D.O.

ChangeswithVaryingDepth,
Temperature,andSalinity:

LabPartners
:TaylorRamcharran,KianaJohnson,DoyinOyelami
Date
:August27th,2015
Introduction
:Inthislabwewilltest,andmeasureprimaryproductivity
basedonthechangesindissolvedoxygenimpactedbytheamountof
lightintensity.Aswellasdifferentabioticfactorssalinity,temperature,
andlightintensityimpactingtheDOlevelsinvariouswatersamples.
Thelightbottleanddarkbottlewillbeusedtomeasuretherateof
oxygenproduction.Thedifferencebetweentheinitialbottleanddark
bottlewillshowtheamountofoxygenusedinrespiration.
Following
:Primaryproductivitycanbeimpactedbytemperature,
salinity,andlightintensities.Modeledbygrossproductivity,thetotal
productivityincludingenergyutilizedforrespirationbyproducers,and
netproductivity,theorganicmatterexcludingenergyutilizedby
respiration.Nppismeasuredbypartpermillimeter(ppm).Respiration
istheoppositeprocessofphotosynthesistowhereoxygenis
consumedtoproducecarbondioxideandwater.Whiledissolved
oxygenarethegasesofoxygentakeninbyabsorptionofH20.
Purpose
:Thepurposeofthislabistotestdifferentabioticfactors
impactonDOlevelsinvariouswatersamplesgiven.
Question
:Howdodifferentabioticfactorsimpactdissolvedoxygen
levelsinvariouswatersamples?
Hypothesis
:Asthetemperaturedecreases,theD.O.levelwill
increase,inthewater.Asthesalinityincreases,theD.O.levelwill
decrease,inthewater.Asthelightintensitydecreases,duetonolight
forphotosynthesis,theD.O.Levelwillalsodecrease
Variables
:

Independent
:Salinity,Temperature,pH
Dependent
:Dissolvedoxygen
Control
:lightsource,amountoflightentered(controlamountof
aluminumfoil)amountofwater
Constants
:typesofwaterused(saltwaterandfreshwater)
Safety
:Weargogglesatalltimes,wearglovesifyou'reworkingwith
thechemicals,pullhairback,washchemicalscompletelydownthe
drainwithwater(makesurethechemicalsarediluted),washallthe
differenttesttubes/anythingthechemicalswerein,wipecounters
downwithCloroxwipes,andwashhandsattheendofthe
experiment.
Materials
:Samplingbottles,saltwater,freshwater,aluminumfoil,
blackscreens,rubberbands,papertowels,differentchemicals,
gloves,andtheentirechemicalkit.
Procedure
:Seelabhandout
DataCharts
:Table1:Temperature/D.O.Data
Temperature LabGroup ClassMean LabGroup
DO
Data
DO
Saturation
%

ClassMean
DO%

20

________

6.4

_________ 65.5

14

________

6.1

_________ 69

Table2:Salinity/D.O.Data
Salinity

LabGroup
DO

ClassMean LabGroup
DO
%DO
Saturation

Class
Mean%DO
Saturation

6.6

6.45

72

70

32

4.6

53

61


Table3:Respiration

LabGroupData

ClassMeanData

InitialDO

6.8

6.1

DarkBottleDO

3.8

RespirationRate
(InitialDark)

2.8

2.3

Table4:LabGroupData
ProductivityofScreenWrappedSamples

%Light

DO(ppm)

Gross
Net
ClassMean
Productivity Productivity Data(GPP)

100%

7.3

3.3

.5

6.65

65%

6.4

2.4

.4

5.4

25%

5.8

1.8

5.2

10%

5.4

1.4

1.4

2%

4.4

0.4

2.4

6.6

Dark

3.5

1.5

3.3

Table5:ClassMeanData
ProductivityofScreenWrappedSamples

%Light

GrossProductivity

NetProductivity

100%

2.3

0.03

65%

0.9

1.4

25%

0.7

1.6

10%

0.5

1.7

2%

0.8

1.5

Graphs
:

DiscussionQuestions
:
1) Threewaystomeasureproductivityisbytemperature,salinity,
andlightintensity.
2) D.O.isusedasameasuretodeterminehowmuchcarbonis
assimilated.

3) Accordingtothetemperatureanddissolvedoxygendata,an
increasedtemperaturewillcauseanincreasedoxygenlevels.
4) Accordingtothedataofthesalinitysaturation,freshwaterwas
abletoholdmoreoxygenthansaltwaterwhichhadahigher
salinitythanthefreshwater.Ahighersalinitywillcausea
decreaseindissolvedoxygenlevels.

5)
a. At0lightintensitytherewillbenogrossproductivity.
b. At0lightintensitytherewillbenonetproductivity.

6)Mammalsusetheirlungstoinhaleandexhale.Thebasicstarts
withthetinysacscalledalveoli,theyhelpcarrybloodthroughoxygen
andthebloodstream.Insideasamammalbreathes,ittakesin
oxygen.Whenamammalexhalesitreleasedcarbondioxidetothe
environment.Fishusetheirgillstocollectoxygenfromwaterand
releasecarbondioxide.Theamountofoxygenthefishwouldreceive
dependsonthesaturationthereforeoxygenlevelsvaryinfreshwater
andsaltwater.

7)Theoxygenlevelsinthestreamwillbehigherbecauseofthe
commotionandflowinginofwater.Whilethelakecurrentsaresteady
comparedtothestream,oxygenlevelswillbelower.

8)TheDOlevelswouldincreaseat5pmbecausethereismore
accesstosunlightforphotosynthesistooccurunlikeat7amwhere
thereislessaccesstosunlightforphotosynthesisandcellular
respirationtooccur.

9.)Eutrophicationistheoverabundance,orlackofnutrientsthat
arisesinlakes,rivers,andstreams.Whichoftenoccursdueto
fertilizationfeedingnutrientstoalgae,andplanktonovercrowdingthe
watersource,calledalgalbloom.Thiscreatesashieldagainstother
plantshinderingtheprocessofphotosynthesis.Resultingtothe
decreaseofoxygen,andcreatingadeathzone.

10.)Initially,fishbowlAwillbebetteroff.FishbowlAwillhavemore
volume,aswellmoreoxygen.But,inthelongrunfishbowlBwillbe
betteroff,becausefishbowlBcanabsorboxygenfromtheair.

Conclusion
:
Basedonthedatafromourlabresults,ourhypothesisaboutthe
relationshipbetweentemperaturewasincorrect.Theyshoweda
directionallyproportionallyrelationshipasthetemperaturedecrease
thedissolvedoxygenalsodecreased.Coldwaterdissolvedmore
waterthanoxygen,asthetemperaturegoesup,waterevaporatesas
wellastheoxygengases.Thehypothesisabouttherelationshipof
salinityanddissolvedoxygenwascorrect.Ahighersalinitycontent
resultedinadecreaseofdissolvedoxygenlevels.Thereasonforthis
issalinityisaffectedwhenothersolutesareaddedcausingthe
oxygentodissolveunderpressure.Ourhypothesiswasalsocorrect
abouttherelationshipbetweenlightintensityanddissolvedoxygen
levels,theyshowedadirectlyproportionalrelationshipanincreasein
lightresultedinanincreaseofdissolvedoxygenlevels.Basedonthe
datafromtablefour,asthelightintensitydecreased,theDOlevels
alsodecreased.Asmorelightincreaseditisagreaterchancefor
photosynthesisaswellascellularrespirationtooccurcausingtheDO
levelstoincreasewhenlightisadded.Dissolvedoxygenlevels

increasealongwiththedepthtolakeduetochangesin
photosynthesisandcellularrespiration.
Twopossibleerrorsthatcouldhaveoccurredwhileperformingthis
experimentwasthatwecouldhaveaccidentallyusedthesaltwater,
insteadoffreshwater.Wecouldhavelabeleditwrong.Thatwould
havebeensomethingterribletomessupon,becauseallofour
informationwouldhavebeenwrong.Andbackwardswitheachother.
Another,possibleerroristhatwecouldhaveaccidentallyputthe
wrongchemicalsintothetubesofdifferentwaters.Ifthatwasto
happenwewouldhavehadtoprobablystarttheexperimentallover
again.Thankfully,noneofthosetwopossibleerrorsoccurred,andour
labwassuccessful.

References
:
"pHinLakes"WashingtonStateDepartmentofEcology,
Accessed:September1,2015
<
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/plants/management/joysmanual/
ph.html>

ShmoopEditorialTeam"AnimalRespirationShmoopBiology".
Shmoop.com.ShmoopUniversity,Inc.11,Nov.200831,Aug.2015
<http://www.shmoop.com/animalmovement/animalrespiration.html>

"WhatIsEutrophication?Definition,Causes&Effects."
Study.com
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BBB,2013.Web.01September2015
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http://study.com/academy/lesson/whatiseutrophicationdefinitioncau
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Web.02September2015

http://www.freedrinkingwater.com/water_quality/waterscience/j908d
oessaltconcentrationsalinitywateraffectsolubilityoxygen.htm

APBiologyTextbook:Campbell,NeilA"APBiologyEighthEdition"
BenjaminCummingsCalifornia,2007