AEL Product Catalogue 2015

Contents
02 Corporate Information
65 Electronic Delay Detonators
02
03
04
05
06
66
68
70
72
73
74
75
Introduction
About AEL
Glossary of Abbreviations and Units
AEL Contact Details
Leadtimes
09 Explosives
10
12
13
15
16
18
19
urface Bulk Emulsions

S
Emulsion Offerings
S100 Range
S200 Eco Range
S200 Plus Range
S300 Range
S300 Eco Range
21 Underground Bulk Emulsions

22
24
25
26
eneral Specifications
G
UG100 Range
UG200 Range
Compatibility Matrix
29 Packaged Explosives
30
34
36
38
40
44
46
48
agnum Watergel and Drygels

M
Magnum Buster
Magnum PB Control
Splitex
InstaStem
Anfex
Bulk Anfex
Compatibility Matrix Packaged
and Specialised Explosives
G
DigiShot
DigiShot Plus
NetShock
CE 4 Tagger
ViewShot
BlastWeb
77 Electric Initiators
78
80
81
Instantaneous Electric Detonator (IED)

Fusehead Assembly
Electric Shock Tube Starter
85 Accessories
86
87
90
92
93
94
96
97
General Specifications
Detonating Cords
Pentolite Primers
Blast Initiation Timer
Detonating Cord Cutter
Compatibility Matrix Initiating Systems
Mantis
Hot Hole Monitor
99 Industrial Products
100
102
103
104
105
106
107
Industrial Products
mmonium Nitrate Anfo Grade (ANA)
A
Ammonium Nitrate Emulsion Grade (ANE)
Ammonium Nitrate Solution (ANS)
Nitric Acid
Aqueous Ammonia
Ammonia 100-I, Ammonia 100-R
51 Initiating Systems
109 Services
52
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
110
111
112
113
115
116
121
on-Electric Assemblies Shock Tube

N
Uni-Delay LP
Splitter
Multi SPD
Multi LPD
Uni-Delay SP
Trunkline
Cluster
Lead-In
Extender
Product Catalogue 2015
ining Optimisation
M
Blasting Science and Software Development
Expert Technical and Blasting Science Training
Explosives Engineers Course
Product Services
Research and Development
Analytical Services
127 Equipment Services

128
129
131
132
134
136
G
Mobile Manufacturing Unit (MMU)
Rapid Re-loading System
Mobile Charging Unit (MCU)
Portable Charging Unit (PCU)
Vertical Drop System
INTRO
AELs product
range and beyond
We are proud to present our latest product

catalogue showcasing our wide range of
products.
As a value add service provider, we strive to optimise
your mining operations by bringing you a comprehensive
range of services to complement our cutting-edge
product offering.
Being an international leader and innovator in
commercial explosives and blasting solutions, AEL
has continuously demonstrated its understanding of
the industrys needs and challenges, as well as the
importance of extracting valuable minerals from the
earth responsibly. Our suite of products are tailored
to fulfil our customers expectations of streamlining
operations and increasing productivity as well
as efficiencies, by optimally conditioning rock
for further beneficiation.
To remain relevant, our R&D department plays a vital
role in keeping our global operations on the frontier
of technology with the delivery of ground-breaking
innovations. The R&D team is actively involved in
assisting AEL engineers and our Mining Optimisation
team to develop solutions, tailored for specific mining
applications.
This new product catalogue has been compiled with
care to ensure that it is an invaluable reference tool
for you. On behalf of the AEL management team I would
like to wish you greater productivity and a safe mining
environment.
LIESEL DE VILLIERS
Executive-Technology
02
AEL Mining Services Limited
ABOUT
AEL
A proud member
of the AECI Group
AEL Mining Services is a proud member of the

JSE-listed AECI Group in South Africa. AEL is
a leading developer, producer and supplier of
commercial explosives, initiating systems and
blasting services for mining, quarrying and
construction markets in Africa and selected
international markets. AEL is the largest
supplier of explosives technology and initiating
systems in Africa.
With its head office in Johannesburg, South Africa, AEL
was established in 1896 and has over the years become
one of the worlds leading suppliers of explosives and
initiating systems. With 15 companies in AEL, the group
has production facilities and offices in South Africa,
Egypt, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Mali, Tanzania, Ethiopia,
Zambia, DRC, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Mozambique,
Chile, Indonesia and Australia.
Using world-class technologies, AEL unearths wealth
in the countries in which it operates, providing world
class mining solutions in all key mining, quarrying
and construction applications such as open pit, open
cast, underground massive, underground narrow reef,
dimensional stone and aggregate stone quarrying.
AEL offers the latest generation of products and services
for blasting operations. These include bulk explosives,
packaged explosives, initiating systems, accessories,
delivery systems as well as technical services via
Mining Optimisation.
AEL produces and supplies ammonium nitrate and

ammonium nitrate solution from its own manufacturing
plants. AELs scalable bulk manufacturing plants,
provide the group with the ability to produce a wide
range of Emulsions within high volume regions. AEL also
supplies a comprehensive range of packaged explosives.
AEL provides in-house engineering competency to
design and build Mobile Manufacturing Units (MMUs)
for surface and underground mining, bulk emulsion
manufacturing plants and modular initiating systems
assembly plants. In addition, AEL offers underground
mobile and fixed emulsion pumping systems.
AEL deploys blasting services that extract optimum
value from any blasting operation, with its blend of
products, services and solutions. These include Downthe-Hole, Prime Load Tie and/or Shoot (PLTS), and Rockon-Ground contracting.
AELs Mining Optimisation team has competencies
extending from blast monitoring, design, timing,
fragmentation analysis, technology conversion, i-Mining
productivity programmes and blasting consulting
services to providing training in basic blasting principles.
Through its modular operations, AEL has the ability to
deploy, set up and mobilise infrastructure in remote
regions throughout the world in a quick turnaround time.
AEL partners, invests and contributes to economies in
regions where it operates, by meticulously caring for
both people and the environment to unearth wealth for
current and future generations.
Glossary of Abbreviations and Units
04
ampere
MJ
Megajoule
ac
alternating current
NEQ
Net Explosives Quantity
ADC
Ardeer Double Cartridge (test)
PETN
pentaerythritol tetranitrate
AN
ammonium nitrate
pF
pico FARAD
ANFO
ammonium nitrate fuel-oil
RBEE
relative bulk effective energy
CN
calcium nitrate
RBS
Relative Bulk Strength
dc
direct current
REE
relative effective energy
FO
fuel-oil
RWS
Relative Weight Strength
gram
second
g/cm
gram per cubic centimetre
s/m
seconds per metre
g/m
grams per metre
SPD
short period delay
GPa
gigapascal
tonne (metric)
IED
instantaneous electric detonator
TNT
trinitrotoluene
kg
kilogram
VOD
velocity of detonation
kg/m
kilogram per metre
VIXEN-i
the AEL international detonating code
kPa
kilopascal
>
greater than
kV
kilo Voltsv
greater than or equal to
LPD
long period delay
<
less than
mJ/ohm
millijoule per ohm
less than or equal to
mm
millimeter
equals
m/m
mass to mass
approximate
ms
millisecond
m/s
metres per second
AEL Contact Details

(T)
Southern Africa
Africa and International
Cape Town
+27 21 842 3901
Asia Pacific
+6221 7592 4498
East London
+27 43 745 2169
Australia
+617 3221 0168
Gauteng Quarry Services
+27 11 606 3523
Botswana
+267 393 8133
Johannesburg (Head Office)
+27 11 606 0000
Burkina Faso
+226 50 360329
Kimberley
+27 53 802 6352
DRC
+243 997 027 878
Klerksdorp
+27 18 477 1062
Egypt
+20 22461 8609
Kuruman
+27 53 712 3035/2958
Europe
+27 82 553 9080
Kwa-Zulu Natal
+27 31 266 4303
Ghana
+233 302 762 633
Mankwe
+27 14 558 2800
Indonesia
+6221 7592 4498
Mokopane
+27 15 491 1373
Mauritius
+230 269 1650
Mogalakwena
+27 15 418 2189
Mozambique
+258 841 995866
Nelspruit
+27 13 747 2278
Namibia
+264 64 403 463
Northern Province
+27 15 491 1328
South America
+562 928 1300
OKiep
+27 27 713 8597
Tanzania
+255 22 277 1055
Rustenburg Bushveld
+27 14 594 9300
Zambia
+260 966 990 945/9
Steelpoort
+27 13 230 8020
Zimbabwe
+263 479 0846
Venetia Mine
+27 15 575 2335
Welkom
+27 57 217 1252
West Wits Sales
+27 18 788 3390
Witbank / Emalahleni
+27 13 690 1242
05
Leadtimes
LEAD TIMES FOR STANDARD
AND NON-STANDARD PRODUCTS
there is a written guarantee that the product will have

constant sales of reasonable volume. Please contact
your local AEL representative for arrangements.
Definitions
Standard products are those products that are carried
in stock by AEL based on historic sales out of any
individual AEL distribution site. Please contact your
local AEL representative to enquire what is, or could
be made available.
Non-standard products are either made-to-order
or are not standard sales out of a particular AEL
distribution site. No stocks are held.
Made-to-order products are defined in the product
range as those products that AEL would manufacture
on receipt of a confirmed order. This category
of products is subject to a longer lead-time, but
arrangements can be made to carry the product as
a stock item at any AEL distribution site as long as
Lead times
Standard products for shafthead deliveries 36 hours
(The lead-time for shafthead deliveries does not
include weekends or public holidays)
Made-to-order and Export products lead times are
as per schedule below. Note this is the total lead time
from order placement to delivery to AEL subsidiaries
or in some circumstances the direct customers.
Please contact your local AEL representative to
enquire the additional lead time to customer site
delivery.
AEL will endeavour to negotiate in good faith to meet
customers requirements, but always reserves the right
to evoke the lead-time requirements as stated above.
AEL MINING SERVICES LEADTIME GUIDELINES

Make
to Order
Shipping
International
Deep Sea
& Africa
Africa
Road
Air Freight International

Electronics
South Africa
MTO only
Road
Country
Manufacturing,
Packaging &
Overland Logistics
Leadtime (Days)
Approx.
Shipping
Leadtimes
(Days)
Total
Leadtime
(Days)
Total
Leadtime
(Weeks)
West Africa
70
16
86
13
Asia Pacific
70
18
88
13
Latin America
70
40
110
16
UK
70
16
86
13
East Africa
70
20
90
13
Zimbabwe
35
37
Botswana
19
21
Zambia
35
10
45
Tanzania
35
10
45
DRC
35
28
63
Mozambique
35
37
Latin America
37
39
West Africa
37
39
Australia
37
41
Asia Pacific
37
41
Europe
37
39
13
14
Notes: Any adhoc or new customers will be treated as exceptional requests and therefore the above leadtimes do not apply.
The leadtime will be advised after reviewing the requirements.
Egypt depending on route that will be allocated to shipment (East or West sailing) above leadtimes will apply.
06
Notes
07
Notes
08
EXPLOSIVES
AEL provides a range of explosives in both
underground and surface mining.
AEL's range of Surface Bulk Explosives is amongst
the best researched and developed formulations
currently in the market. The Eco range of products
has been specifically developed to optimise surface
mining, by the use of recycled oils in the formulation.
This provides an environmentally friendly range of
products while retaining high shock energy and stability.
AEL's highly skilled team, its vast range of products,
solutions, equipment and technical resources have
made the company an acknowledged leader in the
explosives field globally.
Underground Bulk emulsion and its respective pumping
and delivery systems are continuously evolving within
AEL's Research & Development department. New and
improved emulsion formulations, delivery systems
and value-add services, targeted to this industry, are
constantly being realised. One such example is AELs
range of specially formulated products that can be
effectively placed in vertical up-holes appropriately
named sticky formulation. This product offers
customers a competitive edge in cost effective up-hole
and development blasting, and is changing the blasting
landscape by simplifying previously difficult deployment.
The cap-sensitive UG100 emulsion continues to impress

customers in the narrow reef environment, as a costeffective replacement for packaged explosives. This in
conjunction with industry leading delivery systems such
as the vertical drop and potable charging units, enhances
the efficiency and safety of explosives underground.
The emulsion technologies and AEL's initiating systems
combine, to optimise safety while improving blasting
efficiencies in a variety of surface and underground
mining applications. Even under the most trying blasting
conditions, AEL's proven technologies deliver tangible
benefits to its customers across the entire mining
operation.
Through its strategically placed network of regional
depots and manufacturing facilities, AEL is able to
provide a full range of explosives and services to the
most remote customers in the African and International
markets. This includes a wide range of specifically
formulated Emulsions, Water gels, Dry gels, Anfex
and Non-Detonating solutions.
EXPLOSIVES
Surface Bulk Emulsions
AEL's Surface Bulk Explosives is one of the

best researched and developed formulations
currently in the market. The Eco range of
products has been developed to optimise blast
results delivering value throughout the surface
mining sector. The substitution of recycled
oil for diesel in the emulsion results in an
environmentally friendly range of products.
With a solution to suit almost every application
including surface, massive operations and quarries,
AEL's highly skilled team, its vast range of products
and solutions, equipment and technical resources
have made the company an acknowledged leader
by providing sector solutions in South Africa,
African regions and the International business.
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS OF SURFACE

BULK EMULSIONS
Easy to handle bulk delivery

On the bench blending and sensitising
Choice of various blend ratio on the bench
Features
Eco emulsions incorporate used oil in the fuel phase
A non-detonable emulsion before sensitising, only
becoming an explosive once sensitised
BENEFITS AND FEATURES

Benefits
Environmentally friendly Eco product variations
Charged using a pump or an auger, depending

on the ANA/Emulsion ratio
Mixed with ANA (ANPP-Ammonium Nitrate Porous
Prill) or ANFO (Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil) in
various ratios depending on energy requirement
Safe to handle non-detonable
10
Explosives
Recommendations for use
Storage sites must be secure
The product should be sensitised on the bench using

AELs recommended equipment and procedures.
Primers and Detonators should not be allowed

in storage sites
Mining Method
Transport (UN Classification)
Surface
Do not transport primers and/or detonators with base

emulsion
Opencast; Open Pit; Quarrying
Storage and Expiry
Base emulsion
Class 5.1, UN No. 3375, AMMONIUM NITRATE EMULSION
Base emulsion has a shelf life of 2 months

Silos and Isotainers are the recommended
storage facilities
11
EXPLOSIVES
Emulsion Offerings
SURFACE BULK PRODUCTS
Our base emulsions are non-detonable,

with the virgin oil emulsions having a honey
coloured appearance and the Eco emulsions
being brown to black in colour. Base emulsions
(S100, S200, and S300) are handled and
transported as an unsensitized product
to mines and/or operational sites.
The product is sensitised as it is charged into the blast
hole and can be:
Pure
Blended with ANA
Virgin Oil or Eco (used oil) Variations

|
S100 / S100 Eco; S200 / S200 Eco; S300 / S300 Eco
|
Premium: SP200 / SP200 Eco;
Hot Holes: SH200 / SH200 Eco;
Coal: SC200 / SC200 Eco
and/or sensitised with ANFO mixed to various ratios.
The emulsions water resistance is excellent, depending

on emulsion to ANFO ratio. The typical in-hole density
of our emulsions are 1.25g/cm, but density varies
with depth. Please contact your regional sales office
for finding the best product and initiating system
suited to your application.
Doped (mixed with ANA and sensitised)

or Blend (sensitised with ANFO)
The diagram alongside shows the various product

options available to the market. The table gives
a general technical overview of the three main
product ranges, as base emulsions.
12
SURFACE BULK EMULSIONS
|
Doped:
20%, 30% or 35% ANA
Minimum hole diameter: 75-100mm
|
Blend:
54%, 57%, 60%, 64% or 74% ANFO
Minimum hole diameter: 150-250mm
Water resistance is good @ 54%)
Water resistance is poor @ 57%, 60%, 64% and 74%
EXPLOSIVES
S100 Range
TECHNICAL PROPERTIES SURFACE BULK PRODUCTS
AN ONLY PRODUCT
PRODUCT RANGE
S100
S100 ECO
Application
Surface: Open cast, quarrying, open pit.
Surface: Open cast, quarrying, open pit.
Colour
Base Emulsion Honey

Sensitised Emulsion Cream
Base Emulsion Brown to Black

Sensitised Emulsion Brown to Black
S100
S120
S130
S135
S100 Eco
S120 Eco
S130 Eco
S135 Eco
Ideal Delivered Energy (IDE)

MJ/kg (at 100MPa)*
2.225
2.406
2.523
2.581
2.233
2.422
2.530
2.581
Relative effective energy (REE)

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
98
106
112
114
99
107
112
114

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
85
93
97
100
85
93
98
100
Relative Bulk Strength (RBS)

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
154
166
174
178
154
167
175
178

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
132
144
152
156
133
146
153
156
Density (in g/cc)**
Base Emulsion: 1.30-1.34

Sensitized: 1.00-1.25
Booster sizes per hole
Refer to 'Booster sizes per hole' table on page 91
Velocity of Detonation (VoD)***
3500-6000 m/s
Best Practices
Use blended product in heavy friable or jointed ground

Ensure that toe loading occurs in wet holes in order to displace water
Do not use in hot holes that are in excess of 80C
Special Precautions
Do not store for longer than 2 months from date of manufacture.

If uncertain, contact your regional sales office.
Do not sleep for longer than 3 weeks
Store bulk emulsion and sensitizer separately
Apply First in First out principle
Delivery
Bulk delivery by tankers
Sensitising Agent
Sodium Nitrite Solution
Sleep Time
3 weeks
3 weeks
Water Resistance
Excellent
Excellent
Re-Pumpability
Six stages
Six Stages

REE and RBS (relative effective energy and bulk strength) values relative to ANFO (=100%) at a density of 0.8g/cm3
using the VIXEN-I detonation code
** In-hole densities of emulsion may vary with hole depth. Please contact your regional sales office for assistance
*** Range of VODs dependent on hole diameter and confinement (rock properties)
13
EXPLOSIVES
S100
FOR AUSTRALIA ONLY
PRODUCT RANGE
S100
Application
Surface: Reactive ground, Open, (Hard Rock)
Colour
Base Emulsion Honey

S100
S120
S130
S135
S150
S154
S157
S160
S164
S171
S174
S180

MJ/kg (at 100MPa)*
2.183
2.381
2.474
2.544
2.639
2.834
2.780
2.727
2.687
2.570
2.502
2.474

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
97
105
109
113
117
125
123
121
119
114
111
109

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
83
91
95
98
102
107
107
106
106
104
103
103

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
151
165
171
176
182
212
200
188
178
156
145
137

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
130
143
149
153
160
181
174
166
159
143
135
129
Density (in g/cc)**

Velocity of Detonation (VoD) ***
3500-6000 m/s
Best Practices

Special Precautions

Delivery
Sensitising Agent
Sodium Nitrite gassing solution
Sleep Time
3 weeks
Water Resistance
Excellent
Re-Pumpability
Six stages
using the VIXEN-i detonation code
14
EXPLOSIVES
S200 Eco Range
PRODUCT RANGE
SC200 ECO
SH200 ECO
Application
Surface: Open cast coal and quarry mining
Surface: Coal (Hot Holes)
Colour


SC200
Eco
SC220
Eco
SC230
Eco
SC235
Eco
SH200
Eco
SH220
Eco
SH230
Eco
SH235
Eco

MJ/kg (at 100MPa)*
2.021
2.248
2.372
2.440
1.947
2.172
2.294
2.361

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
89
99
105
108
86
96
101
104

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
77
87
92
95
76
85
90
93

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
140
155
164
169
129
144
152
157

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
121
136
144
148
114
128
135
139
Density (in g/cc)**

3500-6000 m/s
Best Practices

SH200 Eco can be used in holes that are up to 280C for up to 8 hours
Special Precautions

Do not sleep for longer than 3 weeks.
Hot hole blasts must be initiated immediately after charging.
Delivery
Sensitising Agent
Sleep Time
3 weeks
Not Recommended due to safety requirements
Water Resistance
Excellent
Excellent
Re-Pumpability
Six stages
Six Stages

RWS and RBS (relative weight strength and bulk strength) values relative to ANFO (=100%) at a density of 0.8g/cm3
15
EXPLOSIVES
S200 Plus Range
PRODUCT RANGE
S200 PLUS
Application
Surface: All surface applications except for hot holes
Colour
Base Emulsion Honey

S200 Plus
S220 Plus
S230 Plus
S235 Plus

MJ/kg (at 100MPa)*
2.149
2.347
2.464
2.526

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
95
104
109
112

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
86
91
96
98

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
149
162
170
175

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
130
143
150
154
Density (in g/cc)**

3500-6000 m/s
Best Practices

Special Precautions

Delivery
Sensitising Agent
Sodium Nitrite Gassing Solution
Sleep Time
10 days
Water Resistance
Excellent
Re-Pumpability
Six stages
16
EXPLOSIVES
PRODUCT RANGE
S200
SP200 ECO
Application
Surface: All surface applications except

for hot holes
Surface: Open and Quarries (Hard rock mining)
Colour
Base Emulsion Honey


S200
S220
S230
S235
SP200
Eco
SP220
Eco
SP230
Eco
SP235
Eco

MJ/kg (at 100MPa)*
2.149
2.347
2.464
2.526
2.157
2.347
2.464
2.526

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
95
104
109
112
95
104
109
112

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
86
91
96
98
83
92
96
99

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
149
162
170
175
149
163
171
175

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
130
143
150
154
130
143
150
154
Density (in g/cc)**

3500-6000 m/s
Best Practices

Special Precautions

Delivery
Sensitising Agent
Sodium Nitrite Gassing solution
Sleep Time
3 weeks
3 weeks
Water Resistance
Excellent
Excellent
Re-Pumpability
Six stages
Six Stages

17
EXPLOSIVES
S300 Range
FOR AUSTRALIA
AND INDONESIA ONLY
PRODUCT RANGE
S300
Application
Colour
Base Emulsion Honey

S300
S320
S330
S335
S350
S354
S3357
S360
S364
S371
S374
S380

MJ/kg (at 100MPa)*
2.183
2.381
2.474
2.544
2.639
2.834
2.780
2.727
2.687
2.570
2.502
2.474

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
97
105
109
113
117
125
123
121
119
114
111
109

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
83
91
95
98
102
107
107
106
106
104
103
103

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
151
165
171
176
182
212
200
188
178
156
145
137

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
130
143
149
153
160
181
174
166
159
143
135
129
Density (in g/cc)**

3500-6000 m/s
Best Practices

Special Precautions

Delivery
Sensitising Agent
Sleep Time
Not Recommended due to Safety requirements
Water Resistance
Excellent
Re-Pumpability
Six stages
18
EXPLOSIVES
S300 Eco Range

FOR INDONESIA ONLY
PRODUCT RANGE
S300 ECO
Application
Colour

S300
Eco
S320
Eco
S330
Eco
S335
Eco
S350
Eco
S3357
Eco
S360
Eco
S364
Eco
S374
Eco

MJ/kg (at 100MPa)*
2.151
2.353
2.454
2.521
2.693
2.628
2.580
2.534
2.376

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
95
104
109
112
119
116
114
112
105

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
81
90
95
97
103
102
102
101
99

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
149
163
169
174
194
181
171
161
131

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
127
141
147
152
168
159
153
146
124
Density (in g/cc)**

3500-6000 m/s
Best Practices

Special Precautions

Delivery
Sensitising Agent
Sleep Time
Not Recommended due to safety requirements
Water Resistance
Excellent
Re-Pumpability
Six stages
19
EXPLOSIVES
Notes
20
UNDERGROUND
BULK
EMULSIONS
One of the companys on-going success stories
is its Underground Bulk Systems. While
widely accepted as the industry standard for
underground mining, it is continuously evolving
by introducing new emulsion formulations and
pumping/delivery systems.
UNDERGROUND BULK EMULSIONS
General Specifications of
Underground Bulk Emulsions
CLASSIFICATION
Improved logistics
Underground bulk emulsion explosives consist of a

base emulsion and sensitiser, which are classified
as non-detonable and non-explosive, respectively.
Easier adherence to explosives legislation
APPEARANCE
Features
The base emulsion is a honey coloured mixture of two

immiscible liquids and an emulsifier. The sensitiser is an
aqueous or emulsified liquid, which, when added to the
base emulsion and mixed/sheared, creates an explosive
in the blast-hole.
BENEFITS AND FEATURES

Benefits
Improved Fragmentation
High safety standards

High strength
High VOD
Water resistance
Low fume emissions
Improved safety
Ease of use
Less labour intensive
22
Underground Bulk Emulsions
Mining Method
Equipment Services
Underground
AEL Manufactures all the necessary mobile charging

equipment for these products.
Narrow Reef, massive mining
Surface
Open pit, quarrying, trenching and civil blasting operations
Base emulsion
Application
Class 5.1, UN No. 3375, OXIDIZING MATERIAL
Sensitiser
Tunnelling, stoping, up-hole ring blasting, open cast

tabular deposit, pre-split, trenching and civil
Class 5.1, UN No. 3099, OXIDIZING LIQUID, TOXIC, N.O.S.
Underground Bulk Emulsion

UG100
Range
UG200
Products
Emulsion
UG100
UG101S
UG200
UG201S
Sensitiser
GS15(green)
GS15(green)
GS15(pink)
GS15(pink)
GE50(green)
GS30(blue)
GS30(blue)
GE50(green)
GE50(green)
Cap sensitive
Minimum hole diameter
Yes
No
No
No
28mm
45mm
45mm
45mm
23
UG100 Range
These products are characterised as high
strength denoted by the 100 in the name.
PRODUCT RANGE
UG100
UG101S
Application
Underground: Development and stoping. Used

extensively in bord and pillar workings
Surface: Tabular deposit, pre-split, trenching
and civil blasting operations.
Up-holes/ring blasting and development
Countries where available
South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Botswana,

Swaziland, Lesotho, Mozambique, Egypt
South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Botswana,

Swaziland, Lesotho, Mozambique
Colour
Base Emulsion Honey

Sensitised Emulsion Green
Base Emulsion Honey

Sensitised Emulsion Green or blue depending
on the sensitiser used

MJ/kg (at 100MPa)*
2.5
2.2

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
89
79

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
127
112
Density (in g/cc)

Sensitised: 1.10-1.15
(Sensitised density can be lower if dual density
in use)

Sensitised: 1.00-1.10
in use)
Minimum Initiator
8D in a 25mm diameter hole
15g booster in a 45mm diameter hole
Velocity of Detonation (VoD)
Best Practices
Special Precautions
4000-5000
At a density of 1.10-1.15 g/cc
Generally, priming not required.
The product can be used in short up-holes
where the diameter is less than 50mm
Base emulsion and sensitiser must be
stored separately
Avoid horizontal pumping
Boosters are used in up-holes.

Generally, priming is required.
stored separately.
Avoid horizontal pumping.
Use in conjunction with equipment manufactured by AEL
Delivery
Bulk delivery in tankers or bagged product
Sensitising Agent
GE50 (Green) emulsified Sensitiser or

GS15 (Green) aqueous sensitiser

GS15 (Green) aqueous sensitiser or
GS30** (blue) aqueous sensitiser
Sleep Time
Water Resistance
Gap Sensitivity
Re-Pumpability***
7 days maximum
Excellent
0
Six stages
Any product with a suffix C means that the formulation is site specific. *As calculated by Vixen-i **GS30 (Blue) used exclusively in up-holes
***Any horizontal pumping can potentially shear the product and the allowable pumping stages will be reduced.
Storage and Expiry
Storage Conditions Avoid high/low temperatures
Product Shelf Life 3 months for base emulsion and emulsified sensitiser, 6 months for aqueous sensitiser
24
UG200 Range
These products are characterised as high stability
and suitable for use in remote areas and/or where
large temperature gradients are anticipated, as is
denoted by the 200 in the name.
PRODUCT RANGE
UG200
UG201S
Application
Underground: Development and stoping.

Surface: Tabular deposit, pre-split, trenching
and civil blasting operations.
Up-holes/ring blasting and development
Countries where available
Zambia, DRC, Ghana, Mali, Guinea,

Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Tanzania
Zambia, DRC, Ghana, Mali, Guinea,

Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Tanzania
Colour
Base Emulsion Honey

Sensitised Emulsion Pink
Base Emulsion Honey

Sensitised Emulsion Green, Pink or Blue
depending on the sensitiser used

MJ/kg (at 100MPa)*
2.3
2.2

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
82
77

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
117
110
Density (in g/cc)

in use)

in use)
Minimum Initiator
8D in a 45mm diameter hole
15g booster in a 45mm diameter hole

3700-5000
At a density of 1.10-1.15 g/cc
Velocity of Detonation (VoD)
Best Practices
Special Precautions
Use in conjunction with equipment manufactured by AEL
Delivery
Sensitising Agent
Sleep Time
Water Resistance
Boosters are used in up-holes.

Priming is required in development
stored separately.
Avoid horizontal pumping.
Priming is required in development

stored separately
Avoid horizontal pumping

GS15 (Green) aqueous sensitiser or
GS15 (Pink) aqueous sensitiser or
GS30** (Blue) aqueous sensitiser
GS15 (Pink) aqueous sensitiser
7 days maximum
Excellent
Gap Sensitivity
Repumpability***
0
Six stages
Any product with a suffix C means that the formulation is site specific. *As calculated by Vixen-i, **GS30 (Blue) used exclusively in up-holes
***Any horizontal pumping can potentially shear the product and the allowable pumping stages will be reduced.
Storage and Expiry
Storage Conditions Suitable for use in remote areas with large temperature gradients
Product Shelf Life 3 emulsified sensitizer, 6 months for emulsion and aqueous sensitiser
25
DONOR
UG100
UG101S
*UG200
UG201S
Magnum Buster Gel
Magnum 365 Gel
Magnum Control
Magnum Frag
Magnum Plus
Shock Tube Uni-Delay LP
Shock Tube Multi LPD
Shock Tube Multi SPD
**Electronic Delay Detonators - Digishot
Electric Initiators - Statsafe Detonators
Pentolite Primers
UG200 can be manufactured as a permitted product (requiring PE Permitted and Statsafe Detonators as a donor only)
** All variants
26
Notes
27
Notes
28
PACKAGED
EXPLOSIVES
Through its strategically placed network
of regional depots, AEL is able to provide
a full range of explosives and services
to the most remote customers in African
and international markets. This includes
a wide range of specifically formulated
Emulsions, Water gels, Dry gels, Anfex
and Non-detonating solutions.
As with all AEL products, these solutions are supported
by a reliable range of initiation systems and blasting
services, as well as skilled technical support staff
who are on hand to manage customer needs.
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
Magnum Watergels and Drygels
The Magnum range of watergel explosives

have become an industry standard and are
known for their reliability, high energy and
excellent blasting results.
The product range consists of the classic
watergel configurations as well as the dry
gel configurations (high loading of ammonium
nitrate prill). The dry gel explosives are
characterized by a stiffer rheology for improved
handling in long cartridges. Both types are
offered in different energy grades
to suit the blasting requirements or application.
30
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
FEATURES
Appearance
Can be initiated by 6D detonator or 8g/m

detonating cord
All products are packaged in printed, sausage shaped

cartridges. The explosives appear silver/grey in colour.
High coupling ratio
The drygel range contains visible ammonium

nitrate prills.
High VOD
BENEFITS & FEATURES
Watergels have excellent fragmentation

characteristics
Benefits
PRODUCT RANGE
Appropriate energy grades

Can be used in wide range of applications
Can be used in wet holes
AEL offers cartridges from 25mm to 110mm in

diameter and stock the following diameters and
lengths as standard:
Diameters: 25mm, 28mm, 32mm, 38mm, 50mm
& 65mm.
Lengths (nominal): 200mm, 270mm, 300mm & 560mm
PACKAGING
25 Kg gross mass in cardboard boxes with a base and lid.
TRANSPORT (UN CLASSIFICATION)

Class 1.1D UN No. 0241, EXPLOSIVE, BLASTING, Type E
Name: Magnum only applies to Africa and its offshore
islands (all PEX).
31
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
Magnum Watergel Range
PRODUCT RANGE
MAGNUM BUSTER GEL
MAGNUM 365 GEL
Application
Underground: Development, Stoping

Surface: Tabular Deposit, Pre-Split, Trenching
Ideal Delivered Energy (IDE) MJ/

kg (at 100MPa)*
2.644
2.839

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
117
126

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
106
117

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
183
196

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
166
183
Density (in g/cc)
1.18-1.25 g/cc
Initiator
6D detonator or 8g/m det cord
Velocity of Detonation (VoD)**
2900-4000 m/s
Use with AEL 8D strength detonators

Best Practices
Always embed detonator charge firmly into at least one-third of the cartridge
When using det cord, a knot in intimate contact with the cartridge is recommended
Always handle with care
Keep detonators stored away from explosives
Store in a specially licenced, cool and dry area
Special Precautions
Maximum storage time is 12 months from date of manufacture, Legal*** storage is 6 months
in customers magazine
Keep away from flames, sparks and other sources of ignition

Consult with AEL explosives representative before destroying old/unwanted products
Water Resistance
Excellent
Gap Sensitivity
Touch
Excellent
RWS and RBS (relative weight strength and bulk strength) values relative to ANFO (=100%) at a density of 0.8g/cm3 using the VIXEN-i
detonation code
** Range of VODs dependent on hole diameter and confinement (rock properties)
32
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
Magnum Drygel Range
PRODUCT RANGE
MAGNUM CONTROL
MAGNUM FRAG
MAGNUM PLUS
Application
Underground: Overbreak
control, ledging, undercutting,
blasting of cubbies, low energy
applications
Underground: Narrow reef

stoping, good advance, good
fragmentation required
Underground: hard ground

conditions tunnelling,
UG2 stoping and other
tough breaking conditions

MJ/kg (at 100MPa)*
2.640
2.801
2.913

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
117
124
129

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
106
116
124

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
175
186
193

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
159
175
186
Density (in g/cc)
1.13-1.20
Initiator
2800 - 3900
Best Practices

2900-4000 m/s
Special Precautions

Maximum storage time is 12 months from date of manufacture, Legal** storage is 6 months
in customers magazine
Water Resistance
Excellent
Gap Sensitivity
Touch
detonation code
33
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
Magnum Buster
ZAMBIA ONLY
Magnum Buster is a premium emulsion

explosive that is used in commercial blasting
operations. The product is used in demanding
blasting operations where high VOD and high
energy is required. The explosive is packed
into plastic sleeves of variable dimensions.
The Magnum Buster range is only available
to customers purchasing from the Zambia
operations.
APPEARANCE
The product is packaged in printed sausageshaped cartridges with a firm, putty-like
consistency. The explosive appears white
in colour.
34
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
PRODUCT RANGE
MAGNUM BUSTER ZAMBIA
Application
Surface: General surface blasting applications

Underground: Development, Stoping, Shaft Deepening

MJ/kg (at 100MPa)*
2.265
Relative effective energy

(REE) (% ANFO at 100MPa)*
100

93

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
144

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
133
Density (in g/cc)
1.12-1.18
Initiator
3500-6000 m/s
Best Practices
When using for secondary blasting, ensure that a minimum product layer of 25mm
is maintained
Special Precautions
Maximum storage time is 12 months from date of manufacture, Legal** storage

is 6 months in customers magazine
Water Resistance
Excellent
Gap Sensitivity
40 mm
detonation code

Name: Magnum only applies to Africa and its offshore islands (all PEX).
35
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
SPECIALISED EXPLOSIVES
Magnum PB Control
Magnum Control PB 40/60 was designed for
tunnelling application in perimeter control.
The cartridge is used in conjunction with the
cartridge connector in order to create a firmer
unit for loading into blast holes. Due to the
rigid nature of the unit after the clip is added,
it is easy to load and presents more resistance
during the blast to ensure that the unit remains
in the hole for execution of its purpose, which is
to remove the last bit of rock without damaging
the side walls. Dry gel explosives do not contain
nitro glycerine
Appearance
in colour.
BENEFITS & FEATURES

Benefits
Safe to use
Easy loading
High performance
Suitable for use in wet holes
Features
Stiffness of Magnum Control PB does
not lend itself to compaction in the hole
Ideal for fragmentation control
Waterproof
36
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
PRODUCT RANGE
MAGNUM PB CONTROL 40
MAGNUM PB CONTROL 60
Application
Underground: Perimeter Blasting

MJ/kg (at 100MPa)
3.39
3.58

(REE) (% ANFO at 100MPa)
85
90

(% ANFO at 100MPa)
128
136
Density (in g/cc)
1.13-1.20
Initiator
Velocity of Detonation (VoD)*
>3000 m/s
Always prime with Largest initiator possible
Best Practices
Pneumatically loaded ANFO can be primed with a high strength detonator, booster
or an explosive charge
Always handle with care and store in dry conditions
Do not use with detonating cord
Special Precautions

Keep away from sources of heat and extreme impact, as well as static and friction
Water Resistance
Excellent
Gap Sensisitivity
Touch
Range of VODs dependent on hole diameter and confinement (rock properties)

37
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
Splitex
SPLITEX is a factory-prepared cartridge

explosive for pre-split blasting in opencast
mines and quarries. It consists of a continuous
string of water gel explosives cartridges, with
an internal line of detonating cord and an
external strainer cord. A water gel formulation
is used as the main explosives charge in
SPLITEX
and is available in diameters ranging from
25 to 50mm. SPLITEX does not contain
nitro glycerine.
Appearance
in colour.
BENEFITS & FEATURES

Benefits
Safe to use
Suitable for use in wet holes
Features
High velocity detonation
Cap sensitive explosive cartridge in a continuous
length around a centre cord of detonating cord.
A strainer line is crimped on the outside to support
the weight of the cartridge.
38
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
PRODUCT RANGE
SPLITEX
Application
Surface: Pre-splitting in open cast and quarry environment for high wall stability
Underground: Development, Stoping, Shaft Deepening

MJ/kg (at 100MPa)*
3.53

93

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
138
Density (in g/cc)
1.18-1.25
Initiator
Approximately 7000 m/s

Best Practices
When using for secondary blasting, ensure that a minimum product layer of 25mm
is maintained
Special Precautions

Use a sharp, smooth blade for cutting detonating cord
Water Resistance
Excellent

39
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
InstaStem
InstaStem is a non-detonating, self-stemming

rock breaking cartridge that is suitable for
both soft and hard rock and concrete breaking.
InstaStem cartridges are classified as UN:
0323 cartridges, power Device, Class1.4S; thus
for quantities less than 250kg, South African
legislation does not require InstaStem
products to be transported by an explosive
truck. InstaStem products can be delivered
to the shaft at any time and conventional
high explosive magazines are not required
for storage of product on site. It is however
emphasized that these cartridges are to be
locked up at all times as per normal explosives
legislation and modifying or tampering with the
cartridge can result in serious injury to the user.
40
InstaStem Cartridges, by virtue of its non-detonating

performance characteristic offer numerous benefits in
support of conventional explosives in certain applications.
In this regard, InstaStem products do not create a
shockwave, and hence are suitable for use in vibration
sensitive areas and in areas of low ventilation.
Appearance
A rigid plastic tube that is colour coded for easy
identification
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
OVERSIZE MANAGEMENT,
SLIPING AND CIVILS
BLASTING CARTRIDGE
CIVILS BLASTING
CARTRIDGE
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The Civils Blasting Cartridge is a non-detonating blasting

cartridge that creates no shockwave vibration. The
product is widely used for perimeter blasting on building
sites and in residential areas. It is also well designed for
road side trenching, blasting near HV lines and for laying
of water pipes and other utilities. This cartridge is highly
effective in breaking concrete and for use in multiplestory building demolition. No stemming or explosives
accessories required.
The Oversize Management and sliping Blasting

Cartridge enables drilling and blasting continuously
without clearing the area beyond 50m using appropriate
cover. It does not produce excessive flyrock and is not
detonator dependant for initiation. This device reduces
crusher maintenance, has no shockwave hazard to
equipment or people and no stemming is required.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
PRODUCT PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS

Density
1.582g/cm3
Speed of deflagration
320360 m/s
Maximum pressure
360mPa
Specific energy
5121 joules/g
Vibration (peak particle velocity)
<2mm/s@6m
water resistant
Yes
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Diameter
32mm
Required borehole diameter
34mm
Net weight per case
20kg
Box dimension
315x508x320mm
41
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
POWER BOOSTER
CARTRIDGE

Density
1.582g/cm3
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
380 m/s
Power Booster Cartridges can be used in conjunction

with any cartridge, to augment the power charge
delivered to the rock. Multiple Power Booster Cartridges
can be used in the same borehole, with a singel primary
cartidge to increase energy hen required. Especially
useful for longer blasting in hard rock environments.
Maximum pressure
360mPa
Specific energy
5121 joules/g
<2mm/s@6m
water resistant
Yes
42
Diameter
32mm
34mm
Net weight per case
20kg
Box dimension
315x508x320mm
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
HIGH ENERGY ROCK

BREAKING CARTRIDGE:
GENERATION 2
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
BENEFITS & FEATURES
Suitable for use in very hard rock mining

environments, particularly in underground environments.
The Generation 2 cartridge ontains a dual-stemming
mechanism, whereby the product created a gas seal
around itself. This ensures maximum energy delivery
to rock and eliminates any energy loss concerns in
fractured ground. The product is available in 150g, 200g
and 300g charges.
Benefits
No potential for operator error in charging holes
Hangingwall preservation, evident through visible
barrels after a blast
Complete drop and go solution
Immediate remedy in the event of a misfire

Density
1.582g/cm
360 m/s
Maximum pressure
460mPa
Specific energy
5121 joules/g
<6mm/s@6m
water resistant
Yes
Ease-of-use with timesaving and training advantage
Non explosive classification

Emission of harmless gasses
Features
Accelerates loading time by eliminating the need
for stemming
Allows for continuous operations
Significant improvement in commodity recovery
and yields
Diameter
43mm
45mm
Net weight per case
20kg
Box dimension
315x508x320mm
Class 1.4 S UN No. 0323, Cartridge, power device
43
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
Anfex
Anfex is a free flowing Ammonium Nitrate and

fuel oil blasting agent for use in commercial
blasting operations.
The ANA used in the manufacture of Anfex, with its
world leading friability rate (less than 2%) is a guarantee
of the structural integrity of the prill during blast holes
loading operations.
Anfex fuel ratios are carefully controlled and provide
the optimum chemical balance for good post detonation
fume characteristics.
Appearance
The product is packaged in a 25kg plastic bag,
which contains four 6.25kg multibags.
BENEFITS & FEATURES

Benefits
Cost effective blasting solution
Can be pour- or blow-loaded
Misfired holes can safely be washed out with water
Features
Comparatively safe when handling due to low
sensitivity to shock, friction and impact
Long storage life if stored correctly
Technical Properties
AEL Anfex does not contain any micro spheres
which may be harmful if inhaled during pneumatic
loading operations.
44
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
PRODUCT RANGE
ANFO PNEUMATICALLY LOADED
ANFO POUR LOADED
Application
Underground: Narrow reef, Massive
Colour
White to off-white and may appear grey if recycled oil is used for fuelling

MJ/kg (at 100MPa)*
2.608
2.261

115
100

109
100

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
144
100

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
136
100
Density (in g/cc)**
0.90-1.05
0.78-0.82
Initiator
8D detonator
Minimum 150g Pentolite Primer
Velocity of Detonation
(VoD)***
2500-3500 m/s
Always prime with Largest initiator possible
Best Practices
Pneumatically loaded ANFO can be primed with a high strength detonator, booster
or an explosive charge
Do not use in wet mining conditions as Anfex is water soluble
Special Precautions
Do not use with detonating cord
Sleep time
<48 hours
<48 hours
Water Resistance
Poor
Poor
detonation code

Class 1.1D UN No. 0082, EXPLOSIVE, BLASTING, Type B
45
packaged explosives
Bulk Anfex
Ammonium Nitrate Prill-Based
Bulk Anfex is a Porous Prill Ammonium Nitrate

and fuel oil blasting agent for use in commercial
blasting operations.
The prill characteristics are optimised to provide
excellent resistance to friability. The prills are mixed insitu with fuel oil in Mobile Manufacturing Units (MMUs) or
ANFO Loaders.
Benefits & Features

Benefits
Cost effective blasting solution
Easy to charge using auger loading
Misfired holes can safely be washed out with water
Technical Specifications
On-site manufacturing in MMU
Appearance
Features
Bulk Anfex comprises prills that are white or off-white

in colour.
Safe to handle due to low sensitivity to shock,

friction and impact
Attains full coupling
46
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
PRODUCT RANGE
BULK ANFEX
Application
Surface: Open cast, open pit, quarrying, construction
Colour
White to off-white and may appear grey if recycled oil is used for fuelling
Ideal Delivered Energy (IDE) MJ/kg

(at 100MPa)*
2.261
Relative effective energy (REE) (%

ANFO at 100MPa)*
100
Relative effective energy (REE) (%

ANFO at 20MPa)*
100

(% ANFO at 100MPa)*
100

(% ANFO at 20MPa)*
100
Density (in g/cc)**
0.78-0.82
150g Pentolite Primer in 76-127 diameter hole
Initiator
400g Pentolite Primer in 140-215 and 251-311 diameter holes
2000-3500 m/s
Use in dry blast holes
Best Practices
Sleeping charged Bulk Anfex is not recommended

Do not use in wet mining conditions as Anfex is water soluble
Special Precautions
Do not store ANFO
Sleep Time
Not recommended
Water Resistance
Poor

Class 1.1D UN No. 0082, EXPLOSIVE, BLASTING, Type B N
47
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
Buster
Control
Frag
Plus
Magnum Buster Gel
Magnum 365 Gel
Anfex
Magnum PB Control
Splitex
PACKAGED & SPECIALISED EXPLOSIVES
Magnum Buster (Zambia Only)
Magnum Control
Magnum Frag
Magnum Plus
Magnum Buster Gel
Magnum 365 Gel
Anfex
Magnum PB Control
Splitex
BLD*
BLD*
BLD*
Electronic Delay Detonators DigiShot
BLD*
Powercord 8
Powercord 10
Pentolite Primers
DONOR
48
BLD = Blow Loaded
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
Notes
49
PACKAGED EXPLOSIVES
Notes
50
INITIATING
SYSTEMS
As a holistic provider of a comprehensive range
of commercial explosives and services, AELs
extensive portfolio of initiating systems and
global manufacturing capability, offers world
class solutions for all mining applications.
With a long history and proven track record, AEL is

strategically positioned to offer a range of products and
solutions, to suit market requirements for underground,
surface and construction applications. Our initiating
systems and components are highly adaptable, designed
with the user in mind and are available as Standard and
Made-To-Order products.
The suite of initiating systems includes electronic-,
non-electric (Shock Tube)- and electric detonators, as
well as a comprehensive range of boosters, detonating
cords and starters - all of which fully compliment the
companys entire range of explosive solutions.
Reinforcing our position as a value add solutions
provider, AEL is fully equipped to offer technical
support and services globally , providing customers
a turnkey solution and complete peace of mind.
INITIATING SYSTEMS
Non-Electric Assemblies
SHOCK TUBE
AEL offers its customers in the mining and construction industry a full range of non-electric shock tube initiating products.
Certain custom delays are available if required, liaise with the relevant AEL representative.
Sleep time
2 weeks
8 strength
N/A
2 weeks
VOD of
shock tubing
nominal 2000m/s
Outside
diameter of
shock tubing
~3mm
Packaging
(cases):
Dimensions
(LxBxH)
Gross weight
Excellent
4 strength
Extender
Lead-in
Cluster
Multi LPD
Multi SPD
Trunkline
2
strength
nominal 15mg/m
Minimum
Initiator
52
48 hours
2
strength
Core load
of tubing
Water
resistance
8 strength in-hole
2 strength out-hole
Splitter
Detonator
strength
Uni-Delay
SP
Technical
properties
Uni-Delay
LP
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS OF SHOCK TUBE
N/A
N/A
Sealer
Cap
required
3.6g/m detonating cord

2 strength out-hole connector
Shock Tube starter device
Instantaneous Electric detonator
565x295x270mm
25kg
(reels)
510x270x250mm
9kg
Sleep time capability is dependent on aromatic fuels used, diesoline is used as the baseline at 40C as per SANS 551 for Uni-Delay LP series
INITIATING SYSTEMS
BENEFITS
Immune to hazards of radio frequency radiation,
stray currents and electro-static discharge
The shock tube has a 18kg minimum break load
Rugged, abrasion-resistant tubing
Ergonomically designed connectors facilitate ease
of coupling while ensuring positive retention during
handling and upon initiation

AVAILABILITY
Class 1.1B UN No 0360, DETONATOR ASSEMBLIES,
NON-ELECTRIC
Class 1.4S UN No 0455, DETONATOR ASSEMBLIES,
NON-ELECTRIC
STORAGE & EXPIRY
Storage conditions
Moderate temperatures
and dry conditions
in a well-ventilated,
approved magazine
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
Product shelf life
36 months
Handle with care - detonators are explosive
Legal storage*
27 months
Temperatures >90C may result in spontaneous

explosion
Expiry Date#
6 months
Where applicable, coloured connectors are used

for specific delays ensuring easy identification
and verifying coupling sequences at a glance
Severe impact on the detonator or tubing can

result in accidental initiation and explosion
Subject to ideal storage conditions, inclusive of extension period
Ideal storage conditions may vary upon region or country

of operation
From issue date following delivery/collection from the

AEL magazines (within the 36 month storage window)
53
INITIATING SYSTEMS
Uni-Delay LP
SHOCK TUBE
A Uni-Delay LP (long period) is a non-electric

initiation system which is designed for use
in underground mines. The unit consists of
both out-hole and an in-hole delay detonator.
Assembled with clear or brilliant yellow shock
tube, the latter for the Vivid product series
where improve visibility characteristics are
required. The Vivid series is assembled
with neon orange connectors to maximise
the product visibility in the dark, dusty and
muddy underground conditions. The Vivid
series is also suitable for surface mining
and civil operations where a long burning
front is required i.e. trenching.
Appearance
A length of shock tubing, which incorporates a 4000ms
in-hole delay detonator that is crimped onto one end
and a 200ms short delay out-hole detonator crimped
onto the other end. Both detonators include a rubber
plug which the shock tube is threaded through. The outhole detonator is located in a specially designed plastic
connector body. There are two variants available, the
Uni-Delay LP (6) or (3) which hold a maximum of six
or three lengths of shock tube respectively, the latter
is ideally suited to narrow reef mining conditions.
Both variants are available in the highly visible
Vivid product offering.
Features
All in-hole detonators have the same delay
20 hole burning front
Clear or brilliant yellow (Vivid) shock tubing

96% Reduction in lead compounds compared
to conventional lead drawn detonators
Application
Narrow Reef; Bord & Pillar; Tunnelling; Stoping;
Trenching
PRODUCT RANGE
Out-hole
In-hole
Nominal delay
periods (ms)
200ms
4000ms
Colour code
Clear(6) or
Neon Orange (6)
n/a
Orange (3)
n/a
UNITS PER CASE/BAG

Length (m)
Units per case
NEQ (kg)
2.0, 2.5 & 3.0m
300
0.45
3.5 & 4.0m
250
0.38
4.5 & 5.0m
200
0.30
6.0 & 7.0m
150
0.23
Clear plastic connector body (6) or an orange

connector body (3), Vivid product (6) series
use a neon orange connector
54
INITIATING SYSTEMS
Splitter
SHOCK TUBE
A Splitter is a non-electric initiation system

which is designed for splitting the blast
timing in multiple directions, in underground
mines. The unit consists of two out-hole
delay detonators in the desired colour
coded connector body.
Application
Narrow Reef; Bord & Pillar; Tunnelling and Stoping
PRODUCT RANGE
Connector block
Brown
White
Nominal delay
periods (ms)
100/100ms
200/200ms
Appearance
A length of shock tubing, which incorporates an out-hole
delay detonator crimped onto each end. Both detonators
include either a rubber plug or sleeve. Both detonators
are located in a plastic connector body. The plastic body
is colour-coded according to the delay of the out-hole
detonators.
Features
The unit will initiate one or more Uni-Delay and/or
Trunkline assemblies
UNITS PER CASE/BAG

Length (m)
Units per case
NEQ (kg)
200
0.1
1.5
200
0.1
200
0.1
Delay timing system: 100ms; 200ms or a 100/200ms

combination
Green coloured shock tubing
55
INITIATING SYSTEMS
Multi SPD
SHOCK TUBE
A Multi SPD (short period delay) is a nonelectric initiation system which is designed
for use in underground and surface mines.
The unit contains an in-hole delay detonator.
PRODUCT RANGE
Colour code
Fern Green
Silver
Light Pink
Nominal
delay (ms)
350
450
500
Appearance
A length of yellow shock tubing, which includes a short
period delay in-hole detonator. The detonator includes
either a rubber plug or sleeve that is crimped on one end.
The detonator delay period is printed along the length
of the detonator shell. The free end of the shock tube is
sealed and incorporates a colour-coded connector clip,
which indicates the delay period. A tag may be attached
behind the connector clip which indicates the length of
tubing, as well as the delay time.
Length (m)
Units per case
NEQ (kg)
4&5
200
0.2
6&7
180
0.18
150
0.15
Connector clip connects assembly to detonating cord
130
0.13
Yellow coloured shock tubing
10 & 12
100
0.1
Application
15 & 18
90
0.09
Tunnelling, Massive mining; Trenching; Open Pit;

Quarrying; Construction
20 & 25
60
0.06
30
50
0.05
35, 40 & 45
25
0.025
Features
56
UNITS PER CASE/BAG
INITIATING SYSTEMS
Multi LPD
SHOCK TUBE
A Multi LPD (long period delay) is a nonelectric initiation system which is designed
for use in underground and surface mines.
The unit contains an in-hole long period
delay detonator.
Appearance
A length of green shock tubing, which incorporates a long
period in-hole delay detonator. The detonator includes
either a rubber plug or sleeve that is crimped on one
end. The detonator delay period is printed along the
length of the shell. The free end of the shock tube is
sealed and incorporates a colour coded connector
clip indicating the delay period and a round sticker
indicating the delay number.
Application
Massive mining, Construction; Tunnelling; Stoping;
Trenching
UNITS PER CASE/BAG
Features
23 different long period delays
Multiple delay combinations to facilitate even the most
complex blast designs
Connector clip connects assembly to detonating cord
Length (m)
Units per case
NEQ (kg)
2&3
250
0.25
3.5; 4.0; 4.5;

5.0 & 5.5
200
0.2
175
0.175
PRODUCT RANGE
Delay number
Nominal delay (ms)
100
200
300
400
500
Colour code
Turquoise
Brown
Clear
Curry
Pearl Violet
Light pink
Delay number
10
11
Nominal delay (ms)
600
700
800
1000
1250
1500
Colour code
Dark blue
Powder blue
Lime green
Light brown
Light grey
Burnt orange
Delay number
12
13
14
15
16
17
Nominal delay (ms)
1750
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Colour code
Amber
Agate
Rose quartz
Emerald
Coral
Aqua Marine
Delay number
18
19
20
21
22
Nominal delay (ms)
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Colour code
Amethyst
Stone
Tanzanite
Ruby
Jade
57
INITIATING SYSTEMS
Uni-Delay SP
SHOCK TUBE
A Uni-Delay SP (short period) variant

is a non-electric initiation system which is
designed for use in underground and surface
mines. The unit consists of an in-hole and an
out-hole delay, each with a selection of delay
time combinations.
PRODUCT RANGE SURFACE DELAY

Nominal
delay
(ms)
17
25
42
75
Colour
code
Blue
Orange
Yellow
Red
350
450
500
Appearance
A length of yellow shock tubing, which incorporates an
in-hole delay detonator crimped onto one end and a short
delay out-hole delay detonator crimped onto the other
end. Both detonators incorporate either a rubber plug
or sleeve. The out-hole detonator is located in a plastic
Rhino connector body, which is colour-coded according to
the delay of the out-hole detonator. The in-hole detonator
delay is printed along the length of the detonator shell.
IN-HOLE DELAY
Nominal delay (ms)
UNITS PER CASE/BAG

Length (m)
Units per case
NEQ (kg)
35
175
0.3
7&8
125
0.2
9 & 10
100
0.2
Reduced noise levels as compared with

detonating cord
12 18
75
0.2
Various surface and in-hole delays
21, 25 & 30
50
0.1
Contains optimally charged detonator for shock

tube initiation in both directions
35 40
25
0.1
Features
Accurate delay sequence
Eliminates the requirement for detonating cord
and relays
Yellow coloured shock tubing
Application
All applications
58
INITIATING SYSTEMS
Trunkline
SHOCK TUBE
A Trunkline is a non-electric initiation system

which is designed for use in underground and
surface mines. The unit consists of an out-hole
detonator. For Surface mining applications,
the new Rhino connector is used to ensure
positive shock tube retention during handling
and initiation providing improved reliability of
initiation and ease of use.
Appearance
A length of green shock tubing, which includes a short
period delay detonator and a rubber sleeve or plug
that has been crimped on one end. The free end of the
shock tube is sealed and incorporates a colour-coded
connector clip which indicates the delay period. The outhole detonator is located in a plastic six tube connector
block, which is colour-coded according to the delay of
the detonator. The underground 0ms Trunkline will
remain on the original turquoise connector block.
Features
Combined Trunkline and delay
Can be used in underground or surface applications
The Rhino connector block has a six tube capacity
PRODUCT RANGE
Nominal
delay (ms)
17
25
Colour code Turquoise
Blue
Orange
Nominal
delay (ms)
75
100
Red
Brown
42
Colour code Yellow
UNITS PER CASE/BAG

Length (m)
Units per case
NEQ (kg)
250
0.2
3&5
200
0.2
175
0.1
7&8
150
0.1
10
120
0.1
Application
All applications
59
INITIATING SYSTEMS
Cluster
SHOCK TUBE
A Cluster is a non-electric initiation system

which is designed for use in a multitude of
applications. The unit consists of a trunk line
delay detonator housed in a cluster connector
block. Used for initiating shock tube assemblies
or detonating cord. Ideal for civil applications,
line blasting where simultaneous initiation is
advantageous, replaces the detonating relay.
PRODUCT RANGE
Nominal
delay (ms)
17
Colour code Blue
25
42
Orange
Yellow
Appearance
UNITS PER CASE/BAG
A length of green shock tubing that incorporates a short

period delay detonator. The detonator includes a sleeve
that has been crimped on one end with a given length
of shock tubing. The free end of the shock tube is sealed
and incorporates a colour coded connector clip. The delay
period is also printed along the length of the detonator.
The detonator is fitted into a colour-coded cluster
connector block.
Length (m)
Units per case
NEQ (kg)
250
0.2
200
0.2
4&5
175
0.2
Features
150
0.1
Three different delays
10 & 15
75
0.1
Colour-coded connector clip and cluster connector

block indicates delay time
Application
Open Pit; Quarrying; Construction; Trenching; Civil
60
INITIATING SYSTEMS
Lead-in
SHOCK TUBE
A reel of shock tube with a detonator encased

in a cluster connector block, used to extend
the blast to a safe initiation point.
PRODUCT RANGE
Nominal delay (ms)
25
Colour code
Orange
Appearance
A length of shock tubing spooled onto a reel. One end of
the tubing is crimped into a short period delay detonator.
The detonator includes a rubber sleeve that has been
crimped on one end. The free end of the shock tube
is sealed and incorporates a colour coded cobra clip.
The delay period is also printed along the length of the
detonator. The detonator is fitted into a colour-coded
cluster connector block. A tag attached to the shock tube
indicates the length of tubing, as well as the delay period.
UNITS PER CASE/BAG

Length (m)
Units per case
NEQ (kg)
200
10 reels
0.1
500
2 reels
0.1
Features
Reduced noise versus detonating cord
Positive initiation control
Tubing is spooled, for easy off-reeling
The cluster connector block has a positive
locking cover
Application
Quarrying; Construction; Trenching; Open Pit; Civil
61
INITIATING SYSTEMS
Extender
SHOCK TUBE
A reel of shock tubing with a separate 10cm

length of clear plastic joiner tubing, which
can be used to join shock tube ends in order
to extend the initiation point to a safe distance
from the blast.
Appearance
Green coloured shock tube coiled on a hard board or
plastic reel to ensure ease of unreeling.
A black end cap is used to seal both ends of the tubing
as to prevent powder loss and/or moisture ingression.
Features
Joiner tube enables easy extension to required length
Easy to use
Application
Used in conjunction with a lead-in line or a Trunkline
assembly.
Open Pit; Quarrying; Construction; Tunnelling; Stoping;
Ring Blasting; Trenching
PRODUCT RANGE
500m
3000m (International only)
Units per case/bag

500m length with 2 reels per case
3000m length with 1 reel per case
62
INITIATING SYSTEMS
Notes
63
INITIATING SYSTEMS
Notes
64
ELECTRONIC
DELAY
DETONATORS
Initiating
Systems
AEL, in conjunction with high-tech electronic

initiating system developers, DetNet have
pioneered and spearheaded the development
and production of electronic detonators since
the early 1990s.
Electronic Delay Detonators
Electronic initiation systems enable functions

that traditional pyrotechnic systems lack.
Besides the immediately obvious benefits of
improved environmental blasting conditions
such as reduced blast vibration and air blast;
the system's increased timing control allows for
accurate blast modelling and optimisation of the
initiation sequence, before triggering the blast.
This functionality affords the advanced user the

opportunity to utilise accurate blast timing to
optimise the blasting process outcome. As a result the
downstream mining processes benefit hugely making
the entire mining cycle much more cost efficient. Leading
mining companies across the globe have come to realise
the massive cost benefit which AEL electronic detonators
provide where they are applied in this manner. AEL
Mining Services have extensive experience in providing
the electronic detonator solution for your specific mining
need and can assist in optimising your blast designs to
enhance value through precision blasting.
The AEL range of electronic initiating systems is safe
and robust. All of our electronic detonator systems are
designed to be immune to accidental initiation. The
systems use safety keys with encrypted codes which
ensure that only authorized personnel can initiate the
systems. The detonator- and control equipment designs
are subjected to stringent, internationally recognised
safety tests before release to the market
To cope with the mining industry's varied mining
environments, AEL's electronic detonator systems are
extremely diverse, making them ideal to use in the
simplest and the toughest situations. From tunnelling,
shaft sinking, underground stoping and all forms of
surface mining environments.
66
General specifications of Electronic Delay Detonators

Technical properties
DigiShot
DigiShot Plus
Maximum dets
300 per blaster
1800 per blaster
Maximum blasters
2 and 1 with RF
Typical use
Quarrying & civils
Large open pit
Delay Time
Programmable -
range is 1 to 20 000ms
Programmable -
range is 1 to 20 000ms
Detonator strength
8D
8D
Water resistance
Excellent
Excellent
Downline wire type
Steel 2-wire Red
Steel 2-wire Green
Special Precautions
Handle with care detonators are explosive
Temperatures 90 may result in spontaneous explosion
Storage & Expiry

Storage conditions
Moderate temperatures and dry conditions in a wellventilated, approved magazine
Product shelf life

36 months (3 years)
67
DigiShot
DigiShot is an easy-to use, reliable electronic

initiating system for use primarily in smaller
blasting operations that demand accurate
timing. Examples include environmentally
sensitive operations such as quarrying,
tunnelling operations and smaller civil blasts.
Automatic or programmable delay timing

Fully functionality testing
Features
The DigiShot electronic initiation system represents an

innovative advance in technology, which enables users
to achieve the accurate timing benefits of electronic
initiation systems with robust all-weather wire-leads
and surface connectors. As an added benefit, the ability to
blast wirelessly will be included from 2015 in this system.
Rugged reliability
Mining Method
Appearance
Underground
The detonator shell is copper with very robust steel down

line wire covered in a red polymer. The coil is housed in
a clear plastic shrink sleeve which deploys the wire in a
convenient manner
Massive; Tunnelling
Benefits & Features

Benefits
Easy-to-use
68
Minimal on-bench components to simplify use
Immune to stray currents

Designed to be initiated by firing equipment
specifically designed for the DigiShot system
Surface
Opencast; Open Pit; Quarrying; Construction
Application
Smaller blasts in Tunnelling; Ring Blasting; Trenching;
Open Pit; Quarrying; Civils
ELECTRONIC DELAY DETONATORS
PACKAGING
Case Box dimensions (LxBxH) 455x305x215mm
Detonators currently produced in the following lengths:
DIGISHOT
1.1B
1.4S
Length(m)
Units/case
Units/case
1.8
120
3.0
102
4.2
78
54
66
50
9
10
48
60
12
42
36
15
42
36
20
30
30
25
30
24
30
24
24
35
24
40
18
50
12
Note Specific length requirements can be discussed for high volume orders

Class 1.1B, UN No. 0030, Product Group 2, DETONATORS, ELECTRIC
Class 1.4S, UN No 0456, Product Group 2, DETONATORS, ELECTRIC
69
DigiShot Plus
DigiShot Plus is the Flagship system in

Electronic Detonators. It is an easy-to use,
reliable electronic initiating system with
remote firing capability and can be extended
to fire very large blasts.
The user can link several systems together through an
RF link to fire multiple large benches in a synchronised
or offset manner. The detonator connector system has
been improved over several years of continuous use and
offers a truly reliable and robust connection mechanism.
Appearance
The detonator shell is copper with 2 -steel wires
covered in a robust green polymer with an extremely
high breaking strain. Deployment is via the proven heatshrink coil deployment system.
BENEFITS & FEATURES
MINING METHOD
Surface
Opencast; Open Pit Large scale blasting
Application
Open Pit
PACKAGING
Case Box dimensions (LxBxH) 455x305x215mm
Detonators currently produced in the following lengths:
DIGISHOT PLUS
1.1B
1.4S
Length(m)
Units/case
Units/case
3.0
102
4.2
78
54
66
50
Benefits
High accuracy
10
Minimal on-bench components to simplify use
12
Automatic or programmable delay timing

Full functionality testing at safe voltage
Electronic logs of every interaction on the equipment
is kept, which provides a useful tool to the manager
to monitor and investigate blast history.
Features
Rugged reliability
36
36
20
30
30
25
30
24
30
24
24
35
18
40
18
45
12
50
12
Designed to be initiated by firing equipment

specifically designed for the DigiShot Plus system
60
Synchronization capability
42
42
55
Multiple blast capability
60
15
Immune to stray currents
Remote firing capability
48
80
18
12
12
12
10
Note Specific length requirements can be discussed for high

volume orders

Class 1.1B, UN No. 0030, Product Group 2, DETONATORS,
ELECTRIC
Class 1.4S, UN No 0456, Product Group 2, DETONATORS,
ELECTRIC
70
71
NetShock
ELECTRONIC INITIATORS
NetShock is a purpose designed device

that links the cost benefits of traditional
shock tube systems with those of electronic
blasting systems without the need to switch
to electronic detonators.
Appearance
An aluminium tube which contains an electronic
detonator assembly with an integrally moulded
clip allowing easy connection to shock tubes.
MINING METHOD
Underground
Narrow Reef; Massive
Application
Tunnelling; Stoping
PACKAGING
Description
Case
BENEFITS & FEATURES
Dimensions (LxBxH)
260 x 215 x 147mm
Benefits
Gross weight (kg)
1.9
Conveys real time in-stope intelligence and reports

to the central management workstation
Units per case
25
Safety benefits of NetShock initiators include

protection to over voltages, electrostatic discharge
and unauthorised use as the detonator requires a
specific coded signal to fire.

Class 1.1B, UN No. 0030, Product Group 2, DETONATORS,
ELECTRIC
Features
Provides the mines with computer-driven
centralised blasting functionality for conventional
shock tube systems
Designed to be used with the AEL centralised
blasting system
72
CE 4 Tagger
ELECTRONIC DELAY DETONATOR EQUIPMENT
The CE4 Tagger is an upgraded replacement for the

existing V8 electronic delay detonator tagging device.
It provides the user with several updated features and is
housed in an improved robust casing that stands up well
to the harsh user environment. The power management
system has been improved giving extended battery life.
The upgraded LCD display is easier to read and can
display more information at once. The touch pad has
been upgraded from a flat pad to raised silicon buttons
with backlighting, providing improved tactile feedback
to the user when inputting information especially when
wearing gloves. A vibration user feedback has been
added along with a variable tone audio speaker which
improves user error communications vastly. The IP
rating has been improved to the point that it can
be immersed under 1m of water and remains fully
functional afterwards.
GPS capability has been added as well as other features
useful to blasting personnel. The CE4 Tagger is loaded
with the appropriate software for the product being used
so that the user interface between different products
remains familiar.
Appearance
The CE4 tagger is housed in a rugged yellow and black
casing rubberised in certain areas to help absorb impact
during handling. It contains a high detail LCD display
screen and a rubberised and backlit raised silicone
keypad. The unit weighs about 600g.
BENEFITS & FEATURES

Benefits
Unique electronic ID assists with control and tracking
of units
Next generation of control equipment with enhanced
features
Features
Vastly improved user interface
Scratch resistant screen
Toughened device for use in harsh environments
Ease of use
APPLICATION METHOD
Surface and Underground
All areas of Electronic detonator use
Application
Applicable to all AEL ranges of electronic detonators
SOFTWARE VERSIONS
Software is loaded at manufacture and can be
upgraded via USB dongle.

N/A
73
ViewShot
Electronic Detonator blast timing software
ViewShot is a software package designed for

interfacing blast designs with DigiShotTM and
DigiShot PlusTM firing equipment. It provides
the user with the ability to design complex
and detailed blast designs and interrogate
the timing design before the blast takes place.
When using ViewShot the blast timing does not have to
be uploaded manually which saves time. The user can
apply the timing design to the detonators right up to the
point where it becomes necessary to blast. This means
that last minute changes to the timing can be done
without the need to re-visit the detonators deployed
in the blast area.
The ViewShot blast design software package allows
blasting plans to be designed and simulated on a
computer that can be directly downloaded into the
control equipment. This enables the user to save
substantial time during the blasting process
Benefits & Features

Benefits
Allows fast and convenient upload of detonator timing
to your pre-loaded blast.
Allows viewing of the blast firing sequence on a
PC and changing of blast timing to optimise blast
outcomes
Features
Provides the user with the ability to change detonator
timing to the moment before the actual blast
programming starts.
Provides the ability to ensure single hole firing and
minimise maximum instantaneous charge firing per
blast
Mining Method
All
74
BlastWeb
Electronic Detonator Centralised
Blasting System
The BlastWeb electronic initiation system

is designed for underground environments
where there is a requirement for ease-ofuse, limited user interaction and centralised
blasting. The BlastWeb electronic initiation
system is capable of initiating specific AEL
electronic detonators. The main requirement
is filled by NetShock which is used to
initiate underground shock tube rounds.
Benefits & Features
The system is deployed internationally

with a solid performance track record.
The lost blast rate is significantly reduced using

this system thereby minimising production losses.
Benefits
Pre-blast diagnosis and communication of potential
safety hazards and production problems.
The scale, location and extent of the planned blasts
are known before panels are centrally initiated from
the surface.
Features
Provides pre- and post-blast diagnostics.
Includes an on-board diagnostic system for safe
testing.
Timing offset between sections can be introduced
for mining areas that require reduced seismicity.
The use of high security blast keys and passwords
ensure that total blast safety is always under the
control of the responsible person.
Mining Method
All
75
Notes
76
ELECTRIC
INITIATORS
ELECTRIC INITIATORS
An instantaneous electric detonator (IED),

which nominally detonates without delay
on application of the electric firing current.
The copper detonator is fitted with a Type S
fusehead to which two insulated leg wires of
diameter 0.5 mm are welded. The wires pass
through a moulded plug which is crimped into
the open end of a copper detonator tube. The
colour of the insulated wires are usually white
and red and bared at the ends.
Appearance
A copper detonator with red and white PVC leg wires
wound in a figure eight coil.
BENEFITS & FEATURES

Benefits
Lead wire insulation is stripped on ends for
quick connection
Lead wires are easy to deploy and handle
Low cost, yet reliable and predictable initiation
of blasts
Excellent water resistance
Features
Standard type S fusehead
Bridge-wire resistance: 1.2 to 1.6
Firing impulse
No fire 0.8mj/
All fire 3.0mj/
No fire current
0.2 amps for 50ms
Available with short tangle-free, copper lead wires
630mg explosive PETN base charge
Detonator (High Strength)
78
ELECTRIC INITIATORS
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE

Always keep lead wires shorted until ready to fire.
Handle with care. Damage to the wires could
lead to misfires
Never carry IED assemblies by holding onto
the detonator
Always keep detonators pointing away from you
Severe impact on the detonator can result in
an explosion
PACKAGING
DESCRIPTION
CASE
Box Dimensions
(L x B X H)
555x412x242 mm
Gross weight (kg)
16 kg
COPPER WIRE
Avoid all possible sources of ignition (friction,

impact, static and heat)
Wire length (m)
Units per case
Never pull the lead wires off the assemblies
2.0
800
Never connect the blast until all the charging

operations have been completed
3.5
800
Temperatures above 90C may result in

spontaneous explosion

Class 1.1B, UN No. 0030, DETONATORS, ELECTRIC
MINING METHOD
Underground
Narrow Reef
Surface
Application
Stoping; Secondary Blasting
79
ELECTRIC INITIATORS
Fusehead Assembly
A length of PVC covered copper wire which

has a standard Fusehead attached onto one
end, with the other wire end stripped from
PVC. Wire lengths are standardised to 2,0
and 3,5m lengths.
The fusehead ignites when sufficient current is
passed though the bridgewire. Fusehead assemblies
are mainly used to initiate black powder in dimensional
stone quarries.
Figure eight wire winding

Tin plated copper wires with PVC insulation, diameter
0,6/1,3mm

Fuseheads assemblies are initiated by a shot exploder
or a centralised blasting system.
MINING METHOD
Surface
Appearance
Quarrying
A length of white PVC covered copper wire wound in

a figure of eight. A standard Vulcan fusehead attached
to one end, with the other wire end stripped from PVC.
Application
BENEFITS & FEATURES
PACKAGING
Benefits
Case Gross weight 12kg
Quarrying
Circuit can be easily tested
LEADING
WIRE (M)
UNITS PER
CASE
LXBXH
(MM)
Lead wire insulation is stripped on ends for quick

connections
1000
535 x 185 x 192
Ease of deployment
3.5
500
455 x 372 x 177
Stripped lead wire ends allow for quick connections
Features
Available with short tangle-free wire
Standard wire lengths of 2,0 and 3,5 m

Class 1.4S UN No 0454, IGNITERS
Standard type 0 fusehead or equivalent

Resistance 1.40 (0.20)
80
ELECTRIC INITIATORS
Electric Shock Tube Starter
An instantaneous electric detonator (IED),

which nominally detonates without delay
on application of the electric firing current.
The aluminium detonator is partially filled
with an initiating charge of lead azide and
Pentaerythritoltetranitrate (PETN). The unit
is fitted with a fuse head (HiFIRE Type F) to
which two insulated copper wires of 1.3 mm
diameter are welded. The wires pass through a
plug which is crimped into the open end of the
tube. The colour of the insulated wires is white
and yellow. The wires are 1,0m long and
are bared at the ends. The detonator is fitted
into a green REEFMASTER connector.
Appearance
An electrically initiated aluminium detonator contained in
a green plastic connector body. It has white & yellow PVC
coated leg wires 1m in length.
BENEFITS & FEATURES

Benefits
Easy to use, versatile and reliable method of initiating
shock tubing
Initiates all shock tube initiating system assemblies
REEFMASTER does not create shrapnel that could
cut off shock tube in the vicinity
Excellent water resistance provided by moulded plugs
and crimp
Lead wire insulation is stripped on ends for quick
connection
Reliable and predictable initiation of blasts
Features
Uses Statsafe type 1 fusehead
1,0m tangle-free copper leading wires
Connector block to facilitate connection of up to six
shock tube lines
450mg base charge
Low explosives charges, 150mg lead azide and
40mg PETN
81
ELECTRIC INITIATORS
MINING METHOD
Handle with care. Damage to the block or wires

could lead to misfires
Underground
Never carry a Shock Tube Starter assembly by

holding onto the detonator block
Always keep detonators pointing away from you
Severe impact on the detonator can result in an
explosion
Keep away from sources of heat and other forms
of ignition (e.g. RF transmitters)
Never pull the wires
Never connect the blast until all the charging
operations have been completed
Ensure that the shock tube lines are properly
inserted in the block for reliable application
82
Narrow Reef
Surface
Application
Tunnelling; Stoping; Open Pit; Quarrying
PACKAGING
DESCRIPTION
CASE
Dimensions (LxBxH)
360 x 360 x 190 mm
Gross weight (kg)
7 kg
Units per case
240
Handle with care - detonators are explosive
Do not attempt to initiate detonating cord

with this product
Class 1.1B UN No 0030, DETONATORS, ELECTRIC
ELECTRIC INITIATORS
Notes
83
ELECTRIC INITIATORS
Notes
84
ACCESSORIES
ACCESSORIES
TECHNICAL PROPERTIES
DETONATING
CORDS
PENTOLITE
PRIMERS
Velocity of Detonation
6000m/s
7500 m/s
Water resistance
Good
Good
Sleep time
2 weeks
2 weeks
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
Detonating & Waterproof Cords
Pentolite Primers
Handle with care damage to the product could lead

to misfires
Handle with care damage to the product may

lead to misfires
Keep away from all sources of ignition
Keep away from all sources of ignition
Avoid all forms of shock
Temperatures in excess of 90C may result

in spontaneous explosion
Never connect the blast until all charging operations

are completed
Avoid all possible sources of heat
Keep free ends short to avoid excessive noise,

shrapnel & cut-offs
Never connect the blast until all charging operations

have been completed
STORAGE & EXPIRY
86
Detonating & Waterproof Cords
Pentolite Primers
5 years from date of manufacture
5 years from date of manufacture
ACCESSORIES
Detonating Cords
6g
High velocity flexible cords, which detonate at

6 000 m per second, of the following
construction: A continuous column of waterresistant pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN),
containing one or two centre yarns and enclosed
in a carrier tape bound by two layers of
yarns. This 'semi-cord' is waterproofed with a
continuous covering of orange, blue, yellow or
red plastic.
8g
10g
Appearance
The detonating cord product range is supplied under the
trade name of Powercord. Three products Powercord
6, Powercord 8 and Powercord 10 are distinguished
from each other by colour and by the mass of core load.
Powercord 6 is orange in colour and has an explosive core
load of 6g/m. Powercord 8 is blue and has an explosive
core load of 8g/m and Powercord 10 is yellow and has
an explosive core load of 10g/m.
BENEFITS & FEATURES

Benefits
Relatively insensitive to detonation by heat,
electrostatic discharge or other forms of electricity
Excellent resistance to side penetration by oil or water
High tensile strength
Easy to handle and to tie into knots
Flexible
Features
VOD: 6 000m/s
Reliably initiated with a 6D strength detonator
Easy to connect branch lines
Easy to initiate and can be extended with knots
87
ACCESSORIES

Detonating cords are used to detonate explosive
charges, in various blasting and mining applications.
They can be used as down lines or surface lines in
shock tube blasts.
MINING METHOD
Underground
Surface
Application
Tunnelling; Stoping; Massive (uphole); Ring Blasting;
Trenching; Open Pit; Quarrying; Civils
PRODUCT RANGE
88
PRODUCT
PETN CORE
LOAD (g/m)
COLOUR
TENSILE
STRENGTH (kg)
EXTERNAL
DIAMETER (mm)
Powercord 6
Orange
80
3.4 - 3.9
Powercord 8
Blue
80
3.2 5.0
Powercord 10
10
Yellow
80
3.2 5.0
PowercordR 8
Premium
Red/Black stripe
80
3.2 5.0
ACCESSORIES
PACKAGING
PRODUCT
LENGTH PER CASE (m)
BOX DIMENSIONS (mm)
Powercord 6
2 x 500
500x260x235
Powercord 8
2 x 350
500x260x235
Powercord 8
10 x 30
500x260x235
Powercord 10
2 x 350
500x260x235
Powercord 10
10 x 30
500x260x235
PowercordR 8 Premium
2 x 350
500x260x235

Class 1.1D UN No 0065, DETONATING CORD
89
ACCESSORIES
Pentolite Primers
Primers are plastic cylinders filled with a very

energetic explosive, comprising of a mixture
of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and
trinitrotoluene (TNT).
The primers incorporate circular detonator channels
for easy insertion of a detonator or detonating cord. The
channel intended for the detonator is stepped to prevent
the detonator from protruding from the primer, thus
ensuring proper location inside the primer.
The primer is impervious to wet conditions

A range of primers that can be initiated by electronic,
shock tube and plain detonators, and detonating cords
with core load of 8g/m
Detonation pressure of > 21Gpa
Virgin grade TNT used
Appearance
Pentolite Primers are used to initiate non-cap sensitive

explosives in cartridged or bulk form. Detonating
cords with core load 8g/m are recommended
for effective initiation of the pentolite primer.
The 60g, 150g, 250g, and 400g pentolite primers are

coloured orange, red, purple and blue respectively.
Apart from colour, they are also distinguishable by size.
The size in the product name describes the approximate
mass of Pentolite in each respective primer.
BENEFITS & FEATURES

Benefits
Relatively insensitive to detonation by impact,
friction, heat, electrostatic discharge or other
forms of electricity
PETN-rich composition for pick-up reliability
and high VOD
Fully protected detonator
Optimum diameter-to-length ratio for effective
loading and initiation of explosives
90
Features
MINING METHOD
Underground
Surface
Application
RECOMMENDED BOOSTER SIZES PER HOLE

The following table shows the recommended booster
sizes for optimal explosive performance in various hole
diameters.
ACCESSORIES
INCREASING HOLE DEPTH
HOLE IN DIAMETER (mm)

64
<5m
76
89
102
115
150
200
300
60g
100g<100mm
250g<127mm
>15m
400g<100mm
>35m
800g
PRODUCT RANGE
COLOUR
OD
W (mm)
STRAIGHT
CHANNEL
DIAMETER
0.2mm
STEPPED
CHANNEL
DIAMETER
0.2mm
60g Pentolite Primer
Orange
35
8.4
7.9-6.2
150g Pentolite hybrid Primer
Red
38
9.4
9.4-7.9-6.2
Purple
46
8.4
7.8-6.2
Blue
53
8.4
7.8-6.2
Orange
Special order
PENTOLITE MASS
(g)
PACKAGING
PENTOLITE MASS
(g)
UNITS
PER CASE
BOX DIMENSIONS
(mm)
GROSS WEIGHT
(kg)
240
435 x 360 x 295
23
150g Pentolite hybrid Primer
120
420 x 235 x 325
26
80
430 x 235 x 235
26
60
348 x 277 x 334
26
400g Pentolite Primer ( pack)
45
490 x 290 x 195
20
30
460 x 310 x 270
25

Class 1.1D UN No 0042, BOOSTERS WITHOUT DETONATOR
91
ACCESSORIES
Blast Initiation Timer (BIT)
The BIT-Delay is designed to initiate Electric

Shock Tube Starters connected in series, where
the total circuit resistance does not exceed 55.
Application
PRODUCT RANGE

Appearance
A red unit for specific minute timing activation.
A yellow unit for fixed day time activation.
BENEFITS & FEATURES
PENTOLITE
MASS (g)
COLOUR
RANGE
(MINUTES)
BIT Delay Time
Red*
15 / 30 / 45 /
60 / 120
Yellow*
Will be activated
in the window
period as
specified
on the unit
Benefits
Approved for use in fiery mines.
Safety Features
BIT Fixed-time
Operation is by means of a key switch and fires at a

specific time as indicated.
A continuity tester is included which indicates that a
blast circuit is connected. Should no blast circuit be
connected, a timing light will flash six times and the
unit will switch off.
Colour can vary per mine preference
PACKAGING
An indicator light flashes at 2s intervals during the

timing cycle and then at 0.4s during the last hour
before initiation time. The light turns on at the end of
the delay timing cycle and 5-10s later the unit fires.

The unit is powered by a rechargeable battery, which
must be recharged when the timing light double
flashes at the start of the timing cycle.
MINING METHOD
Underground
Surface
UNITS
PER
CASE
DIMENSIONS
(mm)
MASS
BIT Delay
Time
25
120mm x
82mm x
40mm.
0.55kg
BIT Fixedtime
25
120mm x
82mm x
40mm.
0.55kg
TRANSPORT (IA CERTIFICATE)

The units are transported as per Government approved
Inspection Authority certificates.

92
ACCESSORIES
Detonating Cord Cutter
A purpose manufactured detonating cord cutter

designed to be employed for the safe cutting of
detonating cords
Safety is the main reason for the development of this
item. The device has an internal blade that reduces the
risk of operator self-injury. The cutter is also approved
by the South African Chief Inspector of Explosives
Appearance
A red plastic safety cutting device containing a nonremovable blade, designed to safely cut detonating
cord to the required lengths
BENEFITS & FEATURES

Benefits
Prevents the use of unauthorised cutters such as
scissors, side cutters and improvised blades that
may cause accidental detonation of the detonating
cord when cut
Safety benefit, as no exposed blades carried
by blasters
Due to the captured blade, the potential for cut injuries
is significantly reduced
No need to replace the blade which lowers cut injuries
As the device is of low cost, its replacement value
is low
Features
Attachment ring provided to help prevent loss of device

The head of the cutter is in a chisel point, which can be
used to open packaging

Always cut away from your body
Although the blade is captured it remains a sharp
cutting instrument, handle with care
Do not use the cutter to cut anything other than
detonating cord
When cutting of detonating cord becomes difficult, the
blade is blunt and the cutter should be replaced
MINING METHOD
Underground
Narrow Reef; Massive; Open cast; Open Pit; Quarrying;
Construction
Application
All detonating cord applications
STORAGE AND EXPIRY

STORAGE
CONDITIONS
Product is non-explosive
and can be stored in any
storage location
PRODUCT SHELF
LIFE
Infinite keep dry to

prevent rusting of blade
Ergonomic design
Easy to use
Detonating Cord can be cut easily and with minimum
input effort
STORAGE AND EXPIRY

Loose units
93
ACCESSORIES
INITIATING SYSTEMS
94
AEL Detonating Cord Powercord 8
AEL Primers
Shock Tube Splitter
Shock Tube Uni-Delay SP
Shock Tube Trunkline
Shock Tube Cluster
Shock Tube Lead-In
AEL Shock Tube
DONOR
AEL Detonating Cord
Shock Tube Extender
Shock Tube Lead-In
Shock Tube Cluster
Shock Tube Trunkline
Shock Tube Uni-Delay SP
Shock Tube Splitter
ACCESSORIES
AEL Shock Tube
Shock Tube Extender

AEL Electronic Detonators
Electronic Delay Detonators QuickShot
Electronic Delay Detonators Smartdet
Electronic Delay Detonators SmartShot
Electronic Delay Detonators DigiShot
Electronic Delay Detonators DigiShot Plus
Electronic Delay Detonators HotShot
Electric Initiators Statsafe Detonators
AEL Electric Initiators
Electric Initiators Fusehead Assembly

Capped Fuse Systems - Shock Tube Starter
AEL Electronic Initiators
AEL Electronic Initiators NetStart
AEL Electronic Initiators NetShock
AEL Detonating Cord
AEL Primers
Tape Plastic connector provided

x Use joiner only to extend ST
Recommended
x Compatible
Inhole det only

95
Accessories
Mantis
Is a specifically designed device to which AEL detonators

are clipped. After clipping the detonator into the device
it is inserted into the end of the lance/blowpipe for
emulsions and ANFO respectively. The lance/hose
is gently pushed to the bottom of the blasthole, where
the detonator is now centralised at the toe. The hole is
then filled with emulsion/ANFO in the normal fashion.
Appearance
A plastic device for mounting a detonator.
Benefits & Features

Benefits
Ease of use
Centralises a detonator in the blast hole
Ensures retention of the detonator at the toe of the
blast hole
Prevents the detonator from jamming in the hole
Easily removable if hole misfires
Replaces an explosive cartridge as a primer
96
Features
Detonator mounted to ensure full coupling
with the explosive
Soft plastic body for ease of use
Clip to securely fasten the detonator
Symmetrical, preventing error in installation
Application
For use in blast holes up to 45mm in diameter in stoping
and development in conjunction with emulsion or ANFO.
The device can be used in inclined holes up to 20 degrees.
Packaging
Description: Plastic bags
Units per case: 200units per bag. Five(5) bags per 1000
unit outer bag
Storage and Expiry

Storage conditions: Product can be stored in any location
Product shelf life: Infinite
ACCESSORIES
Hot Hole Monitor
The Hot Hole Monitor is a device which monitors

temperature changes in hot holes and reduces
the risk posed by premature detonation in
surface coal mining where hot hole conditions
may befound.
MINING METHOD
Appearance
Surface
A red plastic device containing various lengths

of wire with thermocouple on the end of the wire.
Opencast
Benefits
Monitors blast hole temperatures to warn operators
of temperature changes in the blast hole
Application
Coal mining where hot holes are found
Alerts operators of increasing temperatures and the

risk of premature detonation of a charged blast hole
Ensure plastic strip is intact and secured before

use to ensure that the battery is charged.
Early warning safety device to improve on-bench

safety in hot holes
Single use only as the battery life cannot be

guaranteed after the first use
BENEFITS & FEATURES
PACKAGING
Features
Description Case
Sounds an intermittent alarm at 60C indicating

the presence of hot hole
Units per case 30 units per case
Sounds an continuous alarm at 80C indicating

that operators should evacuate the blasting area
Easy to use wire deployment system
STORAGE AND EXPIRY

Storage Conditions Product is non-explosive and can be
stored in any storage location
Product Shelf Life Dependant of battery life and storage
temperature (12-18 months)
97
ACCESSORIES
Notes
98
INDUSTRIAL
PRODUCTS
AELs industrial product range is supplied
into South African, African and selected
international markets. With direct access to
AEL's large team of leading engineers and
scientists, the industrial products division
is in a position to offer a broader range of
highly versatile industrial solutions, which
perform well against strict quality parameters.
Innovations such as curing before bagging,
allow for the structural integrity of the porous
prill which ensures its superior performance
from the point of production to where the
product is used down the hole.
Our products includes solid and liquid Ammonium

Nitrate (AN), nitric acid, 25% ammonia solution as
well as anhydrous ammonia, all of which are
conveniently sourced from AEL's industrial hub
in Gauteng. Our industrial products are known for
their consistency when it comes to exceeding quality
standards and carry the technical support of a team
of highly skilled employees.
The reliable supply of high quality industrial products
forms an integral part to any mining or chemical
process operation. AEL has positioned itself as the
leading supplier in this space by having a proven
track record of security of supply due to various
dual redundancy initiatives.
The industrial product range compliments AELs value
proposition of unearthing wealth for our customers
through meticulous care.
Our dedicated cross-functional team supporting AEL's
industrial products range has vast experience and
is prepared for virtually any eventuality. In doing so,
we endeavour to effectively address our customers
requirements in the industrial solutions arena.
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
Industrial Products
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS

Ammonium
Nitrate
Emulsion
Grade (ANE)
Ammonium
Nitrate 88%
Solution (ANS)
Nitric Acid
60%
Aqueous
Ammonia 25%
Ammonia
100-I,
Ammonia
100-R
Appearance
Coarse,
porous,
hardened
spherical
particles
Glossy-white
spherical
particles
ANS is a
clear liquid,
free from
suspended
matter
and visible
impurities.
Clear
colourless to
pale yellow
Colourless
liquid, pungent
odour
Clear,
colourless
liquid
Concentration
Not less than

99.5% (m/m)
as ammonium
nitrate (when
packed)
Not less than

94.2% (m/m)
as ammonium
nitrate (when
packed)
To lie within
the range
87.5% to
89.5% (m/m)
as NH4NO3
Nitric acid
59 to 61%,
balance water
Not less than

25% ammonia
content
Ammonia ca.
100%
Nitrogen
Content (%N)
35%
35%
30%
N.A
20%
N.A
Oil absorption
Not less than

6.0% (m/m)
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
Bulk Density
To lie within
the range 0.69
to 0.77g/cm
To lie within
the range 0.80
to 0.97 g/cm
At 120C:
~1.36g/cm
At 20C:
1.367g/cm
Not more than

0.88g/cm
0.61g/cm
at 20C
Moisture
Less than 0.2%
less than 2%
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
less than
0.05%
Tested for pH
50% solution
at 60C, pH to
N.A.
lie within the
range 3.3 to 3.9
N.A.
N.A.
Technical
properties
Ammonium
Nitrate Anfo
Grade (ANA)
Reaction
100
Tested for pH
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
STORAGE & EXPIRY
Product
Ammonium
Nitrate Anfo
Grade (ANA)
Ammonium
Nitrate
Emulsion
Grade (ANE)
Ammonium
Nitrate 88%
Solution (ANS)
Nitric Acid
60%
Aqueous
Ammonia 25%
Ammonia
100-I,
Ammonia
100-R
The pH
must remain
above 2.
Storage
Must be stored
in a cool, dry
and unconfined
space avoid
contamination
and direct
sunlight
Must be stored
in a cool, dry
and unconfined
space avoid
contamination
and direct
sunlight
Cooling to
below 110C
must be
avoided, else
the product
starts to
crystallise.
60% Nitric
acid - stainless
steel tanks
Heating
the product
above 170C
could lead to
detonation.
Shelf life
Bulk product
can be stored
in silos for
up to a week
but should
ideally be
used as soon
as possible.
Six months
for bagged
product
Recommended
that ANS be
used as soon
as possible.
Five years
Storage tanks
must be
earthed
Stored in high
pressure tank
or at low temp
to remain in
liquid form
Tanks to be in
well-ventilated
Storage
area, no direct
tanks must
sunlight & heat
be earthed
Six months
N.A.
Six months
for bagged
product
101
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
Ammonium Nitrate
ANFO GRADE (ANA)
This is essentially ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)

presented in the form of coarse, porous,
hardened spherical particles, obtained
by spraying ammonium nitrate solution.
The material is treated with internal
additives for hardening and an external
anti-caking agent.
The material is presented in the form of free-flowing,
white to cream-coloured, spherical particles. The product
is free from grit, visible impurities and foreign matter.
Application
Bulk Anfo explosives
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
Benefits
ANA is moderately toxic and may decompose at

high temperatures and may explode under certain
conditions. Avoid confinement. Under extreme
conditions an explosion may occur.
Reduced caking and improved flowability

minimises waste
PACKAGING
BENEFITS & FEATURES
High level of oil absorption improves borehole

loading speeds and blasting
Storage and handling benefits of prill (longer
shelf life, ease of handling)
Consistent product quality improves handling
and bore-hole loading rates
Reduced dust and fines during handling,
minimises health and environmental concerns
Bags (Packed in robust

woven polypropylene
bags with inner
polyethylene liners
to minimise moisture
ingress. All bags have
UN certification and
conform to international
requirements)
The tight product density and particle size

variation maximises in-process controls
Features
Topan prilling process
25kg
50kg
1,000kg (containerised
for exports)
1,200kg
Bulk tanker
Bulk
Rapid Reloading System

(RRS)
Rail
Prill curing
Superior hard and strong prill with reduced
friability and moisture content
High porosity
Class 5.1 UN No 1942 OXIDISING AGENT
Various packaging sizes

102
Industrial Products
Ammonium Nitrate
Emulsion Grade (ANE)
ANE comprises dense ammonium nitrate

particles obtained by spraying the ammonium
nitrate solution which contains a small
quantity of magnesium nitrate. Once dissolved,
the solution can be used to manufacture base
emulsion or used for other chemical processes.
The material is presented in the form of glossy white
spherical particles and does not contain any visible
impurities or foreign matter.
Benefits & Features

Benefits
Reduced caking and improved flowability
The material remains reasonably free flowing
after transportation and storage
No flocculation required after melting, prior
to emulsion manufacture
Features
Superior hard prill with reduced friability
and moisture characteristics
Application
Manufacture of base emulsion and use in chemical
processes
Special Precautions
ANE is moderately toxic and may decompose at
high temperatures. Avoid confinement. Under
extreme conditions an explosion may occur.
Packaging
Packed in robust woven polypropylene bags with
inner polyethylene liners to minimise moisture
ingress. All bags have UN certification and conform to
international requirements. Bags: 1,050kg (containerised
for exports); 1,200kg

Class 5.1 UN No 2067 OXIDISING AGENT
High packing density
103
Industrial Products
Ammonium Nitrate Solution (ANS)
This is a hot concentrated 88% solution of

ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) used in the
manufacture of base emulsion or can be
used in other chemical processes (diluted or
otherwise).
A concentrated 88% solution of ammonium nitrate
(NH4NO3).
Benefits & Features

Benefits
Consistent concentration and purity provides
consistent process control and end product quality
Convenient temperature range for transportation
over long distances
Features
Strict process control resulting in superior pH and
purity control
Special Precautions
ANS may become explosive when the concentration
increases due to water evaporation under elevated
temperature conditions. It is critically important to
use equipment which meets engineering requirements.
Such compliance minimises explosion risk since
the transfer of Ammonium Nitrate Solution (ANS)
by mechanical means is hazardous and can lead
to an explosion if not properly done.
Furthermore, it is important to keep the material
in solution at a pH of greater than 2 since a low pH
can lead to fume-off of NOX gasses, which may lead
to an explosion.
Packaging
Bulk Tanker approximately 30 tons

Class 5.1 UN No 2426 Elevated temperature
OXIDISING AGENT
Application
Manufacture of base emulsion
Fertiliser raw material
Other chemical processes
104
Industrial Products
Nitric Acid
This is a 60% solution of nitric acid (HNO3) in the

form of a clear colourless to pale yellow,
fuming, corrosive liquid with a pungent
odour. It is used mainly in the production
of ANS and in chemical processes.
Application
Full protective clothing and a face shield

should be worn when handling Nitric Acid
The material is a clear, colourless to pale yellow,

fuming liquid, free from visible impurities and
sediments. A chemically pure form is also available.
Benefits & Features

Benefits
Consistent product quality
A chemically pure nitric acid is available for some
chemical processes
Features
Clarity of solution with low impurities
Manufacture of ammonium nitrate products

and other industrial chemicals
Special Precautions
It is highly corrosive and attacks most metals

vigorously
It is also a powerful oxidising agent that can
react violently with organic substances.
Packaging
Bulk road tankers

Class 8, UN No 2031 (60%);
Corrosive Material OXIDISING AGENT
Demineralised water used in the production process
105
Industrial Products
Aqueous Ammonia
This is an aqueous solution of ammonia

(ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH) in the form of a
clear, colourless to slightly yellowish liquid with
a pungent, suffocating odour.
Concentration of solution not less than 25% and
with a density of not more than 0.907 g/cm3
Meets SANS 52122:2007 requirements
Liquid fertiliser
Manufacture of industrial and fine chemicals
Metal recovery processes
Benefits & Features
Neutralising agent for acids
Benefits
Water purification
Manufacturing facility conveniently situated

in the industrial hub of Gauteng, South Africa.
Special Precautions
Avoid ingestion, inhalation, contact with the skin

and eyes
Complies with the requirements of FEMA GRAS

(Flavour and Extract Manufacturers Association,
Generally Recognised as Safe list).
Wear full protective clothing when handling

the material and ensure adequate ventilation
Complies with SANS 51122:2007
Avoid sources of ignition and heat
Features
Care must be exercised when opening the valves
Demineralised water used in the production process
Packaging

Easy to handle and store
Safety Handling
Avoid contact with skin/eyes
Do not inhale vapour
Avoid ingestion
106
Application
Bulk Road Tankers

Hazchem Code: 2P, UN No. 2672, Packing Group 111,
IMDG Class 8,
Shipping name AMMONIA SOLUTION (10 35 %
ammonia)
Industrial Products
Ammonia 100-I, Ammonia 100-R
Anhydrous ammonia (NH3) is a colourless

gas or when stored under pressure, is a
clear water-white liquid. Both forms have
a sharp suffocating or intensely irritating
odour. Ammonia 100-I is industrial grade
and Ammonia 100-R is refrigerant grade.
Purity: c.a. 100 percent
Boiling Point at atmospheric pressure: -33.5C
Density: 0.61g/cm3 at 20C
The refrigerant grade contaminants: water less
than 0.05% m/m and oil less than 0.001% (m/m).
Application
Ammonia 100-I
Manufacture of Nitric Acid
Manufacture of ANS
Manufacture of other chemicals
Ammonia 100-R
Benefits & Features
Refrigeration liquid
Benefits
Special Precautions
Manufacturing facility conveniently situated

in the industrial hub of Gauteng, South Africa
Engineering standards must be met for storage

and handling to ensure that ammonia is not
released into the atmosphere
Features
The boiling point at atmospheric pressure is

-33.34C, at which the product evaporates
take care during handling!
Commodity product
Avoid sources of ignition and heat
Infinitesimal water content
Care must be exercised when opening the valves
Unique logistics solution
Safety Handling
Do not confine without adequate vapour space

or pressure relief valve with discharge piped to
a safe place
Avoid contact with skin/eyes
Packaging
Do not inhale vapour
Sold in bulk tankers or ISO Containers
Avoid ingestion
Reduced corrosiveness
Hazchem Code: 2PE, UN No. 1005 - IMDG Class: 2(2.3),

Shipping Name: AMMONIA, ANHYDROUS, LIQUEFIED
107
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
Notes
108
SERVICES
Services
Mining Optimisation
AEL's Mining Optimisation is a division of highly

skilled engineers who assist mines to ensure
that blasting is conducted efficiently and cost
effectively. Mining Optimisation delivers data,
expertise, systems, software and support in a
way that will help customers meet and exceed
their production targets.
The team constantly researches latest technologies and

links these with continuous education around how best to
design blasting solutions for optimal results.
AEL is acutely aware that the sustainability of any mining

operation is reliant on its social and environmental
responsibility. The Mining Optimisation team therefore
takes utmost care in designing blasting solutions that are
not detrimental to people or the environment.
Blasting Science
The blast monitoring and blast enhancement offerings

provide customers with information and alternate design
approaches needed for productive operations and good
neighbourly conduct in communities.
AEL Mining Optimisation has adopted a four-pronged

approach to satisfy customer needs:
Blast Optimisation
Software Development
Expert Technical & Blasting Science Training
Blast Optimisation specifically focuses on our customers
requirements and the impact blasting would have on
the environment. Safety, as always, is our primary
objective! In order to optimise blasting, AEL has a
number of tools and methodologies specifically designed
to make scientific and informed decisions around blast
performance assessment.
Data collection and benchmarking
Rock characterisation
Blast and timing design
Blast hole assessment
Vibration and airblast monitoring
Velocity of detonation measurement
A wide range of tools are used to quantify, predict and
improve the mine processes. AEL have been part of the
development of specific tools and methods to measure
the blast result and remain at the forefront of developing
proactive tools for the future mining operations.
110
Services
Blasting Science and Software

Development
Blasting Science and Software Development look at the

mining operation holistically to ensure that the benefits
are derived from improved efficiency in equipment, plant
and beneficiation. AEL will conduct various checks to
ensure that blasted rock suits and complements the
design of equipment and plant:
Face velocity measurement
3D blast face survey
High speed videography
Rock mass motion study
Muck profile study
Fragmentation analysis
Blast modelling
Efficiency measurement and monitoring
This is supported by AELs sophisticated blasting
software:
Winprof AEL
Survey and Blast layout software
AEL Tie_Up
Blast timing design for electronic and pyrotechnic
initiating systems, analysis of the timing sequence,
direction of movement, scatter, control of ground
vibration and single hole firing
AEL Tunnel
Software to assist with the design and optimisation
of tunnel layouts in mining and civil applications
AEL Ring
Software to assist with the design, basic timing and
optimisation of stope ring layouts in mining and civil
applications
Hybrid Stress Blasting Model (HSBM)
HSBM is a high level blast modeling research tool
AEL Designer (SABREX)
Predictive blast modelling, fragmentation (Kuz-Ram),
Blast damage, Muckpile profile (Throw) software
AELs Active Loading system
Enables real time information pertaining to blasting
parameters, i.e.: condition of blast hole, types of
explosives loaded, quantity of explosives loaded, etc.
This information is stored in a database for future
analysis, comparison and fine tuning of blast inputs
and results.
111
Services
Expert Technical and

Blasting Science Training
The Mining Optimisation team consists of a large number
of site and regional based technical professionals
supported by a central pool of specialists.
AEL continuously develops training and best
practice material for the various blasting applications
encountered at the various customer sites that AEL
services. In addition to the extensive internal training
offered, AELs blasting professionals undergo expert
training on equipment, blasting techniques and technical
issues which are also provided to Customers.
The AEL best practice material revolves around a
continuous improvement process. Examples of such
training courses for blasters and supervisors offered by
the Mining Optimisation team include:
The Blasting Competency Program - offered for
surface as well as underground operations.
The Explosives Handler, Blast Assistant and Rock
Breaking courses - which enable the qualification of
personnel through the appropriate industry bodies
and regulators.
The What every blaster should know
Surface and Underground Handbooks and apps
Technical bulletins, for example; "Mitigating the risk
of flyrock"
112
SERVICES
Explosives Engineers Course
The Explosives Engineers course is a graduate level

course to train technical blasting and field staff. It focuses
on advanced blasting applications and productivity
improvement and equips AEL staff with
the relevant knowledge to provide customers with
value add recommendations.
AEL actively participates in Local and International
professional organisations, conferences and workshops
to share learning, measure and develop the best
practices. In 2014 AEL presented; three papers at the
International Society of Explosive Engineers, (ISSEE), two
papers at the Institute of Quarrying South Africa, (IOQSA)
and Coaltech.
BLAST DESIGN: PRINCIPLES:
113
SERVICES
AEL APPS:
HOW TO DOWNLOAD THE SURFACE BLASTER APPLICATION
1. Go to the store of your choice
2. Search for "AEL Surface blaster handbook"

3. Install from store
4. Complete the registration form with your corporate email and details
5. Wait for registration message
6. Enjoy the application
114
Services
Product Services
In applying meticulous care to the deployment

of its range of products, AEL offers a range of
on-site services to ensure that customers
achieve optimum blast performance by
selecting from one of the options below,
namely:
Down the Hole Services

AEL assists mine staff on-site in measuring
conformance to plans and standards with the
necessary quality checks during the preparation
of the blast. Application-specific explosives produced
at the customer's operation is extremely cost efficient,
as it allows for total flexibility, as well as last minute
changes on the bench to suit the different mine's
blasting requirements.
Prime, Load, Tie and/or Shoot

(PLT or PLTS)
Taking the above one step further AEL offers its
customers the Prime, Load, Tie and/or Shoot (PLTS)
service, which addresses the requirements of customers
that face resource and construction constraints and
therefore require a solution to these problems without
the need to hire more or up-skill existing members
of staff.
Opting for either the Fixed or Per Blasted Unit service,
customers have access to AEL expertise on site for the
duration of individual blasts.
Rock on Ground (underground

and surface)
For customers who wish to hand over the reins of
particularly taxing blasting environments, AEL offers
its Rock on Ground service, which sees a shift in
responsibility (in both drilling and secondary break
scenarios) and costs to the AEL team. Customers can
feel assured that they will receive a comprehensively
planned and designed solution when they opt for the
full blasting service.
In return for a cost per unit (using measurements
of choice - cubes, metres, etc.) price, customers
deploying AEL's Rock on Ground solution are assured of:
Effective blast preparation;
Thorough charging and timing of operations;
Stock control and security of supply (including
ordering, control, storage and stock management);
Labour supply (only accredited and skill staffers)
to manage charging and timing of operations;
Zero tolerance where safety is concerned; and
Dedicated and experienced AEL staff who adapt their
skill sets to suit the environment while enhancing it
with these services.
Deploying AEL's PLTS service empowers customers with

higher levels of convenience as AEL's technical teams
of experts become an integral part of the production,
planning and blasting operations.
Using AEL's full PLTS service means customers
have access to hands on involvement on AEL's part in
managing the stemming of blast holes, timing and firing
of the blasts with full legal accountability in addition to
the services offered in its PLT offering.
115
Services
Research and Development
The R&D Team

AELs Research and Development ensures
that the company remains at the forefront
of technology in its field whilst pursuing
sustainable profitability and growth for our
customers in all markets where we operate.
R&D Services
The R&D department offers a range of analytical
services to the mining and general industry at large,
detailed below;
Housing a dedicated team of scientists and technicians

who all offer vast and varied backgrounds in chemistry,
physics, chemical and mechanical engineering, the R&D
team covers a growing spectrum of scientific approaches
to explosives and initiating systems.
Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
The department exists to explore cutting edge research

while offering field and plant support on all new and
existing developed technologies. The team also ensures
that the group maintains a firm grasp on the anticipated
changes and developments in the world of explosives.
To further its efforts, the team attends many conferences
across all disciplines including the National Institute
of Explosives Technology, the South African Society
of Rheology, the International Society of Explosives
Engineers, the International Pyrotechnics Society, SAFEX
and the European Federation of Explosives Engineers.
Determination of functional groups in organic

materials
General Uses
Identification of all types of organic and many types of
inorganic compounds
Determination of the molecular composition of

surfaces
Quantitative determination of compounds in mixtures
Nondestructive method
Determination of molecular conformation (structural
isomers) and stereochemistry (geometrical isomers)
Determination of molecular orientation (polymers
and solutions)
Common Applications
Identification of compounds by matching spectrum
of unknown compound with reference spectrum
(fingerprinting)
Identification of functional groups in unknown
116
Services
Identification of reaction components and kinetic

studies of reactions
Identification of molecular orientation in polymer films
Detection of molecular impurities or additives present
in amounts of 1% and in some cases as low as 0.01%
Identification of polymers, plastics, and resins
Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC)
These measurements can be used to help determine

the overall kinetics of a decomposition reaction.
The technique can also provide information on the
various steps in the thermal decomposition of an
energetic material.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry

(DSC)
Differential scanning calorimetry is used to measure the
onset temperature and energetics of phase transitions,
to estimate sample purity, to determine heat capacities,
and to measure the enthalpy change (H) and kinetic
parameters of the decomposition process.
Rheology
Rheology is defined as the flow of fluids and deformation
of solids under applied stresses or strains.
This is one of the methods used to investigate the

thermal properties of energetic materials. ARC is mostly
used to evaluate the thermal hazards and accordingly
set the safe limits for process, storage and transport
temperatures. This information is determined by finding
the onset temperature for thermal run-away reactions.
Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA)
The measurement of rheological properties is applicable

to all material types from fluids to semi-solids and
even solid systems such as polymers and composites.
Understanding the rheological properties of materials
can help to develop a better product since these
physical properties often link material formulation and
processing stages with the ultimate end use and product
performance in the hands of customers and consumers.
The rheology of suspensions, colloidal dispersions and
emulsions provide critical information for product and
process performance in many industrial applications and
in order for them to give proper product performance,
or to process efficiently, they must be stable. But these
are often complex formulations of solvents (or fluids),
suspended particles of varying size and shape, and
various additives used to affect stability.
Many factors affect stability, such as: hydrodynamic
forces, Brownian motion, strength of interparticle
interactions, volume fraction, electrostatic forces,
steric repulsion, size and shape of particles, to name
a few. Measuring the rheology of a formulation gives
an indication of the colloidal state and interactions that
are occurring.
Thermogravimetry is a technique in which the mass

of a sample is monitored against time or temperature
while the temperature of the sample, in a specified
atmosphere, is programmed. The thermobalances
used in TG experiments are very sensitive, with
mass resolution as small as 1 g (1.0106 g).
Rheology based measurements can help predict which

formulations might exhibit flocculation, coagulation
or coalescence, resulting in undesired effects such
as settling, creaming, separation, etc.
117
Services
Some common rheology measurements and parameters

include:
Flow behavior of non-Newtonian materials, which
helps indicate degree of dispersion and/or flocculation
as well as shear thinning or thickening which often
helps determine processing behavior.
G (storage modulus) and G (loss modulus) as a
function of frequency which determines viscoelastic
behavior as a function of time (inverse of frequency),
and can help determine the degree of stability
of a formulation under at rest conditions or
during transport.
Creep/recovery tests to determine zero shear viscosity
or the maximum viscosity of the fluid phase that must
be sufficiently high to prevent sedimentation.
Powder rheology
Our team uses the Freeman Technologies FT4 powder
rheometer.
With the FT4 one can determine the following:
Study the flowability of conditioned, consolidated
and aerated powders
Measure bulk density, permeability and
compressibility
Generate high precision shear strength data
Particle size analysis (PSA)

Particle size analysis and measurement is an important
parameter across many industries. The stability,
chemical reactivity, opacity, flowability and material
strength of many materials are affected by the size
and characteristics of the particles within them.
Getting things right at every stage of production,
from R & D through to manufacture and quality
control of the finished product is vital.
Surface area analysis (BET)

BET surface area analysis is a technique used to
determine the specific surface area of powders,
solids and granules, the values are expressed in
meter square per gram.
Clean solid surfaces adsorb surrounding gas molecules
and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller theory (BET) provides
a mathematical model for the process of gas sorption.
This physical adsorption of a gas over the entire exposed
surface of a material and the filling of pores is called
physisorption and is used to measure total surface area
and pore size analysis of nanopores, micropores and
mesopores.
The BET surface area measurement is crucial in
understanding the behaviour of a material, as material
reacts with its surroundings via its surface, a higher
surface area material is more likely to react faster,
dissolve faster and adsorb more gas than a similar
material with a lower surface area.
Quantify the impact of flowability of many variables

such as moisture, segregation and attrition
Optimise formulations
Construct a database of powder characteristics
for all your powders
Predict processabillty
Analyse abnormal process behavior
Establish QC criteria for raw materials, intermediates
and final product
Determine optimum powder characteristics for each
item of plant
118
SERVICES
EXPLOSIVES SERVICES
Minimum burning pressure (MBP)
It is known that, following local ignition in water-based

explosives, there is a minimum pressure required for
combustion to propagate. The latter is usually referred
to as the Minimum Burning Pressure (MBP). The MBP
is a very important and useful safety parameter as, if
an explosives is maintained below its MBP, accidental
ignition and propagation should not be possible.
Koenen test
This test is used to determine the sensitivity of a
candidate ammonium nitrate emulsion or suspension
or gel intermediate for blasting explosives, to the effect
of intense heat under high confinement
Gap test
This test is used to determine the sensitivity of a
candidate ammonium nitrate emulsion or suspension
or gel intermediate for blasting explosives, to a specific
shock level, i.e. to a specific donor charge and gap.
Thermal Stability Test

This test is used to determine how stable a candidate
(ammonium nitrate emulsions, suspensions or gels)
is when subjected to elevated temperatures so as to
assess if the candidate is not too dangerous for transport
119
Services
Reactive ground
3D Printer
Reactive ground may be a condition specific to individual

sites. The reaction of nitrates with sulphide containing
minerals is an auto-catalytic process that can, after
some induction time, lead to a runaway exothermic
decomposition even if the starting temperature of the
mixture is at an ambient temperature. Typical nitrates
used in the mining industry are ammonium nitrate,
calcium nitrate and sodium nitrate.
Design services
Velocity of detonation (VoD)

The velocity of detonation is an important indicator for
overall energy or power of detonation, and in particular
for the brisance or shattering effect of an explosives.
Impact
Impact sensitivity is one of the most important
characteristics of energetic materials defining their
safety in handling. Its determination is a necessary
part of characterization of new explosives, modified
formulations or manufacturing conditions, as well as
defining influences of impurities or ageing.
Friction
Friction of explosives between hard surfaces is one
of the most frequent causes of accidental explosions.
Determination of friction sensitivity is thus a necessary
part of characterization of new explosives, modified
formulations or manufacturing conditions, as well as for
defining influences of impurities or ageing.
Other services
Explosives manufacture
Explosives testing
Spray drying
Surfactant evaluation
Prill analysis
Vertical drop analysis and design
Innovations
Renowned for introducing several new approaches to
explosives within mining, the R&D team is credited with
the development and introduction of many innovations
that add value to mine modernisation techniques
throughout the world. The team uses the experience of
the past to develop innovations of today while at the
same time brainstorming the products and technologies
of the future.
Some of our recent innovations include:
Used & Recycled Oil Explosives Formulation

AEL has been recognised for optimisation of recycled
oils in bulk formulations to reduce carbon footprint
AEL Indonesia Goes Green using Used Oil for Bulk
Emulsion Explosives showcasing our achievements
in international markets
AEL designs and develop site specific New Generation
E-20T Mobile Manufacturing Units
120
SERVICES
Analytical Services
The Central Analytical Services laboratory took over the

responsibility for the analytical services for AEL in January
2014. The laboratory has its roots in R&D but was expanded
significantly in 2013 to enable it to render this service to
AEL. The laboratory is responsible for the testing of all raw
materials, used within the operations, to ensure that they
conform to the raw material specifications.
Building T5
Various in-process samples and all final products are also

analysed to ensure that the quality of the products produced
within AEL are maintained or improved. The laboratory
is furthermore responsible for the analysis of all effluent
samples to ensure that AEL complies with legislative
environmental requirements. Approximately 2000 samples
are analysed on a monthly basis by the laboratory.
121
SERVICES
Analytical Services
Explosive Building RL1
The Central Analytical Services has two licenced

laboratories where work is focussed on the analysis
of explosive materials.
122
SERVICES
To provide you with an idea of the capability of the laboratory the equipment used within the facility is listed below:
SUMMARY OF EQUIPMENT
Equipment
Types of tests
ICP, AA
Metals in solution e.g. Fe, Al, Pb etc.
GC, GC-MS
Organic material
Discreet analyser
Anions and Cations e.g. NH4, SO4, Cl etc.
BET
Specific surface area
TOC,TON
Total organic content
Auto titrator
pH and potentiometric titrations
Karl Fischer
Moisture determination
FTIR
Infra-Red spectroscopy
SEM
Scanning electron Microscope
Rheometer
Rheology of oils, slurries and emulsions
Malvern Mastersizer
Particle size distribution
DCS
Differential Scanning Calorimeter
TGA
Thermo gravimetric analysis
123
SERVICES
Instrument laboratory at T5
SEM located in RL1
124
Additional analytical equipment in RL1
Services
A summary of the staff complement together with their qualifications is provided in the table below:
Personnel at the Central Analytical Services

Name
Qualification
Samir Mukhopadhyay
PhD
Hester Sophia Bezuidenhout
BSc(Hon)
Ndivhuho Victor Khumela
BSc
Tlawe Piet Molapo
BSc
Kgothatso Ntsaoana
BSc
Gerda Berga
BCom(Hon)
Melesha Gopi Mangaroo
BTech
Tshelang Sylvia Maloka
BBA
Gernot Wurm
MSc
Mmamadingwane Annah Phiri
HND
Vusi Regardino Ricardo Nkuna
HND
Timothy Nell
Trade
Thomas Frederick Du Plessis
Trade
Bengerdt Bothma
Trade
125
SERVICES
Notes
126
EQUIPMENT
SERVICES
AEL Equipment Services is an international-level
supplier of original equipment and aftermarket
parts with services tailored to the needs of the blasting
professional in both underground and surface mining.
Due to its long standing relationships with component
manufacturers across the globe, AEL Equipment
Services holds impressive buying power and can
offer its customers the best possible lead times
on equipment and the best pricing available.
The division understands that their customers work
in environments that leave no room for error and that
they cannot afford to speculate on the consistency
and safety of their equipment. It is for these reasons
that each machine component is exhaustively tested
with all possible risk factors in mind before and after
the equipment is actually assembled.
Proper functioning of equipment is mission critical
for successful operation on customer sites and is
significantly important to the safety of the mine staff
and the surrounding public. AEL Equipment Services
offers extensive equipment evaluations and the
division's strict testing criteria not only determines
observance of applicable standards, but offers greater
assurance in the reliability of the equipment provided.
The equipment supplied by AEL Equipment Services is
designed to specification and can be customised for use
on any utility vehicle provided by the customer. It further
operates in the robust environments typically associated
with mining. Once the machines are assembled, they are
commissioned and calibrated by a team of professionals

with a keen eye for detail. Only once each and every
member of the team has signed off on the machine
will it be licensed to manufacture explosives and be
delivered to the site.
Safety and effectiveness are KEY within the AEL
Equipment Services division.
The Equipment Services Division offers a range of
state-of-the-art Mobile Manufacturing Units (MMUs),
underground mobile charging units (MCUs), portable
charging units (PCUs) and a full range of ancillary
equipment for use in charging.
AEL Specialises in the manufacture and deployment of
self-sufficient modular emulsion manufacturing plants.
The Equipment Services Division has the capacity to
erect and commission a complete emulsion plant at
any green fields site globally.
With local and international level access, the team is
renowned for:
Technical support
Training
Overall after-sales service
Turnaround time on support or service related queries
has been vastly shortened and the division is confident
that it can offer its customers the peace of mind
in knowing that their equipment will be reliably
supported in the field.
EQUIPMENT SERVICES
of Equipment Services
MOBILE
MANUFACTURING
UNITS (MMUS)
MOBILE CHARGING
UNITS (MCUS)
PORTABLE CHARGING EMULSION PLANT

10T, 20T AND 60T
UNITS (PCUS)
Fully automatic
Hydraulic system
Custom build to fit any

prime mover
Pneumatic and
hydropower drivers
Independent pump
safety control system
Hydraulic system
supplied from utility
vehicle ranged from
20100 litres per
minute at 160 bar
Pertinent safety devices
Maximum pumping
rate of 500kg/min
Maximum augering rate
of 750kg/min on blend
and ANFO products
Siemens PLC Control
User-friendly touchscreen operator
interface in cab
Independent pump
Pumping rates for the
different MCUs range
between 30 and 80kg
per minute
Modular design
Pumping rate of between
15 and 30kg per minute
Robust
Easily maintainable
in-situ
User-friendly control
panel - operator
interface
Fully automated
hydraulic or variable
speed drives
Independent pump
Production rate of
between 180kg/min
and 350 Kg/min
In plant electrical
control panel
User friendly touchscreen operator
interface
Siemens PLC Control
Proven reliability
Fully automated hose

handling system (MCU
Jumbo) for up-hole
charging
PLC controlled system
operating from 12 or
24 volt DC
128
Application
Application
Application
Application
Surface mining operations

with a requirement for all
bulk explosives products
Underground mining
operations with a
requirement for all bulk
explosives products in
any application in any
environment
Underground narrow reef

mining, development and
civil blasting operations
with a requirement for all
bulk explosives products.
Opencast and Underground

mining operations with
a requirement for bulk
explosives products.
EQUIPMENT SERVICES
Mobile Manufacturing Units (MMU)
AEL provides a range of Mobile Manufacturing

Units (MMUs), which cater for all surface mining
applications. MMUs are capable of pumping
and auguring the full range of AEL's bulk
explosives. All MMUs are designed to operate
in the demanding environments encountered
during normal mining operations. Design
parameters include all necessary safety
control systems, as well as ease of operation,
maintenance and reliability.
Emergency stops situated at easy to access locations

Hydraulically operated positive locking handrails
provide safe operation when access to top of truck
is required
AEL's MMUs comply with ADR requirements and meet

all transportation of hazardous goods legislation.
BENEFITS & FEATURES

Benefits
Proven on-bench reliability
Integrated control systems, which guarantee constant
delivery of requested product quality and quantity
A range of products can be applied on one bench
depending on conditions
Varying pumping and auguring rates to suit bench
hole diameters and conditions
Minimal on-bench product spills during start-up/
shut-down operations
Features
MMU RANGE
E Series
A blend MMU capable

of pumping or auguring
the full range of AEL's
bulk explosives products
R Series
A repump MMU capable

of pumping bulk emulsion
products
H Series
A heavy ANFO MMU

capable of auguring
ANFO and the full range
of AEL's blended
explosives products
A Series
An MMU capable
of auguring ANFO
Pump protection-guarding against dead-heading

and dry-running scenarios
Strainers on the bin to prevent ingress of foreign
objects
Closed loop hydraulic control system guarantees
product quality
In-cab touch-screen user interface
Suitable chassis with all standard safety devices
selected for rugged on-bench conditions
Safety Features
Independent electronic pump protection system
monitoring and controlling operating pressures
and temperatures on critical pumps
Mechanical pump protection devices installed
on all critical pumps
129
130
MMU TYPE
EMULSION BIN CAPACITY (T)
PRILL BIN CAPACITY (T)
PRODUCT PUMPING RAT
A E (KG/MIN)
AT
PRODUCT AUGERING RAT
A E (KG/MIN)
AT
PRODUCT AUGERING ANFO
PRILL BLEND PERCENTAGE
T
TAGE
BY PUMP
(0% TO 35%)
PRILL BLEND PERCENTAGE
T
TAGE
BY AUGER
(20% TO 70%)
PUMP HOSE LENGTH & DIAMETER
(40M X 32MM)
PUMP HOSE LENGTH & DIAMETER
(50M X 50MM)
SAFETY DEVICES (HIGH / LOW PRESSURE)
SAFETY DEVICES (HIGH / LOW TEMPERATU
PERA RE)
PERATU
SAFETY DEVICES (HIGH PRESSURE
BURSTING DISC)
NO OF EMERGENCY STOP LOCAT
A IONS
AT
EQUIPMENT SERVICES
E 20T
13
7
250 /
500
750
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
3
E 15T
10
250 /
500
750
R 6T
180 /
250
R 10T
10
180 /
250
H 20T
13
A 15T
250 /
500 /
750
15
250 /
500 /
750
Equipment Services
Rapid Re-loading System
To enhance the AEL offering, use is made of a

rapid re-loading system whereby tankers of
prill and emulsion are parked at strategically
sited re-loading bays between the storage silos
and the bench. MMUs requiring refilling make
use of either the prill tanker, the emulsion
tanker or both to refill and hence reduce the
turnaround time of the MMU returning to the
bench for further charging.
131
Equipment Services
Mobile Charging Units (MCU)
AEL provides a range of Mobile Charging Units

(MCUs), which cater for all underground mining
applications. MCUs are capable of pumping the
full range of AEL's bulk explosives products.
All MCUs are designed to operate in the

demanding environments encountered
during normal mining operations.
Benefits & Features
Features
Benefits
Pump protection-guarding against dead-heading

and dry-running scenarios
Proven reliability in all charging applications

Integrated control systems, which guarantee constant
delivery of requested product quality and quantity
A range of products can be applied depending
on conditions
Product pumping rates reduce face/panel charging
times
Minimal product spills during start-up/shut-down
operations
132
Design parameters include all necessary safety

control systems, as well as ease of operation,
maintenance and reliability. Units are of a modular
design and are able to be mounted on all utility
vehicles supplied or preferred by the customer.
Strainers on the bin to prevent ingress of foreign

objects
Remote control by pendant
Unit capable of pumping at elevated heights.
Charging units can be mounted on all utility vehicles.
Charging large diameter up-holes
Optional: 1. Variable density, 2. Auto flushing,
3. Electronic data capture
EQUIPMENT SERVICES
MCU RANGE
MCU TYPE
EMULSION TANK MASS
DRIVER
APPLICATION
Development
Landcruiser
0.9t
Hydraulic
Hydraulic
MCU
0.75t, 1.5t, 2t, 2.5t & 3t

Electric-hydraulic
Hydraulic
MCU Jumbo
2t, 3t & 4t
Electric Power Pack
Can be used for short

up-holes if piston pump
replaced with PC pump
Development and
up-holes (up-hole
charging is a manual
operation)
Automated up-hole charging
unit. Can also be used for
development.
MCU Shaft Sinking
1.5t
Pneumatic-hydraulic
Shaft-sinking
with 1 or 2 hoses
*MCU Hang-up rig
0.3t
Hydraulic
Blasting blockages
in draw points
* Only available with Aard equipment
OPTIONAL EXTRAS INCLUDE:
SAFETY FEATURES
Dual density for perimeter blasting
Independent electronic pump protection system

monitoring and controlling operating pressures
on critical pumps
Electronic data capture

Auto flushing
NB
The optional extras are not applicable
to all units in the range
Mechanical pump protection devices installed

on all critical pumps
Emergency stops situated at critical locations
Up-hole charging from a safe distance via remote
control pendant (MCU Jumbo)
Units have a meltable sight-glass on emulsion tank,
which ruptures when exposed to excessive heat
133
EQUIPMENT SERVICES
Portable Charging Units (PCU)
AEL provides the portable charging units

(PCUs) for charging in narrow reef mining
environments as well as development and shaft
sinking for small shaft applications. The pumps
have been specifically designed to pump the
UG100 and UG200 non-sticky range of AEL's
bulk explosives products in conjunction with
a sensitiser in stoping and development
blast holes.
The PCUs are robust and reliable and designed to
operate in the demanding environments usually
encountered in underground mining operations.
Three different pumps are available for standard
and low compressed air pressure as well as hydropower.
BENEFITS & FEATURES

Benefits
Robust and reliable
Allows the application of emulsion explosives
in a narrow reef development and shaft sinking
environment
Suitable for application of emulsion explosives
in short, small diameter holes of any inclination
(Eliminating the necessity to use packaged explosives)
No longer a requirement for a primer in short
blast-holes (<2m in lenght)
Product in hose is non-detonable
Flexible hose / lance for use in confined spaces
(optional)
Features
Hydropower and pneumatic driven pumps
Removable cover for ease of maintenance
Fixed ratio of emulsion to sensitiser creating
constant delivery of requested quality/quantity
Flexible hose/lance for use in confined spaces
(5, 10 & 15m lengths depending on pump selection)
Fixed delivery mass
Easy to use and maintain. Equipment maintained
in-situ.
134
EQUIPMENT SERVICES
Application
Used for charging bulk emulsion in underground narrow
reef and shaft sinking environments. The focus area
for the PCUs is narrow reef stoping. However, the
pumps can also be used in standard development up to
four metres in height and width. The pumps are generally
used in conjunction with bagged emulsion, however, the
source of the emulsion can be bulk or bagged.
The shaft sinking unit consists of multiple portable
pumps mounted under a 2 ton emulsion tank. The unit is
lowered below the kibble and is placed at shaft
bottom during charging.
SAFETY FEATURES
Bursting disc
Pump will stall under high pressure conditions
Components contained within sealed lid
Bagged emulsion product used in conjunction with the Portable

Charging Unit (PCU)
DESCRIPTION
DETAILS
Dry weight
~43kg
Emulsion tank capacity
19kg
Sensitiser tank capacity
2kg
Flow rate (5m hose)
27kg/min
Final density
1.05g/cc
Compressed
air requirement
(where applicable)
Standard 4 Bar
Low pressure 2.5 Bar
Hydropower requirement
(where applicable)
18MPa
135
Equipment Services
Vertical Drop System
A Vertical Drop emulsion reticulation system

has been developed by AEL to enable emulsion
and sensitiser to be delivered through piping to
underground storage facilities adjacent to the
workings.
AEL have recently partnered with ELB Engineering
Services to provide a full turnkey solution for a vertical
drop installation for its customers.
Benefits & Features

Benefits
An underground bulk emulsion delivery system offers.
Significant safety enhancement by reducing logistic
flow in main arteries to the mine.
Seamless inventory control.
High level of security and control of products used
to manufacture explosives.
Reduced interface with explosives which is
manufactured at the working face during charging.
Reduced risk of explosives theft due to the streamlined
delivery channel.
Significant increase in the lifecycle of assets used
for charging.
Significant saving in maintenance, fuel and asset
wear on assets used for charging.
Reduction in time and labour resources.
Reduced infrastructure requirement on surface.
Bulk emulsion deliveries at any time.
Features
Surface delivery point for the transfer of bulk
emulsion and sensitiser
Reticulation piping of suitable diameter to ensure
adequate flow-rate at the outlet
Underground storage tanks
Control of emulsion mass at delivery and point of use
136
EQUIPMENT SERVICES
Notes
137
EQUIPMENT SERVICES
Notes
138

AEL Product Catalogue 2015

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AEL Product Catalogue 2015

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Contents

65 Electronic Delay Detonators

 urface Bulk Emulsions

21 Underground Bulk Emulsions

 agnum Watergel and Drygels

Instantaneous Electric Detonator (IED)

 on-Electric Assemblies Shock Tube

Product Catalogue 2015

127 Equipment Services

We are proud to present our latest product

AEL Mining Services Limited

AEL Mining Services is a proud member of the

AEL produces and supplies ammonium nitrate and

Glossary of Abbreviations and Units

Net Explosives Quantity

Ardeer Double Cartridge (test)

ammonium nitrate fuel-oil

relative bulk effective energy

Relative Bulk Strength

relative effective energy

Relative Weight Strength

gram per cubic centimetre

seconds per metre

grams per metre

short period delay

instantaneous electric detonator

kilogram per metre

the AEL international detonating code

greater than or equal to

long period delay

millijoule per ohm

less than or equal to

metres per second

AEL Mining Services Limited

AEL Contact Details

Africa and International

+27 21 842 3901

+6221 7592 4498

+27 43 745 2169

+617 3221 0168

Gauteng Quarry Services

+27 11 606 3523

+267 393 8133

Johannesburg (Head Office)

+27 11 606 0000

+27 53 802 6352

+243 997 027 878

+27 18 477 1062

+20 22461 8609

+27 53 712 3035/2958

+27 82 553 9080

+27 31 266 4303

+233 302 762 633

+27 14 558 2800

+6221 7592 4498

+27 15 491 1373

+230 269 1650

+27 15 418 2189

+258 841 995866

+27 13 747 2278

+264 64 403 463

+27 15 491 1328

+562 928 1300

+27 27 713 8597

urface Bulk Emulsions

agnum Watergel and Drygels

Instantaneous Electric Detonator (IED)

on-Electric Assemblies Shock Tube