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2.5

Warm-up
Solve each equation
1. 6x + 2 = -3x - 16
-2

2. -4(x - 8) = -16

3. Solve P = 2x + 2 w for w

12
w = P- 2x
2

2.5

Today we will use algebraic

properties in logical arguments.

Algebraic Properties of Equality

Let a, b and c be real numbers.
1. Addition Property

If a = b, then a + c = b + c

2. Subtraction Property

If a = b, then a - c = b - c

3. Multiplication Property
4. Division Property
5. Substitution Property

If a = b, then ac = bc
If a = b and c 0 then a/c = b/c
If a = b, then a can be substituted for b
in any equation or expression.

Two Column Proof

Statement

Reason

Write reasons for each step

Solve 2x + 5 = 20 - 3x. Write a reason for each step.
Statement

Reason

1. 2x + 5 = 20 - 3x

1. Given

2. 2x + 5 = 20 - 3x
+3x
+3x

2. Addition Property Equality

3. 5x + 5 = 20
-5 -5

3. Subtraction Property Equality

4. 5x = 15
5
5

4. Division Property Equality

5. x = 3

5. Conclusion

Write reasons for each step

Solve 3x + 8 = -4x -34. Write a reason for each step.
Statement

Reason

1. 3x + 8 = -4x -34

1. Given

2. 3x + 8 = -4x -34
+4x
+4x

2. Addition Property Equality

3. 7x + 8 = -34
-8 -8

3. Subtraction Property Equality

4. 7x = -42
7
7

4. Division Property Equality

5. x = -6

5. Conclusion

Write reasons for each step

Solve 60 = -3(8x - 4). Write a reason for each step.
Statement

Reason

1. 60 = -3(8x - 4)

1. Given

2. 60 = -3(8x - 4)
60 = -24x + 12

2. Distributive Property Equality

3. 60 = -24x + 12
-12
-12

3. Subtraction Property Equality

4. 48 = -24x
-24 -24

4. Division Property Equality

5. -2 = x

5. Conclusion

Take Out
Classwork/Homework
Page100
3, 4, 6 - 20 even

2.5

Today we will use algebraic

properties in logical arguments.

Properties
Reflexive Property
Real Numbers - For any real number a, a = a
Segment Length - For any segment AB, AB = AB
Angle Measure - For any angle A, m A = m A.

Symmetric Property of Equality

Real Numbers - For any real numbers a and b, if a = b, then b = a
Segment Length - For any segments AB and CD, if AB = CD, then CD = AB
Angle Measure - For any angles A and B, if mA = mB, then mB = mA

Properties
Transitive Property
Real Numbers - For any real numbers a, b, and c, if a = b and b = c , then a = c.

Segment Length - For any segments AB, CD, and EF, if AB = CD and CD = EF,
then AB = EF.

Angle Measure - For any angle A, B, and C, if mA = mB and mB = mC,

then mA = mC.

The city is planning to add two stations between the beginning and end of a commuter train
line. Use the information given, RT = SU. Determine whether RS = TU
R

P1
S

Station 1

P2
T

U
Station 2

Statement

Reason

1. RT = SU

1. Given

2. RT = RS + ST
and
SU = TU + ST

2. Segment Addition Property

3. RT = SU

3. Step 1, 2 and Substitution Property

RS + ST = TU + ST
4. RS + ST = TU + ST
-ST
-ST

4. Subtraction Property

5. RS = TU

5. Conclusion

Use the diagram, AB = CD. Show that AC = BD

A

Statement

Reason

1. AB = CD

1. Given

2. AC = AB + BC
and
BD = CD + BC

2. Segment Addition Postulate

3.AC - BC = AB
BD - BC = CD

3. Subtraction Property

4. AB = CD
AC - BC = BD - BC
+BC =
+BC

4. Substitution Property

5. Therefore AC = BD

5. Conclusion

Use the information given to determine whether mEBA = mDBC, Given m1 = m3.

Statement

E
1 2 3

Reason

1. m1 = m3

1. Given

2. mEBA = m2 + m3
and
mDBC = m2 + m1

2. Angle Addition Postulate

3. mEBA - m2 = m3
mDBC - m2 = m1

3. Subtraction Property

4. m1 = m3

4. Step 1, 3 and Substitution Property

mDBC - m2 = mEBA - m2
5.
+ m2
+ m2
6. mEBA = mDBC

5. Addition Property
6. Conclusion

In the diagram mCBD = mEBA, show that m1 = m3.

Statement

Reason

1 2 3

A
1. mCBD = mEBA

1. Given

2. mCBD = m1 + m2
and
mEBA = m2 + m3

2. Angle Addition Postulate

3. mCBD = mEBA
m1 + m2 = m2 + m3

3. Substitution Property of Equality

and Step 1,2

4. m1 + m2 = m2 + m3
-m2 -m2

4. Subtraction Property of Equality

5. m1 = m3

5. Conclusion

Classwork/Homework
Page100
1, 2, 21- 30

2.6

Today we will write proofs using

geometric theorems.

Vocabulary
Proof -

A logical argument that shows a statement is true.

Two Column Proof A numbered Statements and corresponding reasons that

show an argument in a logical order.
Statement

Reason

Theorems
Theorem 2.1 - Congruence of Segments
Reflexive - For any segment AB, AB AB
Symmetric - If AB CD, then CD AB
Transitive - If AB CD and CD EF then AB EF

Theorem 2.2 - Congruence of Angles 2.2

Reflexive - For any angle A, A A
Symmetric - If A B, then B A
Transitive - If A B and B C, then A C.

Name The Property

If R T and T P, then R P
Transitive Property

If AB CD, then CD AB
Symmetric Property

For any angle A, A A

Reflexive Property

Name The Property

CD CD

Reflexive Property
A B, then B A

Symmetric Property

Given : m1 = m3
Prove : mEBA = mDBC

Statement

E
1 2 3

Reason

1. m1 = m3

1. Given

2. mEBA = m2 + m3
and
mDBC = m2 + m1

2. Angle Addition Postulate

3. mEBA = m2 + m3
mEBA = m2 + m1

3. Step 2 and Substitution Property

4. mEBA = mDBC
5. Therefore mEBA = mDBC

4. Transitive Property of Equality

5. Conclusion

Given : M is the Midpoint

Prove : AB = 2(AM)
and
AM = AB
A
Statement
1. M is the Midpoint

B
Reason
1. Given

2. AM MB

2. Definition of Midpoint

3. AM = MB

3. Definition of Congruence

4. AM + MB = AB

4. Segment Addition

5. AM + AM = AB

5. Substitution and Step 3 and 4

6. 2AM = AB

6. Combining Like Terms

7. AM = AB

7. Division Property

Given : AC = AB + AB
Prove : AB = BC
A

Statement

Reason

1. AC = AB + AB

1. Given

2. AC = AB + BC

2. Segment Addition Postulate

3. AB + AB = AB + BC

3. Transitive Property, Step 1,2

4. AB = BC

4. Subtraction Property

5. Therefore AB = BC

5. Conclusion

Given : 1 2
Prove : 2 1
2

1
Statement
1. 1 2

Reason
1. Given

2. m1 = m2

2. Definition of Congruent Angles

3. m2 = m1

3. Symmetric Property

4. 2 1

4. Definition of Congruent Angles.

Classwork/Homework
Page108
1 - 12

2.6

Today we will write proofs using

geometric theorems.

Given : AC = AB + AB
Prove : AB = BC
A

Statement

Reason

1. AC = AB + AB

1. Given

2. AC = AB + BC

2. Segment Addition Postulate

3. AB + AB = AB + BC

3. Transitive Property, Step 1,2

4. AB = BC

4. Subtraction Property

5. Therefore AB = BC

5. Conclusion

Walking down a hallway at the mall, you notice the music store is halfway
between the food court and the shoe store. The shoe store is halfway
between the music and the bookstore. Prove that the distance between the
entrance of the food court and music store is the same as the distance
between the entrances of the shoe store and bookstore.
Food

Music Shoe

Book

Statement

Reason

1. B is the midpoint of AC
C is the midpoint of BD

1. Given

2. AB BC
BC CD

2. Definition of Midpoint

3. AB CD

3. Transitive Property

4. AB = CD

4. Definition of Congruence

The distance from the park to the pool is the same as the distance from your
house to the school. The school is between the pool and the house. Prove the
distance from the park to the school is the same as the distance from the
pool to your house.
Park
A

Pool School
B

B
A
Statement
1. AB = CD

House
D
D

Reason
1. Given

2. AB + BC = CD + BC

2. Addition Property

3. AB + BC = AC
BC + CD = BD
4. AC = BD

3. Segment Addition
4. Substitution Property

Classwork/Homework
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