6 Elevated Water Tanks 6.1. TYPES OF OVER HEAD WATER TANKS TThe most common types of over head water tanks are, (a) The circular tank {(b) The intz type tank {c) The conical oF funnel shaped tank. Circular tanks with « horizontal or flat floor slab is economical for smaller storage capacity of up t0 200,000 litres and with diameters in the Tange of 5 £0 8 m. The depth of storage is generally between 310 4m, The Side walls are designed for circumferential hoop tension and bending moment since the walls are fixed to the floor slab at the junetion. The design forces are determined using coefficients recommended in 1S: 3370 (Part LV) The eoeliicients are expressed asa function of the nondimensional para meter (H7)D1), where > H= Height of the water tank D= Diameter of the tank ‘Thickness of the tank all. “The circular floor slab of the tank is designed for circumferential and radial moments developed in the slab. Devignsexamples of circular slabs fixed at the edges and circular tank walls fixed at the base ate presented in Chapter $ and Chapter {4 of the text book ‘Design of RC, Structures’ by the author 6.2. INTZ TYPE TANK In the case of large diameter elevated circular tanks, thicker floor slabs are%6 Advanced Reinforced Concrete Design required tesulting in uneconomical designes, In such cases, inte type tank ith conical and bottom spherical domes provides an economical solution, ‘The proportions of the con the spherical bottom domes are select The proporti ‘that_the outwa from the bottom dome balanees the Tiward ‘thrust due to the conical domed part ofthe Tank oor, (a) Structrai elements of Tntz task Referring to Fig. 6.1, the various structural elements of an intz type tank comprises of the following 1. Top spherical dome 2 Top rng beam Circular side walls Ring eam H] ~ercuiar Ring Beam ox gece: ft Columns } oo Ay SSS Fie 641 Structural clement of int ype tank,Elevated Water Tanks 97 4. Bottom ring beam 5. Conical dome 6. Bottom spherical dome 7, Bottom circular girder 8. Tower with columns and braces 9. Foundations. If D= diameter of the tank, the proportions of the various other structural elements in terms of the diameter are shown in Fig. 6.1 (b) Design principles of int tank 1. Top spherical dome Referring to Fig. 6.2 1 thickness of dome generally varies in the range of 75 to 100 man, rise of dome= 1/5 to 1/6 diameter of tank (D) R= radius of dome w= uniformly distributed load per u area of surface. Fig. 62 Dimensions of top dome ‘The reinforcements in the dome are designed for maximum meridio- nal thrust and circumferential force given by, T= Merion th (24) 1 T= Ciumterential force = wA(o0s ° 2. Top ring beam The cross sectional area of ring beam is determined by limiting the fensile stress in the ring beam ¢o values specified in 1S: 456-1978,9% Advanced Reinforced Concrete Design Cepending upon the grade of concrete. The tensile stress is calculated by the equation, given as h (ae) here Fiedirect or hoop teon 4¢"etos etal aren cont mmemodalr rato demcron ston aca of el 3. Side Wa of Tae dae gids walls of the tank are designed for hoop tension developed | ‘due to the water pressute in the tank Maximum hoop tension =(*12-P) where w= Density of water (10 KN/m) H-= Height of vertical walls D= Diameter of tank ‘A minimum thickness of 150 t0 200 is provided at the top of the Tank and the thickness at the base of the vertical wall i designed by Limiting the tensile stress. The spacing of the hoop reinforcement. ‘sradually increased towards the top of the tank. Distribution and tem, erature reinforcement of 0.3% of the gross section is provided in che Vertical direction 4. Bottom Ring Beam Referring to Fig. 6.3 min y Fig. 6.3 Forces bottom cing beamlerated Water Tanks 99 IF Y= weight of roof, side wall and top ring beam per metre run of the ring beam ‘a height of water above the ring beam T= Thrust in the conical dome D= Diameter of the ring beam H= Horizontal force developed at the junction d= depth of ring beam Then for equilibrium of the forces, we ha T-sin = 1; (HIV) = cot 6 Tevos =H V1 cot 8 ‘Hoop tension in the beam = (SP me 2) The reinforcements in the ring beam are designed to resist the hoop tension and the section is designed limiting the tensile stress in concrete 1. Conical dome Referring to Fig. 6.4 Water Love Fig. 64 Forces acting on conical dome100. Advanced Reinforced Concrete Desi If V2=Total load/metre run at the base of the conical dome Meriional theust in the slab due to V2 H= Hoop tension due to water pressure and self weight of conical dome slab intensity of water pressure at a depth A below the water level | = Weight of the conical slab per square metre of the surface = Angle made by the conical slab with the horizontal D=Diameter at a depth i from top, ‘The meridional thrust and hoop tension in the conical dome is com- puted using the following equations: Meridional thrust T= V3 cosee 8 Hoop tension = H=(p-cosee 0 +g-cot #) D/2 ‘The reinforcements in the conical dome is designed for hoop tension and meridional thrust. 5. Ratom spherical dome ‘The design of the floor dome is similar to that of the top dome. The design load for the dome includes the self weight of the dome and the weight of water column above the dome, The dome reinforcements ae designed for meridional thrust and circumferential forces, 6. Bottom cireular girder Referring to Fig 6.5, let ‘Thrust in the direction of the conical dome acting at an angle 10 the horizontal ‘Ts="Thrust from the bottom spherical dome, acting at an angle f 10 the horizontal P= Not horizontal force on the ring beam coment Dome Gatto Dome N oe SS - — Fig. 65 Forces acting on circular gidstorated Water Tanks 101 If Ty cos « > Ts c0s fi the sing beam is subjected to a compressive force, ‘The magnituve of this compressive Force is negligibly small in well proportioned tanks The vertical load on the ring beam is obtained by the relation, (Fi sin 2-4-7 sin 2) or alternatively by dividing the total vertical loads by the perimeter of the bottom ring beam, “The ring beam is supported by a number of columns equally spaced slong the periphery of the circle. Depending upon the number of columns, moment coefficients compiled in Table 4.1, (refer Ch. 4, Curved gitders) are useful in computing the maximum bending and torsional moments in the circular girder. The procedure outlined in Ch. 4 can be used to design the reinforcements in the ring beam. 8. To “The procedure explained in Sec. 54 is useful in the design of a tower with circular group of columns braced together at regular intervals ‘The columns and braces are designed for the maximum forces and moments developed due to the dead loads and wind loads acting the tower. vr with columns and braces 9, Foundations ‘The foundations for a circular group of columns generally comprises of aring beam with raft slab. The ring beam is designed for maximum bending and torsional moments while the annular raft slab is design= ed for maximum soil pressure from the bottom. ‘The design procedure is illustrated by the Following example. 6.3 DESIGN EXAMPLE OF INTZ TYPE WATER TANK Design an intz type water tank of 1 millon litres capacity. supported on an clevated lower comprising of 8 columns, The base of the tank is 16 m above round fevel. Depth of Foundations { m below ground level. Adopt M-20 zprade conereie and Fe-415 grade tor steel. The design of the tank should conform to the siesse> specified in IS: 3370 and IS: 456, 1. Dara Capacity of tan Height of supporting tower = 16 m Number of columns=§ Depth of foundations = 1 m belo. rmussible Sires concrete and Fe-4ts ing to resistance to cracking (1S: 3310) For caleulations relat ear 12 Nim? ew = 1.7 Nimm? oq = 150 Nim?