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A. NAME OF DISORDER
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
When your pancreas make very small amounts of insulin (a
hormone needed to transfer glucose into energy) and your
immune system destroys the insulin-making cells in the
pancreas causing your blood to have high levels of glucose

B. THE CAUSE
T1D is autosomal with complex dominant/recessive rules
This disease is polygenic which means many different genes
contribute to getting type 1 diabetes
It is not a sex-linked gene and it is not Non disjunction
A predisposition to develop T1D is passed through
generations in families but we do still not know the
inheritance patterns
It is unclear on what genes affect T1D but chromosome 6 is
the only one that would have something to do with it (the
understanding is not yet clear)

C. FACTS ABOUT THE DISEASE

10 to 20 per 100,000 people every year in the US are diagnosed
By age 18 around 1 in 300 people in the US are diagnosed
Similar frequencies in places like Europe, the UK, Canada, and New Zealand
Much lower frequencies in Asia and South America (1 per 1 million people)
The lowest risk populations studied are mostly of non-European origin
Most commonly diagnosed from infancy to the later 30s
Children diagnosed before the age of 15 have an even male to female ratio.
Populations with the highest incidence of diabetes have more males but in
the lowest incidence of diabetes there are more females
In places of the European origin between the ages of 15 and 40 years there
is a 3:2 male to female ratio

D. SYMPTOMS
Tiredness
Blurry vision
Increased hunger
Weight loss
Urinating a lot
Being very thirsty

E. TESTING AND SCREENING

A fasting blood glucose test measures your blood glucose
level after 8 hours of fasting with no food or drink other
than water
A random blood glucose test measures your glucose level at
a random time and having any diabetes symptoms or having
high glucose levels in your blood indicates if you have the
disease or not
A oral glucose tolerance test is taken after the fasting blood glucose test if it didnt
work but you still have T1D symptoms
You drink a special glucose solution for this test then take another fasting blood
glucose test 2 hours after

An A1C test looks at your blood levels from over a couple

months instead of just that specific time

F. TREATMENT
Type 1 diabetes is not life ending but can be life threatening
To treat this disease you need to stay healthy and do things
like
No smoking
No drinking
Monitoring blood levels
Eating a healthy diet
Regular check ups
Exercising
Take several insulin injections or use an insulin pump (daily)

G. INTERESTING FACTS
Type 1 diabetes is a lot less common than type 2 diabetes
(90% of diabetes are Type 2)
Some famous people with type 1 diabetes are Chicago Bears
QB Jay cutler and Nick Jonas

J. BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://donate.jdrf.org/info/jdrf-qa/#about
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/type-1-diabetes
http://
www.webmd.com/diabetes/tc/type-1-diabetes-symptoms
http://
www.webmd.com/diabetes/tc/type-1-diabetes-treatment-ove
rview
http://
biology.stackexchange.com/questions/9647/is-diabetes-sex-l
inked-disease