The Electoral System of India..

1. Introduction.
India is a constitutional democracy with a parliamentary system of government, a
nd at the heart of the system is a commitment to hold regular, free and fair ele
ctions. These elections determine the composition of the government, the members
hip of the two houses of parliament, the state and union territory legislative a
ssemblies, and the Presidency and vice-presidency

2. Indian Elections -Scale of Operation.

Elections in India are events involving political mobilisation and organisationa
l complexity on an amazing scale. In the 1996 election to Lok Sabha there were 1
,269 candidates from 38 officially recognised national and state parties seeking
election, 1,048 candidates from registered parties, not recognised and 10,635 i
ndependent candidates. A total number of 59,25,72,288 people voted. The Election
Commission employed almost 40,00,000 people to run the election. A vast number
if civilian police and security forces were deployed to ensure that the election
s were carried out peacefully. The direct cost of organising the election amount
ed to approximately Rs. 5,180 million.(Back)
3. Constituencies & Reservation of Seats.
The country has been divided into 543 Parliamentary Constituencies, each of whic
h returns one MP to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament. The size a
nd shape of the parliamentary constituencies are determined by an independent De
limitation Commission, which aims to create constituencies which have roughly th
e same population, subject to geographical considerations and the boundaries of
the states and administrative areas.
4. How Constituency Boundaries are drawn up?
Delimitation is the redrawing of the boundaries of parliamentary or assembly con
stituencies to make sure that there are, as near as practicable, the same number
of people in each constituency. In India boundaries are meant to be examined af
ter the ten-yearly census to reflect changes in population, for which Parliament
by law establishes an independent Delimitation Commission, made up of the Chief
Election Commissioner and two judges or ex-judges from the Supreme Court or Hig
h Court. However, under a constitutional amendment of 1976, delimitation was sus
pended until after the census of 2001, ostensibly so that states family-planning
programmes would not affect their political representation in the Lok Sabha and
Vidhan Sabhas. This has led to wide discrepancies in the size of constituencies,
with the largest having over 25,00,000 electors, and the smallest less than 50,
000