Preface

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Table of Content
1.0 Introduction

P.1

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2.0 Theory of thermography

P.2 - 5

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3.0 Infrared Thermography Applications Overview

P.6 - 12

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4.0 Features of Maximum Accuracy and Comfort

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1.0 Introduction
1.1What is IR Thermography?
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Graph 1.1 Visible photograph and two infrared

thermograms, one with a rainbow palette and the
other with an iron bow palette.

2.0 Theory of thermography

2.2 What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

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2.1 What is Infrared?

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Graph 2.1 The electromagnetic spectrum

2.3 Where does infrared energy come from?

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2.4 What is Infrared Thermography?

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Visible light

Near infrared
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Thermal infrared

Graph 2.5 Night vision goggles amplify small amounts

of visible light (and sometimes near infrared light)
thousands of times so objects can be seen at night.

2.6 If IR cameras dont see temperature, what

am I seeing on an IR image?
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Graph 2.4 Black and white and color thermograms

of a person; and a visible light photograph. Note the
glasses appear cool because they are cooler than
the skin and longwave infrared energy will not pass
through glass. You can see the temperature patterns
on the face, reds are warmer, yellows and greens are
cooler. Thermal patterns on the skin surface can be
indicative of disease and are sometimes used to aid
medical diagnoses.

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2.5 How is thermal imaging different from

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Graph 2.6 Three aluminum cans with partially oxidized

surfaces and a strip of black electrical tape. The can
on the left is hot, middle can is ambient and right can
is cold.

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2.7 Basic Concept

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2.8 What is a blackbody, a graybody, a

realbody?
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Graph 2.8 The mathematical model for black

body radiation curves by Max Planck

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(dark areas) on illustrated section of aircraft.
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no downtime. Images are recorded digitally for later
analysis at an image processing workstation.

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companies must have reliable power lines to provide
their customers with the service they expect and
deserve. Unfortunately, when lightning arresters fail,
the whole system hangs in the balance. Regular
inspections can help prevent power outages by
detecting bad lightning arresters in substations and
faults in distribution lines.

Substation - A wide view of a substation can quickly

show areas where unwanted high resistance
connections exist. Electrical current passing through a
resistive connection produces heat; electrical systems
get hot when connections loosen or corrode and
power is not properly transmitted no other
predictive maintenance technology is as effective for
electrical inspections as IR thermography.

Electrical - Infrared testing is used as a means to

detect potential circuit overload or areas of unusually
high electrical resistance, allowing electricians to
replace the circuit before failure, eliminating costly
downtime or further damage to the electrical system.

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Transformer Radiators - This infrared image shows a

cold radiator (lower left) possibly due to a bad pump.
This could be a serious problem as the capacity of the
transformer is reduced.

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9VVUNInfrared testing is used to detect water

damage & leaks beneath the surface of the roof
allowing the opportunity repair the section before it
continues to spread.

3.6 Mechanical Systems

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3.7 Petrochemical Applications

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there are multiple levels in a tank, allowing workers to
determine whether or not the product is contaminated
or the tank itself needs to be serviced. This allows
them to optimize the product. And when weather
conditions are optimal, leaks from PRVs, steam, hot
gases and propane can be illuminated.

Preventative Maintenance - Plant maintenance

technicians use infrared testing as a form of preventive
maintenance by monitoring a variety of machine parts.
By evaluating a machines temperature signatures
when in normal operating conditions, one can perform
periodic infrared inspections to detect overheating
joints, bearings, etc. in order to avoid costly downtime.
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Refractory lined equipment - Furnace refractory

breakdown a crude heater stack is clearly shown in
this thermal image. If it is unchecked, the condition
would accelerate and cause metal degradation and
catastrophic failure.

Transformer - Excess heat on this distribution

transformer was attributed to internal damage plus
low oil level.

3.8 Electronic Equipment

3.10 Research and development applications

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Mold temperature - Mold temperature in an

automotive seat.

3.12 Aerospace Applications

Wafer Board - This is an annealing process for wafers.

Thermography can quickly identify thermal
irregularities on critical parts.

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PC Board - PC board with overheating component.

3.9 Environmental Applications

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Jet Engine - Jet engine testing



3.13 Medical / Veterinary Applications

3.14 Airborne applications

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provide visual images of diseases like breast cancer,
carpal tunnel and arthritis.

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process. Moisture shows up clearly in the image.



3.16 Steam Turbine and Hydroelectric Generators

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3.17 Miscellaneous Applications

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temperature can be avoided or quickly remedied and
food spoilage or foodborne illness can be avoided.

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differential, the longitudinal section shown in the
thermograph indicates that this cooling asphalt mat
exhibits exceptional thermal uniformity. The mean
density of this asphalt mat is 2,205 kilograms per cubic
meter, with a maximum of 2,247 kg/m3 and a minimum
of 2,179 kg/m3.The visual photo of the road taken a
year later shows no evidence of wear or degradation.



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