Simpson 1

Jared Simpson
Cynthia Hamlett
English 102-15
10-9-2015
Jr. College vs. University: An Annotated Bibliography
Cross Woolfolk, Donna. Propaganda: How Not to be Bamboozled. Language Awareness
Readings for College Writers. Paul Eschhol ed. Alfred Rosa ed. Virginia Clark ed.
Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2013. 209-219. Print.
Lets just get right into it, Donna delineates beautifully the many tools of propaganda and how to
recognize them and not be fooled by them. First we have Name-calling defaming someone or
something to belittle its input value. Second Glittering Generalities which are words people
like to hear but dont really have any specified meaning. Third, the Plain-Folks Appeal where
someone appeals to the idea that they are just like you, or an everyday man. Fourth,
Argumentum Add Populum which reminds me of the Plain-Folks Appeal except instead of
making themselves look simpler and more like you, they bolster you up and make you think
highly of yourself. There are some more but I want to cover the ones that are particularly
important to my topic. The two-extremes Fallacy is a key one where you create a dilemma of
deciding between two options when there are in reality infinite options. Testimonial is another
one that is important in the world of college. Donna asserts that it is not only important to
recognize and not be fooled by these tactics but to be able to use them positively.
Donna Woolfolk Cross is an English professor at Onodaga Community College and wrote
several award winning books. She also attained a M.A. from the University of California, in Los
Angeles. She does a pretty good job encompassing all of the aspects of propaganda and uses
relevant examples. Her work is clearly organized and is widely accepted in the academic
community. On top of all of that it is a publication inside of a publication which many educators
endorse.
I plan on using some of the techniques highlighted by Donna in Propaganda: How Not to be
Bamboozled to show how both community colleges and universities manipulate the way we
perceive them for their benefits. This will be one of my foundational sources and will be used
primarily in my introduction but it will also be used when I talk about picking majors, and how
that can be drastically affected by propaganda.
Eneriz, Ashley. "Benefits of Attending Community College for Two Years to Save Money."
Money Crashers. Http://www.moneycrashers.com/, n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2015.

Simpson 2
Ashley Eneriz establishes four basic benefits of attending community college, and summarizes
why you shouldnt be ashamed to use community college as a resource. The first benefit she lists
is the most obvious, that tuition fees are low at community colleges, and that you dont need to
spend money for classes equally available at community colleges. Then of course still dealing
with the financial aspect of tuition she talks about lower living costs and less travel (well long
distance). Another benefit she touches on which is important for the many indecisive people
in the world is the idea of testing the proverbial waters. The final point and one of the greatest
non-monetary points is the concept of improving your transcripts (of course you could do quite
the opposite as well).
SO this is one of my more out there sources as far as far as the generally accepted qualifications
go, because Ashley Eneriz is basically just a blogger mom, she writes blog posts ad gets lots of
shares on various mediums i.e. Twitter, Pinterest, Facebook etc. I believe that this is a form of
credibility in its own. I do not believe that this should be used as a stand-alone source but I think
it provides a good perspective and softens the tone of my essay. Otherwise generally speaking it
is not the most valid source because I could not find a publication date and it is not a particularly
reputable source (although Money Crashers is periodically featured in Forbes magazine and Wall
Street Journal).
I chose this source because it offers something specific for my essay that I cannot provide
without it. MY VIEWS! Ashely makes some assertions which are in line with my own assertions
the differences is I can cite her I cant cite myself (at least not if I want my essay to have any
credibility). At the very end of her blog she mentions that the degree attained from all four years
at a university as opposed to two at community and two at university carries the same weight, no
one cares at that point how you got there, they just care that you got the degree. Of course maybe
they should care; instead of people viewing community college negatively perhaps they should
view those people in a higher light because they were expressing frugality and good business
strategies from the beginning. I think this could be useful in my conclusion particularly and
generally applicable to the entirety of my paper.
Murray, Donald M. The Makers Eye: Revising Your Own Manuscripts. Language Awareness
Readings for College Writers. Paul Eschhol ed. Alfred Rosa ed. Virginia Clark ed.
Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2013. 194-198. Print.
Donald Murray is adamant that people consider the process of a first draft as the entire process of
writing and from there on out it is simply revision. However Donald asserts that the first draft
should more aptly be named the zero draft and the process of writing does not even start until
that is completed. After a lengthy period of development we have to spend some time devoted to
conciseness and clarity, and in fact by the end of it he claims that a writer can never be truly
satisfied with his (or her) work and must finally just decide when good enough is good enough.
The big idea from Murray is about the makers eye which he uses to explain that we need to
separate ourselves from what others think and the constant need for outside input. In the end the
only one who truly knows what the writer is trying to convey is in fact the writer themselves.

Simpson 3
Donald Murray was a professor at the University of New Hampshire teaching writing courses,
and was also for some time the editor of Time Magazine! Enough said. He also has a Pulitzer
Prize which he obtained in 1954. On top of these achievements he has published many book and
textbooks. Textbooks are particularly relevant because people trust them as a resource to teach
other people. And finally he spent his final years of his life producing a weekly column for the
Boston Globe. Aside from all of that his own work is well written and clearly revised (far better
than my own work) which makes him more trustworthy. It may not be a particularly recent
publication but not everything has to be current to be relevant. Also just to give him more
credibility (as if he needs it) three scholarly editors endorse his work and consequently so do
you and a plethora of other respected English teachers.
The source that I am using here may be used by others; however I am hoping that I am using it in
a slightly more interesting interpretation (if nothing else different). I intend to use this to
emphasize the point of personal choice. When it comes to college that is straight up your life,
there is no other way of looking at it so none else including myself should be making decisions,
informed or otherwise, on your collegiate behalf. You know what it is that you are trying to
achieve or at the very least you are the only one who can find out. Which also applies to the
concept of exploring your options.
Schudde, Lauren, and Sara Goldrick-Rab. "On Second Chances And Stratification: How
Sociologists Think About Community Colleges." Community College Review 43.1
(2015): 27-45. Academic Search Complete. Web. 9 Oct. 2015.
This article talks about community colleges from a sociological perspective, and a lot of it is
more useful for the very specific purpose of a sociological study however there were some ideas
that the authors touched on that are worth considering. The author asserts that community
colleges provide greater access, however they are not promoting upward mobility for
disadvantaged students. One of the concepts discussed was the idea of reverse transfer which
is moving from a four year to a two year; they address two views on this topic, the one I found
interesting was as the idea of a safety net allowing students who were unsuccessful or just
wanted to drop out of university the achieve a lower degree which is better than no college at all.
One of the other concepts that they brought up was dealing with the social prejudices against
community colleges and how they can be hurtful for everyone involved in community colleges,
and other externalities.
Lauren Schudde is employed under a federally funded program put in place to study community
colleges and inequality in education in the United States. This definitely qualifies Lauren
Schudde as a valuable source of knowledge on the subject for me, but even if that werent
enough her qualifications are just the beginning. Her cowriter Sara Goldrick-Rab is a professor
of Educational Policies Studies and Sociology, meaning it is her lifes work to know about this,
and she researches transfer practices and other policies in order to better understand how to
increase college attendance in underprivileged people. And even if these two young women were
not enough to convince their list of sources is not only diversified, but it pulls from other

Simpson 4
trustworthy sources and authors, and it is practically longer than the article itself. Of course we
also know that it is a recent publication, which came out in 2015, and if you type either of their
last names into Google they are one of the options and the first thing to come up was their
respective college pages where you could research them more.
"On Second Chances And Stratification: How Sociologists Think About Community Colleges"
provides some good insight for my paper. I will definitely incorporate it to help establish not
only that the community college system is stigmatized but that, the stigma is damaging to
students who choose that route. This article also talked about an aspect of the twoyear/fouryear
struggle which I have not addressed in my paper yet, I think I can use the reverse transfer idea
to balance out and address a differing view on the idea of community college creating greater
opportunities for transferring.
Treat, Tod, and Linda Serra Hagedorn. "Resituating The Community College In A Global
Context." New Directions For Community Colleges 2013.161 (2013): 5-9. Academic
Search Complete. Web. 10 Oct. 2015.
Tod Treat and Linda Serra Hagedone discuss the role of community colleges linearly through a
timeline method which breaks community college structure and use up into three time periods.
The initial purpose of community colleges being Pre-9/11, a Spiky World where community
colleges were exactly what the sounded like community/local; meaning that they didnt have
much interest in globalization or international studies for the purpose of upward mobility. Then
there was Post-9/11, a Flat World which deals with branching out to understand other cultures
more, in turn flattening the world by creating a more global understanding of culture and less
intellectual gaps. They talk about young world entrepreneurship and the importance of young
people in developing areas access to technology. The final/ current step Post Flat World deals
with the complete access to technology and how it impacts education and the global economy.
They talk about a virtual middle class and how technology eliminates time and distance
constraints.
Dr. Todd Treat is the Executive Vice President of Student Affairs at Tacoma Community College
according to a brief Google search and also a professor of college Chemistry. This is pretty good
on the credibility scale but it does not hurt his cause that his co-author Linda Serra Hagedorn, Ph.
D. is the Associate Dean of Undergraduate Programs and more importantly directed the
Transfer and Retention of Urban Community College Students Project (TRUCCS) which
looked into over 5,000 students enrolled in community colleges in the L.A. area. Altogether the
article was concise and well organized, I enjoyed the professional language without getting
overwhelmed by it and its girth. Their sources vary from New York Times to the Oxford
University Press and are reasonable in proportionate to the size of the article. It is fairly recently
published, 2013 that is, and I would consider co-authorship itself to be a plus because not only is
this a peer reviewed scholarly journal, but it was collaboratively written by two scholars which
adds layers to the peer reviewed idea.

Simpson 5
This article addresses some important ideas that I can tie into some of the paragraphs of my
paper. I talk about the costs of college dorming vs. the costs of staying home which I can use the
ideas of Post Flat World to add to this conversation. I also believe the Post Flat World piece
connects well with my topical paragraph about flexability and I plan to incorporate it there as
well.
"Community College Myth vs. Fact." Scholarships.com. Www.scholarships.com, 2015. Web. 10
Oct. 2015.
This web article addresses 5 major myths connected to community colleges. The first one is that
students go to community college because it is their only choice, and while acknowledging this
as a possibility, it also provides some alternative reasons why people attend community colleges,
contra-proofs if you will(for math people out there). The second Myth is that not many credits
are actually transferable which they deal with by proposing that classes need to be carefully
selected even at four year universities in order to make sure they are relevant to your major, and
provides information on how to make sure you are choosing transferable courses. The third myth
being that because it is less to attend it is lower quality, which is actually almost antithetical of
reality. The fourth myth was that community college students are all old people, which was more
of a half myth, part of it was that is not true purely based on statistics and also because
community colleges are promoting programs for high school students to push themselves, and
the other part was that it is true and so what, good for them. The fifth and final myth was that
degrees from a two year arent as good as degree from four year colleges in the real world, which
they shot down with countless counter-examples. Altogether they addressed many of the stigmas
and ideas I plan on addressing in a clear manor.
The entire point of this website is to help aspiring college students in various different ways,
from picking a college to finding money for college and others in between. The links used in this
web article are current and connected and lead to clearly organized information of course it
encounters the same problem I had with the History Channel which is that is uses the same
circular research because all its links lead back to itself. This is no as valid so to speak as some
of my other Scholarly pieces but it certainly is meritorious. The site itself is kept up to date and is
well established; going back to 1998 (we are all now remembering that this is well established
based on the age of the internet).
I chose this source because it was a little less scholarly and it was still trustworthy. I listed all
five of the myths incorporated into the article because they are the heart and soul of my paper,
they encompass everything I am trying to convey. Seeing the way they wrote out the myths was
helpful in clearly visualizing the problems that I was still trying to delineate. It is hard for me to
pin this information to one paragraph I will want to use it in, I will definitely incorporate it into
my introduction; however I believe that it will end up interspersing itself all throughout my
paper. It is also good information affirming the concepts we were discussing that community
college teachers are better for their students than university teachers or professors moreover).