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ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITCNICA DE CHIMBORAZO

LANGUAGE CENTER
ENGLISH
NAME: DINA MONTERO
TOPIC: PREFIXES

AND

SUFFIXES

PREFIXES
PREFIXES

AND

SUFFIXES

AND SUFFIXES ARE LETTERS OR GROUPS OF LETTERS THAT ARE ADDED TO

THE BEGINNING OF A WORD

(PREFIX)

/ OR FUNCTION
ROOTS. UNDERSTANDING

OR END OF A WORD

MANY

(SUFFIX)

TO CHANGE THE

MEANING AND

OF THE WORD.

LATIN

THE DIFFERENT MEANINGS OF PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES HAVE

CAN HELP YOU DETERMINE THE MEANING OF NEW WORDS WE MEET.

PREFIXES
THE

PREFIXES ARE ATTACHED TO THE BEGINNING OF A WORD TO CHANGE ITS

MEANING.

EXAMPLE:

MORAL

MODERN
WRAP

AMORAL (MORAL

AMORAL)

POSTMODERN (MODERNO

UNWRAP (ENVOLVER

POSTMODERNO)

DESENVOLVER)

THE PREFIX CO
MEANS COMPANY, CO-AUTHORED. USUALLY ACCOMPANIED SCRIPT:
EXAMPLE:
STARRING/CO-STARRING=PROTAGONISTA/COPROTAGONISTA,ESTRELLAS/CO...
PRODUCER/CO-PRODUCER = PRODUCTOR/COPRODUCTOR
THE PREFIX EX
PREFIX REFERS TO SOMETHING OLD, ABOVE. USUALLY
EXAMPLE:
BOYFRIEND/EX-BOYFRIEND=NOVIO/EXNOVIO
WIFE/EX WIFE = ESPOSA/EX ESPOSA
THE PREFIX MIS
DO SOMETHING WRONG,
UNSCRIPTED VERBS:

WRONG, WRONG, WRONG.

IT IS FOLLOWED BY A HYPHEN.

USUALLY

ACCOMPANIED

EXAMPLE:
PRINT/MISPRINT = IMPRIMIR/COMETER ERRATA
REPRESENT/MISREPRESENT = REPRESENTAR/FALSIFICAR
THE PREFIX BIO
EXAMPLE:
DIVERSITY/BIODIVERSITY = DIVERSIDAD/BIODIVERSIDAD
CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY = QUMICA/BIOQUMICA
WEPONS/BIOWEPONS = ARMAS/ARMAS BIOLGICAS
THE PREFIX SUB
THE SUB CODE MEANS BENEATH, BASS. IT HAS
EXAMPLE:
WAY/SUBWAY = VA/VA SUBTERRNEA
MARINE/SUBMARINE = MARINO/SUBMARINE

THE SAME MEANING AS

UNDER

PREFIX:

THE
ACTS

PREFIX IN
POSITIVELY INCREASING ACCOMPANYING NOUN, IT MEANS PUTTING IN STATUS (IN
THE DIRECTION indicated BY THE NOUN):
EXAMPLE:
LARGE/ENLARGE = GRANDE/AGRANDAR
DANGER/ENDANGER = PELIGRO/PONER EN PELIGRO

THE PREFIX RE
RE MEANS AGAIN, RETURN

OR REPETITION OF AN ACTION.
ACCOMPANYING VERBS AND CAN BE JOINED BY A HYPHEN:
EXAMPLE:

RE

PRESENTS

come/recome = venir/volver
direct/redirect = directo/redireccionado

THE PREFIX DIS


THE PREFIX DIS IS
EXAMPLE:

A DENIAL THAT OFTEN ACCOMPANIES NOUNS. IT MEANS DES, IN:

infectant/disinfectants = infectante/desinfectante
arm/disarms = armado/desarmado

THE PREFIX OVER


OVER IT MEANS ON,
EXAMPLE:

TOO, EXCESSIVE, OVER:

charge/overcharge = carga/sobrecarga
time/overtime = tiempo,vez/horas extras, sobre tiempo

THE PREFIX UNDER


THE UNDER PREFIX SUB
PREFIX SUB:

MEANS, GIVE LESS, LOW. IT HAS THE SAME MEANING AS THE

EXAMPLE:
developed/underdeveloped = desarrollado/subdesarrollado
production/underproduction = produccin/subproduccin

THE

PREFIX II
IL IS TRANSLATED DENIAL ILE TYPE:
EXAMPLE:
legitimate/illegitimate = legtimo/ilegtimo
legal/illegal = legal/illegal

THE PREFIX UN
THE TYPE CODE IS A CAUSE DENIAL CONTRARY TO THAT INDICATED BY THE ROOT
THE WORD. IT MEANS IN, ANTI SHORTLY. IT APPLIES TO ADJECTIVES, NOUNS AND
VERBS:
EXAMPLE:
faithful/unfaithful = fiel/infiel
happy/unHappy = feliz/infeliz
equal/unequal = igual/desigual

THE PREFIX MULTI


MULTIPLICITY PREFIX TYPE. IT
EXAMPLE:

MEANS MULTI.

faith/multi-faith = f/f pluralista


ethnic/multi-ethnic = tnico/multi-tnico

THE PREFIX PRE


THE PRE PREFIX PRECEDES
EXAMPLE:

NOUNS AND MEANS BEFORE, BEFORE

historic/prehistoric = histrico/prehistrico
marital/premarial = matrimonial/prematrimonial

THE PREFIX TO
THE PREFIX = TO,
EXAMPLE:

EVEN TO

medic/paramedic = mdico/paramdico
tifoide/paratifoide = tiroide/paratiroide

THE PREFIX ANTI


THE PREFIX ANTI =
EXAMPLE:

AGAINST.

USUALLY APPEARS HYPHENATED

perspirant/antiperspirant = transpirante/antitranspirante
wrinkle/anti-wrinkle = arruga/antiarruga

THE

PREFIX IM
IM NEGATION PREFIX WHICH MEANS THE OPPOSITE, WITHOUT, IN:

OF

EXAMPLE:
material/immaterial = material/inmaterial
possible/impossible = posible/imposible

THE PREFIX SEMI


SEMI PREFIX SEMI DENIAL
EXAMPLE:

AND PARTIAL RESULTS INDICATED.

final/semifinal = final/semifinal
circle/semicircle = crculo/semcirculo

THE

THE

SUFFIXES

SUFFIXES ARE APPENDED TO THE END OF A WORD TO CREATE A NEW WORD, OR

TO CHANGE THE FUNCTION OF THE WORD.

FOR

EXAMPLE, VERBS CAN BE MODIFIED TO

BECOME ADJECTIVES OR NOUNS BY ADDING A SUFFIX.

EXAMPLE:

NOUN SUFFIX
MAINTAIN [V.] - MAINTANENCE [N.] (MANTENER - MANTENIMIENTO)
VERB SUFFIX
BRIGHT [ADJ.] - BRIGHTEN [V.] (BRILLANTE - ILUMINAR)
ADJECTIVE SUFFIX
ENJOY [V.] - ENJOYABLE [ADJ.] (DISFRUTAR - AGRADABLE)
ABLE SUFFIX
SUFFIX FORMING ADJECTIVES
MEANS ABLE, IBLE:
EXAMPLE:

FROM VERBS. IT DOES NOT APPLY TO SUBSTANTIVE. IT

to drink/drinkable = beber/bebible
to reason/reasonable = razonar/rasonable

SUFFIX FUL
THE FUL SUFFIX IS ADDED
DHS, GONE, BEAR:
EXAMPLE:

TO NOUNS TO FORM NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES. ADA MEAN,

wonder/wonderful = maravilla/maravilloso
color/colorful = color/colorido

THE SUFFIXES ESS AND INE


ESS AND INE SUFFIX FOR CHANGING
MASCULINE NOUN TO WOMEN:
EXAMPLE:

THE GENDER (MALE

poet/poetess = poeta/ poetisa


emperor/empress = emperador/emperatriz

SUFFIX MENT

FEMALE).

BOTH

MAKE A

ENGLISH USE THE SUFFIX MENT TO CONVERT SOME VERBS INTO NOUNS. MAKING
THE SPANISH LANGUAGE OR EXTENSION, ING, MENTO IS OBTAINED
EXAMPLE:

IN

to move/movement = mover/movimiento
to enlarge/enlargement = agrandar/agrandamiento

SUFFIX NESS
WITH THE SUFFIX

NESS WE TURN ADJECTIVES INTO NOUNS. BUT IF THE ADJECTIVE


ENDS AND THIS IS CHANGED BY I BEFORE BEING ADDED SUFFIX. IT MEANS DAD, EZA
EXAMPLE:

Sick/sickness = enfermo/enfermedad
Dark/darkness = oscuro/oscuridad

SUFFIX ANCE
THE SUFFIX ANCE

IS USED TO CONVERT ENGLISH VERBS TO NOUNS. IF THE VERBS


ENDING IN E AND FOR A CHANGE THE SUFFIX TO REMAIN UNCHANGED. MEAN ANCE,
ENCE, TION.
EXAMPLE:

to guide/guidance = guiar/gua
to insure/Insurance = asegurar/seguro

SUFFIX Y
THE SUFFIX

IS USED IN ENGLISH WITH 3 PURPOSES: IT IS ADDED TO NOUNS AND


ADJECTIVES TO BECOME LIKENESS OR VOICE TO INDICATE ABUNDANCE. AND IF A NOUN
ENDS AT AND CONVERTS AND SIMPLY AND. IT MEANS ADO, BEAR AND RARELY RELIABLE
MEANS; USED FOR THE DISMINUTIVO, TO THE EFFECT IF IT ENDS IN A CONSONANT THIS
IS REPEATED. IT MEANS ITO, ITA.

SUFFIX LY
THIS SUFFIX ENABLES TRANFORMAR A QUALIFYING ADJECTIVE OR A NOUN IN AN
ADVERB, MEANING ADDING THE MIND. ADJECTIVES IN HIM AND BY SIMPLY CHANGING
AND; THOSE ENDING IN LY, CONVERT AND L I IS ADDED; ENDING IN UE TO CHANGE THE
E IN L; LL THE TERMINATED AND ONLY ADDED; UE FINISHED IN AND BY CHANGING LY.
EXAMPLE:
bad/badly = malo/malamente
open/openly = abierto/abiertamente
water/watery = agua/acuoso
anger/angry = enojo/enojado

SUFFIX OUS
OUS SUFFIX, WHICH

MEANS BEAR, BEAR TRANSFORM IT INTO AN ADJECTIVE AND A


NOUN ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURE:
NOUNS IN R JUST ADD OUS; AND THE CHANGE AND TERMINATED BY OUS; FINISHED IN
CHANGING IT ADDS I OUS, THE NOUN ENDING IN OR ADD US, FINISHED IN ON
ELIMINATES THE NY IS REPLACED BY US.
EXAMPLE:

danger/dangerous = peligro/peligroso
fury/furious = furia/furioso

CAL SUFFIX
BECOMES SUBSTANTIVE. ADJECTIVES. NOUNS ENDING IN C ONLY ADDED TO. IT MEANS
ICO, ICA
EXAMPLE:

alphabet/alphabetical = alfabeto/alfabtico(ica)
medic/meical = mdico/mdico (a)

SUFFIX SHIP
ADDING THE SUFFIX

SHIP TO GET AN ADJECTIVE AND A NOUN GETS DERIVE NOUNS


FROM NOUNS AND VERBS. IT IS USED IN A VERY WIDE WAY TO DENOTE: ABSTRACT
QUALITIES, ART OR SKILL, DIGNITY, OFFICE, OFFICE, OR TITLE, THE DURATION OF
ACTION, AND USUALLY MEANS TION, ED.
EXAMPLE:

citizen/citizenship = ciudadano/ciudadana
dictator/dictatorship = dictador/dictadura

LESS SUFFIX
THIS SUFFIX GIVES

US THE ABILITY TO ALTER SUBSTANTIVE FOR ADJECTIVES. IT IS VERY


USEFUL WHEN DEALING WITH COMPARATIVE. IT IS A DENIAL AND TYPE SUFFIX MEANING
NO.
EXAMPLE:

worth/worthless = til/intil
hoe/hopeless = esperanza/sin esperanza

SUFFIX TION
THE SUFFIX WHICH

MEANS TION TION, OR, TRANSFORMS VERBS INTO NOUNS,


ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING GUIDELINES:
VERBS ENDING IN THE CONSONANTS T, SIMPLY ADD ION; VERBS FINISHED TIE, UTE,
ELIMINATE EY ADDED ION; VERBS ENDING IN THE VOWEL AND NOT PART OF TIE / UTE,
AND BY CHANGING THEM TO AND ADDS TION.
EXAMPLE:

to educate/education = educar/educacin
to pollute/pollution = contaminar/contaminacion

SUFFIX TH
TH ADDED TO

CARDINAL NUMBERS CAN GET ORDINAL NUMBERS.


VERBS GIVES IT A SENSE POTIVO.
EXAMPLE:

AND

ADDED TO

five/fifth = cinco/quinto
ten/tenth = diez/dcimo

SUFFIX ISH
ISH SUFFIX IS
ATTENUATION.

ADDED TO NOUNS TO FORM ADJECTIVES AND SO INDICATE SIMILARITY OR

IF

THE NOUN ENDS IN E CHANGES AND YOU CAN ADD BY I SH. IF THE NOUN ENDS IN
AND RETAIN AND ADD ISH. IF THE NOUN ENDS IN A CONSONANT IT IS SIMPLY ADDS ISH
FOR THE ADJECTIVE.
EXAMPLE:

woman/womanish = mujer/como mujer, mujeril


boy/boyish = nio/como nio

SUFFIX HOOD
WHEN WE ADD THE
NOUN.
EXAMPLE:

SUFFIX HOOD TO A CONCRETE NOUN WE OBTAIN AN ABSTRACT

mother/motherhood = madre/maternidad
likeli/likelihood = probable/probabilida
Bibliography
http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/prefix_suffix.php

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