I.

Week2:
Topic:Magnetism
Objective(s):SWBATaccuratelyunderstandmagnetismandelectromagnetismandbeableto
constructelectromagnetsandelectricmotorsusingtheinformationandmaterialsprovided.
Standards:P.8.PS.4
MSPS25

P.8.PS.5

ISTE1

MSPS23

ISTE4

MSPS32

Source:
http://www.uwyo.edu/scienceposse/resources/lessonplans/formerfellowlessonplans/luke
dosiek/lukediosiekfunwithelectricityandmagnetism.pdf
Materials:PowerPointforeachday.Electromagnethandout,electricmotorhandout,right
handrulehandoutandpreandposttestsforeachstudent.Electromagnetpackets(eachwith:
batterywithholder,switch,steelnail,pencil,severalpaperclips,compass,2feetofwire
[insulatedwithexposedends]),electricmotorpackets(eachwith:Dcellbatterypack,AA
battery,3feetofenamelcoatedwire,magnets,2Lengthsofheavywire[6incheseach],
sandpaper)andtelegraphpackets(Eachwith:battery,switch,longlengthofwire,2large
nails(steel),2smallnails,hammer,woodblockandastripofmetal)foreachgroupof
students(35studentspergroup)
Assessments:pretest,handoutsandposttest.
Week2Day1:
Engage:PretestWheredoesmagnetismcomefrom?
Explain:Definemagnetism.Explainwhatamagnetisandhowitworks.Giveexampleof
typesofmagnetsandtheiruses.
A. Week2Day24:
Topic:Electromagnetism
Engagement:(Day2)
Beginbyaskingtheclasshowtheythinkelectricityandmagnetismarerelated.
Canyoucreateamagnetusingelectricity?How?Canyoucreateelectricityusinga
magnet?How?Askthestudentstothinkabouttheseanswersasthelessonprogresses.
Theansweristhatamovingelectricormagneticfieldproducestheothertypeoffield,
i.e.amovingmagneticfieldproducesanelectricfield,andthuselectricity,andvice
versa.Askforexamplesofobjectswherebothelectricityandmagnetismarepresent.
o Electricmotors:microwaveovens,DVDplayers,electriccars
o Electricgenerators:windturbines,coalpowerplants,nuclearpowerplants
o Microphonesandspeakers
o Harddrives

Explanation:
Defineelectromagnetismasthefundamentalrelationshipbetweenelectricalandmagnetic
fields.Amovingelectricfieldproducesamagneticfieldthatrotatesaroundit.Amoving
magneticfieldproducesanelectricfieldthatrotatesaroundit.(TheRightHandRulehelps

understandthis.)(Handout)Firstdefinepositiveelectriccurrentasflowingfromthe
positiveterminalofabatterytothenegativeterminal.Defineamagneticfieldtomove
fromtheNorthPoletotheSouthPole.Curlthefingersofyourrighthandinthedirection
oftherotatingelectric(ormagnetic)field.Yourthumbpointsinthedirectionofthe
resultingmagnetic(orelectric)field.Explainthat,bytherighthandrule,acoilofcurrent
carryingwirewillcreateamagneticfield.Thestrengthofthemagneticfieldisbasedon3
things:
Theamountofcurrentinthewire:themorecurrent,thestrongerthemagneticfield.
Thenumberofturnsinthecoil:themoreturns,thestrongerthemagneticfield.
Thematerialinthecoil.
o Havingamagneticmaterialsuchasironorsteelasthecoreofthecoilworksto
magnifytheeffectsofthecoil,thuscreatingastrongermagneticfield.Having
nothinginthecoilwillstillproduceamagneticfield,thoughitwillbeveryweak.
Asktheclassforsomeexamplesofwhatmaterialswouldbegoodforthecoreofthe
electromagnet.
Steel,iron,anythingthatisattractedtoacommonrefrigeratormagnet
Giveseveralexamplesofwhereelectromagnetsareused.
Motorsandgenerators
Doorbells
Speakers
Harddrives
VHSandAudiotapes
Telephones
Asktheclasstocomeupwithotherexamplesofelectromagnetsaroundthem.

Exploration:(Day3)
BreaktheclassintogroupsandbegintheElectromagnetActivity.Remembertoreinforce
theaboveconceptsduringtheactivity.
Askthestudentstousetherighthandruletodescribewhatsgoingonwiththeirnails
andcoilsofwire.
Askthemiftheythinkapencilwillworkasanelectromagnetscoreandwhy/whynot.
Askthemiftheyveseenelectromagnetslikethisbeforeandwhere.

Explanation:
Byutilizingelectromagnetsthatrotate,anelectricmotororgeneratorcanbebuilt.An
electricmotorconvertselectromagneticenergyintomechanicalenergy.
IttakeselectriccurrentintoaseriesofspeciallywoundcoilstocreateNorthandSouth
magneticpolesthatspininacircle.Thesepolespullalongmagnetsonarotor,which
thenspins.
Anelectricgeneratorconvertsmechanicalenergyintoelectromagneticenergy.
Asmechanicalenergyspinsarotorwithmagnetsonit,theserotatingmagnetspassbya
seriesofcoilsofwire.Anelectriccurrentisproducedinthesecoilsviatherighthand
rule.

Elaboration:(Day4)
ElectricmotorDemoorActivity.Dependingonthelevelofthestudents,thiscaneitherbe
ademooranactivityinwhichtheyactuallybuildasimplemotor.Eitherway,itsgoalisto
produceahandsonexperiencewithanelectricmotorconvertingelectricityinto
mechanicalenergy.Themotorinthisactivityworksasfollows:
Theelectricityfromthebatteriesflowsthroughthecoilofwirecreatingan
electromagnetandthusamagneticfield.Thisonlyhappenswhenthecoilisina
positionwheretheexposedcoppertouchesthecopperwiresupports.Themagnetic
fieldfromtheelectromagnetisattractedtoorrepelledfromthepermanentmagnets
sittingonthedesk.Thisspinsthecoiltoalignthetwomagneticfields.Thisiswhere
thepropersandingofthecoilscomesintoplay.Asthemagneticfieldsaredrawninto
alignment,thecoilmovesintoapositionsuchthatthecoppersupportwiresarenow
touchingtheinsulatedsideofthecoil,thusturningofftheelectromagnet.Sincethecoil
hasmomentum,itcontinuestospinpastthealignedpositionandbackintotheposition
wherecoppertouchescopperandthepermanentmagnetcandrawthecoilbackdown.
Thiscyclecontinuescreatingarapidspinningmotion!Ifwehadsandedtheentirewire
endsofourcoil,themomentitsawelectricityitwouldsimplymoveintoalignment
withthemagnetonthedeskandstaythere!Bysandingonehalfofthewire(and
specificallythewaywedidit)wecreatethiscycleoffirstmagneticattractionandthen
momentumtogetthecoiltospin.

B. Week2Day5:
Activity:
Telegraphconstruction

Thisisusedasapracticalexampleofhowelectromagnetsare(were)usedin
communicationstechnology.Thiscanbeademoiftimeisanissue.

Evaluation:
Posttest

TheRightHandRule
1. Examinethesystem.Isthemagneticfieldortheelectricfieldrotating?

2. Ifitisthemagneticfieldthatisrotatingyouprobablyhaveastraightwire.Pointyour
thumbinthedirectionoftheelectriccurrent.Remember,positiveelectriccurrentgoes
outthepositiveendofthebattery,throughthewires,andbackintothenegativeend!

3. Withyourthumbpointinginthecorrectdirection,curlyourfingersasintheleftsideof
thefigurebelow.Thisisthedirectionoftherotatingmagneticfield(clockwiseor
counterclockwise).

4. Ifitistheelectricfieldthatisrotating,youprobablyhaveacoilofwire.Figureout
whichwaytheelectriccurrentisrotating,againrememberingthatthecurrentflows
fromthepositiveterminalofthebatterytothenegative.

5.Noticewhereyourthumbispointing.ThisistowardstheNorthPoleoftheresulting
magneticfield,asintherightsideofthefigure.

Lesson2UnshiftedActivity:TheElectromagnet
Purpose
Theelectromagnetisoneofthemostcommonelectricaldevicesinuse.Theycanbe
foundinstereospeakers,headphones,DVDplayers,videorecorders,windturbines,andanything
withanelectricmotor.Theelectromagnetisagreatexampleofhowelectricityandmagnetismare
related.Italsoshowshowthisrelationcanconvertelectricalenergyintomechanicalenergy.
Materials
Batterywithholder
Switch
Steelnail
Pencil
Severalpaperclips
Compass
2feetofwire,insulatedwithexposedends
Procedure
1.Formgroupsandgatheryourmaterialsasinstructedbyyourteacher.
2.Makeanelectromagnetliketheoneshowninthefigure.

3.Beginbywrappingyourwirearoundyournail10times.
4.Turnonyourelectromagnet.
5.Howmanypaperclipscanyouliftwiththenail?_________________
6.Turnoffyourelectromagnet.
7.Nowtrywrappingyourwirearoundthenailasmanytimesaspossible,whilestillleavingroomto
connecttothebattery.
8.Howmanyturnswereyouabletoget?________________
9.Turnontheelectromagnetandtrytoliftthepaperclips.
10.Howmanypaperclipscanyouliftwiththenailnow?_________________
11.Turnitoffandreplacethenailwithapencil,thenturnitbackon.
12.Howmanypaperclipscanyouliftwiththepencil?_________________

13.Turnitoff,andreplacethepencilwithyournail.
14.usingtherighthandrule,predictwhichendofyournailistheNorthPole.
15.Turnonyourelectromagnetandbringyourcompassnearthepointofthenail.
16.isthepointaNorthorSouthPole?___________________
17.Turnoffyourelectromagnetandswitchyourbatteryaround,sotheelectriccurrentwillflowin
theoppositedirection.
18.Turnonyourelectromagnetandagainbringthecompassnearthepointofthenail.
19.IsthepointNorthorSouth?

DiscussionQuestions
1. Explainhowthenumberofturnsinyourcoilaffectsthestrengthofyourelectromagnet.
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2. Wastheelectromagnetstrongerwiththenailorthepencilinitscore?Why?
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3. Didreversingthebatterychangetheelectromagnet?How?
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4. Inthefigure,labeltheNorthandSouthPolesoftheelectromagnet.Alsodrawanarrow
showingwhichdirectionthepositiveelectriccurrentisflowing.

Lesson2ShiftedActivity:TheElectromagnet
Purpose
Theelectromagnetisoneofthemostcommonelectricaldevicesinuse.Theycanbe
foundinstereospeakers,headphones,DVDplayers,videorecorders,windturbines,and
anythingwithanelectricmotor.Theelectromagnetisagreatexampleofhowelectricityand
magnetismarerelated.Italsoshowshowthisrelationcanconvertelectricalenergyinto
mechanicalenergy.
Materials
Batterywithholder
Switch
Steelnail
Pencil
Severalpaperclips
Compass
2feetofwire,insulatedwithexposedends

DirectedExperiment
1.Formgroupsandgatheryourmaterialsasinstructedbyyourteacher.
2.Makeanelectromagnetliketheoneshowninthefigure.

3.Notethatthefigureshowsthewirewrappedaroundthenail4times.Continuewrappingyour
wiresothereare20turnsinyourcoil.
4.Usetheswitchsowedontdrainourbatteries!
5.Connectyourwirestotheredpositiveterminalandthe1.5Vnegativeterminal.
6.WiththeswitchOPEN,determinehowmanypaperclipsyournailcanlift(usingmagnetism)
7.WiththeswitchCLOSED,determinehowmanypaperclipsyoucanliftwiththenail.

ObservationsandExplorations
1. Basedonwhatyousawintheaboveexperiment,listthingsthatyouthinkcouldaffect
thestrengthofyourelectromagnet,andhowtheywouldaffectthestrength.(Usea
separatesheetofpaperifneeded.)

2. Thinkofawaytoreversethepolarityofyourelectromagnet.Howcouldyoumeasurethe
polarityofyourelectromagnet?

3. Attempttoimplementyourpredictionsabove,oneatatime,andrecordyour
observations.Youmayusethenumberofpaperclipsthatyoucanpickupasameasure
oftheelectromagnetsstrength.(Oryoucouldtrytodeterminehowstrongthepaperclips
bindtothenailbyfeel).Ifyouhaveamagneticfieldmeteravailable,usethat!

FurtherThoughts
Usingyourrecentlygainedknowledgeofelectromagnetism,describehowyouthinkyoucould
useanelectromagnettomakeanelectricmotor.Thatis,howcanyouuseanelectromagnet(and
possiblyothermaterials)toconvertelectricalenergyintomechanicalenergy(motion)?

Activity:SimpleElectricMotor

Purpose
Theelectricmotorisanimportantdevicebecauseitconvertselectromagnetenergyinto
mechanicalenergy.TheycanbefoundinDVDdrives,microwaveovens,blenders,powertools,
vehicles,andtoys.Theelectricmotorworksbycreatingelectromagnetswiththenpushorpull
othermagnets,causingmotion!

Materials
Dcellbatterypack
AABattery
3Feetofenamelcoatedwire
Magnets
2Lengthsofheavywire,6incheseach
Sandpaper

Procedure
1.Formgroupsandgatheryourmaterialsasinstructedbyyourteacher.
2.Beginbywrappingthe3footlengthofwirearoundtheAAbattery.Leaveabout3or4inches
ofwireunwrappedateachend.

3.Carefullypullthecoiloffofthebattery,holdingthewiresoitkeepsitscircularshape.
4.Tokeepthecoilinacircle,wrapthelooseendsofwirearoundthecoilafewtimes:

5.Youshouldnowhaveasmallcoilofwirewithafewinchesofextrawirestickingoutofeach
side.
6.NowholdthecoilattheedgeofyourdesksoitNOTlyingflatonyourdesk,itisinstead
standingup.Placeitsoonlyoneofthefreewiresislyingonthedesk.Withyoursandpaper,
removetheinsulationonthehalfofthewirethatisvisible.
7.Makesureyousanduntiltheshinycopperisvisible.
8.Dothesamewiththeotherfreewireend,makingsurethattheshinycoppersideisfacingup
onbothwireends.

9.setasideyourcoil.
10.Bendyourtwothickwiresintotheshapeshownbelow.

11.Takethestraightendsofyourthickwiresandconnectthemtothebatterypacks3VandDC
terminals.
12.Bendthethickwiressothatyourcoilwillbalanceintheirloopedends,about2inchesoffof
yourworksurface


13.Placeyourmagnetsdirectlyunderneaththecoilonyourworksurface.
14.Ifthecoilisntalreadyspinning,giveitanudge!
ObservationsandExplorations
5.Basedonwhatyousawintheaboveexperiment,listthingsthatyouthinkcouldaffectthe
speedofyourmotor,andhowtheywouldaffectthespeed.(Useaseparatesheetofpaperif
needed.)

6.Thinkofawaytoreversethedirectionofthespinofyourmotor.Writeitdown.

7.Attempttoimplementyourpredictionsabove,oneatatime,andrecordyourobservationsona
datasheetthatyoucancreateonaseparatesheetofpaper.

8.Ifthereareanyotheraspectsyouwouldliketoexplorefeelfreetodoso.Writedownwhatis
youareinvestigating,whatyourpredictionsare,andfinally,whatyouobservedandconcluded.


FurtherThoughts
Usingyourrecentlygainedknowledgeofelectricmotors,describehowyouthinkanelectric
generatorworks.

Activity:TheTelegraph
Purpose
Theelectromagnethasbeenusedforoverahundredyearsinsuchthingsaselectric
motors,generators,videocameras,stereospeakers,andincommunicationtechnologiessuchas
thetelephone,orpreviously,thetelegraph.Thetelegraphwasthefirstmethodofusing
electricitytocommunicateovergreatdistances.UsingMorsecode,peoplewouldsendaseriesof
dotsanddashescreatedbyturningaswitchonandoff.Adotwascreatedbyholdingthe
switchONforabrieftime,whereadashwascreatedbyholdingtheswitchdownforalonger
time.InthisactivityyouwillbuildasimpletelegraphsystemandsendamessageinMorsecode.

Materials
Battery
Switch
Longlengthofwire
2Largenails(steel)
2smallnails
Hammer
Woodblock
Stripofmetal

Procedure
15.Formgroupsandgatheryourmaterialsasinstructedbyyourteacher.
16.BeginbybendingyourstripofmetalintoaZasshownbelow.Becareful,themetalmay
besharp!!

17.Setthemetalpieceaside.
18.Takeyourtwolargenailsandhammerthemintothetopofyourwoodenblockasshown.
Makesuretheyare1inchapart.

19.Usethetwosmallnailstoattachthemetalpiecetothewoodblock.Makesurethetopofthe
Zshapehangsoverthetopofthenails.Thenailsshouldnotbetouchingthemetal,but
shouldbeveryclose.

20.Takeyourwireandwinditaroundoneofthelargenails,startingfromthetopandworking
downtowardthewoodenbase.Leaveaboutafootofwirestickingoutfromthetopofthe
nail,andtherestofthewirestickingoutofthebottom.

21.Nowwraptheothernailwithwire,nowworkingfromthebottomtothetop.
22.Tofigureoutwhichwaytowrapthesecondnail,figureoutifthefirstnailwaswrapped
clockwiseorcounterclockwise.Whicheverthecase,thesecondnailmustbewoundthe
opposite.

23.Nowconnectoneofthewireendstoyouroneofyourbatteryterminals.Theothershouldbe
connectedtoaswitchandthentotheotherbatteryterminal.

24.Whentheswitchisclosed,thenails,nowelectromagnetsshouldenergize,pullingthemetal
Zshapetothem.Whentheswitchisopened,themetalshouldspringbackintoitsoriginal
position.
25.Forbestresults,theheadofonenailshouldbeaNorthPole,andtheothershouldbeaSouth
Pole.VerifythiswithyourknowledgeoftheRightHandRule,andrewindthesecondnailif
thenailsdonthaveoppositepoles.
26.YoumayexperimentwithMorsecode.Byholdingtheswitchshutforasplitsecond,youare
sendingadot.Holdingitdownforaboutfullsecond,yousendadash.Sendmessages
acrossyourdeskandseeifyourpartnerscandecodethem.

DiscussionQuestions
1. Describeinyourownwordshowthetelegraphworks.
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____________________________

2. Whatwouldyouaddtoyourdevicesoitcouldautomaticallywritethereceiveddotsand
dashesonapieceofpaper?(Hint:startwithamovingpieceofpaper!)
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PreTest/PostTest
Magnetism
ShortAnswer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1.

2.

3.

Solenoidwrappedaroundanironcoretemporarymagnetmadebyanelectricalcurrent
_______________________________________

Increasesordecreasesthevoltageofalternatingcurrent
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Convertsmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy
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Anymaterialthatattractsironormaterialscontainingiron
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Existsintheregionaroundamagnetinwhichmagneticforcescanact
_______________________________________

Oneoftwopoints,suchastheendsofamagnet,thathaveopposingmagneticqualities
_______________________________________

Multiplechoicequestions

HardtomagnetizeTendtokeeptheirmagneticpropertieslongerthantemporarymagnets
do
A.
TemporaryMagnet
B.
Ferromagnet
C.
PermanentMagnet
D.
Electromagnet

Theprocessofcreatingacurrentinacircuitbychangingamagneticfield
A.
ElectricMotor
B.
Electromagnetism
C.
ElectromagneticInduction
D.
Electromagnet

Magnetsthataremadewithiron,cobalt,nickel,ormixtureshavestrongmagnetic
properties
A.
Ferromagnet
B.
Electromagnet
C.
Magnet
D.
TemporaryMagnet


4.Theforceofattractionorrepulsiongeneratedbymovingorspinningelectriccharges
A.
MagneticForce
B.
MagneticPole
C.
Magnet
D.
Magneticfield
5.
Tinymagnetsofdifferentsizeswithinanobject
A.
Solenoid
B.
Domain
C.
SoftIron
D.
Magnet

True/Falsequestions

1.
TemporaryMagnetEasytomagnetizeTendtolosemagnetization
a.
True
False

2.
MagneticFieldLinesExistsintheregionaroundamagnetinwhichmagneticforces
canact
a.
True
False

3.
ElectricMotorConvertselectricalenergyintomechanicalenergy
a.
True
False

4.
ElectromagnetismTheinteractionbetweenelectricityandmagnetism
a.
True
False

5.
SolenoidAcoilofwirewithanelectricalcurrentinit
a.
True
False

6.
GalvanometerAnymaterialthatattractsironormaterialscontainingiron
a.
True
False