Example:

The following example return several substrings of

string "THIS IS A FEATURED ARTICLE"
SELECTSUBSTR('THIS IS A FEATURED
ARTICLE', 11, 8)FROM DUAL;
OUTPUT :FEATURED
SELECTSUBSTR('THIS IS A FEATURED
ARTICLE', -7, 7)FROM DUAL;
OUTPUT :ARTICLE
SELECTSUBSTR('THIS IS A FEATURED
ARTICLE', 11)FROM DUAL;
OUTPUT :FEATURED ARTICLE

SELECT TRIM('HELLO');
Result:
'HELLO'
SELECT LTRIM('HELLO');
Result:
'HELLO'
SELECT RTRIM('HELLO');
Result:
'HELLO'

SELECT TRIM (0 FROM 0009872348900) FROM DUAL;

98723489
SELECT TRIM ( this is a test. ') from dual;
this is a test.
SELECT TRIM('x' FROM 'xxxxthis is a test.xxxx') from dual;
this is a test.

TRUNC(125.815)
Result: 125
TRUNC(125.815, 0)
Result: 125
TRUNC(125.815, 1)
Result: 125.8
TRUNC(125.815, 2)
Result: 125.81
TRUNC(125.815, 3)
Result: 125.815
TRUNC(-125.815, 2)
Result: -125.81
TRUNC(125.815, -1)
Result: 120
TRUNC(125.815, -2)
Result: 100
TRUNC(125.815, -3)