SIMPLE

action in the present taking

CONTINUOUS

place once, never or several times

facts
P
R
actions taking place one after
E
another
S

action set by a timetable or

E
schedule
N
T , ,
.

action in the past taking

actions taking place one after
another

P
action taking place in the
A
middle of another action
S

T

F
U
T
U
R
E

action in the future that cannot

be influenced,
spontaneous decision
assumption with regard to the
future
(GOING TO)decision made
for the future

conclusion with regard to the

future

action that will befinished at a

certain time in the future

action taking place in the

moment of speaking

action taking place only for a

S
limited period of time
+

action arranged for the future

v
1
+
o

place once, never or several times

PERFECT
putting emphasis on

S+a
m/is
/are
+
(v+i
ng)
+o

action that is still going on

action that stopped recently

finished action that has an

influence on the present

action that has taken place

once, never or several times
before the moment of speaking
,

.

time in the past

S
+
W
I
L
L
+
V

+
O

S+WI
LL
BE+
(V+IN
G)+O

action that is sure to happen in

the near future
action taking place before a
certain time in the future
putting emphasis on
thecourse of an action

S+
action that recently
ha
stopped or is still going on
ve/
ha
finished action that
s+
influenced the present
v2



+o

certain time in the past

sometimes interchangeable
S+W
with past perfect progressive
AS/
putting emphasis only on
WER
the
fact
(not the duration)
E+
(V+I
NG)
+O

" Future
Perfect Tense"

putting emphasis on
thecourse or duration (not
the result)

action taking place before a

actions taking place at the

S
same time
+
action in the past that is
V
interrupted by another action
2


+
.
O

certain time in the future

theresult

action going on at a certain

action that is going on at a

PERFECT CONTINUOUS

action taking place

before a certain time in the
past

S+H
AD
+V2

+O

S+
WI
LL
HA
VE
+V
2+
O

S+H
AVE/
HAS
BEE
N+
(V+I
NG)
+O

sometimes
interchangeable with past
perfect simple
putting emphasis on
theduration or course of
an action
...






" Future
Perfect Continuous Tense"

S+H
AD
BEE
N+
(V.IN
G)
+O

S+WI
LL
HAVE
BEEN
+
(V.IN
G)+O