Lauren Skipps

Biology 1010 Final Exam Take-home NAME________________

Answer all of the questions in the space provided.

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1) (5 pts) In order for Hardy and Weinberg to formulate a mathematical model for microevolution they
made five assumptions. List these assumptions and explain why they dont reflect what happens in
nature.
The Population size is very large
Mating occurs at Random
No Mutation Takes place
No new alleles are input into the population (migration)
No selection occurs
These do not reflect what happens in nature because these are a controlled species, and nature is something we can't control
and truly does initiate evolution as environments and elements change.

2) (3 pts) One of the volcanic islands Darwin visited had sea shell fossils in a layer of rock that was
5000 feet above sea level. Why was this important to Darwin and the development of his theory?
It showed that continents and oceans had drastically changed and will continue to change over time.

3) (3 pts) What was it about An Essay on the Principle of Population by Malthus that helped
Darwin and Wallace formulate the theory of Natural Selection?

Malthus believed that natural outcomes were God's way of preventing man from being lazy
this helped formulate Darwin and Wallace's theory because they had come to the came conclusion.

4) (4 pts) Give an example of convergent evolution and an example of divergent evolution. Make
sure to mention homology and analogy.

A divergent evolution is when two species come from the same evolutionary branch but are
very different because their structures are homologous
Example: a Cow and a Whale
Convergent Evolution are species from two different evolutionary branches come to resemble
each other
Example: Dolphin and Shark or a bird and a bat

5) (2 pts) Describe what is meant by the term Punctuated Equilibrium. How does this differ from
Darwins concept of gradualism?
Punctuated Equilibrium is a process of evolution where the species diverge quickly and
remain unchanged for a long period of time.

6) (5 pts) LIST and GIVE AN EXAMPLE for the FIVE types of evidence people use to support the
Principle of Evolution.

Biogeography
Fossil Record
Comparative Anatomy
Molecular Biology
Comparative Embryology
example of biogeography is the remote Galapagos islands and how species evolved on
separate islands (barriers)
Example of Fossil Record would be the hominid fossil record
example of comparative anatomy would be the similar arm construction of a human and a dog
(homologus structures)
example of molecular biology is when DNA of a species and an ancestor species have a
similarity in their DNA sequence meaning they're related
Example of Comparative Embryology is seeing that a human embryo has gills and a tail like
fish but then these disappear as the embryo matures.

7) (3 pts) How do biologist define a SPECIES? Describe an example were two individuals ARE the
same species AND an example where two individuals ARE NOT the same species.

It is defined by if the group can interbreed (properly mate) and produce a fertile offspring
a labrador and a poodle are two individuals of the same species
A tarantula and a black widow are not the same species.