‘The SKF Group is an international manufacturing and ‘marketing organisation operating in more than 130 countries. SKF has some 100 factories worldwide, SKF sales units are backed up by some 200 branch sales offices and over 7 000 distributors and retailers. Worldwide availability of SKF bearings is supported by a comprehensive technical advisory service. Apart from rolling bearings, SKF manufactures linear bear- ings, plain bearings, bearing housings, ball and roller screws, textile machinery components, airframe com- ponents, seals, retaining rings, machine tools and a variety of precision machine components. The experi- ‘ence gained in these various fields provides SKF with the knowledge and expertise so necessary for the de- velopment, manufacture, and application of advanced engineering products. © Copyright SKF 1993 ‘The contents of this publication are the copyright of the publisher and may not be reproduced (even ex- tracts) unless permission is granted. Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information, in this publication but no liability can be accepted for any errors or omissions. Publication 4202 E Reg. 842 3 - 5 000 : 1993-06 Printed in Sweden by Skandia-TryckerietBearings in vibrating screens Application handbookContents Nomenclature. Basic requirements and recommendations ... Design of equipment and process : Bearing performance requirements. Bearing design Spherical roller bearings... Cylindrical roller bearings Bearing selection Vibrating screens with free movement or two-bearing screens) " Circular motion or four-bearing screens 12 Vibrator units with linear motion ... . 13 ibrator motors e 14 Additional calculation methods... 14 ‘Spherical roller bearings. 14 Cylindrical roller bearings 14 Bearing application Fitting practices : Outer ring ovality - a Sealing Typical appiications Tra ‘ ‘Two-bearing or free movement screen with grease lubrication... ‘Two-bearing or free movement screen with oil bath lubrication ‘Two-bearing or free movement screen with oil circulation Four-bearing screen with grease lubrication Linear motion mechanism with oil mist lubrication ... Linear motion gearbox z Vibrator motor. Lubrication... Grease lubrication Oil lubrication : Mounting and maintenance Bearing tables Spherical roller bearings . Cylindrical roller bearings SKFNomenclature g 3 z Quantity Basic dynamic load rating Basic static load rating Maximum housing diameter Minimum housing diameter Calculation factor Axial force Maximum permissible axial load Mass of vibrating screen sieve without charge Mass of vibrating screen counterweights Calculation factors Rotational speed Equivalent dynamic load Equivalent dynamic radial load Bearing fatigue load limit Radius of vibration Maximum deviation from axis of os Distance between common centre of gravity of the ‘counterweights and the shaft axis Number of bearings Number of eccentric bearings Number of frame bearings Labyrinth seal gap dimensions, axial Labyrinth seal gap dimensions, radial Calculation factors PPPs ar DO7.N2 990 Bp 7.0v VS. x x Calculation factor Diametral clearance after mounting Viscosity r Angular velocity aay exPe ey Ee (10) Ps (14) ,87 P, + YF, Appropriate values of the calculation factors e, Y, and Y, are found in the bearing tables for each bearing, sée pages 32 and 33. 14 Cylindrical roller bearings indrical roller bearings with flanges on both inner iets rings can carry axial loads if the orientation of the flanges permits, eg type NJ. For the cylindrical roller bearing series 23 the equations become: P=P, when FJ/P,se (12) P=0,92P,+YF, when F/P,>@ (13) where @ = calculation factor 2 for bearings of series 10, 2, 3 and 4 ,3 for bearings of series 22 and 23 Y = axial load factor .6 for bearings of series 10, 2, 3 and 4 4 for bearings of series 22 and 23 Since axially loaded cylindrical roller bearings will only operate satisfactorily when they are subjected to a simultaneously acting radial load, the ratio F,/P, should not exceed 0,5 for EC design bearings. Dynamic axial load carrying capacity Bearings with flanges on both inner and outer rings can support axial loads in addition to radial loads. Their axial load carrying capacity is not primarily determined by the fatigue strength of the material but by the load carrying capacity of the sliding surfaces at the roller end and flange contact, and thus mainly governed by the lubrication, operating temperature issipation from the bearing. Assuming the conditions cited below, the permissible axial load can be calculated with sufficient accuracy from k,C, 10% Fyp= t=, _ &P, (4) where F,.= maximum permissible axial load, N Cf = basic load rating, N P, = equivalent radial load, N (see pages 11 to 14) n' = operating speed, r/min d_ =bearing bore, mm k, = 1,5 with oil lubrication and 1 with grease lubrication ky =0,15 with oil lubrication and 0,1 with grease lubrication The above equation is based on conditions which are considered typical for normal bearing operations: = a difference of 60 °C between the bearing operating temperature and the ambient temperature; — a specific heat loss from the bearing of 0,5 mWimm? °C; = avviscosity ratio x = 2. SKFThe viscosity ratio x is the ratio of the actual viscosity v at the operating temperature to the requisite viscos- ity v, for adequate lubrication at that temperature, For grease lubrication, the base oil viscosity should be Used for v. If x is less than 2 friction will increase and there will be wear. The values of the permissible axial load F,, ob- ied from the equation are valid for a contiriuously acting constant axial load. Where the axial loads act only for short periods, the values may be multiplied by 2 oF for shock loads by 3. The constantly acting axial load F, (in Newtons) applied to the bearing should never &xceed the nu- merical value of 1,2 D® (where D = outside diameter of the bearing in mm) and the occasional shock loads should never be greater than the numerical value of 3D To obtain an even flange load and a sufficient running accuracy of the shaft, the axial runout of the abutment surfaces of the associated components of, cylindrical roller bearings subjected to heavy axial loads should be given particular attention. SKF 15Bearing application Fitting practices The bearing housings should be made of steel or spheroidal graphite cast iron. In order to eliminate the risk of deformation, the thickness of the housing material in the radial direction should correspond to at least 40% of the bearing width. On account of the rotating load on the outer ring of the eccentric bearings these must be fitted with an interference fit in the housing to prevent movement of the outer ring relative to the housing and consequent wear. Satisfactory operation is generally obtained with ‘small and medium sized bearings when the housing seating is made to N6 tolerance; PS is the suitable tolerance with large bearings. As explained earlier ‘small axial movements of the shaft must be accom- modated. With cylindrical roller bearings (NJ type) this movement can be tolerated due to the internal design of the bearing, thus the inner ring can be mounted with an interference fit to the shaft. The recommended shaft tolerance is k6, these tolerances are shown in Table 1. For spherical roller bearings such movement cannot be accommodated within the bearing and thus the inner ring of the non-locating bearing must be easily displaceable on the shal, the recommended tolerance for the journal seating is 16 or g6, these tolerances are shown in Table 2. The frame bearings of four bearing screens can be fitted with withdrawal sleeves and the journal tolerance h9/ITS is applicable, while H7 is the recommended housing tolerance. ‘The bores for the bearing housings in the soreen box sides or in the spacer tube flanges should be made to H7 tolerance and the corresponding mating surface of the housing machined to h7. Outer ring ovality The roundness of the housing directly influences the roundness of the bearing outer ring. Thus if the hous- ing is out of round the bearing outer ring adopts a similar shape. In the application of frame mounted bearings any ovality of the outer rings has an influ- SKF ence on the bearing performance. This is because the load zone rotates with respect to the outer ring and thus the effective clearance of the bearing changes during every rotation of the bearing. The effect of any housing ovality is also influenced by the residual radial clearance of the bearing after mounting (A,). A graph showing the influence of bearing residual radial clear- ance on spherical roller bearing rating life (Ljo,) for different levels of housing ovality is shown in fig 10. The graph only considers the effect of ovality on bearing rating life. However bearing ring ovality has the additional effects of increasing the risk of fretting and increasing operating temperature, thus reducing grease life, so the actual effect on bearing service life could be greater than that shown on the graph. It can be seen from the graph that with a completely round housing an increase in bearing life is obtained with a slight preload (or negative clearance). The graph also indicates that any further decrease in clearance (eg from heat) will dramatically reduce the bearing life. For this reason itis important that the bearing should always operate with clearance. The graph is non-dimensional (using the factor 8g in, both the clearance and ovality terms) to allow the graph to be applied to any spherical roller bearing. Terms used in the graph are given below, 087 yo ~ 0,002 (D -9 (2) () (18) 0 where Cy = basic static load rating, N F, =radial load, N 1 = beating bore, mm earing outside diameter, mm earing width, mm 7Bearing application Table 1 Shaft and housing tolerances, cylindrical roller bearings Bearing Shaft! Deviations Gylindricity Housing’ Deviations —_Cylindricty, tolerance (oial radial” tolerance (otal racial runout) runout). msi2 irae =o mm ym hm mmm km : NW 905 EC Skee ei 45 ezine 4 NY 2305 EC 255 AN 2 45 e2IN6 4 NJ 306 EC SUNS een Neo 2 45 72N6 4 NJ 2306 EC SONS 2 45 72IN6 4 Nd 307 EC 35K5 13 55 BONG 4 NJ 2307 EC. S5n5 133 55 BONE 4 NJ 308 €C ads aa 55 SONNE 5 NJ 2308 EC ans 133 55 SONG 8 NJ 309 EC “R518 55 to0/Ne 8 NJ 2309 EC “KB 133 55 00/6 5 NJ3I0EC SOK 133 55 4106 5 NI2310 EC SOS 13D 55 +106 8 Nu2311 EC. 5K 152 65 120/N6 5 NU2312 EC cos 182 85 40/N6 6 NJ2313 EC oD 85 1406 6 NU2314 EC ows 1B 85 150N6 6 Nu2315 EC Tsims okt 66 160/28 6 NJ2316 EC. aoums bk 65 1706 6 NJ 2317 EC ems 28878 18026 6 NJ 2318 EC soms 281378 4190/6 7 NJ 2320 EC jooms 281378 2i5PS zi NJ 2322 EC Moms 2813. 5 2A0/E8 7 NJ 2324 EC soms 281378 260/P6 a NJ 2325 EC j90ms $315 280'P6 8 NJ 2328 EC woms 3315 ‘300'P6 8 NJ2330 EC toms 335 2016 8 Other terms used in the graph: 4,= diametral intemal clearance after mounting, mm. Diax~ Dmin = housing ovality, mm (see graph) Example Bearing 22320 CCJAW33VA405 d= 100mm 215mm 73mm 800 000 N 140 000 N 4, = 0,065 mm Diag ~ Drag = 0,130 mm Equation 15 gives 0,065 Thus, Ae 24 ang On=Pnin 2 50 ‘0 18 From the graph, L = =0,75 by Thus with this degree of housing ovality the bearing will give 25 % lower rating life than if the housing were completely round. This analysis highlights the importance of housing roundness. In some cases housings can become oval during the life of the machine. This means that any replacement bearing fitted to an old housing might be performing in adverse conditions. Care should be taken therefore to inspect the roundness of housings when replacement bearings are fitted and remedial action taken if the housing bore is unacceptably out of round SKFTable 2 Shatt and housing tolerances, spherical roller bearings Bearing Shay Deviations Surface Cylindricity Housing’ Deviations Cylindricty tolerance roughness (jlal racial’ tolerance (otal racial R, runout) runout) ir572 iraia = mm ym am Bm mm uum um 22308 CCIW93A15 4098-9 18 55 pone = 38 18 g 22309 CCIW/33A15 45969 16 85 iON == 38 = 16S 22810 CCW33A15 sogs 8 t6 55 MONG 38-16 22311 CCMWS3A15 S598 - 10 18 85 sone 38-165 22312 CCWS3A15 6096 © = 10 16 65 YONG 45-206 22313 CCIW33A15 8595-10 16 65 140N6 45-206 22314 COWS3A15 7olg6 © = 10 16 65 1S0IN6 45-20 6 22315 CCJAIW3V A405 7598-10 16 65 160/PE of -3 6 22516 CCJAWS3VA405 e096 © 10 16 6s 1706 61-88 22317 COJAW33VA405 B56 36 6 18 106 61-95 gore — 36 8 75 ygore = 70-417 9516 36 6 75 pops = 70 417 roots = 36 18 78 215P6 70 417 14016 = —36 16 ze Bagg 70-417 12016 — 36 16 7 260PE 9 47 8 19018-4368 16 a 280/P6 a qaorg = 43-6816 9 00/6 a 1sofs = 43-68 116 9 20/6 8 16016 = 43 46 9g 340/P6 8 yore = 43-68 116 9 360/26 8 yeors = 43 68 116 3 380/P6 8 19016 -50 -79 1,6 10 4onre = 87-519 2oors = -50 -79 16 10 4206-95-55 10 Graph showing influence of residual clearance and housing ovalty on spherical roller bearing tite Te SKF 19Bearing application Sealing The New Life Theory of SKF, developed to determine the lives of bearings in realistic service conditions, highlights the importance of cleanliness. In view of the fact that vibrating machines normally work in very dusty surroundings, the sealing must be effective so that foreign matter will not penetrate and reduce the life of the bearings. Even a small ingress of con- tamination can have a dramatic effect on bearing life. is generally recommended to use labyrinth seals, the ‘gaps of which should be dimensioned according to fig 8. Itis important to note that labyrinth seals are only effective so long as the passages are purged regularly with clean grease. Maintenance procedures should be ‘drawn up to accommodate this requirement. \V-ring seals are often used in conjunetion with labyrinth seals. Examples of such arrangements are shown in figs 12 to 17. V-ring seals provide a good standard of sealing for most applications. In applications which demand a superior sealing arrangement the V-ring seal should be replaced by a sprung lip seal (garter lip seal), e.g. CR HDW"’. For grease lubricated applications the seal should be orientated facing ‘outwards’ as shown in fig 11. In oil lubricated applications the seal orientation should be reversed to retain the oil and an additional seal used to prevent the ingress of contamination; this principle is shown in fig 14, page 23. From CR Industes, a member of the SKF Group ‘Sprung radial ip seal 1” SKFTypical applications Two-bearing or free movement screen with grease lubrication The sealing cover and collar on the journal incorporate a labyrinth seal, see fig 12. In order to achieve an even better sealing effect the labyrinth arrangement is supplemented with a V-ring. The bearing is protected on its inner side by a gap seal ‘Two-bearing or free movement screen with grease lubrication Grease is supplied through the holes in the middle of the outer ring (W33 feature) and in this way both rows of rollers can be lubricated effectively. Upon relubrication the old grease is pressed out past the \V-ring and through the inboard gap seal as well. Note: the drive side is drawn above the centreline, the non-drive side below. 2 SKF aBearing application Two-bearing or free movement screen with oil bath lubrication A labyrinth seal in combination with a V-ring arrange- ment is also recommended when cil lubrication is, employed, see fig 13. The inner V-ring, which is to prevent leakage of oil, must be installed with the lip facing outwards. Extra protection against foreign matter is obtained by using another V-ring with the lip facing inwards. The outer section of the labyrinth can be filled with grease via a duct in the sealing cover. A deflector disc adjacent to the bearing reduces the flow of cil towards the sealing Oil is supplied and drained off through holes in the bearing housing that are normally plugged. The oil should be maintained at a level in line with the centre of the lowest roller and it must be possible to check the level from outside. Note: the drive side is drawn above the centreline, the non-drive side below. Two-bearing screen or free movement screen with oil bath lubri 13 22 SKFTwo-bearing or free movement screen, oil circulation lubrication The seals in the outer side of the bearing arrangement are designed in the same way as for oil bath lubrica- tion. The lip type seal on the inner side prevents. leakage of oil into the spacer tube, see fig 14. Oil is supplied through the holes in the middle of the outer ring and there is a duct in the base of the hous- ing through which the oil can pass from one side of the bearing to the other. The outlet is situated in such a way that the oil level is always in line with the centre of the lowest roller. The housing is equipped with a separate drainage. Note: the drive side is drawn above the centreline, the non-drive side below. ‘Two-bearing or free movement screen, cil circulation lubrication 4 SKF 23Bearing application Four-bearing screen with grease lubrication The eccentric bearings are applied in the same way as the bearings in screens with free movement. The frame bearings are mounted on withdrawal sleeves. The housings for these bearings have laby- rinth seals on both sides in combination with V-rings, see fig 15. In order to prevent the withdrawal sleeve being inadvertently forced further up into the bearing when the pulley or end sleeve is being mounted, the width of the sealing collar must be selected so that it is somewhat less than the distance between the with- drawal sleeve and the outer shoulder of the shaft. ‘Shims are then placed between the withdrawal sleeve and the collar so that the outer face of the collar and shoulder are in alignment. Note: the drive side is drawn above the centreline, the non-drive side below. Four-bearing screen with grease lubrication 6 24 SKFear motion mechanism with oil mist lubrication Fig 16 shows a vibrator unit for a dump grate used in foundries for shaking the castings out of the moulds and separating sand from castings. In this case the bearings are lubricated by oil mist supplied through holes in the outer ring (W33 feature) The oil level is regulated by means of washers on the inner side of the bearings. Surplus air is expelled through the V-ring seals, labyrinths and through holes in the casing. Linear motion mechanism with oll mist lubrication 16 SKFBearing application Linear motion gearbox Separate eccentric motion gearboxes are sometimes attached to the screen box rather than using an integ- ral mechanism, see fig 17. This has the benefit of allowing a spare unit to be fitted to the screen while the first undergoes maintenance, thereby reducing the downtime of the vibrating screen. The arrangement uses oil bath lubrication and is, sealed with a combined V-ring and labyrinth arrange- ment. In order to minimise the flow of oil to the seal region a deflector disc is also used. Provision for a non-located bearing is not always necessary in this arrangement. This is because the shaft is short; thus the amount of axial movement of the shaft relative to the housings due to thermal effects is small. When this movement is sufficiently small the bearing perform- ance is not affected if fully located. The eccentric weights are attached symmetrically outboard of each bearing, thereby minimising shaft bending. The illustration shows cylindrical roller bear- ings, however spherical roller bearings are also used in this application. Linear motion gearbox aE Detail of grease lubreationfeature for Tabyanth 7 Deatit of ‘ll etuen feature 26 SKFVibrator motor Vibrator motors are widely used on smaller vibrating ‘screens. Being completely enclosed sealing is made somewhat more simple. Fig 18 shows a vibrator motor incorporating cylindrical roller bearings with grease lubrication. Most units do not have a relubrication feature and are sealed-for-life units. The bearings are mounted to give axial clearance to accommodate axial thermal movements of the shaft. It should be noted that in smaller vibrator motors deep groove ball bearings can also be used. Such units are uncommon on vibrating screens. ‘Vibrator motor 18 SKF a7Bearing application Lubrication Grease lubrication If operating conditions permit, grease lubrication should be selected for the bearings in vibrating ma- chinery, as this method enables a relatively simple design of the arrangement as a whole, and of the seals in particular, to be achieved. In normal cases a lithium base grease may be used having a consistency of 2 or 3.on the NGLI scale and with a minimum base oil viscosity of 90 to 160 mm‘/s (90 to 160 cSt) at 40 °C. The grease should contain rust inhibiting and EP additives, eg SKF LGEP 2. Experience has shown that a supplementary addition of 1 to 3% molybdenum disulphide is also beneficial, e.g. SKF LGEM 2. In view of the vibrations, the mechanical stability of the grease has to be good in order to prevent excessive softening or oil separation from the soap base (bleeding). When hot material is being screened, the operating temper- ature of the bearing will require the use of a high temperature grease, such as a sodium-synthetic grease or bentonite grease. Particulars of suitable amounts of grease and relubrication intervals are listed in Table 4. The installation of an automatic lubricator, administering ‘small quantities of grease intermittently, will facilitate maintenance and at the same time improve lubrica- tion Oil lubrication Oil lubrication has to be employed when the speed or temperature precludes the use of grease. Oil bath lubrication is then the simplest method. Circulating oil, possibly combined with a cooling system, is some- times used, particularly for large screens, in order to control the bearing temperature. Oil mist lubrication is used primarily for small bearing arrangements running at high speeds, the positive pressure providing effect- ive protection against the ingress of contamination. An oxidation resistant. |mnineral oil having a minimum viscosity of 40 to 80 mm/s (40 to 80 cSt) at 40 °C is recommended and this oil should contain EP, rust inhibiting and foam prevention additives. The oil level ‘should be in line with the centre of the lowest roller. Oil quantity recommendations for spherical roller bearings are given in Table 5. The level and condition of the oil must be checked regularly. Normally the oil should be changed after six months of operation. ‘Table 4 Recommendations for grease lubrication for spherical roller bearings, series 223 Bearing Grease charge Relubrication interval fonmounting on relubricating —900/min 1.2001/min 1500 imin 2.000 min = a working hours 22308 CCIW33A15 20 5 300 200 180 50 22309 CCIW33A15 25 5 300 200 150 50 22310 CCIW33A15 30 5 300, 200 100 50 22311 CCAVSRA1S 35 5 300 200 100. 50 22312 CCAWS3A15 45 5 250 150 109 50 22313 CCIW33A15 55 10 250 180 400 50 22814 CCIW33A15 60 10 250 150 100 50 22315 CCJAW33VA405 90 10 200 100 50 19 22816 CCUNW33VA405. 110 10 200 400, 50 10 22317 CCUNWS3VA405 120 15 200 100 50 10 22318 CCUAWS3VA405 140 18 150 100 50, 10 22319 CCJAW33VA405 160 18 180 100 50. 22320 COUAW33VA405 200 20 100 50 50 22822 CCJAWS3VA05 250 20 100 50 10 22824 CCJAWS3VA405 350 20 400 50 10 22326 CCJAW33VA405 400 30 100 50 10 zzsze couarwsayadgs 450 30 50 10 550 80 50, 10 Zee ceuaMsavades 650 40 50, 10 22334 CCJAW33VA405 750 40 10 22336 GCJAW33VA405 900 50 10 22338 CCJNW33VA405 1000 50 10 22340 CCJAW33VA405 1200 50 40 28 SKF