Patho asthma

1. An asthma attack may occur spontaneously or in response to a trigger.

Either way, the attack progresses in the following manner:

There is an initial release of inflammatory mediators from

bronchial mast cells, epithelial cells, and macrophages, followed
by activationof other inflammatory cells

Alteration of autonomic neural control of airway tone and

epithelial integrity occur and the increased responsiveness in
airways smooth muscle results in clinical manifestations (e.g.
wheezing and dyspnea)

2. Three events contribute to clinical manifestations

Bronchial spasm

Inflammation and edema of the mucosa

Production of thick mucus, which results in increased airway

resistance, premature closure of airways, hyperinflation,
increased work of breathing, and impaired gas exchange

3. If not treated promptly, status asthmaticus an acute, severe, prolonged

asthma attack that is unresponsive to the usual treatment may occur,
requiring hospitalization.