DNA, DNA Replication, Mitosis,Types of Asexual Reproduction

Answer Key
1) What are the elements found in nucleic acids: _C, H, O,N, P and
sometimes __S_.
2) The basic building block for a nucleic acid is: NUCLEOTIDE___.
3) A single nucleotide is a made up of: _SUGAR GROUP [c,h,o],
PHOSPHATE GROUP[ p,o,h] and NITROGEN BASE [n,o,h].
4) In the space below, draw a
nucleotide.

5) Write out the full name for DNA.

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
6) What is a gene? A PORTION OF DNA (MADE UP of MANY NUCLEOTIDES
SEQUENCE OF NUCLEOTIDES A,T,C,G,G,G,T,AT)
7) Where in the cell are chromosomes located? NUCLEUS
8) DNA can be found in what two organelles? CHLOROPLASTS AND
MITOCHONDRIA
9) What two scientists established the structure of DNA? WATSON AND
CRICK
10)

What is the shape of DNA? DOUBLE HELIX

11)

What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of? ALTERNATING

SUGAR AND PHOSPHATE GROUPS

12)

What are the "rungs" of the DNA ladder made of? NITROGEN

BASES

13)

What sugar is found in DNA?DEOXYRIBOSE

14)

Chromosomes are found in the NUCLEUS, and are composed of

DNA and PROTEINS.

15)

The four nitrogenous bases are: ADENINE, THYMINE, CYTOSINE

AND GUANINE.
16)

According to the complementary base pair rule: ADENINE pairs

with THYMINE, and CYTOSINE pairs with GUANINE.

17)

If double stranded DNA has 14% G (guanine), what percent A

(adenine)

___36, T (thymine) _36_and C (cytosine) __14___would you

expect? _

18)

DNA is important for two reasons:

a. GENETIC MATERIAL- codes for protein synthesis
b. CHARACTERISTICS ARE PASSED ON FROM GENERATION TO
GENERATION

19)

Label the diagram. Use these choices: nucleotide, sugar,

phosphate group, nitrogen base, hydrogen bonds, and base pair.

1. SUGAR

2. NITROGEN BASE 3. NUCLEOTIDE

4. BASE PAIR

5. WEAK HYDROGEN BONDS

6. PHOSPHATE GROUP

20)

What is the base sequence of Strand X? G, T,C,A,-Structure 1: 5 carbon sugar

Structure 2: Hydrogen
Bond
Structure 3: Phosphate
Group

21)

During INTERPHASE, DNA replication begins when an ENZYME

breaks the HYDROGEN bonds. The DNA molecule unzips and free
nucleotides pair up with the original DNA strand. The new DNA
molecule is made up of a PARENT STRAND and a new strand of DNA.

22)

Draw a picture of a strand of DNA undergoing DNA replication.

23) Why is DNA replication important to cell division? PASSES ON

cHARACTERISTICS TO OFFSPRING, and to ensure that each daughter cells
receives the full set of genetic info.
24) What is occurring in this illustration? DNA REPLICATION

25)

Define mitosis: The process by which a cell divides and produces

two daughter cells from a single parent cell, for tissue growth and
repair
26) State the type of cell reproduces by mitosis: SOMATIC CELLS (BODY
CELLS)
27) Draw a chromosome in the space below; identify the chromatid
strand and the centromere in your diagram.

28)

How many chromosomes are present in a human somatic [body]

cell? 46 CHROMOSOMES

29)

Define asexual reproduction: Reproduction in which a cell doubles

its contents and then divides into two identical cells

30)

State two ways that mitosis is different in plant cells and animal

cells.
a. CELL PLATE FORMS ALONG THE EQUATORWHICH FORMS THE
NEW CELL WALL FOR THE DAUGHTER CELLS
b. CENTRIOLES are present
31)

Which two processes are involved in cell division?

NUCLEAR DUPLICATION (interphase only)

a. nuclear division
b. CYTOPLASMIC DIVISION
32)

Uncontrolled mitotic cell division is known as CANCER, caused

indirectly by mutagenic agents [radiation, toxins]

33)

Describe the key features of each of the following events:

a. Interphase: CELL RESTING STAGE, GROWTH AND DUPLICATION
b. Prophase : DOUBLED CHROMOSOMES BECOME VISIBLE, NUCLEAR
MEMBRANE IS DISAPPERING, CENTRIOLES BEGIN TO SEPARATE,
SPINDLE FIBERS BEGIN TO FORM
c. Metaphase: CHROMOSOMES LINE UP AT THE EQUATOR,
CENTRIOLES ARE AT POLES, SPINDLE FIBERS ATTACH TO
CENTROMERES
d. Anaphase: CHROMATIDS ARE PULLED APART, SPINDLE FIBERS
SHORTEN
e. Telophase: 2 NUCLEI ARE FORMING, CYTOKINESIS BEGINS
f. Cytokinesis: DIVISION OF THE CYTOPLASM AND ITS ORGANELLES,
RESULTS IN FORMATION OF 2 DAUGHTER CELLS

34)

What event must occur in order for mitosis to take place?

NUCLEAR DUPLICATION during Interphase

35)

Sequence the order of the stages of mitotic cell division.

PROPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE AND TELOPHASE

36)

Label the various stages of mitosis on the diagram below.

1. INTERPHASE
2. DAUGHTER CELLS
3. ANAPHASE
4. METAPHASE
5. TELOPHASE
6. PROPHASE

37) Define asexual

reproduction
Reproduction involving one parent cell producing identical offspring. (Ex:
worm, ameba, paramecium, body cells, bacteria, some plants, star fish,
mold-sporulation, yeast-budding.)
38) Compare budding and binary fission: Budding and Binary Fission are
types of asexual reproduction in which both have equal nuclear division
(to maintain the same chromosome number), however in Budding, the
cytoplasmic division is unequal, and the bud is much smaller than the
parent. In binary fission (binary = two/ fission = separation) the daughter
cells are equal in size.

39) In which type of asexual reproduction does the parent produce many
single specialized cells, in which each can develop into a new individual?
Sporulation (mold)genetic information is identical
40) Review scientific method and graphing skills.
Dependent variable/Independent variable
Consistent intervals
of the graphing space
41) Grafting: a bud, shoot, or scion of a plant inserted in a groove, slit, or
the like in a stem or stock of another plant in which it continues to grow
42) Cutting: Production of a new plant from a portion of another plant, such
as a stem or branch
cut scion (desirable fruit tree) cut it into a wedge and insert it into the
understock of a tree with good root stock.