TOEFL

Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.

TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) una prova di esame che misura le c
apacit linguistiche di studenti che non sono di madrelingua inglese.
richiesto principalmente da college e universit in cui i corsi si svolgono in lin
gua inglese, ma anche da agenzie governative e aziende per programmi di scambio
o concessione di borse di studio.Indice [nascondi]
Tipi d'esame
Ci sono attualmente tre versioni del test:
PBT (Paper Based Test)
CB (Computer Based Test)
iBT (Internet Based test).
Attualmente la pi richiesta e la pi utilizzata l'iBT version.
Reading
Consiste nella lettura di tre passaggi lunghi ciascuno dalle 600 alle 700 parole
, seguiti da relative domande a risposta chiusa. I passaggi sono su argomenti ac
cademici e materiale che si pu trovare in libri universitari.
Gli studenti devono rispondere a domande riguardanti:
Stated detail
Inferences
Sentence insertion
Vocabulary
Overall ideas
In totale ci sono 39 domande. La sessione dura 60 minuti.
Listening
Consiste nell'ascolto di sei lunghi passaggi e da relative domande a risposta ch
iusa. I passaggi consistono in due conversazioni tra studenti e quattro letture
e poi discussioni su argomenti accademici.
Gli studenti devono determinare quali sono i dettagli principali.
In totale ci sono 34 domande. La sessione dura 60 minuti.
Speaking
Testa la capacit verbale linguistica dello studente oltre a testare il grado di c
omprensione delle varie letture o conversazioni.
divisa in due parti:
Independent Task che consiste nell' argomentare e rispondere a 2 domande che rig
uardano affari personali
Integrated Task che consiste nel leggere, ascoltare e argomentare (esprimendo la
propria idea) due passaggi e successivamente nel leggere, ascoltare e argomenta
re altri due lunghi passaggi dando informazioni riguardo a questi.
In totale ci sono 6 domande. La sessione dura 20 minuti.
Writing

Testa l'abilit di scrittura dello studente oltre che all'abilit di comprendere let
ture e ascolti e di comparare i due.
anche questa divisa in due parti.
Independet Task che consiste nell'esprimere una personale opinione riguardo un d
eterminato argomento o esperienza.
Integrated Task che consiste nel leggere e ascoltare un passaggio accademico e s
piegare scrivendo come i due testi, sia quello letto che quello ascoltato, sono
correlati tra loro.
In totale ci sono 2 domande. La sessione dura in totale 60 Minuti.
============
TOEFL
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Test of English as a Foreign Language (or TOEFL, pronounced "toe-full") eval
uates the potential success of an individual to use and understand academic Engl
ish at a college level. It is required for non-native applicants at many English
-speaking colleges and universities. Additionally, institutions such as governme
nt agencies, businesses, or scholarship programs may require this test. A TOEFL
score is valid for two years and then is deleted from the official database. Col
leges and universities usually consider only the most recent TOEFL score.
The TOEFL test is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS) an
d is administered worldwide. The test was first administered in 1964 and has sin
ce been taken by nearly 20 million students.Contents [hide]
Formats and contents
Internet-Based Test
Since its introduction in late 2005, the Internet-Based test (iBT) has progressi
vely replaced both the computer-based (CBT) and paper-based (PBT) tests. The iBT
has been introduced in phases, with the United States, Canada, France, Germany,
and Italy in 2005 and the rest of the world in 2006, with test centers added re
gularly.
Although the demand for test seats was very high, and candidates had to wait for
months, it is now possible to take the test within one to four weeks in most co
untries.[1] The four-hour test consists of four sections, each measuring mainly
one of the basic language skills (although some tasks may require multiple skill
s) focusing on language used in an academic, higher-education environment. Notetaking is allowed during the iBT. The test cannot be taken more than once a week
.
Reading
The reading section consists of 3 5 long passages and questions about the passages
. The passages are on academic topics; they are the kind of material that might
be found in an undergraduate university textbook. Students answer questions abou
t main ideas, details, inferences, sentence restatements, sentence insertion, vo
cabulary, function and overall ideas. New types of questions in the iBT require
paraphrasing, filling out tables, or completing summaries. Generally prior knowl
edge of the subject under discussion is not necessary to come to the correct ans
wer, though prior knowledge may help.
Listening
It consists of six long passages and questions about the passages. The passages
consist of two student conversations and four academic lectures or discussions.

The questions ask the students to determine main ideas, details, function, stanc
e, inferences, and overall organization.
Speaking
It consists of six tasks (two independent tasks and four integrated tasks). In t
he two independent tasks, students must answer opinion questions about some aspe
ct of academic life. In two integrated reading, listening, and speaking tasks, s
tudents must read a passage, listen to a passage, and speak about how the ideas
in the two passages are related. In two integrated listening and speaking tasks,
students must listen to long passages and then summarize and offer opinions on
the information in the passages. Test takers are expected to convey information,
explain ideas, and defend opinions clearly, coherently, and accurately.
Writing
The Writing Section consists of two tasks, one integrated task and one independe
nt task. In the integrated task, students must read an academic passage, listen
to an academic passage, and write about how the ideas in the two passages are re
lated. In the independent task, students must write a personal essay.Task
iBT
Approx. time
READING 3 passages and 39 questions
60 minutes
LISTENING
6 passages and 34 questions
50 minutes
SPEAKING
6 tasks and 6 questions 20 minutes
WRITING 2 tasks and 2 questions 55 minutes
It should be noted that at least one of the sections of the test will include ex
tra, uncounted material. Educational Testing Service includes extra material to
try out material for future tests. If the test taker is given a longer section,
he must work hard on all of the materials because he does not know which materia
l counts and which material is extra. For example, if there are four reading pas
sages instead of three, three of the passages will count and one of the passages
will not be counted. It is possible that the uncounted passage could be any of
the four passages.
(Detailed descriptions and samples are available at the official website.)
Paper-Based Test
In areas where the iBT and CBT are not available, a paper-based test (PBT) is gi
ven. Because test takers cannot register at the testing center on the test date,
they must register in advance using the registration form provided in the Suppl
emental Paper TOEFL Bulletin. They should register in advance of the given deadl
ines to ensure a place because the test centers have limited seating and may fil
l up early. Tests are administered only several times each year.
The PBT tests essentially the same skills as the CBT, albeit with some differenc
es, noticeably the number of questions (which is higher in the PBT) and the scor
e scales. The test lasts 4 hours more or less. Students can take the test as man
y times as they wish. However, colleges and universities usually consider only t
he most recent score.
Listening (30 40 minutes)
It consists of three parts. The first one contains 30 questions about short conv
ersations. The second part has 8 questions about longer conversations. The last
part asks 12 questions about lectures or talks.
Structure and Written Expression (25 minutes)
This part has 15 exercises of completing sentences correctly and 25 exercises of
identifying errors.
Reading Comprehension (55 minutes)
It has 50 questions about reading passages.
Writing (30 minutes)
One essay with 250-300 words in average.

Test Scores
Internet-Based Test
The iBT version of the TOEFL test is scored on a scale of 0 to 120 points.
Each of the four sections (Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing) receives a
scaled score from 0 to 30. The scaled scores from the four sections are added t
ogether to determine the overall score.
Speaking is initially given a score of 0 to 4, and writing is initially given a
score of 0 to 5. These scores are converted to scaled scores of 0 to 30.
Computer-Based Test
Three subscores are obtained, each of which is given on a 0 30 scale: Listening, S
tructure/Writing (combined), and Reading. These subscores are averaged to obtain
the final score, which is on a 0 300 scale.
The score for Writing is a component of the score for the Structure Section. Eve
n though the college or university where the test taker applied did not require
a score for Writing, the test taker had to write the essay to complete the test.
The Writing test is scored on a scale from 0 to 6. A score of 6 showed strong wr
iting abilities, 5 average writing abilities, and 4 minimal writing abilities. A
score of 3, 2 or 1 showed a lack of writing technique. The essay was read by tw
o testing evaluators. Each one gave the essay a score. The two scores are averag
ed to produce the final Writing scores. If the evaluators were more than 1 point
different in their assessment, a third evaluator scored the essay.
Paper-Based Test
The final PBT score ranges between 310 and 677 and is based on three subscores:
Listening (31 68), Structure (31 68), and Reading (31 67). Unlike the CBT, the score o
f the Writing section (referred to as the Test of Written English, TWE) is not p
art of the final score; instead, it is reported separately on a scale of 0 6.
The score test takers receive on the Listening, Structure and Reading parts of t
he TOEFL test is not the percentage of correct answers. The score is converted t
o take into account the fact that some tests are more difficult than others. The
converted scores correct these differences. Therefore, the converted score is a
more accurate reflection of the ability than the correct answer score is.
Most colleges use your TOEFL scores as only one factor in their admission proces
s. A sampling of required TOEFL admissions scores shows that a total score of 74
.2 for undergraduate admissions and 82.6 for graduate admissions may be required
. It is recommended that students check with their prospective institutions dire
ctly to understand TOEFL admissions requirements.[2]
ETS has released tables to convert between iBT, CBT and PBT scores.
Registration
The first step in the registration process is to obtain a copy of
rmation Bulletin. This bulletin can be obtained by downloading it
from the TOEFL website.
From the bulletin, it is possible to determine when and where the
the TOEFL test will be given.
Procedures for completing the registration form and submitting it
the TOEFL Information Bulletin. These procedures must be followed

the TOEFL Info

or ordering it
iBT version of
are listed in
exactly.