Overview of D2D Proximity Services

Standardization in 3GPP LTE

Workshop on Radio Access and Spectrum

Session 2: Device-to-Device Communications and Public Safety
Michael Gundlach, Nokia
Bologna, Italy, 2014-06-23

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Dr. Michael Gundlach

Acknowledgement
This presentation is within the scope of CRS-i, the cognitive radio standardization
initiative from FP7 research to global standard
It has partly been prepared by Christian Mouton, NEC Technologies (UK)

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Motivation
Device-to-device (D2D) communication, i.e. direct communication between nearby mobile
devices, will be added to LTE in 3GPP Release 12 within several work items related to
Proximity Services.
General advantages

improve spectrum utilization

improve overall throughput and performance

improve energy consumption

enable new peer-to-peer and location-based applications and services

Advantages related to public safety

fallback public safety networks that must function when cellular networks are not available or fail

closing the evolution gap of safety networks to LTE

Challenges and risks

Business opportunity related to the long-standing cellular architecture

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Data Paths for Proximity Based Service Communication

UE
1

UE
1

eNB

eNB

SGW/PGW

SGW/PGW

UE
2

UE
2

eNB

eNB

Default data path

scenario in the EPS for
communication
between two UEs
UE
1

eNB

UE
2
SGW/PGW

Source: 3GPP TR 22.803 V12.2.0 (2013-06) Feasibility study for Proximity Services (ProSe)

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eNB

Locally-routed" data path

in the EPS for
communication between
two UEs when UEs are
served by the same eNBs

The "direct mode" data

path in the EPS for
communication between
two UEs

Direct over-the-air data exchange between devices

For 3GPP, the direct over-the-air exchanges between devices can be:

either based on a new air interface (designed by 3GPP RAN)

or based on WLAN air interface

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Use Cases and Scenarios

Public Safety Use Cases

General Use Cases

Restricted ProSe Discovery Use Case

Open ProSe Discovery Use Case
Discovery Use Case with Subscribers from Different
PLMNs
Discovery Use Case with Roaming Subscribers
Network ProSe Discovery Use Case
Service Continuity between Infrastructure and E-UTRA
ProSe Communication paths
Operator A uses ProSe to Enhance Location and
Presence Services
ProSe for Large Numbers of Ues
ProSe-assisted WLAN Direct Communications Use Case
Service Management and Continuity for ProSe-assisted
WLAN Direct Communications
Use Case for ProSe Application Provided by the ThirdParty Application Developer
Concurrent E-UTRAN Infrastructure and WLAN
Proximity Communication
Network Offloading via WLAN ProSe Communication

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ProSe Discovery Within Network Coverage

ProSe Discovery Out of Network Coverage
Can Discover But Not Discoverable
Basic ProSe One-to-One Direct User Traffic Initiation in
Public Safety Spectrum
UE with Multiple One-to-One Direct User Traffic
Sessions in Public Safety Spectrum
ProSe Group
ProSe Broadcast
ProSe Relay
ProSe Hybrid and Range Extension
ProSe Range
Public Safety Implicit Discovery
Co-existence of ProSe Communication and E-UTRAN
communication

Example General Use Case

ProSe-assisted WLAN Direct Communications Use Case
This use case describes how WLAN direct communication can be used between ProSe-enabled UEs
Pre-Conditions

Bob and John are subscribers to a mobile data service from an MNO;

Bob and John both carry UEs that have WLAN capabilities;

Both UEs are enabled for ProSe Discovery and Communication;

Bob and John use ProSe-enabled applications on their UEs;

The 3GPP network has the capability to provide WLAN configuration information to ProSe-enabled UEs;

Bob has clicked the ProSe-enabled UE to send an HD video to John.

Service Flows

The 3GPP EPC determines proximity of Bobs and Johns UEs and provides them with WLAN configuration information to assist with
WLAN direct connection establishment.

Bobs and Johns UEs use the configuration information to verify feasibility of the WLAN direct connection and establish ProSe-assisted
WLAN direct communications.

The ProSe-enabled application on Bobs UE streams the HD video to the ProSe-enabled application on Johns UE using the established
WLAN connection.

Post-Conditions

John has received Bobs HD video via the ProSe-enabled application on his UE.

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Example Public Safety Use Case

ProSe Broadcast
This use case describes the scenario where a given UE initiates a ProSe Broadcast Communication transmission to all UEs
within transmission range.
Pre-Conditions

Service Flows

An operator offers a service, which makes use of the ProSe feature.

Fire-fighters A-D, E-H and an incident commander use ProSe-enabled public safety UEs.
Fire-fighters A-D, E-H and an incident commander are subscribed to a Public Safety service that allows them to use ProSe.
Fire-fighters A-Ds UEs are configured to belong to communications group X.
Fire-fighters E-Hs UEs are also configured to belong to communications group Y, which is separate from fire-fighters A-D.
The incident commanders UE is configured to belong to communication group X and communication group Y.
The fire-fighters may or may not be in E-UTRAN coverage.
After arriving at the scene of a fire, fire-fighters A-Ds UEs discover each other and communicate among themselves in communications
group X using ProSe Group Communications.
Later, fire-fighters E-H also arrive on the fire scene and communicate among themselves in communications group Y using ProSe Group
Communications.
At some point, the incident commander wants to provide the same information concurrently to all of the fire-fighters at the scene of
the incident within transmission range.
The incident commanders UE transmits a ProSe Broadcast Communications message to all of the fire-fighters UEs. A single
transmission is received by all of the fire-fighters UEs rather than individual transmissions being sent to each of the fire-fighters.

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Scenarios

PLMN A
UE1

UE2

1A
UE2
UE1

When the registered PLMN, Proximity based service direct

communication path and coverage status (in coverage or
out of coverage) are considered, there are a number of
different possible scenarios. Additional scenarios may be
added.

1B
PLMN A

PLMN A

PLMN A

UE2
UE2

UE1

UE1

1C

1D

PLMN A

PLMN B

PLMN A

PLMN B

UE1
PLMN A
UE1
PLMN A
UE2
PLMN B

Source: 3GPP TR 23.703 V12.0.0 (2014-02) Study on architecture enhancements to support

Proximity-based Services (ProSe) (Release 12)

1E

PLMN A

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1F

PLMN B

UE1
PLMN A

UE2
PLMN B

1G

UE2
PLMN B

Supported E-UTRAN ProSe direct communication Modes

Two different modes for ProSe direct communication are supported:
Network independent direct communication: This mode of operation for ProSe direct
communication does not require any network assistance to authorize the connection and
communication is performed by using only functionality and information local to the UE(s). This
mode is applicable:

only to pre-authorized ProSe-enabled Public Safety UEs;

regardless of whether the UEs are served by E-UTRAN or not;

to both ProSe direct communication one-to-one and to ProSe direct communication one-to-many.

Network authorized direct communication: This mode of operation for ProSe direct communication
always requires network assistance by the EPC to authorize the connection. This mode of operation
applies:

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to ProSe direct communication one-to-one;

when both UEs are "served by E-UTRAN"; and

for Public Safety UEs it may apply when only one UE is served by E-UTRAN.

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System Architecture
PC1

A ProSe Function is introduced

in the network and has the
following main roles:
Provisioning (via the Direct
Provisioning Function - DPF)
Direct discovery management
(e.g. allocation of ProSe
Application code)
EPC discovery (acting as a location
services client)

MME
S/PGW
ProSe
application

LTE-Uu

UE B

E-UTRAN

HSS
PC5
ProSe
application
UE A

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SLP

LTE-Uu
PC4a
PC3

PC1
11

S6a

S1

ProSe Function

PC4b

PC2

ProSe
Application
Server

3GPP structure
Project Co-ordination Group (PCG)
TSG GERAN
GSM EDGE
Radio Access Network

TSG RAN
Radio Access Network

TSG SA
Service & Systems Aspects

TSG CT
Core Network & Terminals

GERAN WG1
Radio Aspects

RAN WG1
Radio Layer 1 spec

SA WG1
Services

CT WG1
MM/CC/SM (lu)

GERAN WG2
Protocol Aspects

RAN WG2
Radio Layer 2 spec
Radio Layer 3 RR spec

SA WG2
Architecture

CT WG3
Interworking with external networks

GERAN WG3
Terminal Testing

RAN WG3
lub spec, lur spec, lu spec
UTRAN O&M requirements

SA WG3
Security

CT WG4
MAP/GTP/BCH/SS

RAN WG4
Radio Performance
Protocol aspects

SA WG4
Codec

CT WG6
Smart Card Application Aspect

RAN WG5
Mobile Terminal
Conformance Testing

SA WG5
Telecom Management

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Maintenance of Work Items and Documents

Work/Study Items are created on a per-Technical Group basis and progress is tracked on
a per-TG basis.
Study Items are for feasibility studies and deliver Technical Reports, which are nonnormative documents, used to feed the subsequent
(if any) normative phase which deliver Technical Specifications.
Working Groups reports and specifications have to go through an approval process by
their own Technical Specifications Group.
Technical Reports are not maintained.

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Work Prioritization in 3GPP Release 12

In September 2013, TSG SA reviewed the Rel-12 progress in different working groups.
Due to the important activities in the radio access area, not only due to proximity
services, 3GPP TSG RAN proposed to reduce the scope of proximity services in Rel-12.
Similarly, experimenting an overload situation, 3GPP WG SA2 proposed to limit Rel-12 to
a list of essential features. Based on these information, 3GPP TSG SA decided to limit
the proximity features for Rel-12 to discovery and public safety group communication.

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3GPP Documents on D2D

SA1

TR 22.803 Feasibility study for Proximity Services (ProSe)

TS 22.278 Service requirements for the Evolved Packet System (EPS)

TS 22.115 Service aspects; Charging and billing

TS 21.905 Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications

SA2

TR 23.703 Study on architecture enhancements to support Proximity-based Services (ProSe) (Release 12)

TS 23.303 Proximity-based services (ProSe); Stage 2 (Release 12)

SA3

TR 33.833 Study on security issues to support Proximity Services

RAN1 & RAN2

TR 36.843 Study on LTE Device to Device Proximity Services - Radio Aspects

CT1

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TS 24.333 Proximity-services Management Object (MO)

TS 24.334 Proximity-services (Prose) User Equipment (UE) to Proximity-services (ProSe) Function aspects (PC3); Stage 3

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Progress in 3GPP
Work Item

Completion

Status

Proximity-Based Services (ProSe)

SA1 part TR & TS phases

100 %

Completed

SA2 part TR & TS phases

100 %

Completed

SA3 part TR phase

40 %

Expected to be completed June 2014

SA3 part TS phase

0%

tbd

Study on LTE device to device proximity services Radio Aspects (sFS_LTE_D2D_Prox)

RAN1/2/4 part TR phase

100 %

Completed

RAN1/2/4 part TS phase

65 %

Expected to be completed June 2014

CT aspects of proximity-based services (ProSe-CT)

Overall CT

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Dr. Michael Gundlach

New WI, expected to be completed

September 2014

3GPP Roadmap
CY11

CY12

CY13

CY14

CY15

Stage1
Release 12 ProSe
ProSe Discovery
ProSe Communication 1-to-Many
ProSe UE-to-NW relay (with no RAN impact)
ECP support for WLAN

Tentative Release 13 ProSe

Communication:
1:1 communication, direct, via eNB
Service continuity
Discovery:
Interaction with 3rd party apps & UE terminal apps

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Stage 2
Stage 3

Stage1
Stage 2
Stage 3

Final Remarks
CRS-i will continue to deliver regular standardization update reports regarding D2D in
3GPP
The first report has been produced by NEC Technologies (UK) on March 19, 2014
CRS-i would be happy to discuss with your project the possibility of joint contributions
to standards on cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access, including D2D Proximity
Services; for this please contact the CRS-i Consultancy Service on Standardization
(http://www.ict-crsi.eu/index.php/contact-us)

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