"States Rethinking Drug Testing For Welfare Or Unemployment.

" Alcoholism & Drug

Abuse Weekly 25.43 (2013): 5-6. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Oct. 2015.
The different laws that have been enacted around the US to drug test welfare
recipients. Instead of a costly expenditure by drug testing everyone welfare
recipients, some states are drug testing people they believe to be suspicious
of drug use. Other states have gone a different approach, they ban
unemployment benefits for people who fail drug test when they are given.
The author describes different solutions in this article helps find a happy
medium for people who are against this and for it. The article relates to other
articles because it explains how costly drug testing is for the little amount of
money we save from taking people off welfare.
Cunha, Darlena. "Why Drug Testing Welfare Recipients Is A Waste Of Taxpayer
Money." Time.Com (2014): 1. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Oct. 2015
Taxpayer are tired of seeing their money being wasted. However, throughout
the article the author give a story of a woman and her family were taxpayers
for 45 years and then her husband lost his job two weeks before having
twins. She had to apply for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).
The author also continues to give different examples of people who are on
welfare, and as to why they started using welfare. This article gives readers a
different perspective on what it means to be a welfare recipient. The article
also explains the difference of cost of drug testing people versus the number
of people doing drugs.
Covert, Bryce, and Josh Israel. "What 7 States Discovered After Spending More Than
$1 Million Drug Testing Welfare Recipients." ThinkProgress What 7 States
Discovered After Spending More Than 1 Million Drug Testing Welfare
Recipients Comments. Think Progress;Center for American Progress Action
Fund, 26 Feb. 2015. Web. 4 Oct. 2015
Does drug testing welfare applicants work? Elizabeth Lower-Basch, a policy
coordinator for a non-profit, explains it would be hard for people to apply to
welfare and for those who are on welfare to admit they have a problem. The
overall stigma of drug testing welfare recipients is negative. However, a
positive way to turn it around is by making it a part of their work assessment.
Covert goes into more of an emotional aspect while the other articles are
more political. This article goes more into depth about the cost from different
states. They choose states that are middle class, expensive to live in, and not
so expensive to live in.
Vereen, Endia. Wurman, Ilan. "Unconstitutional Conditions and Drug Testing Welfare
Recipients." JURIST -. 13 Mar. 2013. Web. 5 Oct. 2015
Drug testing welfare recipients is unconstitutional under the fourth
amendment. The doctrine offers a benefit that it is "permitted but not
compelled to provide. Such as direct subsidies or exemptions from

regulation or taxation. Conditioned on the recipient of the benefit performing

or foregoing an activity which he has autonomous choice to participate in and
which "a preferred constitutional right normally protects from government
interference.
Vereen goes into detail about why drug testing is unconstitutional, and as to
which laws it falls under. The author also explains the different cases who
have used this law wrongly. This article is very different from other article
because it focuses on one point and proves that one point.

"Drug Testing." Current Issues: Macmillian Social Science Library. New York:
Macmillan Reference USA, 2003. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 4 Oct.
2015.
The proper procedure for drug testing can be administered a variety of way.
There are different types of drug testing and helps determine the accuracy
and cost effectiveness. Drug testing is expensive but one test is a cheaper
and not as accurate route.
The article is helpful in giving an understanding as to why drug testing is
expensive and the process of how it works. This article was also written in
2003, so we are able to see the advances from back to how drug testing is
implemented now.
Pros and Cons of Drug Testing Welfare Recipients - HRFnd." HRFnd. 14 Feb. 2014.
Web. 20 Nov. 2015.
The Pros and Cons of drug testing welfare vary on the person beliefs. The
Pros would be saving money and an incentive for lower socioeconomic
classes to stay off drugs while the Cons are wasting money, not being able to
help needy children if their parent are stopping them from getting help, and
discrimination against the poor. The cons definitely out way the poor.
This is the first article I have found that is stating an emotional, physical, and
social reasons as to why drug testing welfare recipients should not be
permitted.

Dolan, Kate, David Rouen, and Jo Kimber. "An Overview Of The Use Of Urine, Hair,
Sweat And Saliva To Detect Drug Use." Drug & Alcohol Review 23.2 (2004):
213-217. Academic Search Premier. Web. 18 Nov. 2015.
There are a variety of different methods used for drug testing; urine, hair,
saliva, and sweat. Point of collection and immunoassay are the two ways to
screen for drugs; immunoassay is the most common way. The sensitivity of
each drug test is set to the lowest concentration to detect drugs and it takes
environmental factors into account.

Drug test administering is very important on which way is used because of

cost and reliability of the test. Drug test are not always accurate, they can
show false-positives, at times.
AMUNDSON, KALYNN, ANNA M. ZAJICEK, and VALERIE H. HUNT. "Pathologies Of The
Poor: What Do The War On Drugs And Welfare Reform Have In
Common?." Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare 41.1 (2014): 528. Academic Search Premier. Web. 18 Nov. 2015
The war on drugs has become the war on the poor with people wanting to
drug test welfare recipients. A blurred line is appears further between drugs
and welfare because in section 115 of Personal Responsibility and Work
Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA). The war on drugs rhetoric
act goes into detail about the punishment of using drugs.
A few other article have mentioned the socioeconomic status that drug
testing can have on the poor. The poor consist of a variety of people who are
not all drug users and the population of America needs to see that.
CORMAN, HOPE, et al. "Effects Of Welfare Reform On Illicit Drug Use Of Adult
Women." Economic Inquiry 51.1 (2013): 653-674. Academic Search Premier.
Web. 19 Nov. 2015.
Welfare reform did not officially start taking place until the early 90s when
the Clinton administration took over. The welfare program was originally to be
a five year lifetime benefits, allowing the states to shorten the time if they
wanted to. Studies have been explored to try and discover the effects that
drugs have on welfare participants.
The article explains how welfare came about and give a definition of the
different types of welfare. It goes into depth on comparing and contrasting
welfare participants and drug use.
Lewis, David C. "Drug Testing: The Downside Of A Good Technology." DATA: The
Brown University Digest Of Addiction Theory & Application 18.10 (1999):
8. Academic Search Premier. Web. 18 Nov. 2015.
Drug testing used to beneficial for emergency medical care, but has
advanced further within the last decade. Drug testing is more of an insidious
growth that is intruding its way into individual lives. Some people believe and
claim that drug testing can produce false positives and if that in the end it is
a big waste of money.
The article is claiming that drug testing was only for medical use, but with its
involvement within the past few years it is intruding into places it does not
belong. The article is one of none that give the personal opinion of how drug
testing is toxic to the world.

Evaluation of Sources.
Dolan, Kate, David Rouen, and Jo Kimber. "An Overview Of The Use Of Urine, Hair,
Sweat And Saliva To Detect Drug Use." Drug & Alcohol Review 23.2 (2004): 213217. Academic Search Premier. Web. 18 Nov. 2015.
1. The article is relevant to my topic because it will give the readers an
understanding of how drug test are administered. I can have a better
understanding as to why drug testing cost so much and as to if there are
cheaper methods being explored. The different types of methods that are
being used today compared to the past.
2. The source is very accurate because of the 26 references cited within the
article. The references are from PhD holders. The author is presenting facts,
not opinions.
3. The article is over 5 years old. This effects its relevancy because times are
continuously changing and evolving. So far, the information is relevant to
todays times.
4. Dolan, David, and Kimber all study at the national drug and research center
of New South Whales University. Dolan holds a PhD. David and Kimber are her
correspondence at the research institution.
5. The purpose of the article is to inform people about the process of drug
testing. The article is viewed in second person. The intended audiences is for
researchers. The article presents facts and data.
6. I would rate a 2. The sources is clearly presented and gives a great amount of
information. However, the relevancy is not that close. The article was
published over a decade ago.
AMUNDSON, KALYNN, ANNA M. ZAJICEK, and VALERIE H. HUNT. "Pathologies Of
The Poor: What Do The War On Drugs And Welfare Reform Have In
Common?." Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare 41.1 (2014): 5-28. Academic
Search Premier. Web. 18 Nov. 2015

1. The article is relevant to my topic because it explains the social effects drugs
have on welfare recipients. The article does not particularly refute my topic
but catches small points within it. The article goes into depth about how
todays social class automatically classifies welfare recipients as drug users.
2. The source is accurate because facts are referenced from ten to twenty years
ago. The author gives page numbers and dates as to when all the information
came about.
3. The source is almost two years old. I would count this as up to date, but with
how advance the world is coming more research shall be coming out soon. In
the article though, the author is referencing information from the 70s to 90s.
4. Two of the authors are in the Public Policy PhD program at the University of
Arkansas. The other author is part of the Department of Sociology at the
University of Arkansas.
5. The purpose of the article is to inform the audience as to why we
automatically think of welfare recipients as drug users. The author gives
information as to why they are not and who the main drug users are within
the country.
6. I would give this article a 3. It comes from a different stand point as to why
welfare recipients should not be tested for drugs.

CORMAN, HOPE, et al. "Effects Of Welfare Reform On Illicit Drug Use Of Adult
Women." Economic Inquiry 51.1 (2013): 653-674. Academic Search Premier. Web.
19 Nov. 2015.
1. The article unmarried women with children and do not hold a high school
diploma are susceptible to being drug tested. The reasoning for this is
because they will need welfare more than anyone else and with how society
has been the past few decades, everyone believes welfare recipients are on
drugs.
2. The authors employ a quasi-experimental research to discover the different
types of drugs unmarried women with children use. A formula was created to
for a comparison and target group. The data was relevantly close to one
another.
3. The date the source was published was in 2013. However, some of the data
that is within the Journal is from the early 90s. This data could potentially the
only up to date data as to which the author was researching. That is hard to
believe because of how advance our world is becoming
4. Corman: works for the Department of Economics at Rider University,
Lawrenceville in NJ. Dave works for the Department of Economics at Bentley
University in Waltham, MA. Das works for the National University of Singapore
an Asia Research Institute. Reichman works for the Department of Pediatrics
at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School in New Brunswick, NJ.
5. The point of the article is to inform readers over the changes in welfare policy
across states and over time and comparing relevant population subgroups
within an econometric difference-in-differences framework. The article is
aiming to inform the audience about to different economic groups that are

being affected. The intended audience is for more of the research/collegiate

group.
6. I would rate this article a four out five. The reason for this is because of how
much information is presented to me. The author goes into depth about the
different types of socioeconomic standards that people consider to be using
illicit drugs.
Lewis, David C. "Drug Testing: The Downside Of A Good Technology." DATA: The
Brown University Digest Of Addiction Theory & Application 18.10 (1999): 8.
Academic Search Premier. Web. 18 Nov. 2015.
1. The article is relevant my topic because is specifically talks about certain
states wanting to drug test welfare recipients. The states will take away the
benefits of welfare recipients if they refuse to get drug tested. What makes
this article different from the others is the author was writing about
emergency medicine when he came across the idea that drugs are making an
intrusion into individual privacy and dignity.
2. The article is written on biased statement. The author specifically says I am
writing about drug testing as an issue, not because of its useful features,
but because of its insidious growth into areas that present a marked intrusion
into individual privacy and dignity; because of its unfairness due to false
positive tests; and because it may be a full-fledged waste of money. The
author specifically gives his own opinion.
3. The article was written within in 1999. It is over fifteen year olds, but I believe
it is still a good source because of how the author came across the idea of
welfare recipients being drug tested. It also reflects that drugs on welfare
recipients has been going on for a while now.
4. The data came from Browns University Digest of Addiction Theory &
Application is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. I am assuming the
author works for them because he previously mentions in the article that he
was writing a chapter for his book.
5. The purpose of the article is to inform and somewhat persuade the reader.
The author is presenting factual information. However, the way it is worded is
in a biased form and the audience can feel the emotion behind the authors
words.
6. I would give the article a 4 because of how the author came about the
information. Today drug testing welfare recipients is finally hitting national
news. However in 1999 people were thinking this and voicing their opinions
threw journals and article and they are just now being heard.