of the design
layout.
In the following illustration, the halftone lines show a lower-level plan view as underlay in the current
plan view.
Examples of Views
The following illustrations show the different types of views of a structural model.
3D view
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Callout view
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Section view
Plan view
Elevation view
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Schedule view
View Properties
You use view properties to set and modify parameters associated with the active view, such as scale,
graphics style, and underlay. Certain view instance properties are available on the View Control Bar at
the bottom of each view window. You can use this bar to quickly access some of the properties that
affect the views in the view window
You can also modify the properties of a view by using the Instance Properties dialog box for that view.
The following illustration shows the Instance Properties dialog box for a structural plan view.
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Description
View Scale
Scale Value
Defines a custom scale value. Scale Value is enabled when Custom is selected for
View Scale.
Display
Model
Comprises three settings: Normal, Do Not Display, and As Underlay. The Normal
setting displays all elements normally. This setting is intended for all nondetail
views. The Do Not Display setting hides the model and displays only detailed,
view-specific elements. These elements include lines, regions, dimensions, text,
and symbols. The As Underlay setting displays all detailed, view-specific elements
normally and model elements appear dimmed.
Detail Level
Applies a Coarse, Medium, or Fine detail level setting to the view scale. This setting
overrides the automatic detail level setting for the view.
Visibility/
Graphics
Overrides
Controls the visibility of objects by category in a view. You can specify visibility
settings using the Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog box.
Model
Graphics
Style
Specifies different graphic styles for the project view. The styles include Hidden
Line, Wireframe, Shading, and Shading with Edges.
Graphic
Display
Options
Discipline
Specifies the discipline for the project view and controls the display of model
objects. You can select the Architectural, Structural, Mechanical, Electrical, and
Coordination disciplines for the project.
Color Scheme
Specifies the color pattern to be applied when rooms are visible in the view.
View Name
Displays the name of the active view. The view name also appears in the Project
Browser and on the title bar of the view.
Title on Sheet
Shows the name of the view as it appears on the sheet; the name is different from
the value in the View Name property. This parameter is not available for sheet
views.
Note: This is a powerful feature of Revit and you will learn more about it later.
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Parameter
Description
Crop View
and Crop
Region
Visible
Sets a boundary around the building model. You can select the boundary and resize
it using drag controls. The visibility of the model changes when you resize the
boundary. To turn off cropping, clear the Crop Region check box. To turn off the
boundary and maintain the cropping, clear the Crop Region Visible check box.
View Range
Controls the specific geometric planes that define the boundaries of plan views.
You can set these boundaries by defining the height of the Top clip plane, the Cut
plane, and the Bottom clip plane. This parameter is available only in plan views.
Phase Filter
Applies a specific phase filter to a view. This parameter controls the appearance of
model objects based on their phase status.
Phase
Displays the specific phase of a view. View Phase, Phase Filter, and Object Phase
work together to determine which model components are visible in the view and
how they appear graphically.
View Range
Plan views are three-dimensional. All plan views and reflected ceiling plan views have an instance
property called View Range, which is a group of horizontal planes that affect object visibility and
appearance in a view. View Range has four horizontal planes: Top, Cut, Bottom, and View Depth.
The Top and Bottom planes represent the top and bottom extents of the view, respectively. The Cut
plane determines the display of elements in a view. While model elements above the Cut plane are
not displayed, model elements below the Cut plane are in projected line weight. Model elements
that pass through the Cut plane are displayed in Cut line weight, which is heavier than projected.
When the View Depth plane is set below the Bottom plane, the view displays the elements below the
Bottom plane, down to the View Depth level, in Beyond line weight, which is lighter than Projected.
The following illustration shows walls that are Cut in the view; Projected, which is below the Cut plane
and above the Bottom plane; and Beyond, which is below the Bottom plane and above the View
Depth plane.
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View Scale
Detail Level
Model Graphics Style
Shadows On/Off
Show/Hide Rendering Dialog
Crop/Do Not Crop View
Show/Hide Crop Region
Temporary Hide/Isolate
Reveal Hidden Elements
View Scale
The view scale controls the plotting display of a view. It determines how the view will fit on a sheet.
You select a scale value to adjust the display characteristics, such as line weights, of an object
automatically. You can select a predefined scale value or specify a custom scale value, as shown.
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Detail Level
Detail Level affects the display of the component geometry. You can choose a display setting for the
view from three detail levels: Coarse, Medium, and Fine.
Coarse displays only the outlines of walls, floors, and roofs. Medium and Fine display the compound
structures of components.
The following illustrations show the plan view of a column with different detail levels.
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You use the Wireframe and Hidden Line styles to duplicate the appearance of a standard printed page.
For illustration and design review, you use Shading and Shading with Edges styles.
The following illustrations show a structural model with different model graphics styles.
Wireframe style
Shading style
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Shadows On/Off
You use Shadows On/Off to review design and drawings.
Zoning requirements sometimes restrict how the shadow of a building can fall on adjoining
properties. You can check this by turning on the shadows using Shadows On.
You can adjust the shadow properties and silhouette edge style using Graphic Display Options.
Structural model with shadows turned on Structural model with shadows turned off
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Crop View
You can activate the crop view for view elements by selecting the Crop View instance parameter in
the Instance Properties dialog box. When you select Crop View, it displays the elements only within
the boundaries of the crop view. When you turn off the crop view by selecting Do Not Crop View, the
elements within and outside the crop view boundaries are displayed.
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Temporary Hide/Isolate
You use Temporary Hide/Isolate to temporarily hide the selected objects or object categories in the
active view, or isolate (display only) the selected object or category. This view parameter is useful
when you want to view or edit only a few elements of a certain category.
The objects hidden in a view using Temporary Hide/Isolate are not visible in the view
window, but they are still a part of the view and are also printed.
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The following illustrations show the effect of the Temporary Hide/Isolate parameter on walls in a plan
view when the Isolate Category option is selected.
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Thin Lines
You use the Thin Lines tool to toggle the display of line width in a model. Revit shows lines with
applied width, by default, so that each view approximates how it prints according to drafting
standards. With Thin Lines turned on, you can easily differentiate between closely spaced lines when
you need to work in a cluttered part of a view. Thin Lines affects all the views. This tool is available on
the Graphics panel of the View tab.
The following illustration shows the Thin Lines tool on the Graphics panel.
In the following illustration, when Thin Lines is turned on, you can view the exact intersection detail at
the top of the wall, and when Thin Lines is turned off, the slanting roof hides the top of the wall.
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Familiarize yourself with duplicating and modifying views by using the Project Browser because the
Project Browser and its associated shortcut menus are important tools for working with views. This
helps you speed up your workflow and manage views easily, which is a basic skill in Revit.
Familiarize yourself with the View Control Bar, which contains options that you will use while
working with views. The View Control Bar helps you navigate and modify views quickly and easily.
Familiarize yourself with Temporary Hide/Isolate on the View Control Bar, which is useful for
turning elements on and off as you work in a model.
Study the Instance Properties and Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog boxes for your working views
because these two dialog boxes control what you see in any view. If you understand how to modify
view properties, control visibility of elements, and change or override graphic display of elements
in these two dialog boxes, you will be able to work more effectively.
Adjust the crop region of the view after adding it, and then pin the view at the required position in
the view window. This prevents you from inadvertently moving the view.
Add drafting elements to the largest scale views because drafting elements are view-specific. Small
scale views are generally used for placing objects, and larger scale views become important when
you work on detailing and documentation. Placing the drafted items in large scale views is more
efficient and saves time.
Use dependent views for multistory projects with large floor plans. After you create the dependent
views for one level, you can quickly replicate them to other levels by right-clicking the parent view
in the Project Browser and selecting Apply Dependent Views from the shortcut menu.
Add drafting elements directly to views and not to sheets. When you move the views on a sheet,
the elements placed in the view move with the view.
Orbit about a particular element in a 3D view by selecting the element first and then rotating the
view. This helps maintain the orientation of the view as you orbit.
Open a view by double-clicking its name in the Project Browser. This is the quickest way to open a
view.
Select Close Hidden Windows on the Windows panel of the View tab to close all open views,
except the active view in each project. This keeps your Switch Windows list manageable and
conserves system resources.
Dock, undock, and close the Project Browser to enlarge the view window when required. This
provides a larger workspace.
Select multiple views from the Project Browser using CTRL+select if you want to change the
properties of multiple views simultaneously. This saves time and reduces the chance of errors.
Open a 3D view and tile it when working in 2D plan, section, or elevation views. This helps in
visualizing the effect of modifications made in the 2D view on the rest of the model.
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Explore views.
1.
Explore Views
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Click OK.
The SECOND FLR. - Working view is
independent of the original SECOND FLR.
view. You can use it as a working view to
further build the model and coordinate with
a referenced architectural plan. The original
SECOND FLR. view can contain the annotation
and be used for documentation.
Create a new view with detailing. In the Project
Browser, under Structural Plans:
2.
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Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Describe controlling object visibility and graphical representation.
Identify view template options.
Modify line styles to control object visibility.
Use filters.
State the recommended practices for controlling object visibility.
Control object visibility.
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Visibility/Graphics Settings
The Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog box has four tabs: Model Categories, Annotation Categories,
Imported Categories, and Filters. Additional tabs, such as Revit Links Categories, Worksets Categories,
and Design Options, are displayed if the project contains linked RVT files, is subdivided into worksets,
and includes design options, respectively.
You can control the visibility of all categories of objects, such as structural columns and dimensions.
You can also control the visibility of object subcategories, such as the stick representation of structural
framing girders. You control object category or subcategory visibility by selecting the check boxes
on the categories tabs in the Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog box. If you clear the check box for a
category, its subcategories are also hidden.
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Using the Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog box, you control the following settings by object
category:
Change the line thickness, color, and pattern of projection and cut lines by selecting Override for
Lines.
Change the visibility, color, and pattern of projection and cut patterns by selecting Override for
Patterns.
Make an object category halftone and/or transparent and change the detail level to course,
medium, or fine by selecting Halftone, Transparent, and Detail Level check boxes, respectively.
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You can also control the line styles for edges that are common to two layers of differing layer functions.
If both layers are drawn using the same line styles, the properties assigned to common edges are used.
Object Styles
Object styles define line weight, colors, patterns, and materials for different categories and
subcategories of objects or imported geometry layers. You control object styles using the Object Styles
dialog box. You can access this dialog box from the Settings drop-down on the Project Settings panel of
the Manage tab. You can also access the Object Styles dialog box from the Visibility/Graphics Overrides
dialog box.
The definitions specified in the Object Styles dialog box are applied to the entire project unless they
are overridden in specific views using the Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog box.
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View Templates
View templates contain the standard settings of a view. Revit has default view templates that you can
apply to views, and you can also create your own view templates for specific view conditions.
The following illustration shows the View Templates dialog box, which you access by selecting View
Template Settings from the View Templates drop-down on the Graphics panel of the View tab.
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When you use the Project Browser to create a new view template from an existing view, you first set
up the desired view settings in the current active view. You can then apply this view template to all
views requiring the same view settings. For example, you may have several brace frame elevation
views in your model, but you only want to display the steel beams, columns, and braces and hide the
floor slabs and walls. Instead of hiding the slab and wall elements separately for each view, you can
create a view template and apply it once to all brace frame elevations.
Views and view templates are not associatively linked. Therefore, views created
using view templates are not updated when you change a template. To update a
view if a template changes, reapply the template.
Hiding Elements
Revit provides different options to hide elements that are not applicable to the current view and to
change the graphical display of a model object. You access these options by selecting Hide in View
from the shortcut menu of an element. Similarly, the graphics of a selected group of elements can be
overridden by the elements.
The following table describes the three options that you can use for hiding or modifying the display of
elements in a view.
Option
Description
Elements
Category
Applies to the entire category of elements. This is the same as clearing the
element category check box in the Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog box.
By Filter
You can use the Reveal Hidden Elements option on the View Control Bar to quickly
view the hidden elements in the current view.
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Using Filters
You use filters to override the graphic display and visibility of objects based on specific criteria and
common properties of elements in a view. After creating the filter, you apply it to a plan view.
Visibility by Filter
You use filters to have an effect on objects that fulfill the filter criteria. You can define filter criteria or
you can select individual objects to include in the filter. You can create a filter, add categories to it, and
set a filter by rule. This allows you to control the objects that are visible and specify how these objects
will appear in a particular view. For example, you can change the display of all the joists by assigning
them to a filter and overriding the visibility graphics of the view to display them in halftone red.
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Select whether to define the criteria, select them, or use the current selection.
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In the Filters dialog box, under Categories, select one or more categories to be included in the
filter. The categories that you select determine the parameters that are available in the Filter By
lists.
In the Filters dialog box, under Filter Rules, select the parameter by which you want to filter
from the Filter By list.
If the parameter by which you want to filter is not in the list, click More Parameters to view
additional parameters or to create a custom parameter.
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In the Filters dialog box, under Filter Rules, select a filter criterion from the list below the Filter By
list.
Enter a value beginning with the filter criterion symbol in the field below the filter criteria field.
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While using the Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog box, move the dialog box to one side so that
you can see most of the view window.
Click Apply before closing the Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog box to see the changes. This
allows you to check your override settings and make repeated changes more quickly.
To customize the appearance of objects in all the views of the structural model, override the
appearance for the desired structural model categories in the Object Styles dialog box. If you want
the desired display characteristics for model objects to appear in all projects, save the Object
Styles settings in your project templates. This saves time when you start new projects.
When working on a project having linked Revit models, use the options on the Revit Links
Categories tab in the Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog box. This allows you to easily control the
visibility of objects in linked files by using the host file view, the linked file view, or custom settings.
When you work with linked structural models from different architects, nonstructural objects,
such as architectural walls, do not display by default in structural views. These structural views
include the plan, elevation, section, and 3D views. To set the default visibility characteristics of
views, use the Discipline instance property of views. You can set the Discipline instance property
of a view to Structural, Architectural, or Coordination to control the visibility of nonstructural
items. When the Discipline value of a view is set to Structural, the nonstructural walls do not
appear. This helps you simplify views for working while keeping an architectural model linked.
To repeat the same graphical adjustments on a number of views, automate the process by
creating and assigning view templates. You use view templates to apply view settings to multiple
views.
Specific view settings can be included or excluded from a view template. For example, if the scale
setting is excluded from a view template, it can then be applied to views of various scales.
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Click OK.
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Click OK.
Notice that the floors are hidden and the
foundations appear in halftone.
Close the file without saving changes.
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Elevation view
Section view
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Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Describe elevation and section views.
Control the visibility of elevation and section tags.
State the recommended practices for working with elevation and section views.
Work with elevation and section views.
Framing elevation views orient to grids or reference plane elevations and are set to a view depth of six
inches (150 mm) or less, by default. Framing elevations are commonly used for adding vertical bracing
to structural models. Building elevations orient themselves to the nearest wall, by default. They
can be used to create a foundation wall elevation for showing openings and steps in the foundation
to accommodate the site grade. Different symbols are used to distinguish framing elevations from
building elevations.
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The following illustrations show the building and framing elevation symbols.
When you start a project with the default template, four elevations are automatically created: north,
south, east, and west. You can create additional elevation views, when required. Elevation views are
designated in plan views using elevation tags.
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You can place reference sections in the plan, elevation, section, drafting, and callout views. When you
add a reference section to a model, a new view is not created.
There is no parametric relationship between the reference section and the referenced view.
Therefore, when you resize the section line of a reference section, it does not affect the crop region of
the referenced view.
The following illustration shows a reference section that is based on an existing section.
Elevation Controls
Elevation controls are displayed when you select an elevation of a plan by clicking the square part in
an elevation tag. These controls enable you to specify or control various aspects of an elevation. You
can use elevation controls to:
Create up to four elevation views by selecting the check box in each quadrant.
Drag the elevation to a new location by using the cursor drag indicator.
The following illustration shows a selected elevation tag and the elevation controls.
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Section Controls
Section controls are displayed when you select a section line of a plan. You can use section controls to:
Toggle the section symbol by using the cycle section head and tail controls.
Reverse the direction of the section by using the flip section control.
Divide the section line into segments by using the break control.
The following illustration shows a selected section tag and the section controls.
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A break in a section line is view-specific and affects the display of the section only in
the view in which the break was made.
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You can use the Far Clipping parameter of an elevation view to specify how the view represents its clip
depth on the faces of objects that are oblique to the view. The Far Clipping parameter of an elevation
view has three options: No Clip, Clip Without Line, and Clip with Line. You can access these options by
clicking the value field for the Far Clipping parameter in the Instance Properties dialog box.
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The following illustration shows the options of the Far Clipping parameter.
You can use the Far Clipping parameter of a section view to specify how the view represents its clip
depth on the faces of objects that are oblique to the view. The Far Clipping parameter of a section
view has three options: No Clip, Clip Without Line, and Clip with Line.
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Wall elevation view showing an opening Building section view showing walls, footings, and a roof
created in a wall
slab
In the view window, select the elevation symbol arrowhead or the section line.
Click Modify Views tab > Element panel > Element Properties.
In the Instance Properties dialog box, for the Hide at Scales Coarser Than parameter, select a
value from the Value list.
On the View Control Bar, specify a view scale.
In the view window, verify that the elevation or section tag is not visible for a view scale coarser
than the specified value.
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Create external elevation views of a building from the four main directions and save them in your
project templates. This saves setup time during the design development process because you can
reuse the existing elevation views.
Create temporary elevation and section views for study or for aid in the design development
process. Temporary views can be created quickly and deleted immediately after they serve their
purpose. Effective use of temporary views speeds up your work and improves accuracy.
Prefix the view names with meaningful descriptions while creating temporary elevation and
section views. This practice enables you and other design team members to distinguish temporary
views from the views that are placed on drawing sheets.
Pin a view tag in place before adding text, detail components, and other annotations to the view.
Pinning prevents the view tag from being moved inadvertently and affecting the extents of the
view.
Reference similar views that have already been created, whenever applicable. This reduces the
amount of detailing and annotation required but still conveys the design intent.
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Open i_rst_essentials_wall_elev_sect.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_wall_elev_sect.rvt. The file
opens in the BASEMENT structural plan view.
In the view window, zoom in to the bottom
wall.
Click View tab > Create panel > Elevation dropdown > Building Elevation.
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BASEMENT
{3D}
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Describe 3D views.
Identify the options for navigating through a 3D view.
Describe cameras.
Create and modify 3D views.
Change material properties of elements in a 3D view.
State the recommended practices for working with 3D views.
Work with 3D views.
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About 3D Views
You can represent the structure of a model by using 3D views, which can be rendered with textures
and colors. These views help demonstrate the forms and functions of the structural elements in a
model and clearly explain your design vision.
Definition of 3D View
A 3D view displays the 3D representation of an object from an eye or camera position. You can create
two types of 3D views, perspective and orthographic. A perspective view uses the laws of perspective,
whereas an orthographic view uses parallel projection. You can create a section box in a perspective
or orthographic view to display only a specific part of a model or an object.
Perspective Views
A perspective view displays the 3D view of an object as it appears in a lens, from an eye or camera
position. In a perspective view, the objects that are at a greater distance from the camera position
appear smaller than the objects that are closer to the camera, even if they are all of the same size.
The receding parallel lines in a perspective view converge to a vanishing point.
Orthographic Views
An orthographic view displays the 3D view of an object from an eye or camera position, where each
point in the view is perpendicular to the viewing plane. In an orthographic view, objects of similar size
appear to have the same size irrespective of their distance from the camera position. The receding
parallel lines in an orthographic view remain parallel and do not converge to a vanishing point.
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Example of 3D Views
The following illustrations show the various 3D views of the structure of a building model.
Perspective view
Orthographic view
Section box
Control grips
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Mouse Navigation
A mouse wheel provides the zoom, pan, and orbit controls in a 3D view. The pan and orbit controls
allow you to orient a particular view to give you the required view.
You move the mouse wheel to zoom in and zoom out from a view. You can also use the CTRL key and
the mouse wheel to zoom. To pan the view (side-to-side), you hold down the mouse wheel. To orbit in
a view, you use the mouse wheel and the SHIFT key simultaneously.
The following table describes the options on the three Steering Wheels.
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Wheel
Buttons
Description
Full navigation
wheel
Orbit
Zoom
Pan
Rewind
Wheel
View object
wheel
Tour building
wheel
Buttons
Description
Center
Walk
Look
Up/Down
Center
Zoom
Rewind
Orbit
Forward
Look
Rewind
Up/Down
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You control the appearance of Steering Wheels using the Options dialog box.
The following illustration shows the SteeringWheels tab in the Options dialog box.
Compass
Cube
To orient the view toward a specific direction, you select and drag the appropriate compass direction
indicator. You can place the cursor over the compass and then select and drag the model on the
ground plane. You can also orbit the model by selecting and dragging any part of the cube. To orient
the view, you select any named face, edge, or corner of the cube. To return the view to its original
position, you select the home icon.
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You control the appearance of the view cube using the Options dialog box. The following illustration
shows the ViewCube tab in the Options dialog box.
About Cameras
To create a 3D view, you add a camera to a project and focus the camera on the model in views such
as floor plan and elevation. After you add a camera to a project, you can move either the camera or
the view target to change the 3D view of the project. You can also set and modify the properties of 3D
views and save the views.
Definition of Camera
A camera presents a scene from a particular point of view. Camera objects simulate still-image, motion
picture, or video cameras in the real world.
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Rotating 3D Views
The target point defines the axis of rotation for a 3D view. You can rotate a 3D view about this axis by
modifying the camera level and its focal point. When you change the model in a 3D view, the changes
also occur in other views. You can tile all the open views in the view window to watch the changes
simultaneously. In plan or elevations views, you can make the cameras of 3D views visible. You can
also modify camera position and target points.
Modifying 3D Views
You can modify 3D views by setting their properties, such as display parameter values, view scales,
and crop region.
You can change the crop region, which defines the boundaries for the 3D views, by moving the top,
bottom, right, and left clip planes.
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102
Open the plan, elevation, or section view in which you want to place the camera.
Click View tab > Create panel > 3D View drop-down > Camera.
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3.
Set the camera level and Offset, which is set by default to the height of the eye above the
level of the view.
Note: These options are not available in the section or elevation view.
Place the camera and drag the target point.
Set the camera target.
4.
5.
Note: The Project Browser contains a default name, such as 3D View 1 or 3D View 2, for the
newly created 3D perspective view. You can rename the view.
4.
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Click Duplicate in the Materials dialog box to add a new material to the existing
materials list.
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Material Colors
You can use the Materials dialog box to define steel materials with different colors to quickly
distinguish between the physical properties of the materials. For example, you can use the color RED
for A992 steel, YELLOW for A500 steel and BLUE for A36 steel.
Under Surface Pattern, select a pattern for the surface. Click the button corresponding to
color to change the color of the surface pattern.
Note: You can also specify a cut pattern for the material. Cut patterns are displayed only in plan,
section, and 3D section box views.
3.
4.
5.
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6.
On the Render Appearance tab, click Replace to modify the texture of the material.
7.
In the Render Appearance Library dialog box, select the desired texture from the list of
predefined textures available for the material. You can filter the texture list using the Class list.
8.
In the Materials dialog box, on the Render Appearance tab, adjust the properties of the selected
texture, such as Reflectivity and Transparency.
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Create copies of the default 3D view in the Project Browser and save them in different orientations
using the Orient options on the view cube drop-down. If you save the views in the project
templates, you can reuse these views from different directions simultaneously in a project without
setting them individually.
Create a 3D view quickly from an existing 2D view by right-clicking the view cube and selecting
Orient to a View from the shortcut menu. This defines the extent of the section box property of
the 3D view to match the cropped region and view depth of the existing 2D view.
Create view templates and apply them to 3D views. For example, you can make roofs and walls
transparent and apply these conditions to one or more 3D views for presentation or model study
purposes.
Check structural models in 3D view for interference conditions and gaps. For example, you can use
the default 3D view tool to create a view that you spin to look underneath a model, for viewing
foundations and footings. You can then delete the view, if required. This helps you check the
structural model for errors that are not visible in other views.
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3.
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5.
Open i_rst_essentials_3d_views.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_3d_views.rvt. The file opens
in the default 3D view.
Note: The illustrations for the metric dataset
will be slightly different from those shown here.
Click Manage tab > Project Settings panel >
Materials.
In the left pane of the Materials dialog box,
select Metal - Steel from the list.
In the right pane of the Materials dialog box,
on the Graphics tab, under Shading, click the
button corresponding to color.
In the Color dialog box:
4.
Click OK.
In the view window, notice that the roof deck
becomes partially transparent and you can view
the framing through it.
Click OK.
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Click OK.
Notice that a section box is displayed around
the building model in the view window.
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Click OK.
Zoom to fit to view the entire model.
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Chapter
4
Starting a New Project
A project is a database of information for the design of a structural model. In this chapter, you learn
how to set up a project and transfer standards between projects. You also learn how to add and
modify levels and grids in a structural model.
Chapter Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
Chapter Overview
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Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
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Describe projects.
Create project templates.
State the recommended practices for creating project template files.
Set up a project and transfer project standards.
About Projects
A project provides essential information, such as the size and location of elements, materials used,
and annotations contained in a structural model. The display settings in a project file determine the
appearance of the structural model in different views. Based on the design requirements, you can
customize the default settings of a project. Typically, a project file is based on a template that provides
settings, such as material and display settings, for starting the project.
You can customize the predefined project templates, if required. You can also start a project without
using a template.
Definition of Projects
A project is a database of information for the design of a structural model. It includes the entire
structural design and the associated documentation. Additionally, a project provides complete
information about various parametric components that are required to represent a structural model in
standard dimensional views and in schedules.
A project file contains all the information related to the design of a structural model, from geometry to
construction data.
Project Templates
Project templates help you standardize projects by providing the initial conditions, such as the units,
object styles, text types, and standard views. You can select a project template from the template
library or you can save a project and use it as a new project template. New projects inherit the
families, settings, and geometry from the template they use.
By default, a new project is created with the Structural Analysis-default.rte (Structural AnalysisDefaultMetric.rte) template file. The view properties and ranges in this template are set up to work
specifically with structural elements. The structural template provides view types for viewing both the
analytical and physical models.
You can work with structural elements in projects that are based on nonstructural
templates.
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Browser Organization
The Project Browser lists all the views, families, sheets, and groups that are contained in a project. You
can customize the organization of project views and sheets in the Project Browser to group them into
folders. You can also set filters to limit the types of views and sheets that are displayed. Additionally,
you can specify the order in which the views and sheets are displayed in the Project Browser.
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Project Information
You can specify project information, such as the project issue date, address, status, and client name,
using the Project Information option. The project information is displayed in titleblock labels, which
are automatically updated when you modify the project information. You can view the updated
titleblock labels in the sheet view containing the titleblocks.
Project Parameters
Project parameters are the attributes that you define and then add to categories of elements in a
project. Such parameters are specific to a project and cannot be shared with other projects. If you
want to share parameters across multiple projects, you need to create shared parameters.
You can use project parameters in both single- and multi-category schedules. Parameters store
and track information about one or more categories of elements in a project. The commonly used
parameters are already set up in the software. For system families, the parameters are set up in the
template files by default. For standard component families, the family parameters are set up as part of
the component families.
Projects that are created using a template file automatically inherit the parameters that are part of the
used template file. You can add more parameters, if required.
You can selectively copy settings from a source to a target project. An object that is not explicitly
marked for copying but is referenced by a copied object is also copied to the target project. For
example, if you select a wall type, but do not copy the material specified for the wall, the material is
automatically copied with the wall type.
When you transfer project standards, family types in the target project are not
overwritten. Line weights and materials are overwritten when project standards are
transferred. For example, if you copy a wall named Wall Type 18 to a project that
already contains a wall type with the same name, the existing wall type in the target
project is not overwritten.
119
Project parameters
120
View Templates
Views and their controls are very important for working effectively in Revit Structure. You can create
templates for different view types to hold settings and then apply these templates to views.
For more information on project template standards, refer to the Revit Structure
Help.
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4.
Create model element system family types for walls, floors, and other system families that you
intend to use frequently in forthcoming projects.
Note: The model element system families define the graphical representation and visibility
parameters, such as line color, line pattern, and material, of the structural elements.
Define the parameters for different line types, such as thin lines and wide lines.
Create grids, levels, and views that you intend to use frequently in forthcoming projects.
Note: Based on the project requirements, you can define the settings for an element by selecting
the corresponding options on the Manage tab. Use the list of project standards that can be
transferred between projects as a guide.
Load families that you want to use in forthcoming projects. It is not necessary to load all families.
Save the template with the .rte extension.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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Use the list of project standards as a guide for creating a project template file. A list of project
standards includes the system families, standards, and settings that should be set up in a project
template file. You should standardize the formatting for elements, such as text and dimensions, in
the project template file to maintain consistency throughout projects. Following this practice also
saves project setup time.
Set up and organize commonly used sheets in the Project Browser so that the sheets can be used
for placing views and other information that you need to include as part of the construction
drawings. This practice helps you save time during the documentation phase of a project.
Create and include commonly used schedules in project template files to save setup time.
Include model and detail component families, detail components, filled regions, and repeating
detail system families in project template files. This practice saves time and reduces the chances of
errors when a structural design is transferred from the model development phase to the detailing
and documentation phase.
Avoid loading excess content into template files. This can increase the file size and affect its
performance. Load only the content applicable to the projects for which the template is being
created. For example, if you are creating a standard template to be used on steel projects, load
only the common beam and columns sections. There is no need to load all the standard steel
sections because additional steel sizes can be loaded as the structure is built.
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124
2.
3.
2.
Click Edit.
In the Browser Organization Properties dialog
box, Folders tab, verify that Discipline is
selected in the Group By list.
On the Filter tab:
Click Open.
In the New Project dialog box, click OK. Notice
that on the application window title bar, a
default project name, which includes a project
number, is displayed for the new project.
Note: The project number can vary depending
on the number of projects you have created in
the current session.
3.
4.
4.
125
4.
5.
2.
3.
2.
3.
Click OK.
Close the Instance Properties dialog box.
4.
126
Open i_rst_essentials_getting_started.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_getting_started.rvt. This
is the target project to which you transfer
standards.
On the Project Settings panel, click Transfer
Project Standards.
Click OK.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Click OK.
Open the Browser Organization dialog box.
In the Browser Organization dialog box, Views
tab:
Click Edit.
In the Browser Organization Properties dialog
box, Filter tab, verify that the filter applied is
the same as that applied to the project you
created earlier.
Click OK to close each dialog box.
Close all files without saving changes.
127
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
128
Describe levels.
Identify the steps to add and modify levels.
State the recommended practices for adding and modifying levels.
Add levels to a project.
About Levels
Levels define the vertical position and extents of structural elements in a project. Levels also form the
horizontal plane for structural plan views. You can constrain columns, beams, and walls to levels so
that they move when a level changes height.
When you create a new project with a default template such as Structural Analysis-Default.rte or
Structural Analysis-DefaultMetric.rte, two levels are automatically created, Level 1 and Level 2.
Definition of Levels
Levels are finite horizontal planes that act as references in a structural model for level-hosted elements
such as roofs and floors. You can also use levels to define the vertical extents of walls and the vertical
placement of elements such as beams and columns.
Level Types
You use the Level tool to add new levels by sketching the required level lines in elevation or section
views. All level lines have associated labels that display the name and elevation of the level by default.
The following table describes the two level types, story and non-story.
Levels
Description
Story
Non-story
A level that does not define a floor or a roof of a building. Top of walls,
top of foundation, and column splice elevation are examples of non-story
levels. Although non-story, or reference, levels do not have corresponding
plan views, they can still act as a host for placing objects and information.
The color that represents a non-story level is black.
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If you create different level types, you can associate different symbol families with
different level types.
Constraining Objects
You use levels to constrain slabs, beams, structural columns, and walls.
The advantage of constraining columns and walls to levels is that if you change the placement of a
level, the size of all vertical objects constrained to that level changes accordingly. If you set a column
or wall constraint to a height or depth, you can later modify that constraint to a level, with or without
an offset distance.
Columns and walls have base and top constraints. If you create a column or a wall in
the default downward direction, the top constraint is set to the level of the current
view. You can set the base constraint either to a level or to a depth. If you create
columns and walls in the upward direction, you set the base to a level and define the
height.
Example of Levels
The following illustration shows the default levels in the project template file Structural AnalysisDefault.rte.
The following illustrations show examples of the story and non-story levels.
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3.
4.
5.
Click the level name displayed in the rectangle above the level line.
Enter a new name for the level.
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2.
Select or clear the check boxes at the ends of the selected level line to display or hide the legend
for the level line.
3.
Click the level height displayed in the rectangle below the level line.
4.
The display changes to 2D and the open circle changes to a filled circle.
Note: The annotation 3D indicates that if the end of the level line is moved in the current view,
the change is reflected in all the other elevation or section views in which that level is displayed.
Click the 2D control to change the control from view-specific extents to model extents. The
display changes to 3D and the filled circle changes to an open circle.
Note: The annotation 2D indicates that moving the end of the level line in the current view does
not affect other views.
Click the Add Elbow drag control symbol to offset the head from the level line.
5.
6.
The level head is offset and the Add Elbow drag control symbol changes to a filled circle.
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7.
Drag the filled circle near the level head to reposition the head.
Place frequently used levels in the project templates based on the types of construction. This helps
when you are adding predefined levels in multistory projects. You can also place levels for defining
footings, foundations, and standard heights of members in the project templates that ensure that
low-rise projects develop quickly and efficiently.
Create and use non-story levels to define intermediate heights between floor levels, such as
foundation steps and column splices. This allows you to define and flex components parametrically,
which saves time and reduces the probability of errors. The non-story levels can be hidden in the
section and elevation views using the Hide in View, Filter, and View Template tools.
Create a plan view at a given level to check structural conditions as necessary and delete the
view when you do not need it. You can create a plan view from a non-story level at any time
so that creating more levels than floors early in a project reduces the number of views in the
Project Browser while providing a vertical structure. This helps you develop a comprehensive
understanding of the structural model quickly and accurately.
Use the Array tool to quickly generate levels for a multistory building. This will save time in creating
the model. It is important to first establish the desired level name for the level used to create the
array. Revit assigns the new level names based on the established sequence. For example, if you
select Level 4 to start the array, the new levels are named Level 5, Level 6, Level 7, and so on.
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4.
5.
3.
134
Open i_rst_essentials_levels.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_levels.rvt. The file opens in
the BASEMENT structural plan view.
In the view window, double-click the triangular
edge of the North Elevation symbol to open the
North Elevation view.
6.
7.
8.
9.
135
Press ENTER.
136
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Describe grids.
Identify the methods of creating and modifying grid lines.
State the recommended practices for creating and modifying grids.
Create and modify grids.
137
About Grids
Grids form the basic framework in a structural model. Grid lines are displayed on structural plans
specifically for locating columns, walls, and framing elements.
Definition of Grids
Grids are finite vertical elements represented as lines in the plan, elevation, and section views. In a
plan view, you can draw grids using straight lines or arcs. The grids that comprise straight lines are
referred to as rectangular grids, and the grids that comprise arcs are referred to as circular grids.
However, only straight-line grids can be added in the elevation and section views. Grids do not appear
in 3D views.
To be displayed in a view, a grid line must cross the plane of the view and be orthogonal to it. The
following illustrations show examples of grids in a plan view and the corresponding section view.
138
Example of Grids
The following illustrations show examples of grids in a plan view. In a plan view, grids can be straight
lines or arcs.
Rectangular grid
Circular grid
Revit automatically names a new grid in sequence with the last grid placed. However, to change the
sequence, you can renumber grid lines while placing them. In addition, once a grid is added, you can
select it and use the Editing tools to copy, rotate, mirror, or array to add more grids and modify them.
139
Grid Controls
After placing a grid line, you can modify it using grid controls. You can view the grid controls by
selecting the grid line. You can drag a grid line to increase or decrease its length. You can also turn on
or off a grid bubble, add an elbow to a grid line, and renumber a grid line.
The following illustration shows different grid controls.
Check box to turn on or off a grid head. A similar check box also appears at the other end of the
grid. You use these check boxes to display the grid head at either or both ends of the grid line.
Grid drag control is used to adjust the length of the grid line. The grid drag control can be an
open circle or a closed dot. The open circle corresponds to 3D extents, where the length of the
grid is for all plan views unless set to 2D extent. The closed dot corresponds to 2D extents, where
the length of the grid is for the current view only.
Elbow control is used to offset the grid head from the grid line when two adjacent grid heads
overlap.
Plan view check boxes in the Propagate Datum Extents dialog box
140
If you work with similar construction projects regularly, you should place grids at default locations
in the project template. You can always delete grid lines that are not required and modify grid
spacing to suit project requirements. This helps you start projects quickly without spending time
on individual setups.
After grids are set and are not likely to change, pin the location of the grids to prevent them from
being moved accidentally. To pin the location of grids, select the grid line and use the Pin tool on
the Modify panel of the Modify Grids tab.
After you add the grids, lock the dimensions between grids to fix the spacing between grid lines.
This prevents the grids from being changed inadvertently when you are working in the model.
If your projects use graphical column schedules that are based on grid intersections, add
intersecting grid lines at all column locations. This ensures that the columns appear in the graphical
column schedule.
When working on a project, add all level elements before adding grid lines. This is because the
grid lines placed in a plan view will extend vertically to the lowest and highest levels in elevation. If
more levels are added after the grids are placed, the grids need to be stretched accordingly in the
elevations. Therefore, adding level elements before grid lines saves time.
Control the extent of grids using a scope box. This enables you to extend multiple grids
simultaneously and save time.
When an architect is also using Revit, you can link the architects model to yours and simply copy
grids directly from the linked architectural model using the Copy/Monitor tool. You can then
use automated coordination tools to monitor the location of the copied grid lines with those in
the linked architectural model. These tools are also available for level, column, wall, and floor
elements. These tools enable you to save considerable time when starting the structural model
and facilitate coordination throughout the project.
For more information on Working with Linked Models, see the Revit Help.
141
Example
The following illustration shows an example of pinning the location of grids to prevent them from
being moved accidentally.
142
1.
Open i_rst_essentials_grids.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_grids.rvt. The file opens in
the BASEMENT structural plan view. Notice
the imported CAD file that you can use as a
template.
Note: For more information regarding
importing and linking CAD files, refer to the
Interoperability section of the Revit Help menu.
143
2.
3.
4.
8.
9.
10.
5.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Press ENTER.
Notice that the grid bubble in the CAD file is
partially visible through the bubble of the new
grid line A. This is because the grid bubble size
in Revit is different.
Zoom in to the column located to the right of
the door to the Boiler Room.
Click Place Grid tab > Draw panel > Line.
6.
7.
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3.
4.
5.
16. Exit the Grid tool.
17. In the view window, move the cursor over the
CAD file and select it when the tooltip displays
Walls_arch.dwg : Import Symbol : Location
<Not Shared>.
18. To begin hiding the layers in the CAD file, click
Modify Walls_arch.dwg tab > Import Instance
panel > Query.
19. In the view window:
6.
Press ESC.
145
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
146
3.
4.
Click OK.
11. Exit the selection set.
Note: Instead of using the scope box, you
can also stretch the grid lines manually using
the drag controls. When you drag grid lines
manually, locked grid lines extend together.
4.
5.
6.
147
7.
8.
148
Chapter
5
Creating Structural Columns and
Walls
Structural columns, walls, and their associated foundations and pilasters are an integral part of the
primary structural framing system for buildings. Common structural column families come preloaded
in the default project template.
In this chapter, you learn how to work with structural columns, create structural walls and new wall
types in a plan view, and add foundations, pilasters, and an elevator pit.
Chapter Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
Chapter Overview
149
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
150
Description
Steel
Predefined steel column families are available, such as Double C-ChannelColumn, HSS-Hollow Structural Section-Column, HSS-Round Hollow
Structural Section-Column, WWF-Welded Wide Flange-Column, and WWide Flange-Column.
You select a standard steel size from a type catalog to load it into the
project.
Predefined light gauge steel column families are available, such as Light
Gauge-Angles-Column, Light Gauge-Channel Studs-Column, Light GaugeRunner Channels-Column, Light Gauge-Studs-Column, and Light GaugeZees-Column.
You select a standard light gauge steel size from a type catalog to load it
into the project.
151
Material
Description
Concrete
Predefined concrete column families are available, such as ConcreteRectangular-Column, Concrete-Round-Column, and Concrete-SquareColumn.
A type catalog is not available for concrete columns. After loading the
family into the project, you can create additional types by duplicating
existing types and modifying the predefined parameters.
Precast Concrete
Predefined precast concrete column families are available, such as PrecastRectangular Column, Precast-Rectangular Column with Corbels, and
Precast-Square Column.
A type catalog is not available for precast concrete columns. After loading
the family into the project, you can create additional types by duplicating
existing types and modifying the predefined parameters.
Wood
Steel column
152
Concrete column
Wood column
Click Insert tab > Load from Library panel > Load Family.
In the Load Family dialog box, browse to Structural > Columns > Steel or Concrete.
In the Load Family dialog box, select the required structural column family.
4.
In the Specify Types dialog box, select the required structural column types if you are loading
steel columns.
Click Home tab > Structure panel > Column drop-down > Structural Column.
Click Place Structural Column tab > Element panel > Element Properties drop-down > Type
Properties.
153
3.
4.
5.
154
Option
Tag
Description
Adds a tag to the element being placed.
Rotate After
Placement
Height/Depth
Constraint
The At Columns tool allows you to place structural columns inside selected architectural columns. The
On Grids tool allows you to place structural columns at the intersection of selected grid lines. The On
Grids tool automatically associates the columns with the grid intersections, and the columns move
with the grid lines.
155
Column Style
You use the Instance Properties dialog box to change the style and parameters of the columns that
you place in a structural model.
The following illustration shows a typical Vertical column constrained to grid line 4.2. This column will
stretch if the grid line moves or the levels change in elevation.
The following illustration shows a Slanted - End Point Driven column with the top associated with grid
line 4 and the bottom associated with grid line 4.2. This column will stretch if the grid lines move or
the levels change in elevation.
156
The following illustration shows a Slanted - End Point Driven column with Top Offset set to 3' 0" to
demonstrate that the top of the column is associated and constrained to grid line 4. This column will
stretch if the grid lines move or the levels change in elevation, and the angle of the column will adjust
accordingly. However, the 3' 0" offset will remain constant.
The following illustration shows a Slanted - Angle Driven column with Top Offset set to 3' 0" to
demonstrate that the top of the column is not associated and constrained to grid line 4. This column
will stretch if grid line 4.2 moves or the levels change in the elevation. However, the column will not
stretch if grid line 4 moves. The column angle and the 3' 0" offset will remain constant.
157
3.
4.
158
Check the properties of the view and the placement options on the Options Bar when you place
structural columns. This helps you work accurately and quickly.
Pin columns in position to prevent inadvertent movement of the columns. To pin columns, use the
Pin tool on the Modify panel of the Modify Structural Column contextual tab. If a pinned column
is not located on a grid, you cannot move the column until the column is unpinned. If the pinned
column is located on a grid, the column moves with the movement of the grid but does not move
away from it until unpinned. You can also pin grid lines, if required.
Add structural columns using the On Grids placement tool instead of adding them individually.
You can add columns at all grid intersections and then delete the ones you do not need. Columns
placed at grid intersections are automatically associated with the intersecting grid lines and move
with them. Therefore, you do not need to pin the columns to the grid intersections individually.
Place a dimension between the centerline of the columns and the grid lines and lock the
dimensions using the padlock to manually constrain columns off the grid lines to the nearest grid
line. You can also delete the dimensions. When you delete a dimension, a warning is displayed
stating that the constraints can be maintained even if the dimension is deleted. This eliminates the
need to create grid lines for every column.
159
160
7.
8.
9.
6.
Open i_rst_essentials_columns.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_columns.rvt. The file opens in
the FIRST FLR. structural plan view.
In the view window, zoom in to the grid line C.
Click Home tab > Structure panel > Column
drop-down > Structural Column.
Select W-Wide Flange-Column : W10x49
(M_W-Wide Flange-Column : W250X73) from
the Type Selector drop-down.
On the Options Bar:
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162
4.
163
5.
6.
7.
164
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
165
For more information on Curtain Walls and Stacked Walls, refer to Revit Help.
166
Wall Layers
Walls contain layers that correspond to the structure of wall systems. All layers within the wall element
have a definite purpose. For example, in a metal stud over CMU wall type, the concrete masonry
unit layer provides structural support, the air and insulation layers act as thermal barriers, and metal
studs hold a gypsum wallboard finish. Each wall layer has specific function, material, and thickness
parameters, which you can modify based on your requirements. Revit automatically detects the
characteristics of each layer and matches each characteristic to the appropriate function.
The following illustration shows the different wall layers in a structural wall.
167
The behavior of the wall at inserts and ends, such as doors, windows and openings, and at
physical ends of the wall.
The wall function that is used to schedule walls in the structural model.
You change the type parameters of a structural wall using the Edit Assembly dialog box, which can be
accessed by selecting Edit for the Structure parameter in the Type Properties dialog box.
168
You can add or remove layers from a wall assembly and create wall types by duplicating an existing
type and modifying its structure.
169
The following illustration shows a wall assembly with the interior and exterior finishes in the Edit
Assembly dialog box. In the wall assembly, layers 1 and 8 correspond to the exterior and interior finish
face, respectively. Layer 5 represents the structural portion of the wall contained within the core
boundary layers.
You can display a preview of the wall structure by clicking Preview at the bottom of
the Edit Assembly dialog box.
Location Line
Structural Usage
You can change the instance parameters for a structural wall using the Instance Properties dialog box
and the Options Bar.
170
Location Line
A location line represents a vertical plane in the wall. This parameter is independent of the wall type
and does not change if the wall type is changed. You can specify the location line of a wall using any of
the following options:
Wall Centerline
Core Centerline
Wall parameters of a wall constrained between the basement and the second floor
After you specify the base constraint of a wall, you may also specify a value for base offset. This sets
the bottom of the wall elevation below the floor by a certain distance to reach the foundation.
171
nonbearing. Nonbearing walls do not appear in structural views. You can change the Structural Usage
parameter any time.
For more information on the Structural Usage parameter, refer to Revit Help.
Option
Height or Depth
Chain
Description
Sets height or depth to create structural walls going up (Height) or down
(Depth) from the current level.
Attaches the top or bottom of a structural wall to a level. Select
Unconnected to specify the height of the wall.
Sets the wall alignment constraint to center, core, or face of the wall. You can
change the location line after the wall is placed.
Creates structural walls in succession.
Offset
Radius
Constraint
Location Line
Definition of Pilasters
Pilasters are columns that are integral with a wall. You add pilasters to structural walls as structural
columns, which integrate with walls when their materials are the same. You can model pilasters using
the Structural Columns or short Structural Wall segments.
You can also use intersecting structural walls to add wall pilasters. The height and depth parameters of
pilasters can be set independent of the height and depth of the wall to which they are attached.
172
Use the Structural Column tool and not the Architectural Column tool from the
Column drop-down to create pilasters because architectural columns do not contain
analytical model components or properties.
Example of Pilasters
The following illustration shows the difference between pilasters created by adding a concrete wall and
column.
173
4.
174
5.
6.
Use the tools on the Edit panel of the Modify tab to create a continuous closed loop with gaps or
overlap.
Note: The wall profile must be a continuous closed loop without any overlapping or gaps
between the lines. Any continuous closed loop within the overall closed loop will create an
opening in the wall.
Click Modify Walls > Edit Profile tab > Wall panel > Finish Wall.
To modify the type parameters for a set of structural walls, create a new structural wall family type
from an existing type, change the required type parameters, and then apply the new type to the
structural walls that need to be changed. This prevents you from unintentionally modifying other
structural walls of the original family type.
When setting the location line of a wall, place the location line at the appropriate location
(centerline or face) that you want in the structural model. Walls have interior and exterior
orientation, and the direction you move the cursor determines the direction in which the wall
faces. This allows you to change the wall thickness or orientation and maintain its correct location
in the plan.
Model structural walls to their intended height both in the plan and elevation views instead of
modeling individual segments of walls from floor to floor. You can always split walls or use a
stacked wall type if the wall changes thickness as it increases in height. This approach allows you to
keep the structural model simple and provides more accurate placement.
When adding pilasters, use structural columns or intersecting structural walls for the pilaster so
that an analytical model line or surface is created for the pilaster elements. You should also verify
which of these pilaster elements will be recognized by your analysis and design software to save
time and reduce cost during the analysis phase.
When creating wall openings, use the door and window elements for standard openings. You can
then make changes to the opening size by modifying the properties of existing types or duplicating
and creating a new type. This saves time because once the standard opening types are created
they can be copied or placed throughout the model. For non-standard and unique openings, edit
the profile of the wall.
To model special conditions at wall intersections that should not join, such as a concrete cold joint
where the walls are not cast in the same pour, you should disallow joins at the ends of walls by
using the Disallow Join option. This allows you to build the structural model accurately and reduce
the time spent on drafting.
175
Example
The following illustration shows the intersection of concrete walls in a plan view with monolithic
wall construction and cold joint construction. Using a cold joint construction allows you to build the
structural model accurately and reduce the time spent on drafting.
Monolithic wall construction where wall Cold joint construction where the right end of the
ends are allowed to join (default setting) horizontal walls is set to Disallow Join
176
1.
2.
3.
Open i_rst_essentials_wall_concepts.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_wall_concepts.rvt. The file
opens in the BASEMENT structural plan view.
Click Home tab > Structure panel > Wall dropdown > Structural Wall.
Select Basic Wall : Exterior - 10" Concrete (Basic
Wall : Exterior - 250mm Concrete) from the
Type Selector drop-down.
177
Select Concrete.
Click OK.
15. Click OK to close all open dialog boxes.
Notice that the Structural Wall tool is still active
and the Basic Wall : Exterior - 12" Concrete
(Basic Wall : Exterior - 300mm Concrete) wall is
selected in the Type Selector drop-down.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click OK.
In the Type Properties dialog box, under
Construction, for Structure, click Edit.
In the Edit Assembly dialog box, for Thickness of
Structure [1], enter 12" (300 mm).
5.
6.
7.
10. In the Edit Assembly dialog box:
Click [].
8.
9.
10.
Click OK.
12. In the Edit Assembly dialog box, click OK.
13. In the Type Properties dialog box, under
Graphics:
Click [].
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11.
12.
13.
Click OK.
Open the Edit Assembly dialog box for
modifying the structural wall.
In the Edit Assembly dialog box, for Structure
[1]:
Click OK.
In the Edit Assembly dialog box, click OK.
Open the Fill Patterns dialog box for Coarse
Scale Fill Pattern.
In the Fill Patterns dialog box:
Click OK.
Click OK to close all open dialog boxes.
In the Type Selector drop-down, notice the new
entries for Basic Wall : Exterior - 12" Concrete
(Basic Wall : Exterior - 300mm Concrete) and
Basic Wall : Interior - 8" CMU (Basic Wall :
Interior - 190mm CMU).
Close the file without saving changes.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Open i_rst_essentials_structural_walls.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_structural_walls.rvt. The file
opens in the SECOND FLR. structural plan view.
Activate the Structural Wall tool.
Select Basic Wall : Exterior - 12" Concrete (Basic
Wall : Exterior - 300mm Concrete) from the
Type Selector drop-down.
On the Draw panel, ensure that the Line tool is
selected.
179
5.
6.
13. To align the new wall with the wall line in the
CAD file, click Modify tab > Edit panel > Align.
14. On the Options Bar, verify that Wall Faces is
selected from the Prefer list.
15. In the view window:
Click OK.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
181
5.
6.
8.
9.
182
Click OK.
In the Type Properties dialog box, under
Dimensions:
Click OK.
To align the left edge of the window opening to
grid line B, click Modify Windows tab > Modify
panel > Move.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
6.
7.
17. Press ESC to clear the selection.
3.
4.
5.
8.
183
1.
2.
3.
Open
i_rst_essentials_structural_walls_pilasters.rvt
or
m_rst_essentials_structural_walls_pilasters.rvt.
The file opens in the BASEMENT structural plan
view.
Click Home tab > Structure panel > Column
drop-down > Structural Column.
Select Concrete-Square-Column : 24 x 24
(M_Concrete-Square-Column : 600 x 600mm)
from the Type Selector drop-down.
184
4.
5.
7.
Click OK.
Click OK in the Instance Properties dialog box.
Click the intersection of grid lines A.5 and 2 to
add a 16" x 16" (400mm x 400mm) pilaster to
the masonry wall.
8.
9.
6.
7.
8.
Click OK.
11. Enter ZE to zoom to extents.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Click [].
In the Materials dialog box:
Click OK.
This changes the material property only for this
column instance.
Click OK to close the Instance Properties dialog
box.
To begin aligning the lower face of the pilaster
with the lower face of the masonry wall,
activate the Align tool.
In the view window, click the lower face of the
masonry wall next to the pilaster and the lower
face of the pilaster in succession.
185
186
Chapter
6
Creating Frames
Revit provides various tools and libraries that help you model and manipulate common structural
components used for frames and floors systems. In this chapter, you learn how to add floor framing,
steel moment frames, and braced frames to a structural model. You also learn to work with beams and
beam systems, and concrete beams.
Chapter Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
Chapter Overview
187
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
188
189
190
About Beams
Beams are elements that form the primary support structure for a floor. When you add beams to a
plan view of a structural model, they are annotated with a tag that moves with the beam by default.
Definition of Beams
Beams are framing elements that can be attached to vertical structural elements, such as columns and
structural walls, in a structural model. You add beams after the columns and structural walls have been
modeled.
Structural Usage
Beams are assigned a Structural Usage property based on their function in a structural model. By
default, Revit Structure assigns the Structural Usage property to a beam automatically, based on the
structural elements that support the beam. However, after a beam is placed in a model, the structural
usages can be changed using the instance properties of the beam element.
The following table describes the structural usages that Revit automatically assigns to beams.
Structural Usage
Description
Girder
Joist
Purlin
191
You can also define the graphical representation of structural framing by assigning line weights
according to structural usage. This can be done for the entire project in the Object Styles dialog box or
for each view in the Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog box. For example, the girders can be shown at
a heavier line weight than the joists in the Object Styles dialog box, as shown.
Add additional beams by using editing tools, such as Copy, Mirror, and Array.
When adding beams to a structural model, you can frame the beam ends to structural columns,
concrete or masonry bearing walls, and other beam elements.
3D Snaps
You can create new beams by snapping to other structural elements in a view. To do this, select the 3D
Snapping check box on the Options Bar. 3D snapping is used to model sloped framing. Beams placed
using 3D snapping are not planar with the datum level and grid elements.
192
Examples of Beams
The following illustrations show examples of beams.
Labeled beam plan, containing beams in the form of girders and joists.
Irregular and regular bay in a structural plan view. The W18x35 girders connect columns and structural walls and
the W12x26 joists span across the girders.
193
Beam Properties
Beam properties are instance and type parameters that define the characteristics of beams. You can
set values for beam properties to control the representation of beams in a structural model.
After you select the Beam tool on the Structure panel of the Home tab, you can use the Options Bar
to preset the beam properties.
Additional options for setting beam properties are displayed on the Options Bar, as shown.
The following table describes the options that you use to preset the beam properties.
194
Option
Description
Load Family
Loads beam elements into a project from the structural framing libraries,
if the required beam element is not already loaded.
On Grids
Enables the selection of grid lines to add beam elements. Beams are only
added between the points where grid lines intersect with columns.
Placement Plane
Structural Usage
3D Snapping
Chain
Draws beams in succession, with the end point of the last drawn beam as
the starting point of the next beam.
4.
195
Place the beams using the Beam System tool for typical bay framing with uniform beam spacing.
Then, copy or array the bay to other bays if the bay dimensions are similar. By using the Beam
System tool for uniformly spaced beams, the layout rules for the beam system allow you to quickly
place the beams and to modify them later to suit design requirements.
Use the Beam tool instead of the Beam System tool to add beams individually to bays with nonuniform beam spacing or bays with openings. Using the Beam tool provides greater flexibility in
placing the beams and modifying them later.
Place beams using the Grid Intersection tool. The beams will get added between grid intersections
with columns. This ensures that beams are connected and associated with the columns and if the
columns move, the beams will follow.
Clear the Tag check box on the Options Bar to prevent beam tags from being placed automatically
when placing beams in a cluttered framing plan. Following this practice keeps the plan view less
cluttered while it is being developed. The tags can be added later when the views are annotated
and documented.
196
If you want to show a detailed view of the connection of a beam to a wall, use the elevation view
to adjust the distance of the end of the framing element from the wall. The changes made in an
elevation view do not affect the stick symbol representation in plan view, which, in turn, makes it
easier to control the display of a beam in multiple views.
When you frame a beam element to a bearing wall, use the Beam/Column Joins tool on the Edit
Geometry panel of the Modify tab to adjust the graphical display of the beam framing in the wall.
The Beam/Column Joins tool only affects views set to a course detail representation. This tool can
also be used to correctly display the end of a cantilever beam supporting an edge beam.
The gap distance between the beam end and the supporting member is specified by selecting
Structural Settings on the Project Settings panel of the Manage tab. These settings can be used to
adjust the graphical display of steel framing plans for the entire project.
Use the shape handles to control the location of the end of the extrude shape of a beam element
at medium or fine detail level in section view. This is useful for controlling the beams ends when
creating and annotating model sections.
Mirror beams.
Open i_rst_essentials_floor_framing.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_floor_framing.rvt. The file
opens in the FIRST FLR. structural plan view.
2.
3.
4.
Click Open.
197
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click OK.
In the Family Already Exists dialog box, click
Overwrite the Existing Version.
In the view window, zoom in to the area
between the grid intersections B1 and G4, if
required.
Select W-Wide Flange : W18x35 (M_W-Wide
Flange : W460X52) from the Type Selector
drop-down.
Click the grid intersections B1 and C1 to add a
girder.
198
15. Click Place Beam > On Grid Lines tab > Multiple
Selection panel > Finish Selection to finish
creating the beam on the grid line D.
16. Click On Grids to place more beams.
17. In the view window, to draw girders along the
grid lines E, F, and G:
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
199
4.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
5.
6.
Mirror Beams
1.
200
7.
8.
Click OK.
Click Modify Structural Framing tab > Clipboard
panel > Copy.
10. On the Clipboard panel, click Paste Aligned
drop-down > Select Levels.
11. To copy the FIRST FLR. framing to the SECOND
FLR. and ROOF, in the Select Levels dialog box:
Click OK.
12. In the view window, verify that the beams are
created on the roof and second floor levels.
9.
201
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
202
3D Beam System
A 3D beam system consists of beams that are located in different planes. The supporting members for
a 3D beam system slope at different rates and in different directions.
The following illustrations show different options for displaying beams with hidden lines in the plan
view.
203
You can use the Linework tool on the Edit Linework panel of the Modify tab to
change the appearance of beams in a plan view.
204
Description
Beam Type
Specifies the type of beams used in the beam system. The list displays the
same beam types as the Type Selector drop-down. You can load additional
beam types into the project if the beam you require is not in the Beam
Type list.
Justification
Layout Rule
205
Option
Description
3D
Specifies whether the beams in the beam system are planar or nonplanar
with respect to the current level.
If the 3D check box is not selected, the beams are placed planar with the
current level, regardless of whether the supporting members are sloped.
This is often referred to as a 2D beam system.
If the 3D check box is selected, the elevations at the ends of the beams are
controlled by the slope of the supporting members. This means that the
beams can accommodate different support heights and can be nonplanar
with the current level. This is often referred to as a 3D beam system.
Specifies the default value for the slope of the sketch lines that are
associated with walls in a beam system.
You can set this property only for sketch lines that have a wall as their
support. When you set this property, the heights are examined for the
structural walls that outline the beam system and then beams are placed
accordingly.
Note: You can set this property only if you select the 3D Snapping check
box on the Options Bar.
Tag
Framing or System
206
Once the beam is placed, you can modify the end offset values in the Instance Properties dialog box.
You can also select the beam in the view window and modify its end offsets. The following illustration
shows methods of modifying the end offset value of a beam.
You can also create a 3D beam system in a plan view using the single-click placement
method with the 3D check box selected.
207
The following steps describe the process of creating a 3D beam system in a 3D view.
1.
Open a 3D view.
Open a 3D view that shows the part of the structural model to which you want to add a 3D
beam system.
Activate the sketch mode.
Click Beam System on the Structure panel of the Home tab. Next, activate the sketch mode by
clicking Create Sketch on the Sketch panel of the Place Beam System contextual tab.
Select the supporting beams.
Select the supporting beams to specify the direction and outline of the beam system using the
Pick Supports tool on the Draw panel of the Create Beam System Boundary contextual tab.
2.
3.
Use 3D snapping while placing beams and beam systems in plan views. Using 3D snapping ensures
that the beams or beam systems slope to meet their supports, even when the supports are
modified after the beams or beam systems have been created.
Use the single-click placement method of placing beams to quickly place beam systems in framing
plans.
Use the Pin tool to unpin individual beam system members from their default positions and adjust
them individually, as required. Do this with caution and ensure that you document the change
with dimensions or text notes to avoid errors.
Use the start- and end-level offset parameters to set the elevation of the girders supporting
a beam system instead of manually adjusting the elevation of the girders. The beam system
supported by the girders slopes with the girders when you adjust the offset level parameters.
Use beam systems for typical bay framing with uniform beam spacing. For example, if additional
beams are required to frame around openings or support a concentrated load, it is better to place
all the framing in the bay individually using the standard Beam tool. This gives more flexibility
when updating the framing because of design changes resulting in a shift of the openings or
locations of the load.
208
209
6.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Open i_rst_essentials_working_with_beams.rvt
or m_rst_essentials_working_with_beams.rvt.
The file opens in the FIRST FLR. structural plan
view.
Note: The illustrations for the metric dataset
will be slightly different from those shown here.
In the view window, zoom in the area between
grid intersections F2 and G4.
Click Home tab > Structure panel > Beam
System.
On the Options Bar:
3.
210
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
211
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
212
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Zoom to fit.
9.
213
Zoom to fit.
3.
4.
5.
6.
214
7.
3.
8.
9.
215
4.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
216
Click OK.
Exit the selection set.
Open the Canopy Systems 3D view.
Note: You can use the View Cube controls, such
as zoom, pan, and spin, to verify the placement
of the beam systems.
Close the file without saving changes.
17.
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
217
K-shaped bracing
218
X-shaped bracing
V-chevron bracing
219
Although brace symbols are graphical representations, they can be used to select and modify the
brace members. For example, if you select a brace symbol in a plan view, the brace member gets
selected in the model.
220
Setting the moment connection start and end values of a beam does not change the
Start Release and End Release values of the beam. You need to change these values
individually for correct structural analysis.
Click Manage tab > Project Settings panel > Structural Settings.
In the Structural Settings dialog box, Symbolic Representation Settings tab, under Brace Symbols,
select Parallel Line from the Plan Representation list.
For Parallel Line Offset, enter the distance of the symbol line from the girder line in the plan view.
Control the display of the brace symbols above and below the girder line by selecting or clearing
the appropriate check boxes.
The following steps describe the process of adding bracing members to a framing elevation.
1.
2.
221
3.
4.
The Start Attachment Elevation or End Attachment Elevation parameters are displayed when the
brace is attached to a column along with a level reference. You can enter the distance above or
below the level to locate the brace attachment point.
Editing Braces
You can copy, mirror, array, and move braces out of the vertical planes in which they are created.
These editing options for braces help you to save time while working on multistory structures. For
example, while designing a tower, you can array the braces vertically up the tower instead of creating
each brace individually.
You can also copy or move braces horizontally.
The following illustration shows braces created in a framing elevation view and copied to another grid
line in a plan view.
222
4.
5.
Open a plan or 3D view in which the braces that you want to move are visible.
In the view window, select the braces you want to move.
On the Modify panel, click Move.
Note: You can also use the Copy, Rotate, Array, and Mirror tools on the Modify panel to copy,
horizontally rotate, array, and horizontally mirror the braces.
In the view window, select a point to specify the starting point of the move for the brace.
In the view window, select a second point to place the brace at the new location out of its
originating plane.
Understand that the moment connection symbol is only for representation. Assigning a moment
connection symbol to the beam end does not automatically assign a fixed End Release property
to the analytical representation. It also does not add any model components, such as connector
plates, to the beam end. Familiarizing yourself with these conditions helps you prevent mistakes.
Place vertical braces in a specified work plane either by working in a framing elevation view or by
using the Work Plane dialog box. You should place braces carefully to avoid error.
Copy the vertical braces to other locations after you have placed vertical braces in a specified work
plane. To place multiple copies of braces quickly, you can copy or array them.
Use the attachment properties of vertical braces so that they remain in their proper positions
if levels change or grid lines move. By paying attention to distance or ratio for the Start or End
Attachment Type value, you can specify conditions that flex with the model, avoiding error and
speeding up design development.
223
1.
2.
Open i_rst_essentials_structural_frames.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_structural_frames.rvt. The
file opens in the SECOND FLR. structural plan
view.
Note: The illustrations for the metric dataset
will be slightly different from those shown
here.
In the view window, zoom in to the columns at
grid intersections G2 and G3.
224
3.
6.
7.
Click OK.
The girders now have blue solid moment
triangles as shown.
1.
2.
Click View tab > Create panel > Elevation dropdown > Framing Elevation.
225
3.
4.
5.
9.
6.
7.
8.
226
Click OK.
Note: If the Detail Level parameter is set to
Coarse, structural elements are represented as
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click OK.
The brace end moves to the lower part of the
column.
227
Click OK.
Notice that the view updates.
2.
4.
228
5.
6.
7.
8.
229
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
230
For more information on the steel reinforcing tools, refer to Revit Help.
Cast-in-place concrete beams are poured monolithically with the floor system using formwork,
assembled in-place on the site. The beams are integrally joined with other beams, floors, columns, or
walls. Steel reinforcing bars extend into adjacent members to provide continuity between members.
The following illustration shows a section view of cast-in-place concrete beams and a floor slab.
231
Precast concrete beams have both beam and shape handles, and you can edit them separately.
However, cast-in-place concrete beams have beam handles but no shape handles.
232
The following illustrations show handles in precast and cast-in-place concrete beams in a plan view.
For the precast concrete beam, both the beam handle (round dot) and shape handle (double-headed
arrow) are displayed. For the cast-in-place concrete beam, only the beam handle appears.
By default, e beam handles (round dot) extend to the centerline of the supporting member.
Cast-in-place beams join automatically with other cast-in-place beams, walls, and cast-in-place
columns. However, the precast beams do not join automatically with other beams or walls. The gap
between the precast beams is referred to as the cut back or extension distance.
By default, the cut back distance is set to -1/2", which means the end of the beam geometry is 1/2" off
the geometry of the supporting member. You use these parameters to calculate the cut length of the
beam used for calculating the volume of the beam. The Start Extension and End Extension parameters
are not available for cast-in-place beams.
233
The Edit Beam Joins tool is not available for cast-in-place beams. By default, the ends
of cast-in-place beams are joined.
The following illustrations show the beam join arrow controls displayed by the Beam Join Editor.
234
Beam cutback distance settings do not change in the Instance Properties dialog box
when you adjust cutback with the Beam Join Editor.
235
Z-Direction Offset
You can define the vertical justification of a beam relative to its associated reference level using ZDirection Justification in the Instance Properties dialog box.
The following illustration shows the options for Z-Direction Justification.
You activate the Z-Direction Offset Value by setting the Z-Direction Justification value to Other, as
shown in the following illustration.
You can use the Z-Direction Offset Value to set the top of a beam below the reference level for
accommodating a floor slab.
236
The following illustration shows a precast beam set 6" below the reference level, so that the top of the
6" hollow core slab matches the top of the reference level elevation.
Load the beam families that you commonly use in the project templates. This saves time during
design work.
Add custom sizes to a beam family in a project and save the custom beam family to the content
library. This enables other projects to benefit from the additional beam types.
Understand the properties of precast and cast-in-place beams, particularly where beams meet or
cross. By understanding how beams function, you can promote a smoother workflow in a project.
Assign the same material to all the joining members, including beams, floors, columns, and walls
when modeling cast-in-place beams. This ensures that the members join properly with the correct
graphical representation shown in sections and elevations.
Create an additional concrete material type with identity notes specifying fly ash and slag cement
instead of Portland cement. This material can then be assigned to concrete elements for use on
projects filing for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification. Fly ash, slag
cement, and other Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) can qualify for points toward
LEED recycled content credits.
237
238
Open i_rst_essentials_concrete_beams.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_concrete_beams.rvt. The file
opens in the FIRST FLR. structural plan view.
3.
4.
2.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
239
240
Click OK.
Notice that the concrete beams now appear
lower in the floor.
17. In the view window, press ESC to clear the
selection.
7.
2.
3.
241
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
242
Chapter
7
Creating Floors and Roofs
In Revit, floors and roofs are systems families. These structural systems are 3D parametric elements
that you create and add directly to a structural model and customize to any project specification as
required.
In this chapter, you learn how to add floors in structural models, create a roof, and add structural
framing to the roof for support.
Chapter Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
Chapter Overview
243
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
244
245
2.
246
3.
4.
5.
Specify properties.
Specify properties of the new floor type by opening the Instance Properties dialog box, followed
by the Type Properties dialog box. Select Duplicate in the Type Properties dialog box to create a
new floor type, and then specify the floor type properties.
Sketch the outline.
Sketch the outline of the floor type to place an opening. You can draw lines or pick walls,
supports, or lines.
Add openings in the floor sketch.
Add openings in the floor sketch using additional outlines. You can also use the tools on the
Opening panel of the Modify tab after the floor is completed.
In a floor sketch, draw a slope arrow in the direction of the desired slope.
Right-click the arrow. Click Element Properties.
In the Instance Properties dialog box, under Constraints, set the value of Specify to Height at Tail.
Specify a value for Height Offset at Tail. This value determines the height at which the slope
arrow begins above the story level.
If required, specify a level for Level at Tail to start the slope arrow at a certain level. For example,
the floor sketch is on level 1. You could choose to start the slope arrow on level 2.
Specify a value for Height Offset at Head. This value determines the height at which the slope
arrow ends above the story level.
If required, specify a level for Level at Head to end the slope arrow above a certain level. For
example, the floor sketch is on level 1. You could choose to end the slope arrow on level 2.
247
In a floor sketch, select one of the sketch lines that define the extent of the floor.
On the Options Bar, select the Defines Slope check box.
In the view window, select the editable dimension next to the triangle icon near the selected
sketch line.
Enter the desired angle for the slope of the floor element. The floor will slope about the selected
line at the specified angle.
4.
3.
4.
248
Press TAB and select a floor edge to cycle through the selection options. Use this method because
selecting a floor edge can be difficult while editing in a busy plan view. You can also select walls
and floors using a crossing window and use the Filter tool to narrow down the selection set. You
can speed up your work by learning how to select and edit floors effectively.
Use the material properties of floors to enhance visibility of floors in plan views by defining a floor
material with a surface pattern. This saves time and eliminates the chances of duplication.
Create openings in floors using the tools on the Opening panel of the Modify tab instead of adding
openings in the floor sketch. The tools on the Opening panel create separate opening elements
that can be copied, moved, or modified outside of the floor sketch. This makes it easier to modify
the opening sizes and locations later during a project.
Use the concrete and steel cantilever parameters to specify the edge conditions of the floor. These
parameters are available on the Options Bar when sketch lines are selected in the floor sketch.
Modeling the edge conditions correctly will save time when you are detailing sections through the
model.
249
Add a floor.
1.
Add a Floor
250
2.
3.
4.
Open i_rst_essentials_floor.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_floor.rvt. The file opens in the
SECOND FLR. structural plan view.
Note: The illustrations for the metric dataset
will be slightly different from those shown
here.
In the view window, zoom in to the area
between the grid intersections B1 and G4.
Click Home tab > Structure panel > Floor.
Click Create Floor Boundary tab > Element
panel > Floor Properties.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click OK.
On the Draw panel, click Line to start drawing
the floor boundary.
On the Options Bar, verify that the Chain check
box is selected.
In the view window, click the grid intersections
B1, G1, G4, D4, D3, and C3 to draw the floor
boundary.
251
4.
25. Click the two sketch lines one after the other to
make a clean corner.
5.
6.
252
7.
8.
Click OK.
Verify that the symbolic lines for representing
the floor opening appear as shown.
253
3.
4.
5.
254
7.
8.
6.
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Describe roofs.
Identify the steps in the process of sketching roofs.
State the recommended practices for creating roofs.
Create a sloped roof with steel framing.
255
About Roofs
Roofs are system family elements, similar to walls and floors. Using Revit, you can model roofs of
various shapes and constructions.
Definition of Roofs
Roofs are building elements representing different types of roofs that you can create while designing
building models. You can sketch roofs by footprint, extrusion, or face.
You can modify roof properties, such as outline, structural composition, and slope.
Roof by Footprint
A roof footprint is a 2D sketch depicting the perimeter of a roof. You draw a footprint by sketching
lines or by selecting walls to define the roof perimeter. In both cases, you specify a value to control
the offset of the roof from the existing walls.
You sketch a footprint of the roof in the plan view of the level where the roof will be placed. The
sketch must be a continuous closed loop. It can contain additional closed loops inside the footprint to
define openings in the roof. You define the slopes of the roof by specifying the lines in a footprint as
edges of sloping roof planes.
Roof by Extrusion
You create a roof by extrusion by sketching the profile of the top of a roof in an elevation or section
view, and then extruding the roof. The location of the profile in the elevation view determines the
height of the roof. You set the start and end points of a roof to determine the depth of the extrusion.
You can use a combination of straight lines and arcs to create the roof profile. The sketch of a roof
should be a series of connected lines or arcs that are not closed in a loop. Revit defines the depth of
the roof structure according to the type of roof.
256
Properties of Roofs
You select a roof or a roof sketch to edit its properties. You can modify the instance and type
properties of roofs. The instance properties that you can modify include outline, slope defining edges,
slope angle, and base level. When you modify the type properties of a roof, such as structure, the
change affects all instances of the roof type.
257
Example of Roofs
The following illustration shows a building model with different roof types.
Flat footprint
Curved extruded
Sloped footprint
258
4.
5.
Take note of the level of the plan view in which you are working when you create a footprint roof.
You should be careful while creating a roof on a level above or below the view because you may
not view the roof when it is finished.
Carefully set the View Range properties of the view you use to create a footprint roof. This
provides better control over the display of roofs in a design.
Plan each extruded roof ahead of time, study the requirements of the roof, create views that
point in the correct direction, and create reference planes, where appropriate. This saves time and
enhances accuracy.
Use the Join/Unjoin Roof tool for creating complex roof assemblies. Make multiple roofs and join
them to save time and improve accuracy. Do not try to model a complicated footprint roof to
match the exterior walls of an elaborate building outline, particularly if the walls are of different
heights.
Use the Roof tool to model complex roof assemblies; otherwise, it is recommended that you use
the Floor tool to model roofs because floors have analytical models associated with them. You
can export the analytical models to third-party analytical software used for designing. Exporting
models can reduce the time spent in creating and working on the analytical software.
259
Rotate girders.
260
1.
2.
3.
Open i_rst_essentials_roofs.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_roofs.rvt. The file opens in
the SECOND FLR. ROOF view.
Click Architect & Site tab > Architect panel >
Roof drop-down > Roof by Footprint.
Click Create Roof Footprint tab > Element panel
> Roof Properties.
4.
5.
6.
9.
Enter 1.19.
Press ENTER.
10. On the Roof panel, click Finish Roof to
complete the roof deck.
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
Click OK.
4.
5.
6.
261
7.
8.
9.
262
263
5.
6.
7.
Rotate Girders
1.
2.
3.
8.
9.
4.
264
Click OK.
Notice that the roof and the support framing
move together. However, the girder did not
rotate automatically.
13. Rotate and move the girder for the new slope.
Click OK.
On the Draw panel, select the Start-End-Radius
Arc tool.
On the Options Bar:
5.
6.
4.
7.
8.
Click OK.
265
9.
5.
6.
Click OK.
12. On the Roof panel, click Finish Roof to finish
placing the roof.
7.
8.
3.
4.
266
Click OK.
To place a curve beam for matching the
curvature of the roof:
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Chapter
8
Creating Foundations
You can model both shallow and deep foundations in Revit. Foundation systems can be designed so
that as walls, columns, or soil conditions change, the foundation elements continuously change as
well.
In this chapter, you learn how to add foundations in a structural model.
Chapter Objective
After completing this chapter, you will be able to add foundations to a structural model.
Chapter Overview
267
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
268
Describe foundations.
Identify the steps to create stepped walls and foundations.
State the recommended practices for adding foundations.
Add foundations.
Create an elevator pit.
About Foundations
Foundations provide support to building structures. Foundations created with Revit Structure are
closely associated with the objects that they support.
Definition of Foundations
Foundations are model elements that are used to represent the physical building foundation
in a structural model. Foundations are typically modeled as either deep foundations or shallow
foundations, depending on the soil conditions of the building site. Deep foundations consist of grade
beams spanning pile caps supported on piles. Shallow foundations consist of wall footings, isolated
column footings, and foundation slabs or mats.
Types of Foundations
The following table describes the different types of foundations.
Type
Description
Wall
System families that are used to place continuous wall footings for shallow
foundations beneath walls where loads are distributed along a line.
Isolated
Slab
System families that are used to place slabs and mat foundations beneath
structural elements where loads are distributed across an area.
269
However, you can modify a wall foundation to extend past the end of the wall. The following
illustration shows a wall foundation being extended past the end of the wall by selecting the
foundation and dragging the end control.
270
You can also modify the default end extension to a desired distance using the Type Properties
dialog box. The following illustration shows the Default End Extension Length parameter in the Type
Properties dialog box of the foundation wall.
Default End Extension Length is a type parameter; therefore, it affects all foundation wall elements of
this type in the model.
Example of Foundations
271
2.
3.
4.
272
5.
In the view window, draw sketch lines corresponding to the required top and base offsets along
the length of the wall.
6.
Use the Trim tool on the Edit panel to make the wall profile a continuous sketch with no gaps or
overlaps.
On the Wall panel, click Finish Wall.
To place foundations, click Home tab > Foundation panel > Wall. The foundations adjust to the
steps at the base of the wall.
7.
8.
Use the Beam tool to place grade beams as foundations so that the beams are added with a
corresponding analytical model line. When you use the Beam tool, the beams can be analyzed
properly even in third-party software, and the beam schedules are populated accurately.
Create predesigned isolated footing types and load them into the template your organization uses.
You can include parameters such as soil bearing pressure and concrete design strength for the
depth and reinforcement of the footings. In addition, you can create and load a Footing Schedule
into the template of your organization. This speeds up the process of modeling and documenting
because the footing types already exist in the project and automatically populate the Footing
Schedule as you add them to the model.
Create an additional concrete material that specifies fly ash and slag cement in place of Portland
cement. You can assign the additional material created to concrete foundation elements and store
it in a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) project template. The additional
concrete materials such as fly ash, slag cement, and other supplementary cementitious materials
(SCM) can qualify for points toward LEED recycled content credits.
273
3.
4.
5.
274
Open i_rst_essentials_foundations.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_foundations.rvt. The file
opens in the FIRST FLR. view.
In the Project Browser, under Families,
Structural Foundations, Footing-Rectangular
(M_Footing-Rectangular), double-click 60" x
60" x 14" (1500 x 1500 x 350).
6.
Click OK.
In the Type Properties dialog box:
Click OK.
From the Project Browser, drag 72" x 72" x
18" (1800 x 1800 x 450) to the view window.
Note: Isolated column footings can also be
placed by clicking Isolated on the Foundation
panel of the Home tab.
7.
3.
4.
5.
11. On the Multiple Selection panel, click Finish
Selection.
12. Close the warning message indicating that an
attached structural foundation will be moved
to the bottom of the column.
13. From the Project Browser, drag 60" x 60" x
14" (1500 x 1500 x 350) to the view window.
14. On the Multiple panel, click At Columns to
place footings at structural column locations.
15. In the view window, CTRL+select grid
intersections D3, D4, E4, F4, G4, G3, G2, G1,
F1, E1, D1, and C1 to add the exterior isolated
footings.
275
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
276
Click OK.
In the Type Properties dialog box:
2.
Open i_rst_essentials_elevator_pit.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_elevator_pit.rvt. The file
opens in the ELEVATOR PIT PLAN view. Notice
that an imported CAD file is visible over an
opening in the floor.
Note: Detail lines are visible to indicate twin
elevator locations. The illustrations in the
metric dataset may vary from those shown
here.
3.
4.
5.
6.
277
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
278
Click OK.
18. On the Draw panel, ensure that Pick Walls is
selected.
19. On the Options Bar, for Offset, enter 1' 0" (300
mm).
279
280
Chapter
9
Stairs and Ramps
Revit provides tools for quickly modeling stairs, ramps, and their associated railings. In this chapter,
you learn more about developing your building model by including stairs and openings for the stairs.
You also learn how to create various types of ramps and associated railings in a structural model.
Chapter Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
Create stairs.
Create various types of ramps.
Chapter Overview
281
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
282
L-shaped stair
Spiral stair
Revit automatically calculates the number of stair risers or rail balusters needed to span between
levels. You can also override the automatic calculations and create custom stairs and railings. When
you modify the outside boundary lines of stairs, the risers and runs are automatically updated.
283
Stair Properties
By default, stairs rise from the current level (base level) to the next level up (top level). If stairs rise
higher than one level, you can modify the Multistory Top Level parameter. You can adjust the Base
Offset and Top Offset parameters to set the top or bottom of the stairs higher or lower than the
default level. You can also modify stair dimension properties, such as stair width, number of risers,
and tread depth.
The default templates in Revit include predefined stair types. You can create new stair types by
duplicating an existing stair type and editing the type parameters. You can specify the type parameters
for treads, risers, and stringers. If you create stairs of one material, you also specify the Monolithic
Stairs parameter.
284
Multistory Stairs
In multistory structures, you can design one set of stairs and identical sets of stairs are automatically
created up to the highest level defined in the stair properties. When you select the start point of the
stairs in a plan view, the number of treads is calculated based on the distance between floors and the
maximum riser height defined in the stair properties. The stairs are duplicated for each level until the
level specified in the Multistory Top Level parameter is reached. If the levels have equal height, you do
not need to make other adjustments.
Railing Types
While sketching new stairs, you can specify the railing type to be used with the Railings Type tool. This
tool is available only while you are sketching new stairs. You select the railing type from the list in the
Railings Type dialog box. You can select None if you do not need a railing for the stairs, or Default to
use the default railing.
If the railing type you want to specify is not listed in the Railings Type dialog box, you
can create the stairs with any available railing type and later change the type.
285
U-shaped stairs
Creating Stairs
You create stairs in a structural model using the Stairs tool on the Circulation panel of the Home tab.
This tool enables the sketch mode. In this mode, you can create stairs using the tools on the Draw
panel of the Create Stairs Sketch tab. You can create stairs by sketching runs or by sketching riser and
boundary lines.
Sketching Tools
In sketch mode, three sketching tools are available: Run, Boundary, and Riser.
Sketching tools
286
Tool
Description
Run
Defines stairs by sketching runs of the stairs. When you sketch the runs,
the boundary and risers are automatically created.
Boundary
Defines lines that are the side boundaries of the stairs and landings.
Riser
Creates lines that define the position of the risers for the stairs.
6.
7.
8.
9.
5.
6.
7.
287
Change the direction of stairs using the flip control arrows instead of sketching them again in the
other direction. This saves time and prevents errors.
When the level height of each floor in a multistory building is the same, set the Multistory Top
Level parameter to set the stairs to rise from the base level to the level required. This saves time
because you need to control only one stair object.
When creating U-shaped stairs, create reference planes to represent the centerline of the stairs
when the stairwell plan is being designed. This saves time when sketching the stairs.
Use the Monolithic Stairs parameter to create cast-in-place concrete stairs that are commonly
used at the entrances of a building, because such stairs are made of one material.
You can easily model stairs in Revit based on a CAD reference from an architect who uses
traditional 2D CAD software. You can check the 3D stairs in Revit against the 2D CAD reference to
ensure that the stairs fit in the given floor-to-floor heights and stair core dimensions. This helps to
reduce the coordination effort and identify discrepancies, if any, in the initial stages of the design
process.
Example
The following illustration shows the use of the flip control arrow to change the direction of the stairs.
288
2.
3.
Open i_rst_essentials_stairs.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_stairs.rvt. The file opens in
the FIRST FLR. STAIR PLAN view.
289
4.
6.
5.
7.
290
3.
Click OK.
11. On the View Control Bar, set Detail Level to
Fine.
12. In the view window, zoom in to the beam and
upper end of the stairs.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
291
6.
7.
8.
9.
292
Click OK.
Click Create Stairs Sketch tab > Tools panel >
Railing Type.
In the Railings Type dialog box:
Select None.
Click OK.
In the view window, select the left end of the
detail line.
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Describe ramps.
Identify the steps in the process of creating ramps.
State the recommended practices for creating ramps.
Create a ramp and modify the railing.
293
About Ramps
You sketch a ramp in a plan view. The quickest and easiest way to create a ramp is to sketch the run.
You can sketch straight or curved runs for the ramp. Revit automatically generates the ramp geometry,
including the sloped segments, landings, and railings.
Definition of Ramps
Ramps are uniformly sloping surfaces that connect levels at different elevations. You can create ramps
with different configurations, such as L-shaped and circular, and you can edit them after they are
placed in the model.
When you create ramps, railings are automatically added to them. However, you can also add railings
as free-standing components to levels.
Ramp Properties
You can modify ramps by modifying their parameters in the Instance Properties dialog box. By default,
ramps rise from the current or base level to the next or top level. If similar ramps continue up to
several levels above, you can modify the Multistory Top Level parameter. You can also adjust the
Base Offset and Top Offset parameters to set the top or bottom of the ramp higher or lower than the
default level. In addition, you can change the width of the ramp by specifying a value for the Width
parameter under Dimensions.
294
Type parameters are used to define the thickness, function, material, maximum incline length,
maximum slope, and shape of the ramp. The following illustration shows the values in the Type
Properties dialog box that define a handicap-accessible ramp. The illustration shows the maximum
incline length of 30' 0" and the maximum slope of 1 to 12, which are requirements set by the
Americans with Disability Act (ADA). You can create additional ramp types for other purposes.
Multistory Ramps
In multistory structures, you can design one ramp and identical sets of ramps are automatically
created up to the highest level defined in the ramp properties. When you select the start point of the
ramp in a plan view, the required length of each sloped segment is calculated based on the height
between floors and the maximum inclined length and slope defined in the ramp properties. The ramp
is duplicated for each level until the level specified in the Multistory Top Level parameter is reached. If
the levels are equal in height, you do not need to make other adjustments.
Examples of Ramps
The following illustrations show various types of ramps.
Circular ramp
Multisegment ramp
295
Sketching Tools
In the sketch mode, three sketching tools are available: Run, Boundary, and Riser. You can use any of
these sketching tools to sketch ramps.
When you create a ramp using these sketching tools, three lines of different colors are displayed. The
following table lists the significance of each line color.
Color
Significance
Green
Blue
Black
296
Ramp run
Ramp run limit
Ramp boundary
5.
297
Create ramps in a manner similar to stairs. The software automatically calculates floor-to-floor
heights for ramps, which increases efficiency.
Set the base and top conditions before drawing footprints when creating pedestrian ramps. This
is because pedestrian ramps have strict controls on the slope and run length between landings.
Setting the conditions before drawing footprints reduces errors and saves time.
Assign standard steel and concrete shape profiles to the railing structure and locate these shape
profiles using the height parameter to act as the stringer support for the ramp. This saves time
when you model the ramp framing and also ensures that the stringer supports match the slope of
the ramp.
Create a solid ramp by setting the Shape parameter to Solid in the Type Properties dialog box. This
is useful for modeling ramps with a constant bottom elevation.
Define standard railing styles and save them in the content library and template file of your
organization. Creating the commonly used railing styles with their associated rail profiles in
advance saves time during design creation.
298
2.
3.
Open i_rst_essentials_ramp.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_ramp.rvt. The file opens in
the FIRST FLR. RAMP view.
299
4.
5.
6.
Click OK.
On the Draw panel, ensure that Run and Line
are selected.
In the view window:
7.
8.
9.
Click OK.
10. On the Ramp panel, click Finish Ramp.
11. Open the 3D RAMP view.
300
3.
Click OK.
Notice that the ramp is no longer of a constant
thickness but is now a solid shape.
4.
5.
6.
Click Insert.
Click OK.
In the Type Properties dialog box, under
Construction, for Baluster Placement, click Edit.
7.
8.
9.
301
302
Chapter
10
Creating Plan Annotations and
Schedules
Revit provides tools to quickly annotate a structural model. You use annotations to document a design
and transform concept designs into construction document sets.
In this chapter, you learn how to add dimensions and tags to a project. You also learn how to create a
legend and work with different types of schedules.
Chapter Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
Chapter Overview
303
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
304
To edit an element using its temporary dimension, you select the element and change the dimension
value.
Listening Dimensions
Temporary dimensions that appear when you create elements are called listening dimensions.
Listening dimensions appear in bold, and they change as you create an element, such as a wall. You
use listening dimensions to adjust the length or placement of elements.
The following illustration shows the listening dimension that displays when you specify the end point
of a beam placed at an angle in a plan view. Notice that the listening dimension begins at the specified
start point of the beam.
305
You can modify the listening dimension while creating or after placing an element in the drawing by
typing the required dimension directly.
The following illustrations show the listening dimension when a beam is copied by entering a specific
value for distance.
Specific value for distance being entered Beam is copied at the specified distance
When you enter dimension values using imperial units, you can enter either the feet
and inch symbols, such as 10' 6 3/4", or just the feet and inch numbers separated by
a space, such as 10 6 3/4. If you enter a value without specifying a unit, such as 10, it
is interpreted as 10 feet (10').
306
Dimension Increments
When you create an element, its temporary dimension value is incremented based on the amount you
zoom in the view. The increment also depends on the dimension snap increment settings specified in
the Snaps dialog box, which you access from the Settings drop-down. You can set increment values for
length and angular dimensions separately using the Snaps dialog box.
307
308
Modifiable state
Nonmodifiable state
Description
Linear
Placed between selected points and aligned either to the horizontal or to the
vertical axis of the view.
Radial
Angular
309
The Place Dimensions list is activated for all dimension types except the linear
dimension.
310
311
Arc Length
Radial
Angle
Aligned
Linear
312
313
314
Spot coordinate
Create separate views for documentation and distinguish them from views used for modeling
because annotation elements belong to the view and are lost if the view is deleted. Creating
and distinguishing separate views helps prevent annotation elements from being inadvertently
modified or deleted.
Set the scale of the view before adding the annotation elements. The size of annotation elements
automatically adjusts to changes in the scale of the view. However, the relative position of
the annotation elements may need adjustment depending on how drastic the scale change.
Establishing and maintaining the scale of the view prior to adding annotation speeds up the
documentation process.
Customize the default annotation elements according to your organizations standard font and
linework. This makes the sheets created in Revit consistent with the organizations standards and
enhances the pace of document production for a project.
Lock permanent dimensions only when necessary. Locking multiple permanent dimensions can
over constrain the structural model, making it difficult to modify the design later.
315
2.
3.
316
Open i_rst_essentials_dim_symb.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_dim_symb.rvt. The file opens
in the FIRST FLR. structural plan view.
Note: The illustrations for the metric dataset
will be slightly different from those shown
here.
4.
5.
6.
7.
4.
5.
6.
Click OK.
In the view window, click the concrete wall
between grid intersections B2 and C2.
8.
9.
Click OK.
12. Enter ZP to zoom to previous view.
3.
Click Options.
To specify the settings for the dimension, in the
Auto Dimension Options dialog box:
Click OK.
7.
8.
317
9.
3.
4.
5.
318
6.
Click OK.
11. Add a second spot dimension symbol in the
lower-right corner of the spread footing at grid
line 3 below the elevator pit, as shown.
7.
8.
319
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click OK.
Notice that the spot slope symbol has changed.
Close the file without saving changes.
Click Cancel.
4.
320
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Describe text.
Describe tags.
Identify the steps in the process of adding tags.
Set text placement parameters.
State the recommended practices for working with text and tags.
Add column and beam tags to a structural framing design.
321
About Text
As part of construction documentation, text is added to clearly convey the structural design intent of
the building. You can add text notes to views and sheets to document instructions and specifications
of building materials and design requirements.
Definition of Text
Text is a system family with predefined parameters specific to the current project. You can use
existing text types or create additional text types by duplicating the existing types and modifying type
parameters, such as font, size, and width factor. Text types can also be transferred across projects.
Text elements are view-specific and automatically change size according to the view scale.
You add text to a drawing as a text note using the Text tool. When you add text, the text and the
leaders automatically snap into alignment with other text and leaders in the view. After adding text,
you can format its various parameters, such as size, font, justification, width, underlining, lineweight,
background, and color. To keep the view and graphics clear and readable, you can move text to
different positions. You can also edit and wrap text. In addition, you can copy or paste text from other
applications, such as Microsoft Word. You can add or remove leaders of a text note at any time, if
required.
Example of Text
The following illustration shows a roof framing plan view with text notes.
322
About Tags
Tags are annotations that display parametric information about the elements with which they are
associated. Tags use unique symbols to represent each structural element. Unlike text, the values
displayed in tags are updated automatically when the structural model is updated. Tags are viewspecific, can be placed with or without leaders, and have horizontal or vertical orientation. Tags
automatically adjust to the view scale and align with other tags in the view. You can modify tags by
changing their position in a view, turning their leaders on or off, and changing their orientation. You
can tag a structural element with more than one tag if you have multiple tag types loaded for that
element.
Tags can be automatically assigned when you add the corresponding structural element to the model.
For the structural elements that do not have the corresponding preloaded tags, you need to load the
tags from the software library. Revit provides predefined tag families for each category of structural
elements. Some of these tags, such as structural framing, column, and foundation tags, are preloaded
into the default project templates. You can create custom tags by editing the predefined tag family
files, graphics, and element parameters.
Types of Tags
The following table describes the various types of predefined and preloaded tags.
Type
Description
Displays the Type Name property of a structural framing member. This tag
rotates with its associated element.
Structural Framing
Tag-w-Studs-Camber
Displays the Type Name, Number of Studs, and Camber Size properties
of a steel structural framing member. This tag rotates with its associated
element.
Displays the Type Name property of a structural column member. This tag
orients to the view.
Structural Column
Tag-45
Displays the Type Name property of a structural column member at a 45degree angle to the column member. This tag orients to the view.
323
Tag Options
You can place tags in a view using the tag options available in the Tag drop-down on the Tag panel
of the Annotate tab. The Tag drop-down provides three options: By Category, Multi-Category, and
Material.
Description
By Category
Automatically identifies the category of the object being tagged and adds
the appropriate tag.
Multi-Category
Uses shared parameters to add tags that work across categories. Multicategory tags are custom objects.
Material
Displays a question mark when first placed. You need to specify a value for
the material parameter, which is then displayed in the tag.
324
Examples of Tags
The following illustrations show different tags.
325
2.
3.
326
After placing text in a particular view, you can copy the text to the Clipboard and
paste it to other views. This eliminates the need to add text separately for each view.
Use the Tag All tool on the Tag panel of the Annotate tab to tag all elements of a particular
category in a drawing. This saves time during documentation.
Use the alignment planes to align a tag with other nearby tags. Aligning tags helps you easily
decipher a view with a lot of tags, text, and dimensions. The alignment planes also apply to text
elements.
Create a custom tag to display the Type Mark parameter for steel structural framing and column
members. You can then use the Type Mark parameter by manually assigning the nominal
dimensions of the beam to the parameter. For example, in the design development phase, you
can assign the custom tag type that displays Type Mark of W14 to indicate the beam depth.
Later, in the construction documentation phase, you can change the tag type to the standard tag
that displays Type Name of W14 x 22 to indicate the full size of the beam. This will speed up the
construction documentation process.
Add leaders to the tags to clearly mark the object of reference and avoid any interference with the
display of other objects. Adding leaders helps you position the tags neatly when framing members
are closely placed.
Use the spelling checker available on the Text panel of the Annotate tab to make sure that the text
and tags do not contain any spelling errors.
Create different types of text by adding leaders with different end symbols, such as a dot and a
large arrow. You can then use different text symbols for specific situations or conditions.
Create separate views for documentation and distinguish them from the views used for modeling
because annotation elements belong to the view and will be lost if the view is deleted. Creating
and distinguishing separate views will help prevent annotation elements from being inadvertently
manipulated or deleted.
327
Set the scale of the view before adding annotation elements. The size of annotation elements
will automatically adjust to the changes in the scale of the view. However, the relative position
of the annotation elements may need to be adjusted depending on how drastically the scale has
changed. Establishing and maintaining the scale of the view prior to adding annotation elements
will speed up the documentation process.
Customize the default text, tags, dimensions, and symbols according to your organizations
standard font and linework. This enables the sheets produced in Revit to blend with the
organizations standards and enhances the pace of document production for a project.
Example
The following illustrations show the use of leaders to position the tag neatly.
328
Repositioned tag
2.
3.
Open i_rst_essentials_text_tags.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_text_tags.rvt.
The file opens in the FIRST FLR. structural plan
view.
329
4.
8.
9.
6.
7.
5.
330
6.
7.
3.
8.
4.
5.
Click Tags.
331
4.
5.
Click OK.
In the view window, between grid intersections
E1 and G2:
6.
7.
8.
9.
332
Click OK.
14. In the Beam Annotations dialog box, under
Annotation Location and Type, on the Level
Beams in Plan tab, for the Middle field
appearing on the other side of the beam, click
[] to place tags in the middle of the beams.
Click OK.
16. Click OK to close the Beam Annotations dialog
box.
All beams in the view now display tags. Notice
that the Standard Beam tags display above the
beam and the elevations of the beams relative
to the level are displayed below the beam.
17. Tile all the open views.
18. Zoom all the views to fit on the screen.
19. Close the file without saving changes.
333
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
334
Describe legends.
State the recommended practices for creating legends.
Create a legend with annotation symbols, notes, and legend components.
About Legends
You use legends to explain the symbols, abbreviations, and elements used in construction
documentation. You can also use legends to add notes to multiple plan and elevation sheets.
Definition of Legends
A legend is a view containing 2D annotation elements, including text, dimensions, symbols, tags, filled
regions, and detail lines. Typically, legends appear as tables with one column for graphic symbols and
another column for explanatory text that defines symbols used in a particular view or in the entire
project. You can use the same legend on multiple drawing sheets.
Legend Components
Legend components are 2D representations of model elements that you can add to a legend view.
Some examples of legend components are types of columns, beams, floors, and walls. Legend
components are only available for the model elements currently loaded into the project. You can add
these components to a legend using the Legend Component tool available in the Component dropdown on the Detail panel of the Annotate tab.
Components in legends have detail level properties that you can control independent of the
detail level of the legend. You can use the legend visibility settings to turn on or off the display of
subcategories of component families.
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Annotation symbols
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You can use legend views to create typical details that are parametrically linked to the
model view. When the type parameters for the model element change, the model
element in the legend view also changes.
Examples of Legends
The following illustrations show some examples of legends.
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Legend with pile cap model elements, detail components, dimensions, and text
Set up legends based on the standard documentation of your organization and load the legends
into the project templates. Then, you can place legends on the required sheets from the
templates. Placing legends saves time when you are creating a project's construction documents.
Import CAD files into legends to reuse previously developed legend content. This helps you avoid
rework and errors and allows you to use the same legend content in different project files.
Copy and paste legend information from one project file to another because you cannot save
legend views as separate files. This helps you save time and increase efficiency while duplicating
information across multiple project files.
Use legend views for standard framing plan notes when working on multistory projects or projects
with multiple partial plan views. When you use a legend view, any change to the notes in the
legend view is automatically updated on all project sheets. This saves time and reduces errors
because legend views can be placed on multiple sheets.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Open i_rst_essentials_legend.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_legend.rvt. The file opens in
the FIRST FLR. structural plan view.
Click View tab > Create panel > Legends dropdown > Legend.
In the New Legend View dialog box:
Click OK.
On the View Control Bar, for Detail Level, click
Coarse.
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5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
3.
4.
5.
Click OK.
In the view window, drag the annotation
symbol closer to the second text box to realign
it.
6.
7.
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9.
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12. Add a text note below the new note with text
- INDICATES SPAN DIRECTION- INDICATES SPAN
DIRECTION
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5.
3.
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Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
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Describe schedules.
Identify the steps for working with schedules.
State the recommended practices for working with schedules.
Create schedules.
About Schedules
In conventional CAD applications, you need to manually update schedules that provide information
about the structural components contained in a project. These schedules inevitably become out of
date after changes are made to the structural design, and there is always a possibility of errors.
In Revit, you can create schedules at any stage in the design process. Schedules are created as views,
and all views are associated with the same underlying model; therefore, when changes are made to
the model in any view, schedules are automatically updated. This is because the information displayed
in a schedule is contained in the properties of the components that you place in a model.
Construction document sets for a building design include schedules and views. You can add a schedule
to a drawing sheet and control its appearance.
Definition of Schedules
A schedule view lists elements in tabular format according to common parameters based on their
category. Every instance of an element type can be listed in a schedule, or the element types can be
grouped to condense the information into a single row based on the grouping criteria you define. For
example, a structural framing schedule can be generated to list the type, length, structural usage, and
family of the structural framing elements present in the model. When more elements are added to
the model, they are automatically added to the schedule. There are three different types of schedules:
instance, type, and graphical column.
Instance Schedules
An instance schedule displays information extracted from the properties of each of the selected
components. For example, in an instance schedule, you can include the length, camber, cost,
manufacturer, and level location of every structural framing component used in a structural model.
The information about each instance of the framing members is displayed in a separate row.
If there are components with the same instance properties in a structural model, the information
about each element is displayed in a separate row. As a result, the instance schedule may appear to
contain duplicate information.
Type Schedules
A type schedule groups components of the same type into a single line item in the schedule. Instead of
displaying the same information in each row of the schedule, the software groups similar components.
For example, you can generate a footing schedule in Revit to list all the isolated footings used on the
project. However, instead of listing each instance, all the isolated footings with the same width, length,
depth, and reinforcement can be assigned a type mark and grouped in a single row in the footing
schedule. You can format the appearance of the footing schedule so that it can be placed on sheets
and becomes part of the documentation. Any modifications to the foundation design are automatically
reflected in the footing schedule.
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distances to the nearest grid intersection are added for columns not located on grids. You can choose
not to display off-grid columns. You can also group similar columns to reduce the size of the graphical
column schedule.
Description
Fields
Lists the available headings that you can add to the schedule.
Filter
Sorting/Grouping
Formatting
Appearance
Viewing Schedules
After a schedule is created, it is displayed in the view window and the new schedule view is added to
the list of views in the Project Browser. You need to double-click the required schedule view name in
the Project Browser to view a schedule.
You can view a schedule placed on a sheet by opening the sheet view. If the schedule is too long or
too wide to display correctly on a sheet, you can edit the appearance of the schedule, resize it, or split
it to improve viewing.
Updating Schedules
Schedules are automatically updated when you modify the structural model. If you modify a property
of a component in a schedule, the component is automatically updated to reflect the modified value.
For example, if you change the height of a level, the height of the columns attached to that level
changes accordingly, which is reflected in the column schedule.
Exporting Schedules
You can export a schedule to another application, such as a spreadsheet. To export a schedule, you
save it as a delimited text file that can be opened in another application. You re-export the schedule
to the same file name and location to update the exported schedule as the design process progresses.
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Example of Schedules
The following illustrations show examples of schedules created in Revit.
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Click View tab > Create panel > Schedules drop-down > Graphical Column Schedule. A new view
called Graphical Column Schedule is displayed.
Right-click in the view window. Click View Properties.
In the Instance Properties dialog box, under Other, for Hidden Levels, click Edit.
In the Levels Hidden in Graphical Column Schedules dialog box, select the check boxes
corresponding to the levels that you want to hide.
Close all the dialog boxes to view the graphical column schedule with the specified levels hidden.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click Save.
In the Export Schedule dialog box, under Schedule Appearance:
To export the column heads to an output file, select the Export Column Headers check box.
To export all column headers and retain the formatting of the headers in the exported
schedule, click Multiple Rows, as Formatted.
To export group header rows, footers, and blank lines to the output file, select the Export
Group Headers, Footers, and Blank Lines check box.
In the Export Schedule dialog box, under Output Options:
Select the required option from the Field Delimiter list to separate fields in the output file.
Use the Text Qualifier list to specify whether the text in each field of the output file should
be enclosed in single or double quotation marks or should have no annotation.
Note: Both these output options affect how the fields and text are read in the spreadsheet
application. For example, the imperial foot-inch measurements can create problems if single or
double quotes are selected as the text qualifier.
Create the text file, which can then be opened in a spreadsheet application.
4.
5.
6.
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Click View tab > Sheet Composition panel > New Sheet.
In the Select a Titleblock dialog box, click Load to load a titleblock, if necessary.
In the Project Browser, select a schedule, and drag it onto the sheet. Notice that a preview of the
schedule appears when you release the mouse button over the drawing sheet.
Move the schedule to its desired location, and click to place it on the sheet.
Right-click the schedule. Click Edit Schedule to change the appearance of the schedule, if
required.
In addition to creating schedules that you will place on drawing sheets, create companion
schedules to speed up the workflow. Companion schedules are working schedules that you would
not ordinarily place on drawing sheets. These schedules display useful information about structural
models to facilitate modeling.
Create parameters for system families and shared parameters for component families, and add
them to structural elements to schedule necessary information about the elements. This makes
schedules more useful and provides better control over component properties in a structural
model. For example, beam connection types are not a standard property but can be listed as
shared parameters. You can then schedule beams by their connection types.
Develop and include all structural schedules in your project template file so that you do not need
to develop these schedules for each project. This saves setup time at the start of each project and
allows you to generate schedule information at very early stages.
Use the Hidden Field option on the Formatting tab in the view properties of a schedule view to
hide the fields that you need to keep available for filtering, sorting, or calculating but that you
do not want to show in the schedule view. This makes schedules easier to read and format for
construction documentation. For example, you can use the structural usage parameter to filter
the vertical braces from the structural framing schedule. However, if you do not want to list the
structural usage, you can hide it in the schedule.
Use headers, footers, and blank lines to identify and separate groups of similar information in a
schedule. You can create these headers, footers, and blank lines using the Sorting/Grouping tab in
the Schedule Properties dialog box.
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4.
5.
2.
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Open i_rst_essentials_schedules.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_schedules.rvt. The file opens
in the default 3D view.
Note: The illustrations for the metric dataset
will be slightly different from those shown
here.
To create a schedule, click View tab > Create
panel > Schedules drop-down > Schedule/
Quantities.
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2.
3.
Click OK.
In the Schedule Properties dialog box, Fields
tab:
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7.
8.
9.
4.
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5.
Click OK.
Note: You can format the elements in the
schedule view. For example, the heading can be
grouped with a subtitle.
11. Click OK to close the Instance Properties dialog
box.
12. Close the file without saving changes.
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Chapter
11
Creating Detailing
Revit Structure simplifies the process of creating construction details to communicate the structural
design intent at specific locations in the structural model.
In this chapter, you learn how to work with detail views by modifying and annotating them to create
construction details for inclusion in construction documentation. You also learn to add reinforcement
elements and detail components to concrete detail views, and work with drafting views and CAD
details in Revit.
Chapter Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
Chapter Overview
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Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
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Detail Levels
You can view a building model in three levels of detail: Coarse, Medium, and Fine. You can access these
levels from the Detail Level option on the View Control Bar. Changing the detail level affects the display
of the elements in a building model.
The following illustration shows the list of detail levels on the View Control Bar.
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The following illustrations show a model displayed in different detail levels. In the Coarse detail
level, the steel beam is shown by stick representation. In the Medium detail level, the steel beam is
displayed as an extruded shape, and in the Fine detail level as an extruded shape with fillets at the
corners.
Dimension
The Dimension tool applies specific dimensions to the detail. You use this tool for specifying
exact distances or placement instructions. Annotation elements, including dimensions, text, and
symbols, automatically adjust to the scale of the view. For example, if you change the scale of a view,
annotation elements automatically adjust to maintain their actual sizes on the sheet.
Text
The Text tool creates text annotation to add notes. You can insert wrapping or nonwrapping text
notes. As you place the text, you can specify a one-segment, two-segment, or arch leader. After the
text element is placed, you can add more leaders or remove the last leader added.
Symbol
You use the Symbol tool to place symbols in a drawing. Symbols are 2D annotation elements used
to document both the detail and plan views. A common detailing symbol is the weld symbol that
specifies the shape, length, and size of welds used to connect steel elements. You can modify the
appearance and placement of welding symbols by changing their properties.
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Fillet
Flare Bevel
Bevel
Back
Flare V
Slot
Square
Description
Indicates how the weld is grounded down, flush (flat), or convex (above
the surrounding surfaces).
Leader configuration
Weld all-around
Indicates that the field weld is created on-site and is not prefabricated.
Detail Line
The Detail Line tool places 2D lines in the detail view. These lines can trace over model components or
add lines that are not shown in the model. The Detail Line tool that you use for creating 2D detail lines
has the same drawing options as the Line tool that you use when creating walls, floors, or roofs, except
that detail lines are specific to a view. You use detail lines in drafting views, which have no reference to
the building model.
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Filled Region
Filled regions are detail elements that consist of line patterns within a border. You place a filled region
by sketching its border using the Filled Region tool and specifying a pattern to represent surfaces,
such as concrete or compacted earth. The line style for each sketch line can be defined separately.
Filled regions can be opaque or transparent. Opaque regions hide the surface on which they are
placed.
White and opaque filled regions are known as masking regions. You can set the edge lines of the filled
and masking regions to the invisible line type, which hides the edge lines.
Detail Component
You use the Detail Component tool to place 2D detail components, such as fasteners and connections,
in a detail view. Detail components may be actual construction components, such as bolts and CMU
blocks, or nonconstruction components, such as break lines.
Like annotation elements, detail components are visible only in the view in which you place them.
Unlike annotation elements, which automatically adjust to the scale of the view, detail components
maintain their actual size, independent of the scale of the view. Model elements also exhibit this
behavior.
You load the detail components into a file from the Detail Component libraries that are installed with
Revit. These detail components are stored according to the CSI MasterFormat.
After detail components are loaded and placed in the project, they cannot be exploded or
disassembled into separate lines and filled regions. However, you can create custom detail
components using the Family Editor.
The following illustrations show the 2D detail component family of an engineered wood joist.
Section view
Side view
Repeating Detail
Repeating details are used to create an array of detail components based on a specified pattern, such
as courses of CMU or reinforcing steel at specified spacing. In the Type Properties dialog box for a
repeating detail, you can specify the detail component for which an array needs to be created, and
the spacing and layout of the array. You can create an array only for a detail component that is loaded
into the current project.
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The following illustration shows the Type Properties dialog box for a repeating detail in which bolts are
spaced at 3" o.c.
CMU courses
Metal deck
Reinforcing steel
Detail Groups
You can assemble detail objects, such as detail lines, filled regions, and text to create detail groups. You
can group model and detail elements and combinations of both. You create a detail group by using the
tools from the Detail Group drop-down on the Detail panel of the Annotate tab. Creating detail groups
minimizes repetition of elements. You can place detail groups in many views, save them as library files,
and access them from the Project Browser.
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Description
Bring to Front
Places the detail element in front of all detail elements in the view.
Send to Back
Places the detail element behind all detail elements in the view.
Bring Forward
Moves the detail element incrementally closer to the front of all detail
elements in the view.
Send Backward
Moves the detail element incrementally closer to the back of all other
detail elements in the view.
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The following illustration shows a section detail view with drafted and model components. The floor
and walls are the model components to which text notes have been added. The insulation, siding,
baseboard, plywood, joist, sill, wall plate, and anchor bolt are all detail lines or components that have
been placed in the view.
The following illustration shows the detail view with filled region, detail lines, and detail components
without text.
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The following steps describe the process of saving and reusing a detail view.
1.
Select a view.
Select a view in the Project Browser that you want to save to a separate file. Select Save to New
File from the view shortcut menu.
Save the view.
Save the view as an RVT file in a selected library folder.
Insert the view.
Insert the view in another project, as required. You can insert schedules, drafting views, reports,
sheets, or 2D content from one project to another using Insert from File on the Import panel of
the Insert tab.
Open the view.
Open the inserted view to reuse it. You need to ensure that when you open a view for reuse, its
properties are also transferred to your project. You can also select a view scale for the view that
you want to reuse.
2.
3.
4.
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Copy details, such as detail lines, components, and text annotations, to the Clipboard and paste
them in other views to reuse them in multiple views. Reusing components saves time because you
do not need to re-create them from scratch.
Create and include frequently used detail components and repeating details in the project
template file. This saves time and effort during project documentation.
Create and use detail groups for grouping details that are repetitive, so that when you change the
detail group, the changes are made to that group throughout your project.
Add annotations and detail components to drafting or detail views and not to the sheet where you
place the views. This reduces work when you change the scale of the view or move a view from
one sheet to another.
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7.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Open i_rst_essentials_detail_view.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_detail_view.rvt. The file
opens in the Beam-Column Connection section
view. This displays beams and a floor at a
column intersection. No connections have been
specified.
Note: The illustrations for the metric dataset
will be slightly different from those shown
here.
Click Annotate tab > Detail panel > Detail Line
to start creating detail lines.
On the Place Detail Lines tab, Element panel,
select <Hidden> from the Line Style list to draw
lines for representing hidden faces in the metal
deck layer of the floor.
On the Draw panel, verify that the Line tool is
selected.
On the Options Bar:
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7.
8.
9.
Press ENTER.
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6.
2.
Click OK.
Activate the Mirror tool.
In the view window, click the column centerline
to mirror the new detail group on the beam
end on the right.
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8.
Click OK.
10. In the view window, zoom to fit the view.
11. Clear the selection.
12. Close the file without saving changes.
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Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
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Adding 3D Reinforcement
Reinforcement elements are 3D objects that you add to concrete sections. These elements are part of
the structural model and are also displayed in other views. You place reinforcement in concrete host
elements by using the tools on the Reinforcement panel of the Home tab.
You can add reinforcement in the following ways:
By placing reinforcement bars (rebars) parallel to the work plane of the current view
Based on the design requirements, you can use predefined reinforcement elements or create custom
elements. You can also specify layout rules for the reinforcement. The placed reinforcement appears
in all model views, but the sketched reinforcement appears as outline sketches in plan views and as
bars in section views.
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Rebar Cover
Concrete floor, slab, and wall model elements have instance parameters that are used to specify the
cover of the interior, exterior, and other faces. The 3D reinforcement elements are automatically
positioned to conform to the cover requirements of the concrete host element.
Load the required rebar shapes from the Imperial Library or Metric Library.
Click Home tab > Reinforcement panel > Rebar drop-down and select Place Rebar Perpendicular
to Work Plane or Place Rebar Parallel to Work Plane.
On the Options Bar, click [] to launch the Rebar Shape Browser for viewing various shape
profiles.
Specify the required rebar type and shape.
Place the rebar in the drawing.
Rotate the rebar, if required.
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Detail components are displayed only in the view in which they are added. They are not displayed in
other views because they are not part of the structural model.
Note: The default file location for the Metric Library is similar to that for the Imperial Library.
Click Annotate tab > Detail panel > Component drop-down > Detail Component.
Select the type of reinforcement detail component to be placed from the Type Selector
drop-down. The types of reinforcement detail components include Reinf Bar Bend, Reinf Bar
Elevation, and Reinf Bar Section for the various bar sizes.
2.
3.
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4.
In the concrete section view, place the detail component at the desired location. You can rotate
or change the orientation of the detail component using the SPACEBAR, either during or after
the placement.
Focus only on modeling essential 3D reinforcement elements so that the project is cost effective.
Overpopulating a design with nonessential elements takes time, increases the size of the Revit file,
and degrades the processing time of the software.
Place the 3D reinforcement in the model if the reinforcement is to be displayed in multiple views
so that if the spacing or size of the reinforcement changes, it is propagated to all associated views.
This saves time by eliminating the need to make the same change in multiple views.
Place detail components in concrete sections if the components are not to be displayed in other
views. This helps reduce the file size and increase the performance of the file.
Set the detail level of a view to Fine for displaying the extruded shape of the 3D reinforcement
elements. This allows you to see the actual bar dimensions and facilitates accurate placement of
the reinforcement.
Example
The following illustrations show section views of a footing with 3D reinforcement elements. Notice
that when the size of the footing is increased, the reinforcement elements are updated.
The following illustrations show section views of a footing with detail components. Notice that when
the size of the footing is increased, the detail components are not updated.
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4.
2.
3.
Open
i_rst_essentials_concrete_reinforcement.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_concrete_reinforcement.rvt.
The file opens in the Basement Footings
section view.
Note: The illustrations for the metric dataset
will be slightly different from those shown
here.
Click Annotate tab > Detail panel > Component
drop-down > Detail Component to start adding
a vertical reinforcement bar to the foundation
wall.
Select Reinf Bar Elevation : #_5 (M_Reinf Bar
Elevation : #16) from the Type Selector dropdown.
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6.
7.
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9.
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7.
8.
9.
Click OK.
To set the type parameters for the new
repeating detail, in the Type Properties dialog
box, under Pattern:
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5.
6.
7.
4.
Click OK.
Notice that the reinforcement moves up to
accommodate the revised cover requirement of
the footing element.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click OK.
Click OK to close the Instance Properties
dialog box. In the view window, notice that the
reinforcement still appears selected.
Click Modify Structural Rebar tab > Modify
panel > Mirror drop-down > Draw Mirror Axis.
In the view window, click the midpoint on the
left edge of the footing.
9.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
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The following steps describe the process of creating and reusing drafting views.
1.
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3.
4.
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Save drafting views so that members of other teams can reuse them. Saving drafting views allows
you to build a detail library with Revit files.
Work with your existing file system and ensure that the file names are relevant so that useful
files are visible and can be easily accessed by other users. Working with the existing file system
increases production speed and reduces errors.
Get your drafting views ready to print before saving them. For this, ensure that you post the
revised versions of views, if any details change, in the drafting views. This increases the design
production speed and reduces errors.
When you import a sheet of drafting views, the placement of views on the sheet is maintained.
This enables you to create and reuse standard detail sheets. When you import a sheet, the
titleblock on the sheet is updated with project information and the sheet name is incremented
according to your sheet naming convention.
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6.
2.
3.
Open i_rst_essentials_draftingviews.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_draftingviews.rvt. The file
opens in the SECOND FLR. structural plan view.
Note: The illustrations for the metric dataset
will be slightly different from those shown
here.
To create a drafting view, click View tab >
Create panel > Drafting View.
In the New Drafting View dialog box:
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4.
5.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click OK.
18. Click Finish Region to finish sketching the
region.
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6.
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8.
9.
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4.
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5.
6.
7.
8.
Click OK.
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4.
5.
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Click OK.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. Click Modify.
9. Activate the Text tool.
10. To specify the longitudinal bars, ensure that
Text : 3/32" Arial Open Dot (Text : 2.5mm Arial
Open Dot) is selected in the Type Selector
drop-down.
Note: The open dot leader text type has been
preloaded into the dataset. It was created by
duplicating an existing text type and assigning
the open dot leader.
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Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
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393
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Explode Tool
Using the Explode tool on the Import Instance panel, you can explode the import symbol either
partially or fully.
A partial explode breaks the import symbol into either Revit annotation elements or more import
symbols, depending on the nested blocks in the imported CAD file. A full explode breaks the import
symbol into Revit annotation elements.
In the following illustration, detail line properties are imported from CAD layers. On importing, an
exploded dimension line becomes a detail line with the S-ANNO-TEXT line style. You can assign a line
weight or linetype to this line style. The assigned line weight or linetype applies to all detail lines that
are originally present on a layer.
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Place drafting views with standard imported CAD details into your project templates if your
organization regularly creates similar project designs and has an extensive CAD details library. By
following this practice, you can reduce the detailing time for new projects.
Save the settings in the Import Line Weights dialog box according to the standards of your
organization at an early stage in the design development process. If you receive DWG files from
various sources, save the settings for each source and provide the saved standards to all the
design teams. Following this practice saves time and promotes accuracy.
Build a time allowance into each project to make a certain percentage of the drafted details Revitbased. This is required because if the imported CAD files are not accurate for the current project,
cleaning up the imported details may require additional time.
Link the CAD files to Revit instead of importing them if the files are likely to change during the
course of a project. Linking enables you to reload the CAD files when drafters update them.
Following this practice saves time and enhances accuracy.
Note: Linking multiple CAD files to a Revit project can adversely affect the performance of your
computer.
Include all the details for a system in the same view when creating the drafting views for a Revit
project. By following this practice, you can prepare the document set for a project more quickly, as
the details that do not apply can be easily deleted.
Convert CAD details to Revit details by importing CAD files into Revit and exploding them into
Revit annotation elements. Converting the details library from CAD to Revit eliminates the need to
work in both CAD and Revit, resulting in a more efficient workflow.
Export views to CAD formats and import CAD files to drafting views when other members of your
project team are working in CAD. This allows detailers who are proficient in programs other than
Revit to participate in a Revit project.
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Example
The following illustrations show various imported DWG files.
DWG file imported to and partially exploded in Revit. Dimensions are imported as lines and text.
Three details of a slab, which is set to Slab on Grade, included in a drafting view.
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7.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Open i_rst_essentials_dwg_detail.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_dwg_detail.rvt. The file opens
in the SECOND FLR. structural plan view.
Note: The illustrations for the metric dataset
will be slightly different from those shown
here.
To specify a view for placing the DWG file, click
View tab > Create panel > Drafting View.
In the New Drafting View dialog box:
Click OK.
Notice that the drafting view is an empty 2D
view.
To define the line weights settings before
importing the DWG file, click Insert tab >
Import panel > dialog launcher.
Click OK.
Click Insert tab > Import panel > Import CAD.
To specify the DWG file to be opened, in the
Import CAD Formats dialog box:
8.
9.
Select AOTC.txt.
Click Open.
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2.
3.
4.
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9.
Click OK.
Click OK to close the Line Graphics dialog box.
Notice that black lines appears in the Lines
column.
Click OK.
Enter VG to open the Visibility/Graphic
Overrides dialog box.
To modify the line weights for lines
representing the edges of the steel members,
on the Imported Categories tab:
Expand Brace_Connection.dwg.
Click OK.
15. In the view window, zoom in to the import
symbol.
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Chapter
12
Creating Construction
Documentation
Revit allows you to easily produce all the standard construction documents required for a project, and
to export content to CAD formats to effectively share data.
In this chapter, you learn how to work with sheets and titleblocks, print sheets, and export Revit
Structure content to CAD formats.
Chapter Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
Chapter Overview
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Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
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Definition of Sheets
A sheet is an individual page of a construction document set. You can add plan, elevation, section,
schedule, and 3D views to a sheet. You can also add annotation elements, including text, detail lines,
and symbols. When creating a new sheet, you specify the titleblock that you want to use for the sheet.
Definition of Titleblocks
Titleblocks define the size and appearance of a sheet. You place titleblocks on a sheet to clearly display
information specific to a project, such as the project name and sheet-specific information, which
includes the sheet name and number. When placing a titleblock on a sheet, you can either use the
standard titleblocks included in the imperial or metric library, or create customized titleblocks based
on the project requirements. You can customize titleblocks to create sheets of various sizes. You can
also delete or replace a titleblock in a sheet by changing the titleblock type.
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After you make changes to a structural design and revise the sheet views, you can lock a revision by
issuing it. This ensures that you have a record of the revision and no further changes can be made to
the design. You then publish the revised design to make the revision available to your team members.
Revision Clouds
Revision clouds are annotation elements that are used to graphically indicate changes to the
construction documents. You place a revision cloud on a view by drawing its outline. You can sketch
revision clouds in all views except the 3D view. You can view a revision cloud only in the view in which
it is sketched. After you place the revision cloud, you can add a revision tag to identify the revision
cloud.
The following illustration shows a revision cloud placed in a plan view.
You can draw multiple revision clouds for every revision in a revision table. A revision cloud has certain
read-only properties. However, you can also set additional properties, such as revision, comment, and
mark, for each revision cloud.
The following table describes the read-only properties of a revision cloud.
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Property
Description
Revision Number
Revision Date
Property
Description
Issued To
Provides details about the entity, such as the builder or client, to whom
the revision is being issued.
When a revision is issued, the construction documents are officially
updated to include the change that the revision specifies. After a revision
is issued, no further revision clouds are possible for that revision number
and a new revision number needs to be created in the revision table.
Note: To edit an issued revision, you need to unlock it by clearing the
Issued check box in the Sheet Issues/Revisions dialog box. However,
unlocking an issued revision is not advisable.
Issued By
Provides details about the issuer of the revision, such as the reviewing
engineer.
Revision Tags
You use revision tags to identify revision clouds and map them to the corresponding date and
description listed in the revision schedule. When you tag a revision cloud, the tags are numbered on
the basis of the numbering method that you specified while creating the revision table. You can tag a
revision cloud even if the revision has been issued.
A revision cloud
A revision tag
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Revision Schedule
A revision schedule displays information derived from revision clouds. It is a part of a titleblock that
can be viewed only in the sheet view. Most titleblocks that Revit provides include revision schedules,
and you can place revision schedules in custom titleblocks. As you add views with revision clouds to a
sheet, the revision information is automatically displayed in the revision schedule in a titleblock. The
schedule tracks only the revision numbers and not the actual changes in the project. You can also edit
the revision schedule to modify columns or headings.
The following illustration shows a revision schedule in a titleblock.
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The following steps describe the process of creating sheets by using customized titleblocks.
1.
Open titleblock.
Open a blank titleblock by clicking New > Title Block on the application menu.
Specify sheet size.
Specify the sheet size by selecting the appropriate template. Standard templates are available in
the Titleblocks folder in the imperial and metric libraries.
Customize titleblock.
Customize the titleblock by adding the linework required to define the drawing and title areas.
You can import a JPG or a BMP image file to insert a logo, if required. You can also add text and
labels for variables, such as the sheet number and sheet title.
Save titleblock.
Save the titleblock as a family file.
Open a sheet.
Open a sheet in a project by right-clicking Sheets (All) in the Project Browser and selecting New
Sheet.
Load titleblock.
Load the customized titleblock from the Select a Titleblock dialog box into the new sheet.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Note: You can either load a customized titleblock or use a standard titleblock from the imperial
or metric library.
Place view on sheet.
Place a view on the sheet by dragging the required view from the Project Browser.
Change title of view.
Change the title of the view by selecting the view, opening its properties, and editing either the
New Name field or the Title on Sheet field in the Instance Properties dialog box.
7.
8.
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4.
Click near the elements you have changed to start creating a revision cloud.
Move the cursor in a clockwise direction and click to create a segment of the cloud.
Keep clicking until all the segments of the cloud are drawn and the ends of the clouds are
connected.
On the Revision Cloud panel, click Finish Cloud to exit sketch mode.
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Plan for extra time on initial Revit projects for creating titleblocks according to the graphic
standards of your organization. You can load these titleblocks into the project templates and
use them to create a few standard sheets in the project templates. This way, you can reduce the
titleblock creation time for future projects.
Activate a view after placing it on a sheet if you wish to add annotations to the view. This allows
you to see the effects of adding elements to the active view, on adjacent views on the sheet,
which saves editing time and prevents elements overlapping on the sheets.
Pin views and titleblocks in position on a sheet after placing them to prevent the views and
titleblocks from being inadvertently moved after you have a working page layout. This prevents
errors and saves time. You can unpin views to change their location, if required.
Use the built-in Revit revision tools to track revisions. These tools automatically associate revision
clouds, tags, and the schedule. The built-in revision tools are internally coordinated and eliminate
the errors that may occur when the revision clouds, tags, and schedules are manually drafted.
Spend time to use the supplied revision schedule components and alter their appearance to suit
your organizational standards when creating custom company titleblocks. This saves time when
you use the parametric revision annotations in Revit.
Show or hide issued revisions in accordance with your company standards. In a project with many
revisions, you might want to print and save versions of sheet files as revisions are issued and then
turn off the visibility of issued revisions to reduce visual clutter. You can turn on issued revisions
later if you need to print them.
Assemble the sheets before annotating the views. This enables you to identify the views that you
need to document and to establish the view scales prior to adding the annotation, making the
documentation process more efficient.
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2.
Open i_rst_essentials_project_titleblock.rfa or
m_rst_essentials_project_titleblock.rfa.
A sheet is displayed, as shown.
3.
4.
5.
3.
4.
5.
Click Open.
To place the logo, in the view window:
6.
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7.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click OK. Notice that the sheet number
A101 is displayed in the titleblock.
Exit the Label tool.
In the view window, click the sheet number to
select it.
8.
9.
7.
8.
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9.
Ensure that
i_rst_essentials_project_titleblock
15. To add the current date and time, in the Edit
(m_rst_essentials_project_titleblock) is
Label dialog box:
selected in the Select a Titleblock list.
Click OK.
Category Parameters list. The Date/Time
Notice
that the new sheet opens with the
stamp parameter is added under Label
titleblock.
Parameters.
Click OK.
Notice that the current date and time are
displayed on the sheet.
16. Exit the Label tool.
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7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
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Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
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Print Settings
To print views or sheets, you specify print settings, such as the name of the printer and the number
of copies to print, in the Print dialog box. You use the View/Sheet Set dialog box to specify views or
sheets that you want to print.
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The following table describes the various sections in the Print dialog box, which you use to specify the
print settings.
Section
Description
Printer
Specifies the name of the printer or plotter to which you want to print the
sheets of a project. The status, type, and location of the selected printer
or plotter are displayed automatically. To configure the printer or plotter,
click Properties.
If you do not want to print a view or sheet immediately, you can select the
Print to File check box. This saves the view or sheet as a PLT or PRN file
that you can print later. These PLT and PRN file formats are read in specific
hardware and software combinations.
File
Specifies whether you want to print multiple selected views and sheets to
a single file or separate files. This section is active only when printing to a
file.
Print Range
Specifies the print range as either the active window, the visible portion
of the active window, or the selected views and sheets. You can select the
views and sheets that you want to print in the View/Sheet Set dialog box.
Note: If you select the active window or the visible portion of the active
window as the print range, you can preview the print job before you send
it to a printer.
Options
Specifies the number of copies that you want to print. For a multiple-page
print job, you select the Reverse Print Order check box to print the view or
sheet set in the reverse order. You can also select the Collate check box to
print the complete view or sheet set before the next copy is printed.
Settings
Specifies the default print settings. Click Setup to access the Print Setup
dialog box where you specify and save the print setup settings as the
default settings.
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In the View/Sheet Set dialog box, you can select the Sheets check box in the Show section to display
only the sheet names. You can also select the Views check box to display only the view names. Then, to
create a set of views and sheets that you want to print, you can select the check boxes corresponding
to the required views and sheets. You can also save the set of selected views and sheets with a specific
name by clicking SaveAs.
You can click Check All to select all check boxes or Check None to clear all check boxes
corresponding to the sheet or view names.
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Description
Paper
Specifies the size of the paper on which you want to print a view or a
sheet. You can also specify the source of paper as manual feed or printer
trays.
Orientation
Paper Placement
Specifies whether the view or sheet should be printed at the center of the
paper or at a specific offset from the corner of the paper.
Note: If you select User Defined from the Offset From Corner list, you
need to enter the offset values for the X and Y coordinates.
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Setting
Description
Zoom
Specifies whether you want to fit the view or sheet to the size of the
paper or zoom the view or sheet to a percentage of the original size.
Appearance
Options
View Links in Blue: Prints view and sheet links in blue. By default,
these links are printed in black.
Hide Unreferenced View Tags: Does not print section, elevation, and
callout tags that are not on sheets.
Replace Halftone with Thin Lines: Prints elements that are half toned
as thin dark lines.
Create drawing sheets in the project templates for your company and place views on the drawing
sheets at an early stage in a project. As the project develops, the drawing sheets and viewports
update automatically, and you can print the sheets at any time. This saves time later during the
construction documentation phase.
Save multipage print setups as part of project templates. These setups can be calibrated to
different project stages. For example, when a project is in a conceptual design stage, the concept
design setup may print 3D views but not sheets. However, during design development, you can
print plans, external elevations, and 3D views placed on sheets. Using multipage print setups saves
time when printing the drawing set.
Set the Zoom setting to 50% and specify the paper size to half of the full-size sheet in the
Print Setup dialog box to print a half-size sheet. A half-size set of drawings is convenient and
manageable for internal coordination and uses less paper. However, printing a full-size set is
recommended to ensure the quality of the plot before submitting a final drawing set.
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2.
3.
Click Select.
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Open i_rst_essentials_sheets.rvt or
m_rst_essentials_sheets.rvt. The file opens in
the S-4.1 Wall Sections view.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click OK.
Click OK to close the Print Setup dialog box.
Click SaveAs.
In the New dialog box, to name the selected
sheet set:
Click OK.
Click OK to close the View/Sheet Set dialog box.
8.
5.
6.
3.
4.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click Save.
In the Print dialog box:
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Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
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Exporting 3D Views
When you export a 3D view, the actual 3D model is exported and not a 2D representation of the
model. To export a 2D representation of the 3D model, you add the 3D view to a sheet and then export
the sheet view. The model graphics style set for the sheet view is visible in the exported file.
Illustrations 1 and 2 show the 3D model before export to AutoCAD, and illustrations 3, 4, and 5 show
the model after export.
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Controlling Visibility
You can control the properties of the view to be exported by changing its visibility settings. For
example, if you do not want to export the cut pattern of a floor or the column tags in a plan view, you
can turn them off by using the Visibility/Graphic Overrides dialog box. You can also control visibility for
the exported view by turning on or off layers in the CAD application.
Mapping Layers
When you export a Revit view to CAD applications, the model and annotation elements in the view
are mapped by category to preconfigured layer names. As part of the process of exporting the view to
CAD, you can customize the mapping settings to conform to your company or project standards. You
can save the customized mapping settings as a text file and load them into multiple projects. You can
also use the following predefined mapping standards:
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In the following illustration, the same wall and extrusion have been joined. The first row in the
illustration displays the edge lines in Revit, and the second row displays the edge lines after exporting
them to the CAD format. The images from left to right are in wireframe, hidden line, and shading with
edges view modes.
The following steps describe the process of exporting views to other CAD formats.
1.
2.
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3.
4.
Note: The option for creating xrefs is automatically selected for the DGN and SAT files, but it is
unavailable for DXF files.
Export the view.
Export the view to the specified destination by clicking Export.
5.
Create layer setting files for mapping the Revit elements to the CAD standards your clients use.
You can speed up the export process and reduce errors by using client-specific layer setting files.
Specify which plan, elevation, section, 3D, and sheet views you want to export when exporting
views to CAD. For example, you can create a set containing the sheets for a specific submittal. You
can also create a set containing structural plan views for coordination. The view and sheet sets
can be saved and reused for future exports. By creating view and sheet sets, you can speed up the
process of exporting views to CAD formats.
Export drafting and detail views to CAD formats to build a standard detail library for design teams
working in CAD. Use of the standard detail library helps you share the details created in Revit with
others who use CAD in your organization.
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1.
2.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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9.
Appendix
A
Additional Resources
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435
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Appendix
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Appendix