Pady 70911 - 79606 - Tec-Appendix

Instructor Guide
Appendix
Appendix
Table of Contents
DSAT Tec Diver Course Key Dive Standards.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
DSAT TecRec Dive Planning Slate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6
DSAT TecRec Dive Planning Checklist.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7
DSAT TecRec Equipment Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8
CNS Surface Interval Credit Table.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9
Oxygen Exposure Limits.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9
SAC Conversion Factors.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-10
Maximum Depths in Feet of Seawater.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11
Maximum Depths in Metres of Seawater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12
Equivalent Air Depth and Oxygen Management Table Imperial.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-13
Equivalent Air Depth and Oxygen Management Table Metric.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-24
Hand Signals. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-36
Independent Study Assignments with Knowledge Review Answer Keys.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-39
Independent Study Assignments and Blank Knowledge Reviews.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-95
Other Delivery Content Hand Outs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-149
Liability Release and Express Assumption of Risk for Technical Diving.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-205
Liability Release and Express Assumption of Risk for Discover Tec Diving.. . . . . . . . . . . A-207
Application Instructor.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-209
Standard RSTC Medical Form.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-211
Tec Diver Statement of Understand and Learning Agreement.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-217
Tec 40 Answer Keys.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-218
Tec 45 Answer Keys.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-220
Tec 50 Answer Keys.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-222
Exam Answer Sheets.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-224
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Appendix
Tec Diver Course Key Dive Standards

Tec 40 Training Dive One
Environment: Confined water or limited open water with ready access
to water shallow enough to stand up in.

Depths: Minimum: 2.5 metres/8 feet

Maximum 10 metres/30 feet

Decompression: No stop only

Gases: Air, EANx up to EANx50

Ratios: 6:1, 8:1 with one or more certified assistants
Tec 40 Training Dive Two

Environment: Open water

Depths: Minimum: 10 metres/30 feet
Maximum: 18 metres/60 feet
Gases: Air or EANx up to EANx50.
Tec 40 Training Dive Three

Environment: Open Water

Tec 40 Training Dive Four



Decompression: up to 10 minutes total decompression time based on
breathing bottom gas throughout the dive (no accelerated decompression)



Environment: Confined water or limited open water with ready access
to water shallow enough to stand up in.



Gases: Air or EANx, recommended that all blends be breathable at
maximum dive depth

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Gases: Air or EANx, recommended that all blends be breathable to
maximum dive depth



Gases: Air, EANx or oxygen


Decompression: single gas decompression, gas switch for conservatism,

Environment: Confined water or limited open water with ready access to water
shallow enough to stand up in.



Decompression: No stop only, five stop simulated decompression
Gases: Air or EANx, recommended that all blends be breathable at
maximum dive depth





Decompression: No stop only, 30 minutes simulated decompression
Gases: Air or EANx, recommended that all blends be breathable to
maximum dive depth

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Decompression: Decompression dive with two decompression gases




Decompression: Decompression dive with two decompression gases
Gases: Air, EANx or oxygen. Trimix permitted within limited conditions.

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EQUIVALENT AIR DEPTH AND OXYGEN MANAGEMENT TABLE IMPERIAL

OXYGEN CONTENT 21%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
0.27
0.31
0.34
0.40
0.46
0.53
0.59
0.66
0.72
0.78
0.85
0.91
0.97
1.04
1.10
1.16
1.23
1.29
1.36
0.09
0.24
0.38
0.50
0.62
0.74
0.85
0.96
1.06
1.16
1.27
1.37
1.46
1.56
OXYGEN CONTENT 22%

CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.33%
0.42%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.55%
0.67%
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
9
14
19
29
39
49
59
69
79
88
98
108
118
128
138
148
158
167
177
0.29
0.32
0.35
0.42
0.49
0.55
0.62
0.69
0.75
0.82
0.89
0.95
1.02
1.09
1.15
1.22
1.29
1.35
1.42
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.16 0.14%
0.31 0.17%
0.44 0.17%
0.57 0.22%
0.69 0.28%
0.81 0.28%
0.92 0.33%%
1.03 0.42%
1.14 0.42%
1.25 0.48%
1.35 0.55%
1.46 0.55%
1.56 0.67%
1.66 0.83%
OXYGEN CONTENT 23%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
9
14
19
28
38
48
58
67
77
87
97
106
116
126
136
145
155
165
175
0.30
0.33
0.37
0.44
0.51
0.58
0.65
0.72
0.79
0.86
0.93
1.00
1.07
1.14
1.21
1.28
1.35
1.41
1.48
0.03
0.22
0.36
0.50
0.63
0.76
0.88
0.99
1.11
1.22
1.33
1.44
1.55
1.65
1.75
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CNS%
Min
OXYGEN CONTENT 24%

CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
0.83%
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
8
13
18
28
37
47
56
66
76
85
95
105
114
124
133
143
153
162
172
0.31
0.35
0.39
0.46
0.53
0.60
0.68
0.75
0.82
0.89
0.97
1.04
1.11
1.19
1.26
1.33
1.40
1.48
1.55
0.10
0.27
0.42
0.56
0.69
0.82
0.95
1.07
1.18
1.30
1.41
1.52
1.63
1.74
1.85
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
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OXYGEN CONTENT 25%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
8
13
17
27
36
46
55
65
74
84
93
103
112
122
131
141
150
160
169
0.33
0.36
0.40
0.48
0.55
0.63
0.70
0.78
0.86
0.93
1.01
1.08
1.16
1.23
1.31
1.39
1.46
1.54
1.61
0.16
0.32
0.48
0.62
0.75
0.89
1.01
1.14
1.26
1.38
1.49
1.61
1.72
1.83
1.94
OXYGEN CONTENT 26%

CNS%
Min
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
2.22%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
7
12
17
26
35
45
54
63
73
82
92
101
110
120
129
138
148
157
0.34
0.38
0.42
0.50
0.58
0.65
0.73
0.81
0.89
0.97
1.05
1.13
1.21
1.28
1.36
1.44
1.52
1.60
0.21
0.38
0.53
0.68
0.81
0.95
1.08
1.21
1.33
1.45
1.57
1.69
1.81
1.92
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 28%
OXYGEN CONTENT 27%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
7
11
16
25
34
44
53
62
71
81
90
99
108
118
127
136
145
0.35
0.39
0.43
0.52
0.60
0.68
0.76
0.84
0.92
1.01
1.09
1.17
1.25
1.33
1.42
1.50
1.58
0.06
0.26
0.43
0.58
0.73
0.87
1.01
1.14
1.27
1.40
1.53
1.65
1.77
1.89
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
0.83%
2.22%
A-14
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
6
11
15
24
34
43
52
61
70
79
88
97
106
116
125
134
0.36
0.41
0.45
0.53
0.62
0.70
0.79
0.87
0.96
1.04
1.13
1.21
1.30
1.38
1.47
1.55
0.11
0.30
0.48
0.63
0.79
0.93
1.07
1.21
1.34
1.47
1.60
1.73
1.86
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
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OXYGEN CONTENT 29%
OXYGEN CONTENT 30%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
6
10
15
24
33
42
51
60
69
78
87
96
105
113
122
131
0.38
0.42
0.47
0.55
0.64
0.73
0.82
0.91
0.99
1.08
1.17
1.26
1.34
1.43
1.52
1.61
0.16
0.35
0.52
0.69
0.84
0.99
1.13
1.27
1.41
1.55
1.68
1.81
1.94
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
2.22%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
5
10
14
23
32
41
49
58
67
76
85
94
103
111
120
0.39
0.44
0.48
0.57
0.66
0.75
0.85
0.94
1.03
1.12
1.21
1.30
1.39
1.48
1.57
0.20
0.40
0.57
0.74
0.89
1.05
1.19
1.34
1.48
1.62
1.75
1.88
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 32%
OXYGEN CONTENT 31%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
5
9
13
22
31
39
48
57
66
74
83
92
101
109
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.59
0.69
0.78
0.87
0.97
1.06
1.16
1.25
1.34
1.44
1.53
0.24
0.44
0.62
0.79
0.95
1.10
1.25
1.40
1.54
1.68
1.82
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
4
8
13
21
30
38
47
56
64
73
81
90
99
107
0.42
0.47
0.51
0.61
0.71
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.19
1.29
1.39
1.48
1.58
0.05
0.29
0.48
0.66
0.83
1.00
1.16
1.31
1.46
1.61
1.75
1.90
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
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OXYGEN CONTENT 33%
OXYGEN CONTENT 34%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
3
8
12
20
29
37
46
54
63
71
80
88
97
0.43
0.48
0.53
0.63
0.73
0.83
0.93
1.03
1.13
1.23
1.33
1.43
1.53
0.10
0.33
0.52
0.71
0.88
1.05
1.21
1.37
1.52
1.67
1.82
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
3
7
11
20
28
36
45
53
61
70
78
86
95
0.44
0.49
0.55
0.65
0.75
0.86
0.96
1.06
1.16
1.27
1.37
1.47
1.58
0.14
0.37
0.57
0.75
0.93
1.10
1.27
1.43
1.58
1.74
1.89
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 36%
OXYGEN CONTENT 35%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
2
6
11
19
27
35
44
52
60
68
76
85
0.46
0.51
0.56
0.67
0.77
0.88
0.99
1.09
1.20
1.30
1.41
1.52
0.04
0.18
0.40
0.61
0.80
0.98
1.15
1.32
1.48
1.64
1.80
0.00%
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
2
6
10
18
26
34
42
50
59
67
75
83
0.47
0.52
0.58
0.69
0.80
0.91
1.01
1.12
1.23
1.34
1.45
1.56
0.08
0.21
0.44
0.65
0.84
1.02
1.20
1.37
1.54
1.70
1.87
0.00%
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 37%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
1
5
9
17
25
33
41
49
57
65
73
81
0.48
0.54
0.59
0.71
0.82
0.93
1.04
1.15
1.27
1.38
1.49
1.60
---0.12
0.25
0.48
0.69
0.88
1.07
1.25
1.43
1.60
1.76
1.93
OXYGEN CONTENT 38%

CNS%
Min
0.00%
0.14%
0.14%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
A-16
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1
5
9
16
24
32
40
48
56
64
71
0.50
0.55
0.61
0.73
0.84
0.96
1.07
1.19
1.30
1.42
1.53
---0.15
0.29
0.52
0.73
0.93
1.12
1.30
1.48
1.65
1.82
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
padi.com
10/26/09 12:52 PM
Instructor Guide
Appendix
OXYGEN CONTENT 39%
OXYGEN CONTENT 40%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
4
8
16
23
31
39
47
54
62
70
0.51
0.57
0.63
0.74
0.86
0.98
1.10
1.22
1.34
1.45
1.57
0.03
0.19
0.32
0.55
0.77
0.97
1.16
1.35
1.53
1.71
1.88
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
3
7
15
22
30
38
45
53
60
68
0.52
0.58
0.64
0.76
0.88
1.01
1.13
1.25
1.37
1.49
1.61
0.07
0.22
0.35
0.59
0.80
1.01
1.21
1.40
1.58
1.76
1.94
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 41%
OXYGEN CONTENT 42%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
-1
3
7
14
22
29
36
44
51
59
0.53
0.60
0.66
0.78
0.91
1.03
1.16
1.28
1.40
1.53
0.11
0.25
0.39
0.62
0.84
1.05
1.25
1.45
1.63
1.82
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
2.22%
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
-1
2
6
13
21
28
35
43
50
57
0.55
0.61
0.67
0.80
0.93
1.06
1.18
1.31
1.44
1.57
0.14
0.29
0.42
0.66
0.88
1.09
1.30
1.49
1.69
1.87
0.14%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 43%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
-2
2
5
12
20
27
34
41
49
56
0.56
0.63
0.69
0.82
0.95
1.08
1.21
1.34
1.47
1.60
0.17
0.32
0.45
0.69
0.92
1.13
1.34
1.54
1.74
1.93
padi.com
OXYGEN CONTENT 44%

CNS%
Min
0.14%
0.17%
0.17%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-3
1
5
12
19
26
33
40
47
0.57
0.64
0.71
0.84
0.97
1.11
1.24
1.37
1.51
0.20
0.35
0.48
0.73
0.96
1.17
1.38
1.59
1.79
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
2.22%
A-17
10/26/09 12:52 PM
Instructor Guide
Appendix
OXYGEN CONTENT 46%
OXYGEN CONTENT 45%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-3
0
4
11
18
25
32
39
46
0.59
0.65
0.72
0.86
1.00
1.13
1.27
1.40
1.54
0.23
0.38
0.51
0.76
0.99
1.21
1.43
1.64
1.84
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
2.22%
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-4
0
3
10
17
24
31
37
44
0.60
0.67
0.74
0.88
1.02
1.16
1.30
1.44
1.58
0.26
0.41
0.54
0.79
1.03
1.25
1.47
1.68
1.89
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 47%
OXYGEN CONTENT 48%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-4
-1
3
9
16
23
29
36
43
0.61
0.68
0.75
0.90
1.04
1.18
1.32
1.47
1.61
0.29
0.44
0.57
0.83
1.07
1.29
1.51
1.73
1.94
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.42%
0.48%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
-5
-1
2
8
15
22
28
35
0.63
0.70
0.77
0.92
1.06
1.21
1.35
1.50
0.32
0.46
0.60
0.86
1.10
1.33
1.56
1.78
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.33%
0.42%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
OXYGEN CONTENT 50%
OXYGEN CONTENT 49%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
-5
-2
1
8
14
21
27
33
0.64
0.71
0.79
0.94
1.08
1.23
1.38
1.53
0.34
0.49
0.63
0.89
1.14
1.37
1.60
1.82
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%
0.33%
0.42%
0.55%
0.67%
2.22%
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
-6
-3
1
7
13
20
26
32
0.65
0.73
0.80
0.95
1.11
1.26
1.41
1.56
0.37
0.52
0.66
0.92
1.17
1.41
1.64
1.87
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%
0.33%
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 51%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
70
-6
-3
0
6
12
18
25
31
0.66
0.74
0.82
0.97
1.13
1.28
1.44
1.59
0.40
0.55
0.69
0.96
1.21
1.45
1.68
1.91
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 52%
A-18
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
-7
-4
-1
5
11
17
24
0.68
0.76
0.84
0.99
1.15
1.31
1.47
0.42
0.57
0.72
0.99
1.24
1.49
1.73
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.48%
0.67%
0.83%
padi.com
10/26/09 12:52 PM
Instructor Guide
Appendix
OXYGEN CONTENT 53%
OXYGEN CONTENT 54%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
-7
-4
-1
4
10
16
22
0.69
0.77
0.85
1.01
1.17
1.33
1.49
0.45
0.60
0.75
1.02
1.28
1.53
1.77
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.42%
0.48%
0.67%
0.83%
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
-8
-5
-2
4
10
15
21
0.70
0.79
0.87
1.03
1.19
1.36
1.52
0.47
0.63
0.77
1.05
1.31
1.57
1.81
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.42%
0.48%
0.67%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 55%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
-9
-6
-3
3
9
14
20
0.72
0.80
0.88
1.05
1.22
1.38
1.55
0.50
0.65
0.80
1.08
1.35
1.60
1.85
OXYGEN CONTENT 56%

CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
0.22%
0.22%
0.28%
0.42%
0.55%
0.67%
2.22%
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
-9
-6
-3
2
8
13
19
0.73
0.81
0.90
1.07
1.24
1.41
1.58
0.52
0.68
0.83
1.11
1.38
1.64
1.89
0.22%
0.28%
0.28%
0.42%
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 57%
OXYGEN CONTENT 58%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
60
-10
-7
-4
1
7
12
18
0.74
0.83
0.92
1.09
1.26
1.43
1.61
0.55
0.71
0.86
1.14
1.42
1.68
1.93
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
-10
-7
-5
0
6
11
0.76
0.84
0.93
1.11
1.28
1.46
0.57
0.73
0.88
1.18
1.45
1.72
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
OXYGEN CONTENT 59%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
-11
-8
-5
0
5
10
0.77
0.86
0.95
1.13
1.31
1.48
0.60
0.76
0.91
1.21
1.49
1.75
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.48%
0.67%
0.83%
10
15
20
30
40
50
-11
-9
-6
-1
4
9
0.78
0.87
0.96
1.15
1.33
1.51
0.62
0.78
0.94
1.24
1.52
1.79
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.48%
0.67%
2.22%
padi.com
OXYGEN CONTENT 60%
A-19
10/26/09 12:52 PM
Instructor Guide
Appendix
OXYGEN CONTENT 61%
OXYGEN CONTENT 62%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
-12
-9
-7
-2
3
8
0.79
0.89
0.98
1.16
1.35
1.53
0.65
0.81
0.97
1.27
1.55
1.83
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.48%
0.67%
2.22%
10
15
20
30
40
50
-12
-10
-8
-3
2
7
0.81
0.90
1.00
1.18
1.37
1.56
0.67
0.83
0.99
1.30
1.59
1.86
0.28%
0.28%
0.33%
0.48%
0.67%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 63%
OXYGEN CONTENT 64%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
50
-13
-11
-8
-3
1
6
0.82
0.92
1.01
1.20
1.39
1.58
0.69
0.86
1.02
1.33
1.62
1.90
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.67%
2.22%
10
15
20
30
40
50
-13
-11
-9
-4
0
5
0.83
0.93
1.03
1.22
1.42
1.61
0.72
0.88
1.05
1.36
1.65
1.94
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 65%
OXYGEN CONTENT 66%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
-14
-12
-10
-5
-1
0.85
0.95
1.04
1.24
1.44
0.74
0.91
1.07
1.39
1.69
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.55%
0.83%
10
15
20
30
40
-14
-12
-10
-6
-2
0.86
0.96
1.06
1.26
1.46
0.76
0.93
1.10
1.42
1.72
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.55%
0.83%
OXYGEN CONTENT 68%
OXYGEN CONTENT 67%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
-15
-13
-11
-7
-3
0.87
0.97
1.08
1.28
1.48
0.78
0.96
1.12
1.45
1.75
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.55%
0.83%
10
15
20
30
40
-16
-14
-12
-7
-3
0.89
0.99
1.09
1.30
1.50
0.81
0.98
1.15
1.47
1.78
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.55%
0.83%
OXYGEN CONTENT 70%
OXYGEN CONTENT 69%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
-16
-14
-12
-8
-4
0.90
1.00
1.11
1.32
1.53
0.83
1.01
1.18
1.50
1.82
0.28%
0.33%
0.48%
0.67%
2.22%
10
15
20
30
40
-17
-15
-13
-9
-5
0.91
1.02
1.12
1.34
1.55
0.85
1.03
1.20
1.53
1.85
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.67%
2.22%
A-20
padi.com
10/26/09 12:52 PM
Instructor Guide
Appendix
OXYGEN CONTENT 71%
OXYGEN CONTENT 72%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
-17
-15
-14
-10
-6
0.93
1.03
1.14
1.36
1.57
0.87
1.05
1.23
1.56
1.88
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.67%
2.22%
10
15
20
30
40
-18
-16
-14
-11
-7
0.94
1.05
1.16
1.37
1.59
0.90
1.08
1.25
1.59
1.91
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.67%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 74%
OXYGEN CONTENT 73%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
40
-18
-17
-15
-11
-8
0.95
1.06
1.17
1.39
1.61
0.92
1.10
1.28
1.62
1.95
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.67%
2.22%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
-19
-17
-16
-12
0.96
1.08
1.19
1.41
0.94
1.13
1.30
1.65
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.83%
OXYGEN CONTENT 76%
OXYGEN CONTENT 75%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
-19
-18
-16
-13
0.98
1.09
1.20
1.43
0.96
1.15
1.33
1.68
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.83%
10
15
20
30
-20
-18
-17
-14
0.99
1.11
1.22
1.45
0.98
1.17
1.35
1.70
0.33%
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
OXYGEN CONTENT 78%
OXYGEN CONTENT 77%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
-20
-19
-18
-15
1.00
1.12
1.24
1.47
1.01
1.20
1.38
1.73
0.33%
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
10
15
20
30
-21
-20
-18
-15
1.02
1.13
1.25
1.49
1.03
1.22
1.40
1.76
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
OXYGEN CONTENT 80%
OXYGEN CONTENT 79%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
-22
-20
-19
-16
1.03
1.15
1.27
1.51
1.05
1.24
1.43
1.79
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
2.22%
10
15
20
30
-22
-21
-20
-17
1.04
1.16
1.28
1.53
1.07
1.26
1.45
1.82
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
2.22%
padi.com
A-21
10/26/09 12:52 PM
Instructor Guide
Appendix
OXYGEN CONTENT 82%
OXYGEN CONTENT 81%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
-23
-21
-20
-18
1.06
1.18
1.30
1.55
1.09
1.29
1.48
1.85
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
2.22%
10
15
20
30
-23
-22
-21
-19
1.07
1.19
1.32
1.57
1.11
1.31
1.50
1.87
0.42%
0.48%
0.67%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 84%
OXYGEN CONTENT 83%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
30
-24
-23
-22
-19
1.08
1.21
1.33
1.58
1.13
1.33
1.53
1.90
0.42%
0.55%
0.67%
2.22%
10
15
20
30
-24
-23
-22
-20
1.09
1.22
1.35
1.60
1.15
1.36
1.55
1.93
0.42%
0.55%
0.67%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 86%
OXYGEN CONTENT 85%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
-25
-24
-23
1.11
1.24
1.37
1.18
1.38
1.58
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
10
15
20
-25
-24
-24
1.12
1.25
1.38
1.20
1.40
1.60
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
OXYGEN CONTENT 88%
OXYGEN CONTENT 87%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
-26
-25
-24
1.13
1.27
1.40
1.22
1.42
1.62
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
10
15
20
-26
-26
-25
1.15
1.28
1.41
1.24
1.45
1.65
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
OXYGEN CONTENT 90%
OXYGEN CONTENT 89%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
-27
-26
-26
1.16
1.29
1.43
1.26
1.47
1.67
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
10
15
20
-28
-27
-26
1.17
1.31
1.45
1.28
1.49
1.70
0.48%
0.67%
0.83%
OXYGEN CONTENT 92%
OXYGEN CONTENT 91%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
10
15
20
-28
-28
-27
1.19
1.32
1.46
1.30
1.51
1.72
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
0.48%
0.67%
0.83%
10
15
20
-29
-28
-28
1.20
1.34
1.48
1.32
1.54
1.74
0.48%
0.67%
0.83%
A-22
padi.com
10/26/09 12:52 PM
Instructor Guide
Appendix
OXYGEN CONTENT 94%
OXYGEN CONTENT 93%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
-29
-29
-28
1.21
1.35
1.49
1.34
1.56
1.77
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
10
15
20
-30
-29
-29
1.22
1.37
1.51
1.36
1.58
1.79
0.55%
0.67%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 96%
OXYGEN CONTENT 95%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
-30
-30
-30
1.24
1.38
1.53
1.38
1.60
1.82
0.55%
0.67%
2.22%
10
15
20
-31
-31
-30
1.25
1.40
1.54
1.40
1.62
1.84
0.55%
0.67%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 98%
OXYGEN CONTENT 97%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
-31
-31
-31
1.26
1.41
1.56
1.42
1.65
1.86
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
10
15
20
-32
-32
-32
1.28
1.43
1.57
1.44
1.67
1.89
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 100%
OXYGEN CONTENT 99%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
10
15
20
-32
-32
-32
1.29
1.44
1.59
1.46
1.69
1.91
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
10
15
20
-33
-33
-33
1.30
1.45
1.61
1.48
1.71
1.93
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
padi.com
A-23
10/26/09 12:52 PM
Instructor Guide
Appendix
EQUIVALENT AIR DEPTH AND OXYGEN MANAGEMENT TABLE METRIC

OXYGEN CONTENT 21%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
3.0
5.0
6.0
9.0
12.0
15.0
18.0
21.0
24.0
27.0
30.0
33.0
36.0
39.0
42.0
45.0
48.0
51.0
54.0
57.0
0.27
0.32
0.34
0.40
0.46
0.53
0.59
0.65
0.71
0.78
0.84
0.90
0.97
1.03
1.09
1.16
1.22
1.28
1.34
1.41
0.08
0.24
0.37
0.49
0.61
0.73
0.84
0.94
1.05
1.15
1.25
1.35
1.45
1.54
1.64
OXYGEN CONTENT 22%

CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%
0.28%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
2.8
4.8
5.8
8.8
11.7
14.7
17.6
20.6
23.6
26.5
29.5
32.5
35.4
38.4
41.3
44.3
47.3
50.2
53.2
56.2
0.29
0.33
0.35
0.42
0.48
0.55
0.62
0.68
0.75
0.81
0.88
0.95
1.01
1.08
1.14
1.21
1.28
1.34
1.41
1.47
0.15
0.30
0.43
0.56
0.68
0.80
0.91
1.02
1.13
1.23
1.34
1.44
1.54
1.64
1.74
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
0.83%
OXYGEN CONTENT 23%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
2.7
4.6
5.6
8.5
11.4
14.4
17.3
20.2
23.1
26.1
29.0
31.9
34.8
37.8
40.7
43.6
46.5
49.5
52.4
55.3
0.30
0.35
0.37
0.44
0.51
0.58
0.64
0.71
0.78
0.85
0.92
0.99
1.06
1.13
1.20
1.27
1.33
1.40
1.47
1.54
0.03
0.21
0.36
0.49
0.62
0.75
0.87
0.98
1.10
1.21
1.32
1.42
1.53
1.63
1.74
1.84
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
2.5
4.4
5.4
8.3
11.2
14.1
16.9
19.8
22.7
25.6
28.5
31.4
34.3
37.1
40.0
42.9
45.8
48.7
51.6
54.5
0.31
0.36
0.38
0.46
0.53
0.60
0.67
0.74
0.82
0.89
0.96
1.03
1.10
1.18
1.25
1.32
1.39
1.46
1.54
1.61
0.09
0.26
0.41
0.55
0.68
0.81
0.93
1.05
1.17
1.28
1.40
1.51
1.62
1.72
1.83
1.94
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 24%
A-24
padi.com
10/26/09 12:52 PM
Instructor Guide
Appendix
OXYGEN CONTENT 25%
OXYGEN CONTENT 26%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
2.3
4.2
5.2
8.0
10.9
13.7
16.6
19.4
22.3
25.1
28.0
30.8
33.7
36.5
39.4
42.2
45.1
47.9
50.8
0.33
0.38
0.40
0.48
0.55
0.63
0.70
0.78
0.85
0.93
1.00
1.08
1.15
1.23
1.30
1.38
1.45
1.53
1.60
0.15
0.32
0.47
0.61
0.74
0.87
1.00
1.12
1.24
1.36
1.48
1.59
1.70
1.81
1.92
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
2.22%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
2.2
4.1
5.0
7.8
10.6
13.4
16.2
19.0
21.8
24.7
27.5
30.3
33.1
35.9
38.7
41.5
44.3
47.1
0.34
0.39
0.42
0.49
0.57
0.65
0.73
0.81
0.88
0.96
1.04
1.12
1.20
1.27
1.35
1.43
1.51
1.59
0.20
0.37
0.52
0.67
0.80
0.94
1.07
1.19
1.32
1.44
1.56
1.67
1.79
1.90
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 28%
OXYGEN CONTENT 27%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
2.0
3.9
4.8
7.6
10.3
13.1
15.9
18.6
21.4
24.2
27.0
29.7
32.5
35.3
38.1
40.8
43.6
0.35
0.41
0.43
0.51
0.59
0.68
0.76
0.84
0.92
1.00
1.08
1.16
1.24
1.32
1.40
1.49
1.57
0.05
0.25
0.42
0.57
0.72
0.86
1.00
1.13
1.26
1.39
1.51
1.63
1.76
1.87
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
1.8
3.7
4.6
7.3
10.1
12.8
15.5
18.3
21.0
23.7
26.5
29.2
31.9
34.7
37.4
40.1
42.9
0.36
0.42
0.45
0.53
0.62
0.70
0.78
0.87
0.95
1.04
1.12
1.20
1.29
1.37
1.46
1.54
1.62
0.10
0.30
0.47
0.63
0.78
0.92
1.06
1.20
1.33
1.46
1.59
1.71
1.84
1.96
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
2.22%
padi.com
A-25
10/26/09 12:52 PM
Instructor Guide
Appendix
OXYGEN CONTENT 29%
OXYGEN CONTENT 30%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
1.7
3.5
4.4
7.1
9.8
12.5
15.2
17.9
20.6
23.3
25.9
28.6
31.3
34.0
36.7
39.4
0.38
0.44
0.46
0.55
0.64
0.73
0.81
0.90
0.99
1.07
1.16
1.25
1.33
1.42
1.51
1.60
0.15
0.34
0.52
0.68
0.83
0.98
1.12
1.26
1.40
1.53
1.66
1.79
1.92
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
2.22%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
1.5
3.3
4.2
6.8
9.5
12.2
14.8
17.5
20.1
22.8
25.4
28.1
30.8
33.4
36.1
0.39
0.45
0.48
0.57
0.66
0.75
0.84
0.93
1.02
1.11
1.20
1.29
1.38
1.47
1.56
0.20
0.39
0.56
0.73
0.88
1.03
1.18
1.32
1.46
1.60
1.73
1.87
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 32%
OXYGEN CONTENT 31%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
1.4
3.1
4.0
6.6
9.2
11.8
14.5
17.1
19.7
22.3
24.9
27.6
30.2
32.8
35.4
0.40
0.47
0.50
0.59
0.68
0.78
0.87
0.96
1.05
1.15
1.24
1.33
1.43
1.52
1.61
0.24
0.43
0.61
0.78
0.93
1.09
1.24
1.38
1.53
1.67
1.81
1.94
CNS%
Min
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
2.22%
A-26
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
1.2
2.9
3.8
6.4
8.9
11.5
14.1
16.7
19.3
21.8
24.4
27.0
29.6
32.2
0.42
0.48
0.51
0.61
0.70
0.80
0.90
0.99
1.09
1.18
1.28
1.38
1.47
1.57
0.05
0.28
0.48
0.65
0.82
0.99
1.14
1.30
1.45
1.59
1.74
1.88
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
padi.com
10/26/09 12:52 PM
Instructor Guide
Appendix
OXYGEN CONTENT 33%
OXYGEN CONTENT 34%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
1.0
2.7
3.6
6.1
8.7
11.2
13.7
16.3
18.8
21.4
23.9
26.5
29.0
31.6
0.43
0.50
0.53
0.63
0.73
0.83
0.92
1.02
1.12
1.22
1.32
1.42
1.52
1.62
0.09
0.32
0.52
0.70
0.87
1.04
1.20
1.36
1.51
1.66
1.80
1.95
0.00%
0.00%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
2.22%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
0.9
2.5
3.4
5.9
8.4
10.9
13.4
15.9
18.4
20.9
23.4
25.9
28.4
0.44
0.51
0.54
0.65
0.75
0.85
0.95
1.05
1.16
1.26
1.36
1.46
1.56
0.04
0.13
0.36
0.56
0.74
0.92
1.09
1.25
1.41
1.57
1.72
1.87
0.00%
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 36%
OXYGEN CONTENT 35%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
0.7
2.3
3.2
5.6
8.1
10.6
13.0
15.5
18.0
20.4
22.9
25.4
27.8
0.46
0.53
0.56
0.67
0.77
0.88
0.98
1.09
1.19
1.30
1.40
1.51
1.61
0.08
0.17
0.40
0.60
0.79
0.97
1.14
1.31
1.47
1.63
1.79
1.94
0.00%
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
2.22%
2.22%
padi.com
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
0.5
2.2
3.0
5.4
7.8
10.3
12.7
15.1
17.5
20.0
22.4
24.8
0.47
0.54
0.58
0.68
0.79
0.90
1.01
1.12
1.22
1.33
1.44
1.55
0.12
0.21
0.44
0.64
0.83
1.01
1.19
1.36
1.53
1.69
1.85
0.00%
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
A-27
10/26/09 12:52 PM
Instructor Guide
Appendix
OXYGEN CONTENT 37%
OXYGEN CONTENT 38%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
0.4
2.0
2.8
5.2
7.5
9.9
12.3
14.7
17.1
19.5
21.9
24.3
0.48
0.56
0.59
0.70
0.81
0.93
1.04
1.15
1.26
1.37
1.48
1.59
0.16
0.25
0.47
0.68
0.87
1.06
1.24
1.41
1.58
1.75
1.91
0.00%
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
0.2
1.8
2.6
4.9
7.3
9.6
12.0
14.3
16.7
19.0
21.4
0.49
0.57
0.61
0.72
0.84
0.95
1.06
1.18
1.29
1.41
1.52
0.20
0.28
0.51
0.72
0.92
1.11
1.29
1.46
1.64
1.81
0.00%
0.00%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 39%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
0.0
1.6
2.4
4.7
7.0
9.3
11.6
13.9
16.3
18.6
20.9
0.51
0.59
0.62
0.74
0.86
0.98
1.09
1.21
1.33
1.44
1.56
0.03
0.23
0.31
0.55
0.76
0.96
1.15
1.34
1.52
1.69
1.87
OXYGEN CONTENT 40%

CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
-0.1
1.4
2.2
4.4
6.7
9.0
11.3
13.5
15.8
18.1
20.4
0.52
0.60
0.64
0.76
0.88
1.00
1.12
1.24
1.36
1.48
1.60
0.07
0.26
0.35
0.58
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.38
1.57
1.75
1.92
0.14%
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 41%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
-0.3
1.2
1.9
4.2
6.4
8.7
10.9
13.2
15.4
17.6
0.53
0.62
0.66
0.78
0.90
1.03
1.15
1.27
1.39
1.52
0.10
0.30
0.38
0.62
0.83
1.04
1.24
1.43
1.62
1.80
0.14%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
2.22%
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
-0.5
1.0
1.7
3.9
6.2
8.4
10.6
12.8
15.0
17.2
0.55
0.63
0.67
0.80
0.92
1.05
1.18
1.30
1.43
1.55
0.14
0.33
0.41
0.65
0.87
1.08
1.28
1.48
1.67
1.86
0.14%
0.17%
0.17%
0.22%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 42%
A-28
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10/26/09 12:52 PM
Instructor Guide
Appendix
OXYGEN CONTENT 43%
OXYGEN CONTENT 44%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
-0.6
0.8
1.5
3.7
5.9
8.0
10.2
12.4
14.5
16.7
0.56
0.65
0.69
0.82
0.95
1.08
1.20
1.33
1.46
1.59
0.17
0.36
0.44
0.69
0.91
1.12
1.33
1.53
1.72
1.91
0.14%
0.17%
0.17%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
-0.8
0.6
1.3
3.5
5.6
7.7
9.8
12.0
14.1
0.57
0.66
0.70
0.84
0.97
1.10
1.23
1.36
1.50
0.20
0.39
0.48
0.72
0.95
1.16
1.37
1.57
1.77
0.14%
0.17%
0.17%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.55%
0.67%
0.83%
OXYGEN CONTENT 46%
OXYGEN CONTENT 45%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
-0.9
0.4
1.1
3.2
5.3
7.4
9.5
11.6
13.7
0.59
0.68
0.72
0.86
0.99
1.13
1.26
1.40
1.53
0.23
0.42
0.51
0.75
0.98
1.20
1.42
1.62
1.82
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.48%
0.55%
0.67%
2.22%
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
-1.1
0.3
0.9
3.0
5.0
7.1
9.1
11.2
13.2
0.60
0.69
0.74
0.87
1.01
1.15
1.29
1.43
1.56
0.26
0.45
0.54
0.79
1.02
1.24
1.46
1.67
1.87
0.14%
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.42%
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 47%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
-1.3
0.1
0.7
2.7
4.8
6.8
8.8
10.8
12.8
0.61
0.71
0.75
0.89
1.03
1.18
1.32
1.46
1.60
0.29
0.48
0.57
0.82
1.06
1.28
1.50
1.71
1.92
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%
0.28%
0.42%
0.48%
0.67%
0.83%
2.22%
padi.com
OXYGEN CONTENT 48%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
-1.4
-0.1
0.5
2.5
4.5
6.5
8.4
10.4
0.62
0.72
0.77
0.91
1.06
1.20
1.34
1.49
0.31
0.51
0.60
0.85
1.09
1.32
1.54
1.76
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.67%
0.83%
A-29
10/26/09 12:52 PM
Instructor Guide
Appendix
OXYGEN CONTENT 49%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
-1.6
-0.3
0.3
2.3
4.2
6.1
8.1
10.0
0.64
0.74
0.78
0.93
1.08
1.23
1.37
1.52
0.34
0.53
0.63
0.88
1.13
1.36
1.59
1.81
OXYGEN CONTENT 50%

CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%
0.33%
0.42%
0.55%
0.67%
2.22%
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
-1.8
-0.5
0.1
2.0
3.9
5.8
7.7
9.6
0.65
0.75
0.80
0.95
1.10
1.25
1.40
1.55
0.37
0.56
0.65
0.92
1.16
1.40
1.63
1.85
0.17%
0.22%
0.22%
0.33%
0.42%
0.55%
0.67%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 51%
OXYGEN CONTENT 52%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
-1.9
-0.7
-0.1
1.8
3.6
5.5
7.4
9.2
0.66
0.77
0.82
0.97
1.12
1.28
1.43
1.58
0.39
0.59
0.68
0.95
1.20
1.44
1.67
1.90
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
21
-2.1
-0.9
-0.3
1.5
3.4
5.2
7.0
8.8
0.68
0.78
0.83
0.99
1.14
1.30
1.46
1.61
0.42
0.62
0.71
0.98
1.23
1.48
1.71
1.94
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 53%
OXYGEN CONTENT 54%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
-2.3
-1.1
-0.5
1.3
3.1
4.9
6.7
0.69
0.80
0.85
1.01
1.17
1.33
1.48
0.45
0.65
0.74
1.01
1.27
1.52
1.75
0.17%
0.22%
0.28%
0.42%
0.48%
0.67%
0.83%
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
-2.4
-1.3
-0.7
1.1
2.8
4.6
6.3
0.70
0.81
0.86
1.03
1.19
1.35
1.51
0.47
0.67
0.77
1.04
1.30
1.55
1.80
0.17%
0.28%
0.28%
0.42%
0.48%
0.67%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 55%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
-2.6
-1.5
-0.9
0.8
2.5
4.2
5.9
0.72
0.83
0.88
1.05
1.21
1.38
1.54
0.50
0.70
0.80
1.07
1.34
1.59
1.84
0.22%
0.28%
0.28%
0.42%
0.55%
0.67%
2.22%
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
-2.8
-1.6
-1.1
0.6
2.3
3.9
5.6
0.73
0.84
0.90
1.06
1.23
1.40
1.57
0.52
0.73
0.82
1.11
1.37
1.63
1.88
0.22%
0.28%
0.28%
0.42%
0.55%
0.67%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 56%
A-30
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Instructor Guide
Appendix
OXYGEN CONTENT 57%
OXYGEN CONTENT 58%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
-2.9
-1.8
-1.3
0.3
2.0
3.6
5.2
0.74
0.86
0.91
1.08
1.25
1.43
1.60
0.55
0.75
0.85
1.14
1.41
1.67
1.92
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
3
5
6
9
12
15
18
-3.1
-2.0
-1.5
0.1
1.7
3.3
4.9
0.75
0.87
0.93
1.10
1.28
1.45
1.62
0.57
0.78
0.88
1.17
1.44
1.70
1.96
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 59%
OXYGEN CONTENT 60%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
-3.3
-2.2
-1.7
-0.1
1.4
3.0
0.77
0.89
0.94
1.12
1.30
1.48
0.59
0.80
0.91
1.20
1.47
1.74
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.48%
0.55%
0.83%
3
5
6
9
12
15
-3.4
-2.4
-1.9
-0.4
1.1
2.7
0.78
0.90
0.96
1.14
1.32
1.50
0.62
0.83
0.93
1.23
1.51
1.78
0.22%
0.28%
0.33%
0.48%
0.67%
0.83%
OXYGEN CONTENT 61%
OXYGEN CONTENT 62%
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
-3.6
-2.6
-2.1
-0.6
0.9
2.3
0.79
0.92
0.98
1.16
1.34
1.53
0.64
0.86
0.96
1.26
1.54
1.81
0.22%
0.33%
0.33%
0.48%
0.67%
2.22%
3
5
6
9
12
15
-3.7
-2.8
-2.3
-0.9
0.6
2.0
0.81
0.93
0.99
1.18
1.36
1.55
0.67
0.88
0.99
1.29
1.57
1.85
0.28%
0.33%
0.33%
0.48%
0.67%
2.22%
OXYGEN CONTENT 63%

Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
Depth
EAD
PO2
OTU /
Min
CNS%
Min
3
5
6
9
12
15
-3.9
-3.0
-2.5
-1.1
0.3
1.7
0.82
0.95
1.01
1.20
1.39
1.58
0.69
0.91
1.01
1.32
1.61
1.89
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.48%
0.67%
2.22%
3
5
6
9
12
15
-4.1
-3.2
-2.7
-1.3
0.0
1.4
0.83
0.96
1.02
1.22
1.41
1.60
0.71
0.93
1.04
1.35
1.64
1.92
0.28%
0.33%
0.42%
0.55%
0.83%
2.22%
padi.com
OXYGEN CONTENT 64%
A-31
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Instructor Guide
Appendix
A-32
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Instructor Guide
padi.com
Appendix
A-33
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Instructor Guide
Appendix
A-34
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Instructor Guide
padi.com
Appendix
A-35
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Instructor Guide
Appendix
A-36
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Instructor Guide
padi.com
Appendix
A-37
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Instructor Guide
Appendix
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Independent Study Assignments with

Knowledge Review Answer Keys

See page A-95 for independent study assignments with blank Knowledge Reviews
to hand out to students. See the instructor guides for required presentations. In the Tec 40
course, see the notes relating to Other Delivery Content, Tec 40-2, and Tec 45, Knowledge
Development One, II. Equipment about the appropriate study assignments for the equipment your students will use in the course.
Tec 40
Tec 40 Knowledge Development One
Manual Supported Content
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs xi, pg xiii Your Obligations and
Responsibilities, pg xiv Diver Accident Insurance, pg 1-9 including Tec Exercise
1.1. Disregard Tec Deep and Apprentice Tec Diver Certification Limits discussions.
You may skip question 6 in the exercise.
Other Delivery Content, Tec 40-1
Study assignment: Tec 40 Handout 1
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 84-87, Oxygen Compatibility
Review, Manufacturer Warranties and Hyperoxic Gases
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 35-50, Gas Planning I,
Tec Exercise 1.3
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 51-54, Team Diving I, Tec Exercise 1.4
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 54-59, Techniques and Procedures I,
Tec Exercise 1.5, pgs 107-109, Team Diving Gas Handling Considerations,
Tec Exercise 2.4 questions 4-8, pgs 115-122, Techniques and Procedures III,
Tec Exercise 2.5
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 60-64, Emergency Procedures I,
Tec Exercise 1.6, pgs 123-129, Emergency Procedures II, Tec Exercise 2.6
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Tec 40 Knowledge Review One

Please complete this review to hand in to your instructor. If theres something you
dont understand, review the related material. If you still dont understand, be sure to have
your instructor explain it to you.
1. Define recreational diving, technical diving, and explain what is not technical diving.
Recreational Diving is no-stop diving with air or enriched air to a depth no deeper
than 40 metres/130 feet, and in limited overhead environments within 40 linear
metres/130 linear feet of the surface. Typically, this means using relatively simple
equipment (single tank, regulator etc.)
Technical diving is diving beyond recreational limits. Typically this means decompression stop diving, overhead environments, using more extensive technologies and
more complicated equipment configurations (double tanks, independent regulators etc.).

Technical diving is not simply exceeding the limits of recreational diving.
2. List six general risks and hazards that technical diving presents that either dont
exist or arent as severe in recreational diving.

No direct access to the surface in an emergency due to deco requirements etc.

Hypoxia/hyperoxia resulting from switching to wrong gas which can lead to drowning.

Narcosis which can lead to poor judgment/bad decisions that can cause an accident.
DCS due to improper gas analysis, missed deco stops, loss of deco gas which can
lead to permanent injury or death.
Omitted procedures due to task loading which can lead to accidents, DCS, air
embolism, oxygen toxicity or drowning.

Drowning /air embolism due to BCD failure.
3. What single statement sums up the difference between recreational and technical diving?
In technical diving, even if you do everything right, there is still a higher inherent
potential for an accident leading to permanent injury and death.
4. What are the goals of the Tec 40 course?
To qualify you to make limited decompression dives at a level that borders between
recreational diving and technical diving.
To train you in the knowledge, procedures and motor skills required for decompression diving within the limitations of the Tec 40 certification.
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To assure you understand and acknowledge the hazards and risks associated with
this level of tec diving, and tec diving in general.
To train you to prepare for and respond to reasonably foreseeable emergencies that
may occur within Tec 40 limits.
To lay the foundation continuing your training as a full technical diver in the Tec 45
and Tec 50 courses.
5. What are the limits of the Tec 40 certification?

Dive to a maximum depth of 40 metres/130 feet using air or enriched air.

Make dives with up to 10 minutes required decompression.
Switch during decompression to enriched air nitrox with up to 50 percent oxygen
(EANx50) to make your decompression more conservative.
Although your certification qualifies you to these limits, you must also consider other
limitations, such as the environment, conditions and other factors, and apply more
conservative limits when planning dives.
These limits apply, even if you complete the Tec 40 using double cylinders and other
equipment required for Tec 45 and above.
6. What are the six characteristics of a responsible technical diver:
Self-sufficient. The diver plans and executes each dive as though having to handle
all emergencies alone, and doesnt rely on any other diver for safety or knowledge.
Team player. The diver is part of the dive team (not just a buddy more about this
shortly), and contributes as a team player on a team effort.
Disciplined. The diver doesnt cut corners, bend rules, disregard dive plans, omit
safety equipment or exceed training or equipment limits.
Wary. The diver assumes that everything can and will go wrong on a dive, and
plans contingencies for when it happens.
Physically fit. The diver exercises regularly, eats properly and consults a physician
regularly to maintain the fitness level required for the specific dives the diver makes.
Accepts Responsibility. The diver accepts responsibility for personal safety and
accepts and acknowledges the risks and demands of technical diving.
7. What should you do if you cant or wont accept the risks and responsibilities
demanded by technical diving?

If you wont, dont technical dive.
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8. Describe the proper types, number, location and configuration within your rig of
the following equipment components as to how your gear will look when worn.

Valves & Cylinders:
The cylinder should have an H or Y valve, which allows you to have two entirely
separate regulators. In case of a failure, you can shut down the gas to either one
and still access the remaining gas with the other. With Tec 40 limits, it is alternatively acceptable to have a large, main cylinder with a pony bottle mounted on the
divers left in place of an H/Y valve. While yoke connections are still common, DIN
(Deutches Industrie Norm) is preferred.

Right Regulator accessories:
The right regulator (post behind right shoulder with back mounted doubles on) supports the primary second stage on a 2 metre/7 foot hose and the LPI for the BCD. If
using a pony bottle, it also has the primary SPG.

Left Regulator accessories:
The left regulator (post behind left shoulder with back mounted doubles) supports
the alternate second stage stowed underneath the chin on a bungee necklace. In
addition, it supports the SPG clipped to the harness and the LPl for back up BCD
and/or drysuit. If using a pony bottle, the SPG is clipped behind the diver or
secured in some way to make it clearly distinguishable from the primary SPG.

BCD and harness:
Most BCDs with shoulder and hip D-rings (other suitable attachment hardware in
those locations) can be used for a Tec 40 rig. The D-rings are necessary for your
decompression cylinder. The tec harness is recommended because you will use it
when you move on to the Tec 45 course, and because you can use a double
bladder BCD

Instruments:
Basic deep technical kit instruments include an SPG (mounted as described above),
compass, dive computer or timer/depth gauge and back up computer or timer/depth
gauge. The compass is typically carried in a pouch or pocket. The computers/depth
gauges may be mounted on one or both arms.
Note: SPGs are of the mechanical type. Few technical divers use air integrated
SPGs to eliminate battery concerns. It is the one instrument that you do not have a
back up for.
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Cutting tools:
Technical divers carry two small knives or a Z knife and small knife. Cutting shears
may also be used as a cutting tool. The cutting tool is not worn on the leg to avoid
entanglement. Typical locations for cutting tools are on the waist strap, in a pouch
or pocket or on the shoulder strap. Both cutting tools should be sharp and in good
condition. Each cutting tool should be located where the diver can access it with
both hands.

Pockets:
A common and useful pocket in tec diving is the outside thigh pocket located on
your exposure suit. Tec divers may also have a small pouch located on the waist
band of the harness.

Clips:
Used extensively in tec diving. May be brass or stainless steel. They should be the
sliding gate type and not swing gate clips. The clip should also be large
enough so that they are easy to open and close, but no so large they may cause
entanglements or cause equipment to hang out/down to far. Breakaway clips should
be used on the primary second stage or any other equipment that may need to
accessed quickly in an emergency.
9. List the three types of dive computer you can use for technical deep diving with air
and enriched air, along with the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Standard Air Computer:
Advantages - simple, inexpensive and always yields a more conservative decompression profile when using EANx blends of 22% or higher.
Disadvantages limited in performance (information they provide and flexibility),
can not be used to extend no-stop limits, can not shorten deco stops and they do not
track 02 exposure.

Enriched Air Computers:
Advantages - permit the diver to set for a single EANx blend usually up to 40 or 50
percent O2 content, can extend no-stop times, shorten deco stops using EANx and
are still relatively inexpensive.
Disadvantages - cost more than air computers, limited in performance (info they
provide and flexibility) in comparison with multigas computers and they can not
track your O2 exposure if you switch to a higher blend of EANx during the dive.

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Multigas Computers:
Advantages - permit the diver to set for multiple EANx blends for the dive, diver
can change settings on the fly and calculate new extended no-stop times and
deco stops and will track your O2 exposure throughout the dive on two or more
blends of EANx.

Disadvantages costly and more complicated to use (more possibility of error).
10. What are the recommended maximum oxygen partial pressures for technical
deep diving?
1.4 working part of the dive
yourself).
1.6 at rest (deco stops as long as you are not exerting
11. Using the maximum depth formulas, what are the maximum depths and decompression depths for EANx48?

Metric: Working (1.4) depth = 19 metres

X = (14/.48) - 10
X = 19.2
Decompression (1.6) depth = 23 metres

X = (16/.48) - 10
X = 23.3
Imperial: Working (1.4) depth = 63 feet

X=(46.2/.48)-33
X=63.2
Decompression (1.6) depth = 100 feet

X = (52.8/.48) - 33
X = 100
(Metric) if your SAC rate is 24 litres/min, how much gas volume do you need for 20
minutes at 30 metres? What would your total volume be with a reserve based on the
rule of thirds?

20 x (24 x 4.0) = 1920

1920 x 1.5 = 2880
Dive time x (SAC x depth conversion)

Volume needed at depth x 1.5
(Imperial) if you SAC rate is .8 cubic feet/min, how much gas volume do you need for
20 minutes at 90 feet? What would your total volume be with a reserve based on the
rule of thirds?

20 x (. 8 x 3.7) = 59.2cf
59.2 x 1.5 = 88.8
Dive time x (SAC x depth conversion)

Volume needed at depth x 1.5
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12. What are the signs and symptoms of CNS oxygen toxicity, and whats the primary
way you avoid it?

VENTID

V - Visual disturbance

E - Ears, ringing in the ears or other sounds

N - Nausea

T - Twitching around the face

I - Irritability

D - Dizziness
The primary way you avoid CNS toxicity is to stay within the working (1.4) and
decompression/safely stops (1.6) PO2 limits.
13. What are the signs and symptoms of pulmonary oxygen toxicity, and what is the
primary way to avoid it?
Signs/Symptoms: irritation, burning sensation in the chest, coughing, reduced vital
capacity. The primary way to avoid pulmonary oxygen toxicity is to manage and
monitor your oxygen exposure and keep it within computer/table limits.
14. List your responsibilities as a team member when technical diving.

Be self sufficient, even in an emergency.

Dont let the team carry you beyond your limits.
Watch your team mates as closely as you watch yourself
When necessary, surrender your individual preferences to team needs.
Dont exert peer pressure and do not succumb to peer pressure.
15. What is the rule regarding aborting a technical dive?

Any diver can abort any dive at any time for any reason.
16. What is the primary hazard of diving negatively buoyant, and how do you manage
this hazard?
The primary hazard of negative buoyancy is having a BCD failure make it impossible to ascend due to the weight of the equipment. Negative buoyancy is managed by
having a back up BCD.

This may be another BCD (dual bladder) or using a dry suit if you are diving one.
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17. What is the primary hazard of excessive positive buoyancy, and how do you manage this hazard?
The primary hazard is that you may not be able to make a required decompression
stop and/or have an uncontrolled ascent leading to a high risk of DCI. Positive
buoyancy is managed/avoided by checking your weight system during your predive
check, wearing dual buckles on your weight belt (if using one) and checking/determining your weight requirements with near empty cylinders.
18. Describe how to find the minimum weight and the minimum buoyancy you need
for a technical deep dive.
Minimum Weight: Technical divers should weight themselves for the worst-case scenario (due to an emergency, you have used up nearly all your gas, which may weigh
up to 7kg/15lbs or more). Therefore technical divers should weight themselves to be
neutrally buoyant with nearly empty(34 bar/500psi or less) cylinders and no stage/
deco cylinder.
Minimum Buoyancy: Technical divers need sufficient buoyancy to float with their
heads comfortably above the surface while wearing full doubles and full stage/
decompression bottles. One BCD bladder should be able to accomplish this without
using the second or back up BCD and or dry suit:
19. How does a technical dive in a dry suit differ from a recreational dive in a dry suit?
Whats the recommended number of recreational dives in a dry suit that you
should have before technical diving in one?
In recreational diving, using the dry suit to control buoyancy is the preferred method of controlling buoyancy, however on a tec dive, the technical diver should only
add just enough gas to avoid suit squeeze. This avoids an uncontrolled ascent when
ascending. Technical divers must therefore adjust the gas in both the dry suit and
the BCD during a tec dive. Adding too much air to the dry suit is one more potential hazard for the technical diver. In addition, dry suits add an additional hose to
the technical kit and affects body control and buoyancy underwater. You should
have at least 20 dives in the suit before attempting a tec dive or whatever it takes to
feel comfortable in using the suit with a tec kit.
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20. Describe the procedure for sharing gas with your long hose.

Out of gas diver signals, out of gas.
The donor passes the second stage from the mouth to the receiver, unlooping the
hose from over the head with an arm twist while doing so. The donor then switches
to the short hose secondary hanging from the neck. If the hose is clipped off
(during a deco stop), the donor jerks it off the breakaway clip and stays on the
stage/deco cylinder.

Abort the dive.
21. What are the emergency procedures for a massive regulator (second stage) free
flow at depth?

Breathe from unaffected regulator.

Reach behind and close the valve to the free flowing regulator.
Abort the dive.
22. What are the emergency procedures for a damaged doubles manifold at depth?

Reach back and close the isolator valve.
Try to determine which side is leaking. lf you cant see where the bubbles are
coming from, check your SPG. If it is dropping rapidly, the leak is on the left side.
If not, it is on right.
Abort the dive breathing from the leaking side to take advantage of what gas
remains, and switch to the conserved side when the gas runs out of the leaking side.
23. What is the over-riding mission of all technical dives?

Return with your team mates alive and uninjured.
24. How and why does cutting corners lead to accidents in technical diving?
It creates a potential hazard for the diver or the potential for an error. Given that in
technical diving the error chain to an accident is significantly shorter than in recreational diving, cutting corners has a high risk of causing or starting a chain of
errors that lead to an incident or emergency.
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Tec 40 Knowledge Development Two

Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 64-64, Thinking Like a Technical
Diver I, Tec Exercise 1.7
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 88-93 Introduction to
Decompression Stop and Gas Switch, Extended No Stop Diving, Equivalent
Air Depths (Continued) and Equivalent Narcotic Depths, Ideal Enriched Air
for a Particular Depth, Determining Gas Supply and Reserve Requirements for
Multiple Depths and Decompression stops (first page only); pgs 97-99 Desk Top
Decompression Software Tec Exercise 2.2, Questions 1-8 & 10. Pg 157 down to
Example on pg 158, Planning a Decompression Dive Using a Single Gas Computer.
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 101-107, Thinking Like a
Technical Diver II, Team Diving II, Tec Exercise 2.3, pgs 109-113, Predive Check,
Technical Diving Hand Signals, Tec Exercise 2.4, questions 1-3 and 9-15.
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 167, When to Make Cylinder
Switches, pgs 162-166, Emergencies III, Tec Exercise 3.3
Tec 40 Knowledge Review Two

1. Describe a suitable, rigged stage deco bottle package.
The typical stage/deco cylinder has a nylon rope or strap approximately 46cm/18 in
(more or less to individual needs) running from under the valve opening or knob
down to a band around the cylinder, with a clip at each end. The regulator attached
has only a second stage with a breakaway mount clip and an SPG attached to the
first stage. The mouth piece may have a cover or block.
The cylinder should have at least two bands (bungee or inner tubing) to hold the
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second stage and SPG (if it is not on a short hose) hoses securely against the cylinder. The
nylon strap/rope may also have plastic tubing around it that serves as a handle when handling the cylinder above and underwater.
2. Briefly list the guidelines regarding material and equipment compatibility using enriched
air and oxygen. What do you risk if you fail to follow these guidelines?
When using blends of 41 percent oxygen or higher all equipment that comes in contact
with the gas must be rated for oxygen service. Oxygen service means the equipment is
oxygen clean - free of contaminants and made of materials that will not combust when in
contact with higher percentages of O2.
Manufacturers Recommendations: In general, for blends of 40 percent or less the equipment does not need to be rated for oxygen service; however you should check with the
manufacturer of the equipment and/or local law and follow any requirements or guidelines listed for the equipment you will be using
Maintain O2 Clean: Do not expose oxygen clean equipment to air fills that will void the
oxygen clean service rating or to other contaminants.

Markings /Decals: Leave EANx cylinder decals in place after diving.
Fill Slowly: Fill all cylinders slowly and open and close all valves slowly to minimize
heating and cooling from compression and decompression of the gas.

rotect From Contamination: Keep O2 clean equipment away from contaminants like oils,
P
exhaust fumes etc. Bag equipment when possible and rinse and store as soon as possible
after use.
Re-clean Annually: Have equipment O2 cleaned annually.

Not following these guidelines can result in fire or explosion.
3. Explain how you determine your required decompression stops using a single gas computer or table, and how to use switches to enriched air or oxygen to make the decompression more conservative.
You plan the dive as if you will use air (or EANx you will use on the bottom) for the entire
dive, including decompression. Use desktop decompression software to generate tables
based on using a single gas, or to estimate the required stops your dive computer will give.
During the dive, follow the table, or your computer set for air or the bottom EANx. Follow
the decompression schedule, but you can switch to EANx or oxygen (as a Tec 45 diver or
higher) to make your decompression more conservative.
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4. What do you assume your END is with enriched air? Why?

The END with EANx is the same as air. Oxygen is probably just as narcotic as
nitrogen (possibly more so). Given that very little oxygen in each breath is metabolized or otherwise consumed by the body, you assume your END does not change.
5. What are the advantages and risks of using desk top decompression software?

Advantages:
Generates custom tables for the dive
Can generate contingency tables if time/depth is exceeded
Saves time
Avoids human calculation errors
Allows for easy modification of the dive profile (depth, time gas blend etc.)
Can be generated at the dive site with a laptop computer
Calculates 02 exposure along with gas consumption and N2 tracking

Disadvantages/risks:
Because people vary in their physiology, no software, dive computer or table can
guarantee that DCS or oxygen toxicity will never occur even within the limits they
provide. Extremely long dives, dives involving gases other than oxygen and nitrogen, and dives with reverse profiles may carry a risk of being experimental because
they may they take you outside the body of established test data.
6. What should you assume about every technical dive, and what should you take
for granted?
Murphys law: Anything that can go wrong, will go wrong. You should take nothing
for granted.
7. What is your most important resource in a tec diving emergency, and what provides
this resource?
Your most important resource in a tec diving emergency is time. Your reserve provide this resource.
8. What is the principle of your gas reserve?
At the end of the dive, if you had no emergency, you should still have all of the
reserve left in all your cylinder(s).
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9. What is the recall phrase for the seven segments of planning a tec dive, and what
does the phrase stand for?

A Good Divers Main Objective Is To Live

Good - Gas management
Divers - Decompression
Main - Mission
Objective - Oxygen
Is Inert gas narcosis
To - Thermal considerations
Live Logistics
10. Why do all team members on a technical dive usually use the same gases?

Allows team members to share gas in an emergency.

Makes observing team members protocols and gas use easier.

Reduces confusion.
Helps to keep the team together since they must follow the same protocols, schedules and limits you do.
11. What four markings should be on every cylinder used on a technical dive? Which
should be easy to read by all team members while worn? Why are these markings
required?

Color coding - Makes it easy to determine if the gas is air, oxygen or enriched air.
Maximum depth Important in avoiding hyperoxia, which may lead to convulsions/
drowning.

This should be easy to read by all team members.

ame - This is essential in avoiding picking up the wrong gas. While tec divers
N
strive to use the same gases throughout the dive, there may be times when there may
be differences between team members. Breathing the wrong gas will affect your
deco stops and can lead to DCl, hypoxia, hyperoxia. This should be easy to read by
all team members.
Other markings - Content stickers, warnings to other divers not to remove etc.
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12. Who must check the pressure and oxygen analysis of every cylinder used for a
technical dive?

The diver who will be using the cylinder.
13. What is the predive check recall phrase in tec diving? What does it stand for, and
what steps does the predive check include? Being Wary Reduces All Failures.

Being: BCD. Confirm connection and proper operation of both BCDs.
Wary: Weight. Confirm weight is properly secured and/or that ample buoyancy and
back up buoyancy is available if the diver is heavy.
Reduces: Releases. Confirm all releases are secure and intact and that stage/deco
bottles can be cut away in case of an emergency.
All: Air. Confirm all manifold valves are open, test breathe regulators, confirm that
the long hose is not trapped, confirm turn pressure.
Failures: Final check-head to toe check for loose or missing gear may include bubble check and/or descent check.
14. What is your turn pressure if you have 190 bar or 2800 psi in your cylinders and
your are using a reserve of one-third?

(Metric): 130
190 rounds down to 180/3 = 60
190 - 60 = 130
(Imperial): 1900
2800 rounds down to 2700/3 = 900
2800 - 900 = 1900
15. Describe how to perform a bubble check and a descent check.

Bubble Check: Each diver leans back to submerge the valves underwater and a
team mate checks the valves, regulators, SPG, stage/deco valves and regulators for
bubbles. In some instances, it may be necessary to descend deeper (rough surface
conditions etc) to perform the check.

escent Check: When feasible, this is done at the level of the shallowest deco stop.
D
Team mates do a final check of equipment looking for loose gear, trapped hoses;
insure the stage bottles are secure and that everyone is breathing the correct gas.
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16. The thumbs up means_________________________ .

End the dive now (command signal).
17. What is the ideal position and stop depth level when decompressing? What is the
most important skill you need for decompressing?
Ideally, divers should be in a horizontal position, with stop depth at mid chest.
Buoyancy and the ability to maintain depth for an extended period is the most
important skill you need for decompressing.
Student Diver statement: Ive reviewed the questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely
and I now understand what I missed.
Signature__________________________________________ Date _________________
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Tec 40 Knowledge Development Three

Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pg 204, sidebar, How Do I Figure 1.5
Times with a Computer?
Tec 40 Knowledge Review Three

1. What is one of the most common preventable causes of death in technical diving?
Oxygen toxicity caused by switching to the wrong gas at depth -- too high oxygen for
the depth.
2. What is the recall acronym for gas switches? Describe the gas switch procedure and
how the acronym prompts you.

NO TOX
N - Note your name and the maximum depth on the cylinder.
O - Observe the actual depth on your computer/depth gauge and compare it to the
max depth on the cylinder label.
T - Turn open the valve and check the cylinder pressure.
O - Orient the second stage (deploy hose, remove mouthblock if there is one, etc.)
for breathing.
X - Examine your team mates. Follow the hose from their mouthes to the cylinders
and check the markings on the cylinders and compare them with the actual depth.
3. List five guidelines that reduce the chance of accidentally switching to an unsafe gas
blend at depth.

1. When feasible, do not take the cylinder deeper than you can safely breathe from it.
2. Personally, analyze your gas and mark the cylinder accordingly.
3. Block the regulator mouthpieces on cylinders that you can not breathe from safely.
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4. Follow the complete gas switch procedure, step by step.

5. Never get complacent.
4. Describe what to do if you experience possible symptoms of CNS oxygen toxicity.

Immediately switch to your back gas (lower O2). lf you are at depth on back gas,
ascend immediately. Check your depth and reconfirm what gas you should be using.
Remain on back gas for at least 5 minutes after all CNS symptoms subside before
returning to your higher oxygen gas. Be sure not to switch back until shallower than
the max depth.
5. What is the ideal gas blend for a dive to 25 metres/83 feet?

EANx40
6. What is the general procedure if you cant return to your planned ascent line?
You can attempt a quick search (time and gas permitting), but the most common
procedure is to deploy a lift bag/DSMB and ascend along the line.
7. How do you learn to account for environmental variables, such as current, visibility,
temperature and waves when planning a tec dive?
Get an orientation to the new area and to any special procedures and techniques that
apply to it.
Get the orientation from an experienced local tec diver ideally, a technical diving
instructor.
8. What are four guidelines to consider when planning a tec dive in an unfamiliar
environment?
Gain experience with a new environment before making challenging tec dives in it.
Make recreational and/or no-stop dives initially.
Master new, area specific equipment and procedures in controlled conditions before
applying them on more challenging tec dives.
Consult local tec divers. Local methodologies evolve based on local needs; just
because something works well in one environment doesnt mean that its suited
to another.

Recognize the difference between local methods and inappropriate methods.
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9. What assumption do technical divers make when they plan a dive?

That they may need to complete the dive alone.
10. List six principles for surviving a tec dive.

1. The principle of secondary life support

2, The principle of gas reserve
3, The principle of self sufficiency
4. The principle of depth.
5. The principle of simplicity (KISS)
6. The principle of procedure and discipline
11. As a Tec 40 diver, what should you do if you exceed your planned depth and time?
Immediately ascend and consult your computer. Your allowable dive time will likely
be much shorter than you planned.
If you exceeded your depth significantly and/or for more than a minute, end the dive
immediately.
12. As a Tec 40 diver, what should you do if you omit decompression?
If you can, redescend and complete the stop, plus one minute, then finish decompression according to your dive computer.
If you cant redescend, stay at the next stop for the combined time of both stops.
Extend your last two stops (if two or more) by 1.5 times what your computer
requires, and/or as long as you can with the gas you have.
If you computer locks out you should have your planned decompression schedule
with you (on a slate, backup tables, etc.) in case of this kind of emergency.
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Tec 45
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 10-33, Equipment I, Tec Exercise
1.2, pgs 80-87, Equipment II, Tec Exercise 2.1, pgs 142-145, Equipment III, Tec
Exercise 3.1
Watch the TecRec Equipment Setup and Key Skills video.
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 93-97, Determining Gas Supply
and Reserve Requirements for Multiple Depths and Decompression Stops
pgs 146 -161, Gas Planning III, Tec Exercise 3.2
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 167-172, Turn Around Points and
Environmental Variables, Tec Exercise 3.4, questions 2-4
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 173-175, Team Diving III, Tec
Exercise 3.5

1. What are the limits of your training as a Tec 45 diver?
To qualify you to make limited decompression dives using air, enriched air and
oxygen to a depth of 45 metres/145 feet or less. Certification as a Tec 45 diver
qualifies you to use a single decompression gas of up to 100 percent oxygen to make
your decompression more conservative or to accelerate your decompression.
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2. What are your responsibilities during the Tec 45 course?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Follow the instructors directions and dive plans strictly, and to not
separate from the instructor or your dive team.
To take all aspects of what youre learning seriously, and to display
an attitude and conduct that is consistent with that expected of teamoriented technical diver.
To refrain from tec diving beyond your previous certification level
outside this course until youre fully qualified and certified at this
new level.
To maintain adequate physical and mental health, and to alert the
instructor to any problems you have with them.
To accept the risk for this type of diving, and for specific risks unique
to each dive environment, and to immediately notify the instructor if
this risk becomes intolerable for you.
3. What is meant by standardized technical rig and why do you need to apply it?

The technical community has evolved a standardized technical rig that

minimizes and streamlines your gear so that nothing dangles, everything is
easily accessible and so you eliminate the unnecessary.
With the extensive equipment need in technical diving, you must apply the
standardized rig philosophy to minimize confusion and procedural error due
to equipment task loading, and to assure streamlining, which avoids
entanglements and reduces wasted energy due to drag.
the following equipment components and how your gear will look when worn:

Manifold (if applicable) - a valve with twin regulator posts that can shut
down gas to either regulator and still allow the other access to all gas in
both cylinders (in case of a freeflow malfunction).
It may also have an isolator manifold, which is a valve that separates the
cylinders and saves half the remaining gas in the event of a manifold leak.
DIN (Deutches Industrie Norm) system is preferred over the yoke system. If a
single cylinder is used, valve should be a H or Y configuration, again DIN
preferred over yoke.
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Right regulator and accessories Attached to the right post (post behind
divers right shoulder) regulator with a low pressure inflator hose and
a single second stage on a 2m/7 hose and a LPI hose for primary
BCD inflator.
Sidemount Attached to right cylinder with a single second stage on a 2m/7

hose and LPI hose (shorter than backmount) attaches to the back up inflator.
Additional SPG on a short, 5 7 cm/2 3 inch hose.
Left regulator and accessories Attached to the left post regulator with the
SPG and a single second stage on a standard length (about 80 cm/32 in)
hose. This regulator will also have your back up BCD/dry suit hose.
Sidemount will be similar, however, with a different hose length low pressure
inflator and LPI attaches to primary BCD.
BCD and harness - The basic deep technical rig calls for a harness that sits
on top of an interchangeable BCD bladder or wings (may be single or dual).
BCD inflator hose located over the left should and retained. Wings may be
bungeed or unbungeed. Back up BCD clipped off or bungeed to the wing.
The harness and wing(s) attaches to double cylinders via recessed wing nuts
that screw down on the cylinder band bolts. The harness should have D
rings at the shoulder and hips for attaching stage cylinders.
In the case of sidemount, the BCD bladder or wings (may be single or dual)
may or may not be incorporated into the fabric harness. BCD inflator hose
located over the left shoulder and retained. Wings may be bungeed or
unbungeed. Back up BCD clipped off or bungeed to the wing. There are no
bands to mount to with sidemount, however, the harness should have D rings
at the shoulder and hips, however, may have a metal rail system at the
bottom and back of the harness to connect the lower part of the main
cylinder and stage cylinders.
Instruments Basic deep technical rig instrumentation: SPG, compass,
computer or timer/depth gauge and back up computer or timer/ depth gauge.
Technical divers generally arm mount instruments (SPG typically is clipped
to the harness somewhere).
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Compass liquid filled stowed in pocket

SPG mechanical
Timing Device & Depth Gauge typically integrated into computer
but may be separate instruments used in conjunction w/ dive tables.
Cutting tools You always dive with at least two cutting tools. Carry at least
one where you can deploy it with either hand. Examples of cutting tools are:
dive/bosun/Z knife, EMT Shears, multipurpose tool.
Pockets and clips - To minimize confusion and bulk, avoid large pocket
pouches on harness; small pockets for back up gear (e. g. , spare mask) out
of the way at hips okay. Most useful pocket in tec diving is on the outside of
the thigh on exposure suit (some manufacturers make a strap on pocket if
your exposure suit doesnt have one).
Use brass or stainless steel clips on accessories, SPG, etc. Mount clip on
accessory, not on the BCD. Sliding gate clips (a. k. a. dog clips) preferred
by most divers to marine snaps (a. k. a. swinging gate clips) because they
wont accidentally snap on to things by themselves. Use clips for the
environment smaller clips in warm water (no gloves needed) and larger
clips for cold water. Breakaway clips used for items that need to used quickly
and/or in an emergency.
5. Describe a suitably rigged stage/deco bottle.

The typical stage/deco cylinder has a nylon rope or strap approximately

46cm/18 in (more or less) running from under the valve or knob down to a
band around the cylinder with a brass or stainless steel clip at each end. The
regulator has single second stage with a breakaway clip and an SPG. The
SPG may be on a short or long hose. If on a short hose, the gauge is secured
to the valve. If on a long hose it along with the regulator hose are looped
along the cylinder and secured with bungee or shock cord. The mouthpiece
may or may not have a block on it.
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6. List three reasons why tec divers consider a slate standard equipment.

Communication
Tracking dive information
Key information/reminders turn points, max depth, etc.
7. List three types of dive computers you can use for technical diving with air and
enriched air, along with the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Standard Air computer

Advantages inexpensive, easy to use
Disadvantages for tec diving not effective for deco profiles or must
used in gauge mode, they do not track O2 exposure

Single Gas/Enriched Air computer
Advantages permit the diver to use different bottom gas,
inexpensive, easy to use.

Disadvantages do not allow for accelerated deco profiles, will not
track O2 exposure if you switch to higher blend of EANx during the dive.

Multigas Computers
Advantages permit the diver to use multiple gasses which can be
switched on the fly and track divers O2 exposure.

Disadvantages more costly and more complicated to use.
8. Name two buoyancy control devices and explain what is meant by appropriate
back up buoyancy.

Technical buoyancy compensation device and a dry suit. Appropriate back

up buoyancy means a secondary piece of equipment designed for and
commonly used by divers to establish neutral and buoyancy underwater and
positive buoyancy at the surface after the failure of the primary BCD. Note
in the case of very heavy kit (large capacity steel cylinder, metal backplate
etc), a dry suit may not be able to hold enough gas to support the diver and
would not be a suitable back up in the case of a primary BCD failure.
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9. How does a technical dive in dry suit differ from a recreational dive? What is the recommended number of recreational dives in a dry suit that you should have before using it on
a technical dive?

On a technical dive, the diver should use the BCD and only add enough air to the dry suit
to offset squeeze. This makes it easier and quicker to dump air from the dry suit when the
diver ascends and avoids the situation where the diver would need both hands to dump air
from both the BCD and dry suit. A diver should have at least 20 logged recreational dives
in a dry suit before using one for tec diving.
10. What are four different weighting options for tec diving and list the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Weight belt, integrated weight system, weight harness and combination.

a.
Weight belt

Advantages: simple, readily available when needed.

Disadvantages: must don after putting on rig so its not trapped by crotch
strap; can be hard to position securely amid other components. Note: Since losing weights on a deco dive can be hazardous (discussed in a moment), some
divers intentionally wear their crotch straps over their weight belts, knowing

b.

c.

d.

theyll have to release it in weight ditching emergency.

Integrated weight system
Advantages: no need to put on last; prepositioned amid rest of rig
Disadvantages: must have harness system that accepts one; makes already
heavy rig heavier; may add clutter to configuration (depends on design)
Weight harness
Advantages: put on before rig; does not add to rigs weight; provides key advantages of both weight belt and weight system
Disadvantages: may be awkward to adjust and position so that rig doesnt
interfere with weight ditching; may interfere somewhat with putting rig on.
Combination
Advantages: loss of one weight system doesnt lose all your weight; may make
configuration and donning easier.
Disadvantages: more complicated preparation, one more thing to remeber.
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this hazard?

The primary hazard of negative buoyancy is having a BCD failure making it impossible to
ascend due to the weight of the equipment. Negative buoyancy is managed/avoided by
having a back up BCD. This may be another BCD (dual bladder) or using a dry suit if you
are diving one.
12. List the guidelines regarding material and equipment compatibility using enriched air
and oxygen. What do you risk if you fail to follow these guidelines?

In general, for blends of 40% oxygen or less. regulators and other equipment does
not need to be rated for oxygen service, however, not all manufactures follow this
guideline. You should check with the manufacturer of the equipment or check with
local law and follow any guidelines listed for the equipment you will be using.
Above 40%, the equipment needs to be oxygen service rate both oxygen clean and
oxygen compatible.
Exposing oxyge clean equipment to air fills or other sources of contamination that
will render equipment no longer the oxygen clean.
Equipment should be oxygen cleaned annually or if the equipment has been
exposed to contaminants.
Cylinders and other equipment should have labels in place to inform blender, diver
and other dive team members that they cylinders and other equipment are rated/
cleaned for O2 service.
When filling, fill all cylinders slowly to minimize compression heating. Open valves
to pressurize your regulator slowly for the same reason. Failure to follow these
guidelines could result in a fire or explosion.
13. List four reasons why DSMBs are replacing lift bags in tec diving situations.
1. DSMBs stand higher in the water, making them preferred for rough conditions
and drift decompression.
2. DSMBs are more compact on your rig, making them popular when sending one
up is an emergency alert only.
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3. DSMBs have no-spill designs (though several lift bags have these, too,
now), so accidentally losing tension on the line isnt likely to result in a
spilled buoy.
4. Several types of DSMBs (and lift bags) have LP inflation ports that allow
you to fill away from your body or mouth without using a second stage.
This minimizes the chance of regulator freeze, as well as minimizing reel
tangle issues.
14. (Metric) If your SAC rate is 24 litres/minute, how much gas volume do you need for
20 minutes at 30 metres? What would your total volume be with a reserve based on
the rule of thirds?

24 x 20 x 4. 0 = 1920 liters; 1920 x 1.5 = 2880. Diver needs 1920 litres for the
working/bottom part of the dive and 2880 litres total for the rule of thirds.
14. (Imperial) If you SAC rate is . 8 cfm, how much gas volume do you need for 20 minutes at 90 feet?
.7 x 20 x 4. 0 = 56 cubic feet; 56 x 1.5 = 84 cf. Diver needs 56 cubic feet of
gas for the working/bottom part of the dive and 84 cubic feet total for the rule
of thirds.
15. (Metric) What is your turn pressure for your back gas based on the dive profile
information below? Do you have enough back gas to do the dive and return with a
one-third reserve?

Cylinders = 17 litres filled to 200 bar

Bottom Time = 20 minutes

Depth = 44 metres

Decompression:

2 minute ascent to deep stop on back gas

2 minutes at 28 metres (deep stop) on back gas

2 minute ascent to first stop on back gas

2 minutes at 12 metres on back gas

4 minutes at 9 metres on EANx 50

4 minutes at 6 metres on Oxygen

12 minutes at 5 metres on Oxygen

Working SAC = 18

Deco SAC = 15
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Doubles volume: 17 x 2 x 200 = 6,800

Bottom volume: 20 x 18 x 5.5 = 1980
Bottom pressure: ( 1980 6800) x 200 = 58.24
Ascent to deep stop: 2 x 18 x 4.6 = 165.6 Ascent pressure: (165.6 6800) x 200 = 4.87
Deep stop: 2 x 15 x 4.0 = 120
Deep stop pres: (120 6800) x 200 = 3.53
Ascent to first stop: 2 x 18 x 3.1 = 111.6
Ascent pressure: (111.6 6800) x 200 = 3.28
First stop: 2 x 15 x 2.2 = 66
Stop pressure: (66 6800) x 200 = 1.94
Total volume of back gas needed = 2443.2 Total pressure of back gas needed = 71.86
Reserve needed: 6800 3 = 2267
Reserve remaining: 6800 2443.2 = 4356.8
Is there enough back gas to do the dive? Yes Turn pressure: 200 58.24 = 141.76
15. (Imperial) What is your turn pressure for your back gas based on the dive profile
one-third reserve?

Cylinders = 108 cf filled to 2400 psi

Cylinder Baseline (doubles) = .045

Bottom Time = 20 minutes

Depth = 145 feet

Decompression:

2 minute ascent to deep stop on back gas

2 minutes at 92.5 feet (deep stop) on back gas

2 minute ascent to first stop on back gas

2 minutes at 40 feet on back gas

4 minutes at 30 feet on EANx 50

4 minutes at 20 feet on Oxygen

12 minutes at 15 feet on Oxygen

Working SAC = .64

Deco SAC = .53
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Doubles volume = 216cf

Bottom volume: 20 x .64 x 5.5 = 70.4
Bottom pressure: (70.4 216) x 2400 = 782.22
Ascent to deep stop: 2 x .64 x 4.6 = 5.89 Ascent pressure: (5.89 216) x 2400 = 65.44
Deep stop volume: 2 x .53 x 4.0 = 4.24
Deep stop press: (4.24 216) x 2400 = 47.11
Ascent to first stop: 2 x .64 x 3.1 = 3.97
Ascent pressure: (3.97 216) x 2400 = 44.11
First stop volume: 2 x .53 x 2.2 = 2.33
Stop pressure: (2.33 216) x 2400 = 25.89
Total volume of back gas needed: = 86.83 Total pressure of back gas needed = 182.55
Reserve needed: 216 3 = 72
Reserve remaining: 216 86.83 = 129.17
Is there enough back gas to do the dive? Yes Turn pressure: 2400 782.22 = 1617.78
16. Explain how you determine your required decompression stops using a single gas computer or table, and how to use switches to enriched air or oxygen to make the decompression
more conservative.

Set the computer to your bottom gas, but use a richer blend on your deco gases. You follow
your computer and deco based on bottom gas. By using richer blends for you deco gas you
add in a level of conservatism. You can generate a table from desk top software to track
your actual oxygen exposure since the computer will be tracking a lesser exposure.
17. What is a gas-switch, extended no-stop dive?

A gas switch extended no-stop dive is a multilevel dive where the technical diver ascends to
a shallower depth and switches to a gas blend higher in oxygen to extend the no-stop time
without exceeding oxygen partial pressure limits.
18. What should you do if you find narcosis affecting your or your team mates ability to
accomplish the mission and/or dive safely?

Ascend to a shallower depth and if necessary end the dive.
19. What is your END with enriched air and why?

The END with EANx is the same as air because oxygen is very likely just as narcotic
as nitrogen. Given all the oxygen is not metabolized by the body, you assume your
END does not change.
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20. What is the ideal oxygen in a gas mix for a dive to 25 metres/83 feet?
40%

Team mates signal each other if they notice anything out of sorts. They
remind each other to check gas supplies, time, depth, etc.
22. Where is your team mates rank in your chain of back ups? What is the one back
up your team mates provide that you cannot provide?

Your team mate is second, third or even further into your back up chain,
providing a back up only if your self reliant back ups fail. The exception is
that your team mate provides a back up brain, which is the only thing you
cannot provide yourself.
23. What are four guidelines to consider when planning to tec dive in an unfamiliar
environment?
1. Gain experience with a new environment by doing recreational no-stop
dives first.
2. Master new area specific equipment and procedures in controlled
conditions before applying them on a more challenging tec dive.
3. Consult local tec divers for information on the site and for local
methodologies.
4. Remember to recognize the difference between local methods and
inappropriate and unsafe methods.
24. What is the myth about learning to dive with certain methodologies or in certain
environments?

The myth is learning to dive in a specific environment or with a specific

methodology, qualifies you to dive everywhere.
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Tec Diver III, Tec Exercise 3.6
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 194-201, Gas Planning IV,
Tec Exercise 4.2
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 202-209, Emergencies IV,
Tec Exercise 4.3

1. Define trust me dive and explain you should not make them.
A trust me dive is a dive in which one diver relies on another to complete
the dive safely. Trust me dives should not be done because it violates one of
the primary safety rules for tec diving, which is the ability to complete the
dive independently at any point during the dive. It relegates your safety to
another diver.
2. List the six principals for surviving a tec dive.

1. The principle of secondary life support you should have at least two
independent usable regulators, two independent sources of time, depth and
decompression information, and at least two methods of controlling buoyancy.
You should have at least two of anything that keeps you alive.
2. The principle of gas reserve you should have ample gas to handle reasonably
possible emergencies and still complete your decompression (usually thirds).
3. The principle of self sufficiency at any point in a dive, you should be able to
complete it independently.
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4. The principle of depth -- your dive plan should account for narcosis,
decompression, oxygen toxicity, and gas supply needs based on a planned
depth and time and/or a maximum contingency depth and time that you do
not exceed.
5. The principle of simplicity -- your dive should be planned as simple as
possible, with complexities eliminated.
6. The principle of procedure and discipline you follow the rules and work
the procedures without exception on every dive, no matter how familiar
the dive and no matter how much experience you have.
3. What is run time? How do you use it?

Runtime is a continuous elapsed schedule you follow from the beginning of

the dive to the end of the dive when following a table. It includes bottom
time, stops, and ascents (though it does not include all ascents between deco
stops). Runtime can be used for gas-switch extended no-stop dives to add in
a measure of conservatism. By leaving slightly ahead of schedule, the dive
becomes more conservative.
4. Explain what you should do if you cannot switch to your shallower gas blend when
making a gas switch extended no-stop dive.

Ascend immediately. You should still be within no-stop limits. If you have
passed the no-stop limit for your back gas, make a 3 minute stop or longer at
5 metres/15 feet.
5. Gas matching (optional): You are diving double 18 litre/104 cubic foot (working
pressure 2400) cylinders filled to 150 bar/2200 psi. Your team mate will use double
21 litre/120 cubic foot (working pressure 2400) cylinders filled to 160 bar/2350 psi.
If you gas match, what pressure should you have remaining at the end of the dive,
and at what pressure should you turn the dive?
Metric
Determine the actual volume in each set of doubles:
150 x (18 x 2) = 5400
160 x (21 x 2) = 6720
Determine reserve for diver with larger cylinders: 6720 3 = 2240. Divide
the reserve by the capacity of the smaller cylinders: 2240 36 = 62. 2
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62. 2 equals the reserve, in bar, the diver with smaller cylinders should
have at the end of the dive. Subtract this from the total bar to get the
pressure needed for the dive AND to return to the surface for the smaller
cylinders: 150 62. 2 = 87. 8
Divide 87. 8 2 = 43. 9 since you can only use half of this for the
bottom part of the dive. The other half is for returning to the surface/first
deco cylinder.
Subtract: 150 43. 9 = 106. 1 = turn pressure.
Imperial
Determine baseline for each set of doubles:
(104 x 2) 2400 = . 087
(120 x 2) 2400 = . 1
Determine actual volume in larger cylinders: 2350 x . 1 = 235 cf Divide
by thee to get reserve: 235 3 = 78. 3 which equals reserve to
accommodate larger cylinders.
Divide the reserve in the larger cylinders by the baseline of the smaller cylinder
to get the reserve in psi needed for the smaller cylinders to match the reserve of the
larger cylinders: 78. 3 .087 = 900.
Subtract the reserve pressure from the actual pressure in the smaller
cylinders to the pressure needed for the dive and to return to the surface/
first deco cylinder: 2200 900 = 1300.
Divide 1300 2 = 650 since you can only use half of this for the bottom
part of the dive. The other half is for returning to the surface/first deco
cylinder.
Subtract : 2200 650 = 1550 = turn pressure.
6. What should you do to ensure you dont lose your decompression cylinders?

Never
stage them if you have any question whether or not you will be able to
retrieve them. Carry them with you.
Insure the cylinders are tied off and/or secured wherever you stage them.
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Insure the valve is turned off especially if you stage them.

Try to stage them away from other divers.
Mark the cylinders well to inform other divers of their purpose and content.
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7. What do you do if your dive goes deeper and/or longer than planned?

If you are diving with a multigas computer, it may have the ability to calculate
adjusted stop depths and times. If you do not have the capability to adjust on the fly,
insure you have contingency/bail out tables to accommodate a change in depth and
time to your original profile.
8. What should you do if you miss a decompression stop?

It depends on the situation. If you can, immediately (within one minute) redescend
and complete the stop, plus one minute, according the normal schedule. If you
cannot redescend (gas supply restriction), stay at the next stop for the combined
time of both stops (gas permitting). Extend your 6 meter/20 foot stop and your final
stop by 1.5 times the normal schedule.
9. What should you do if you have a delay in your ascent to a decompression stop?

The simplest action is that if you are delayed ascending to your first decompression
stop, add the delay to your bottom time and decompress according to the new
schedule. Between stops, delays are not usually as critical unless they are excessive
(more than two minutes). Do not count the delay as part of your decompression
time when you resume decompression.
10. What should you do if you omit some or all of your decompression?

If you omit the decompression from 6 metres/20 feet or shallower and do not have
DCS symptoms, return to the stop (gas permitting) within one minute and complete
your decompression schedule. Extend your last stop several minutes or more. If you
omit decompression from 6 metres/20 feet or shallower and do not have DCS
symptoms, but it takes longer than one minute to return to your stop depth, extend
your 6 meter/20 foot stop and/or the final stop by 1.5 (or longer on the final stop)
times the normal decompression. If you omit decompression from deeper than 6
metres/20 feet, return to the first stop as quickly as possible (ideally less than 5
minutes) and decompress according to schedule up to and including the 12 metre/ 40
foot stop. Extend the 9 metre/30 foot stop and all shallower stops by 1.5 times the
normal schedule. If you skipped all your decompression, assume you will get bent
and have your team begin preparing for emergency evacuation. Stay on 100 percent
oxygen until EMS arrives or you reach emergency medical care.
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11. What should you do if you run out of gas?

Your first option is to see if your team mates or support can help by sharing
gas or bringing some down. If you exhaust a deco gas, ascend to the first
stop where you can use your next gas. Combine missed stops with the stop at
that depth unless this will prematurely exhaust that gas, too. In that case,
follow the decompression schedule and extend the shallower stops as much
as possible. If you exhaust a deco gas that you are using with a single gas
computer or table to make your decompression more conservative, simply
complete decompression on back gas.
12. How do you handle a lift bag that spills as it ascends be cannot be pulled back
down to be redeployed?

One option is to send up a team mates lift bag/DSMB clipped to the same
line via carabineer or large bolt snap. A second option is for your team mate
to deploy a lift bag separately from yours.
13. What is a drift kit? What items would you have in it, and when would you use it?

A drift kit is a pocket or watertight container that contains items to make the
diver more visible at the surface. At a minimum it contains a signal tube or
DSMB and a whistle. Additional items in higher risk environments are:
signal mirror, portable EPIRB, flares and dye markers. It is used when the
diver surfaces and is unable to see or communicate with boat and/or it is too
far or too difficult to swim.
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Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 192-194, Equipment IV,
Tec Exercise 4.1
Tec Diver IV, Tec Exercise 4.4
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 222-227, Oxygen Window and
Accelerated Decompression, Deep Stops, Tec Exercise 5.1
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 228-229, Techniques IV,
Tec Exercise 5.2

1. Explain the difference and give examples of acceptable and unacceptable homemade
gear. What is the most common homemade item used by tec divers?

Homemade gear is equipment that is made or modified by the diver versus equipment
that is manufactured by a dive company. Acceptable examples of homemade gear are:
specialized compass slates, bungee clips for securing accessories or stage/deco
cylinder straps. Unacceptable examples are: regulators, BCDs, lights or other
equipment that are critical to safety.
2. List four attitudes that characterize leading tec divers.

1. Humility -- they realize that they dont know everything, and that there may be more
than one right way to do something. Their ego doesnt get in the way of learning,
doing or teaching.
2. Open mindedness -- they never reject something just because its new or different,
and they listen to other viewpoints. They dont fear change and theyre not threatened
by differing opinions.
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3. Analytical -- they accurately and realistically weigh the merits of a technology or

procedures for themselves and never accept something just because its new or
because someone else thinks its better. They dont let what they like, dislike or
want to believe influence their conclusions.
4. Competent -- while theyre open to change and alternative ways to do things,
their own methodologies are solid and they can demonstrate a rationale and realistic basis for each. Theyre quietly confident about how they dive, and they dont
choose their methodologies based on looking cool or what someone else might
think or say.
3. What is the oxygen window?

The oxygen window is an oxygen-derived gradient that allows nitrogen to dissolve
out of the tissues faster. The higher the oxygen, the greater the gradient and the
faster the nitrogen can dissolve out of the tissues.
4. List three techniques you can use to make accelerated deco dives more conservative.

1. Use the tables for the next greater depth and/or time than actually called for.
2. Generate tables based on blends with less oxygen than actual, and/or set your
dive computer for blends with less oxygen than actual (note that you will need to
determine actual max depths and oxygen exposure)
3. Make a safety stop within the last decompression stop.
5. What are two primary options for conducting deep stops?

1. The first is to use a decompression model that inherently stops you deeper than
other models.
2. The second is to use a conventional dissolved gas decompression model
and then add deep stops.
6. Define a drift hang, and list four disadvantages of using it.

A drift hang (also called blue water decompression) is a technique in which

divers decompress along a line from a float or boat while adrift in the current.
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Disadvantages include:

Requires close coordination of all teams in water if all team will drift
together. You often cant stagger teams going in and coming out. (This
isnt an absolute; in some areas there are ways to stagger teams for drift
hangs, but typically its not the case. )

Waiting for one diver can hold up the drift for several teams -procedures include actions for disoriented divers (usually requires
sending up a bag and drifting under it) and accounting for them by
surface support.

Surface support is usually mandatory.

You must account for where youll drift. In some environments with strong
current, its possible to be pushed into water too shallow for decompression.
In other areas, it may be possible to drift into sea lanes with hazardous ship
traffic. Plans must account for preventing this.
7. What is the most important resource in a tec diving emergency and what provides
this resource?

Your most important resource is time. Your gas reserve provides this resource.
8. What is an air break and how is it performed?

An air break is a 5 minute switch to a lower oxygen gas for every 25 minutes of
decompression. The break is not counted as part of your decompression time when
using dive tables. With a multigas computer, you switch to the break gas for the
duration of the break.
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Tec 50
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pg 230, Equipment V,
Tec Exercise 5.3
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pg 231-232, Thinking Like a
Tec Diver V, Tec Exercise 5.4.
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pg 233-235, Mission Planning,
Tec Exercise 5.5.


To qualify you to make limited decompression dives using air, enriched air and
oxygen to a depth of 50 metres/165 feet or less. Certification as a Tec 50 diver
qualifies you to use two decompression gases of EANx and 100 percent oxygen to
make your decompression more conservative or to accelerate your decompression.
2. What is the priority and how do you respond to an unresponsive diver at depth
during a decompression dive?

The first priority is getting the victim to the surface. Remember, however, the
recommendation to wait until the diver stops convulsing before bringing him up. Try
to maintain the regulator in mouth while ascending. Take the diver up yourself if
possible, and if, based on your decompression situation, you judge the risk of DCS is
not excessive. Do not drop the victims weight until you get to the surface to avoid an
uncontrolled ascent. If available, signal support divers to help with the rescue.
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3. In what situation could long hose gas sharing be necessary in the decompression
phase of a technical dive?

If there are stops before the first gas switch, it may be necessary to supply gas to
the affected diver on those stops. It may also be necessary for air breaks.
4. Professionals involved with rescue sometimes cite the philosophy Better thee than
me. What does this mean and how does it apply to tec diving?

This means that it you cannot help another diver if youre in trouble, too, so your
first priority is staying safe. In addition, if you get into trouble, too, remaining
emergency resources must now be split among two divers.
5. How do you plan for specific mistakes and emergencies?

During Live (logistics) from A Good Divers Main Objective is To Live, tec divers
try to plan for foreseeable problems. If, for example, the visibility is poor, tec divers
should make provisions to avoid separation during the dive.
6. What are three reasons may you want to tec dive in a pool or shallow water?

1. To refresh your skills - For example: long hose drills, send up lift bags/DSMBs,
drift decompression, etc. whatever skills you may need in an emergency, but
have not actually practiced in quite a few dives.
2. To extend your skills - For example, if may have to don and remove deco
cylinders in reduced visibility and heavy surface chop while hanging onto a
current line, it may be worth practicing doing this with your face entirely
underwater and eyes closed while hanging onto a line.
3. To invent mission specific skills Your dive plan may call for doing something
highly specific, such as recovering a lost object. If you dont know the best way
to rig the object for recovery, you may want to invent the procedure using a
duplicate of it in shallow water.
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7. What is the most common mistake in mission planning? Where does mission planning
rank with the other aspects of a tec dive?

The most common mistake in mission planning, and the most common reason
missions fail is trying to accomplish more than is reasonable in a single dive. The
mission ranks second to completing the dive safely.
8. For a presentation that you are going to give to local biologists on invertebrate populations on a local reef that about 2 kilometers/1 mile long, you are interested in
estimating the number of sea stars per square metre/yard at depths between 30
meters/100 feet and 42 meters/140 feet. Your team plans to get this number; what
subtasks might this mission entail? Would it be reasonable to do this in a single
dive? How many dives might it take assuming a single team of three divers?

[Answers may vary, but should show planning, forethought, attention to detail and
awareness of effects on the dive.]
Subtasks may include:
Setting up mooring lines at the ends of the reef and along the reef.
Setting up a grid of 10 square meters/yards.
Photographing the grid.
Determining the total number of square meters of reef based on length and width.
Breaking the reef into several sections in order to count.
Counting the stars in each section.
Each subtask may require one or two dives, to complete the subtask.
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Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs245-253, Chapter Six, all
Tec Exercises.

Please complete this review to hand in to your instructor. If theres something you dont understand, review the related material. If you still dont understand, be sure to have your instructor
explain it to you.
1. Define decompression sickness, arterial gas embolism and decompression illness:

Arterial gas embolism (AGE) is the condition in which air bubbles enter the bloodstream
through a lung rupture, usually the result of holding the breath during ascent.
Decompression sickness (DCS) is the condition in which inert gas (nitrogen) forms
bubbles in the tissues and bloodstream as it comes out of solution due to high
supersaturation following ascent.
Decompression illness is the field term for both DCS and AGE together.
2. List the signs and symptoms of decompression illness.

Signs and symptoms of DCI include pain in the joints or mid limb, undue fatigue,
inability to urinate, blurred vision, blotchy skin rash, tingling in the extremities, swelling,
vertigo, hearing or speech impairment, paralysis, numbness, unconsciousness, bloody
froth from the mouth, loss of coordination, personality change and respiratory/cardiac
arrest. The symptoms may be immediate or delayed.
3. Explain the procedure for first aid for suspected decompression illness.

eep the patient lying down; on the back is fine for a responsive patient, left side
K
down (recovery position) for an unresponsive breathing patient.
Monitor airway, breathing and circulation (ABCs) and administer CPR
as necessary.
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Administer emergency oxygen to a breathing patient, ideally 100 percent via a

demand system (for breathing patient).
For non-breathing patients, use freeflow oxygen while providing rescue breaths
through a pocket mask or a manually triggered resuscitator valve if available
and youre trained in its use . If the patient resumes breathing, switch to the
demand or nonrebreather mask.
Continue oxygen until you get the patient into emergency medical care, or until
you run out. Monitor the oxygen pressure gauge; dont let the cylinder run
empty with the mask still on the patient. You can also use high O2 percent EANx
if the oxygen runs out.
Responsive patients should hydrate themselves with water or isotonic fluids.
Contact emergency medical care and the diver emergency service (DAN, DES)
that serves the area and get the patient into medical care and ultimately to a
recompression facility as guided by the diver emergency service and the local
medical system.
4. Explain how to administer a field neurological exam.

Have the patient follow your finger with both eyes. They should track together.
Have the patient use both hands to squeeze yours. Weakness on one side
suggests a problem.
A
sk the patient to close both eyes, stretch out the arms and then bend at the
elbows to touch the nose with fingertips. The inability to do this with both or
either hand suggests a problem.
The patient should be able to stand on one foot.
S nap your fingers on either side of the patients head. Ask if there is any significant
difference in loudness. A significant difference can suggest nerve damage, though
with this test ear squeeze or water in the ear canal could be at fault.
5. Explain how having diver accident insurance can make treatment for decompression illness more effective.

Because the more quickly a patient begins treatment the more likely a favorable
outcome, you want to minimize anything that would delay treatment should you
ever need it. Diver accident insurance minimizes delays by establishing the
financial coverage.
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6. How does administering oxygen benefit a patient with decompression illness?

Breathing pure oxygen helps oxygenate tissues suffering from restricted blood flow due to
bubble formation. This helps protect these tissues until the patient receives recompression.
Pure oxygen increases the pressure differential of the excess dissolved inert gas, speeding
it out of the body faster. This minimizes and slows further bubble growth, reducing further
and worsening symptoms.
7. List the steps you will take as a prudent tec diver to broaden your abilities and limits
within tec diving.
Gain experience
Push your comfort zone gently
Learn from those with experience
Respect the limits
Continue training
8. What quality should you have to extend your personal limits at an appropriate pace?

Patience dont move on until you are prepared and qualified.
9. What is trimix?

Trimix is a blend of oxygen, helium and nitrogen.
10. What are the advantages and disadvantages of diving with trimix?

Advantages
Reduced narcosis
Reduced gas density
Reduced oxygen exposure
Disadvantages
Decompression times and schedules
Theoretical higher DCS risk
Cost
Heat loss
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11. What will your qualifications be with respect to diving with trimix as a Tec 50 diver?

If your instructor is a DSAT Tec Trimix instructor, you may have the option of using
trimix on Tec 50 Training Dive Four, but this does not certify you or qualify you to
dive trimix independently. To dive trimix, continue your training with the Tec Trimix
65 course and/or the Tec Trimix Diver course.
12. (Metric) You plan a dive to 44 metres using a single gas enriched air computer set
for EANx26. You plan to decompress using EANx80 from 9 metres to the surface.
You estimate that your bottom time will be 40 minutes. Your dive tables for
EANx26 show that 40 minutes at 44 metres requires 3 minutes decompression at
12 metres, 10 at 9 metres, 17 at 6 metres and 43 at 3 metres. Your ascent rate is 10
mpm. Your SAC rate is 19 litres per minute on the working part of the dive, and
16 lpm (litres per minute) when decompressing.
Following the rule of thirds, how much of each gas do you need for this dive?

Answer: 6771 litres of EANx26; 2489 litres of EANx80
If you have twin 18 litre cylinders with 170 bar of EANx26 do you have enough
EANx26 for the dive? If you have a 13 litre cylinder with 205 bar of EANx80, do you
have enough EANx80 for the dive? How much do you have of each?

Answer: No and yes.
What are your OTUs and CNS clock after the dive?

Answer: OTUs=161.5; CNS%=85.1%
If youll be diving again in two and a half hours, and youll be staying within the
mission averages for three days of diving, how much CNS clock time and how
many OTUs can you have on the second dive?

Answer: Allowable CNS = 64%; allowable OTUs = 458.5
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Depth Time
44 m 40
28 m(a) 3
12 m 3
9 m 10
6 m 17+1
3 m 43
SAC
19
19
16
16
16
16
C.Fac Vol
5.5 4180
4.0 228
2.2 106
1.9 304
1.6 461
1.3 894
Gas
EANx26
EANx26
EANx26
EANx80
EANx80
EANx80
Appendix
PO2 OTU/min OTUs/min CNS%

1.43* 1.67
66.8
0.83
1.04
1.07
3.2
0.42
0.57
0.20
0.6
0.14
1.52
1.81
18.1
2.22
1.28
1.4
26.11
0.55
1.04
1.07
46.0
0.42
CNS%
33.2
1.3%
0.4%
22.2%
9.9%
18.1%
[*Note: Actual PO2 = 1.4; 1.43 from rounding on table to 45 m.]

EANx26 = 4180+228+106=4514 l; 4514 X 1.5 = 6771 litres

EANx80=304+461+894=1659 l; 1659 X 1.5 = 2489 liters

18 litres x 170 = 3060 litres, 3060 x 2 (doubles) = 6120 litres EANx

13 litres x 205 = 2665 litres EANx80

OTUs = 66.8+3.2+0.6+18.1+26.11+46.0=160.8

CNS clock = 33.2%+1.3%+0.4%+22.2%+9.9%+18.1%=85.1%

After two and a half hours, CNS 85.1% = 36%; 100%-36%=64%

Three day mission allows 1860 OTUs, average 620 per day. 620-160.8 = 459.2
12. (Imperial) You plan a dive to 145 feet using a single gas enriched air computer set for
EANx26. You plan to decompress using EANx80 from 30 feet to the surface. You estimate that your bottom time will be 40 minutes. Your dive tables for EANx26 show that
40 minutes at 145 feet requires 3 minutes decompression at 40 feet, 10 at 30 feet, 17 at 20
feet and 43 at 10 feet. Your ascent rate is 30 fpm. Your SAC rate is .8 cubic feet per minute on the working part of the dive, and .65 cf when decompressing.
Answer: 285 cubic feet of EANx26; 101 cf of EANx80
If you have twin 104 cf cylinders, working pressure 2400 psi, with 2500 psi of EANx26 do
you have enough EANx26 for the dive? If you have a 104 cf cylinder, working pressure
2400, with 2300 psi of EANx80, do you have enough EANx80 for the dive? How much do
you have of each?
Answer: No and no. EANx26 = 216 cf; EANx80 = 100 cf (99.8)
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Answer: OTUs=160.4; CNS%=85.1%
If youll be diving again in two and a half hours, and youll be staying within the mission
averages for three days of diving, how much CNS clock time and how many OTUs can
you have on the second dive?
Answer: Allowable CNS = 64%; allowable OTUs = 458.3
Depth
145
93
40
30
20
10
Time
40
3
3
10
17+1
43
SAC C.Fac Vol Gas

PO2 OTU/min OTUs/min
.8
5.5 176.0 EANx26 1.44* 1.69
67.6
.8
4.0
9.6 EANx26 1.05
1.08
3.2
.65 2.2
4.3 EANx26 0.58
0.21
0.6
.65 1.9 12.4 EANx80 1.53
1.82
18.2
.65 1.6 18.7 EANx80 1.28
1.45
26.1
.65 1.3 36.3 EANx80 1.04
1.07
46.0
CNS%
0.83
0.42
0.14
2.22
0.55
0.42
CNS%
33.2%
1.3%
0.4%
22.2%
9.9%
18.1%
EANx26=176+9.6+4.3=189.9 cf; 189.9 X 1.5=285 cf

EANx80=12.4+18.7+36.3=67.4 cf; 67.4 X 1.5 =101 cf

2500/2400 = 1.04, 1.04 x 104 = 108 cf, 108 x 2 (doubles) = 216 cf

2300/2400 = .96, .96 x 104 = 100 cf (99.8)

OTUs=67.6+3.2+0.6+18.2+26.1+46.0=161.7

CNS clock = 33.2%+1.3%+0.4%+22.2%+9.9%+18.1%=85.1%

After two and a half hours, CNS 85.1% = 36%; 100%-36%=64%

Three day mission allows 1860 OTUs, average 620 per day. 620-161.7 = 458.3
13. (Metric) You plan a dive to 50 metres using a single gas enriched air computer set for
air. You plan to decompress using oxygen from 6 metres to the surface. Using desk top
software you estimate that your bottom time will be 25 minutes. Using desk top deco
software, you generate air dive tables that show that 25 minutes at 50 metres requires 2
minutes decompression at 9 metres, 4 at 6 metres and 13 at 3 metres. Your ascent rate is
10mpm. Your SAC rate is 22 litres/min on the working part of the dive, and 18 l /min
when decompressing.
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Air needed for the dive (with 1/3 reserve): (3300 + 352 + 68.4) x 1.5 = 5580.6
O2 needed for the dive (with 1/3 reserve): (115.2 + 327.6) x 1.5 = 664.2
If you have twin 21 litre cylinders with 150 bar of air, how much gas volume do you have?
Total volume in doubles: 21 x 2 (twins) = 42 x 150 = 6300
Is it enough for the dive?
Yes, 6300 > 5580.6
At what back gas pressure should you leave the bottom to assure you can complete
your decompression and have a one-third reserve left?
Air needed for the dive (with 1/3 reserve): 5580.6
Bottom volume needed / total volume = conversion: 3300 / 6300 = .52
Conversion x act press = pressure allowed at depth (PAD): .52 x 150 = 78
Total pressure - PAD = turn pressure: 150 -78 = 72
If you have a 7 litre cylinder with 195 bar of oxygen, how much gas volume do you have?
Oxygen cylinder total volume = 7 x 195 = 1365
O2 volume needed (with one third reserve) is 664.2
Yes, 1365 > 664.2
OTUs = 67.57 CNS clock = 31.45
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If you will be diving again in three hours, and you will be staying within the mission averages for five day of diving, how much CNS clock time and how many OTUs can you
have on the second dive?
40% (31.45) drops to 16% after 3 hours. 100 - 16 = 84%
On the second dive you are allowed 460 - 67.57 = 392.43 (for 5 day average)
Depth
50
30(a)
9
6
3

Time SAC C.Fac Vol Gas PO2 OTUs/min OTUs CNS%/min

25 22 6.0 3300 Air 1.28
1.45
36.26 .55%
42 22 4.0 352 Air
.84
.73
2.92 .28%.0%

18 1.9 68.4 Air
.4
4
18
1.6 115.2 02 1.6
1.92
7.68 2.22 %
14*
18 1.3 327.6 02 1.3
1.48
20.72 .55%

67.57
CNS
13.75
1.12
.0
8.88
7.7
31.45
(a) Midpoint = (bottom - first stop) 2 + first stop (50 - 9) 2 + 9 = 29.5 * Add one minute
(13 + 1) for every third stop.
Air total = 3300 + 352 + 68.4 = 3720.4 x 1.5 = 5580.6
Oxygen total = 115.2 + 327.6 = 442.8 x 1.5 = 664.2
air. You plan to decompress using oxygen from 20 feet to the surface. You estimate that
your bottom time will be 25 minutes. Using desk top deco software, you generate air dive
tables that show that 25 minutes at 165 feet requires 2 minutes decompression at 30 feet,
4 at 20 and 13 at 10 feet. Your ascent rate is 30 fpm. Your SAC rate is .78 cf/min on the
working part of the dive and .64 during decompression.
Following the rule of thirds, how much of each gas do you need for the dive?
Air: (117 + 15.6 + 2.4) x 1.5 = 202.5
O2: (4.1 + 11.65) x 1.5 = 23.625
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If you have twin 120 cubic foot cylinders with a working pressure of 2400 with 2200
psi of air, how much gas volume do you have?
Total volume of air available in doubles: 120 x 2 = 240
Cylinder Baseline = capacity working pressure: 240 2400 = .1
Volume in doubles at 2200 psi: .1 x 2200 = 220
Volume of air needed: 202
Yes, 220 > 202
At what back gas pressure should you leave at the bottom to assure you can complete
your decompression and have one third reserve left?
Turn pressure = starting pressure - (bottom volume/baseline)
2200 - (117/.1) = 1030
If you have a 50 cf cylinder, working pressure 3000, with 2870psi of oxygen, how
much gas volume do you have?
Internal volume = capacity/working pressure: 50 3000 = .0167
Volume of O2 in cylinder at 2870 psi: .0167 x 2870 = 47.93
Volume of O2 needed: 23.63
Yes, 47.8 > 23.7
OTUs = 68.64 CNS = 31.73
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If you will be diving in three hours, and you will be staying within mission averages for five
days of diving, how much CNS clock time and how many OTUs can you have on the second dive?
31.73 drops to 16% after a 3 hour surface interval
On second dive you are allowed 460 - 68.64 = 391.36 (5 day average)
Depth Time SAC C.Fac Vol Gas PO2 OTUs/min OTUs CNS%/min CNS
165
25 .78 6.0 117 Air 1.29
1.46
36.5
.55% 13.75%
98(a) 52 .78 4.0 15.6 Air
.85
.74
3.7
1.4%
30

.64 1.9 2.4
Air
.40
20
4
.64
1.6 4.1
02 1.61
1.93
7.72 2.22 %
8.88 %
10 14* .64
1.3 11.65 02 1.3
1.48
20.72 .55%
7.7%

68.64
31.73%
(a) midpoint = (bottom - first stop) 2 + first stop (165 - 30) 2 + 30 = 97.5 * Add one minute
for every third stop.
Air Total = 133.4 x 1.5 = 200cf
Oxygen Total = (4.1 + 10.8) x 1.5 = 22.35
Student Diver statement: Ive reviewed the questions I answered incorrectly or incompletely and I
now understand what I missed.
Signature__________________________________________ Date _________________
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Independent Study Assignments

You may copy the following independent study assignments to hand out to students.
See the instructor guides for required presentations. In the Tec 40 course, see the notes
relating to Other Delivery Content, Tec 40, and Tec 45, Knowledge Development One, II.
Equipment about the appropriate study assignments for the equipment your students will
use in the course.
Tec 40
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs xi, pg xiii Your Obligations and
Responsibilities, pg xiv Diver Accident Insurance, pg 1-9 including Tec Exercise
1.1. Disregard Tec Deep and Apprentice Tec Diver Certification Limits discussions.
You may skip question 6 in the exercise.
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 84-87, Oxygen Compatibility
Review, Manufacturer Warranties and Hyperoxic Gases
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 35-50, Gas Planning I,
Tec Exercise 1.3
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 51-54, Team Diving I, Tec Exercise 1.4
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 54-59, Techniques and Procedures I,
Tec Exercise 1.5, pgs 107-109, Team Diving Gas Handling Considerations,
Tec Exercise 2.4 questions 4-8, pgs 115-122, Techniques and Procedures III,
Tec Exercise 2.5
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 60-64, Emergency Procedures I,
Tec Exercise 1.6, pgs 123-129, Emergency Procedures II, Tec Exercise 2.6
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1. Define recreational diving, technical diving, and explain what is not technical diving.

2. List six general risks and hazards that technical diving presents that either dont
exist or arent as severe in recreational diving.

3. What single statement sums up the difference between recreational and technical diving?

4. What are the goals of the Tec 40 course?

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5. What are the limits of the Tec 40 certification?
6. What are the six characteristics of a responsible technical diver:
7. What should you do if you cant or wont accept the risks and responsibilities
demanded by technical diving?
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the following equipment components as to how your gear will look when worn.

Valves & Cylinders:

Right Regulator accessories:

Left Regulator accessories:

BCD and harness:

Instruments:
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Cutting tools:

Pockets:

Clips:
9. List the three types of dive computer you can use for technical deep diving with air
and enriched air, along with the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Standard Air Computer:
Enriched Air Computers:
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Multigas Computers:

10. What are the recommended maximum oxygen partial pressures for technical
deep diving?
11. Using the maximum depth formulas, what are the maximum depths and decompression depths for EANx48?
(Metric) if your SAC rate is 24 litres/min, how much gas volume do you need for 20
minutes at 30 metres? What would your total volume be with a reserve based on the
rule of thirds?
(Imperial) if you SAC rate is .8 cubic feet/min, how much gas volume do you need for
20 minutes at 90 feet? What would your total volume be with a reserve based on the
rule of thirds?
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12. What are the signs and symptoms of CNS oxygen toxicity, and whats the primary
way you avoid it?
13. What are the signs and symptoms of pulmonary oxygen toxicity, and what is the
primary way to avoid it?
15. What is the rule regarding aborting a technical dive?
this hazard?
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17. What is the primary hazard of excessive positive buoyancy, and how do you manage this hazard?
18. Describe how to find the minimum weight and the minimum buoyancy you need
for a technical deep dive.
19. How does a technical dive in a dry suit differ from a recreational dive in a dry suit?
Whats the recommended number of recreational dives in a dry suit that you
should have before technical diving in one?

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20. Describe the procedure for sharing gas with your long hose.
21. What are the emergency procedures for a massive regulator (second stage) free
flow at depth?
22. What are the emergency procedures for a damaged doubles manifold at depth?
23. What is the over-riding mission of all technical dives?
24. How and why does cutting corners lead to accidents in technical diving?

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Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 64-64, Thinking Like a Technical
Diver I, Tec Exercise 1.7
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 88-93 Introduction to
Decompression Stop and Gas Switch, Extended No Stop Diving, Equivalent
Air Depths (Continued) and Equivalent Narcotic Depths, Ideal Enriched Air
for a Particular Depth, Determining Gas Supply and Reserve Requirements for
Multiple Depths and Decompression stops (first page only); pgs 97-99 Desk Top
Decompression Software Tec Exercise 2.2, Questions 1-8 & 10. Pg 157 down to
Example on pg 158, Planning a Decompression Dive Using a Single Gas Computer.
Technical Diver II, Team Diving II, Tec Exercise 2.3, pgs 109-113, Predive Check,
Technical Diving Hand Signals, Tec Exercise 2.4, questions 1-3 and 9-15.
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 167, When to Make Cylinder
Switches, pgs 162-166, Emergencies III, Tec Exercise 3.3

1. Describe a suitable, rigged stage deco bottle package.
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2. Briefly list the guidelines regarding material and equipment compatibility using
enriched air and oxygen. What do you risk if you fail to follow these guidelines?
3. Explain how you determine your required decompression stops using a single gas
computer or table, and how to use switches to enriched air or oxygen to make the
decompression more conservative.

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4. What do you assume your END is with enriched air? Why?
5. What are the advantages and risks of using desk top decompression software?
6. What should you assume about every technical dive, and what should you take
for granted?
7. What is your most important resource in a tec diving emergency, and what provides
this resource?
8. What is the principle of your gas reserve?

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9. What is the recall phrase for the seven segments of planning a tec dive, and what
does the phrase stand for?
10. Why do all team members on a technical dive usually use the same gases?
11. What four markings should be on every cylinder used on a technical dive? Which
should be easy to read by all team members while worn? Why are these markings
required?
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12. Who must check the pressure and oxygen analysis of every cylinder used for a
technical dive?
13. What is the predive check recall phrase in tec diving? What does it stand for, and
what steps does the predive check include? Being Wary Reduces All Failures.

14. What is your turn pressure if you have 190 bar or 2800 psi in your cylinders and
your are using a reserve of one-third?
15. Describe how to perform a bubble check and a descent check.
16. The thumbs up means_________________________ .
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17. What is the ideal position and stop depth level when decompressing? What is the
most important skill you need for decompressing?
Signature__________________________________________ Date _________________
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Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pg 204, sidebar, How Do I Figure 1.5
Times with a Computer?

1. What is one of the most common preventable causes of death in technical diving?
2. What is the recall acronym for gas switches? Describe the gas switch procedure and
how the acronym prompts you.
3. List five guidelines that reduce the chance of accidentally switching to an unsafe gas
blend at depth.
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4. Describe what to do if you experience possible symptoms of CNS oxygen toxicity.
5. What is the ideal gas blend for a dive to 25 metres/83 feet?
6. What is the general procedure if you cant return to your planned ascent line?
7. How do you learn to account for environmental variables, such as current, visibility,
temperature and waves when planning a tec dive?

8. What are four guidelines to consider when planning a tec dive in an unfamiliar
environment?
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9. What assumption do technical divers make when they plan a dive?
10. List six principles for surviving a tec dive.
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Tec 45
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 10-33, Equipment I, Tec Exercise
1.2, pgs 80-87, Equipment II, Tec Exercise 2.1, pgs 142-145, Equipment III, Tec
Exercise 3.1
Watch the TecRec Equipment Setup and Key Skills video.
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 93-97, Determining Gas Supply
and Reserve Requirements for Multiple Depths and Decompression Stops
pgs 146 -161, Gas Planning III, Tec Exercise 3.2
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 167-172, Turn Around Points and
Environmental Variables, Tec Exercise 3.4, questions 2-4
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 173-175, Team Diving III, Tec
Exercise 3.5

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2. What are your responsibilities during the Tec 45 course?
3. What is meant by standardized technical rig and why do you need to apply it?
the following equipment components and how your gear will look when worn:
Manifold (if applicable) -
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Right regulator and accessories
Sidemount
Left regulator and accessories
BCD and harness -
Appendix
Instruments
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Compass
Timing Device & Depth Gauge
Cutting tools
Pockets and clips -
5. Describe a suitably rigged stage/deco bottle.

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6. List three reasons why tec divers consider a slate standard equipment.

7. List three types of dive computers you can use for technical diving with air and
enriched air, along with the advantages and disadvantages of each.
8. Name two buoyancy control devices and explain what is meant by appropriate
back up buoyancy.
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9. How does a technical dive in dry suit differ from a recreational dive? What is the
recommended number of recreational dives in a dry suit that you should have
before using it on a technical dive?

10. What are four different weighting options for tec diving and list the advantages
and disadvantages of each.
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this hazard?
12. List the guidelines regarding material and equipment compatibility using enriched
air and oxygen. What do you risk if you fail to follow these guidelines?
13. List four reasons why DSMBs are replacing lift bags in tec diving situations.
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14. (Metric) If your SAC rate is 24 litres/minute, how much gas volume do you need
for 20 minutes at 30 metres? What would your total volume be with a reserve
based on the rule of thirds?
14. (Imperial) If you SAC rate is . 8 cfm, how much gas volume do you need for 20
minutes at 90 feet?
15. (Metric) What is your turn pressure for your back gas based on the dive profile
one-third reserve?
15. (Imperial) What is your turn pressure for your back gas based on the dive profile
one-third reserve?
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16. Explain how you determine your required decompression stops using a single gas
computer or table, and how to use switches to enriched air or oxygen to make the
decompression more conservative.
17. What is a gas-switch, extended no-stop dive?
18. What should you do if you find narcosis affecting your or your team mates ability
to accomplish the mission and/or dive safely?
19. What is your END with enriched air and why?
20. What is the ideal oxygen in a gas mix for a dive to 25 metres/83 feet?
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22. Where is your team mates rank in your chain of back ups? What is the one back up your
team mates provide that you cannot provide?
23. What are four guidelines to consider when planning to tec dive in an unfamiliar
environment?
24. What is the myth about learning to dive with certain methodologies or in certain
environments?
Signature__________________________________________ Date _________________
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Tec Diver III, Tec Exercise 3.6
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 194-201, Gas Planning IV,
Tec Exercise 4.2
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 202-209, Emergencies IV,
Tec Exercise 4.3

1. Define a trust me dive and explain why you should not make them.
2. List the six principals for surviving a tec dive.
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3. What is run time? How do you use it?
4. Explain what you should do if you cannot switch to your shallower gas blend when
making a gas switch extended no-stop dive.
5. Gas matching (optional): You are diving double 18 litre/104 cubic foot (working
pressure 2400) cylinders filled to 150 bar/2200 psi. Your team mate will use double
21 litre/120 cubic foot (working pressure 2400) cylinders filled to 160 bar/2350 psi.
If you gas match, what pressure should you have remaining at the end of the dive,
and at what pressure should you turn the dive?
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6. What should you do to ensure you dont lose your decompression cylinders?
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7. What do you do if your dive goes deeper and/or longer than planned?
8. What should you do if you miss a decompression stop?
9. What should you do if you have a delay in your ascent to a decompression stop?

10. What should you do if you omit some or all of your decompression?

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11. What should you do if you run out of gas?

12. How do you handle a lift bag that spills as it ascends be cannot be pulled back down
to be redeployed?

13. What is a drift kit? What items would you have in it, and when would you use it?

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Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 192-194, Equipment IV, Tec
Exercise 4.1
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 210-211, Thinking Like a Tec
Diver IV, Tec Exercise 4.4
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 222-227, Oxygen Window and
Accelerated Decompression, Deep Stops, Tec Exercise 5.1
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs 228-229, Techniques IV, Tec
Exercise 5.2

1. Explain the difference and give examples of acceptable and unacceptable homemade gear. What is the most common homemade item used by tec divers?

2. List four attitudes that characterize leading tec divers.
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3. What is the oxygen window?
4. List three techniques you can use to make accelerated deco dives more conservative.
5. What are two primary options for conducting deep stops?
6. Define a drift hang, and list four disadvantages of using it.

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7. What is the most important resource in a tec diving emergency and what provides
this resource?
8. What is an air break and how is it performed?

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Tec 50
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pg 230, Equipment V,
Tec Exercise 5.3
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pg 231-232, Thinking Like a
Tec Diver V, Tec Exercise 5.4.
Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pg 233-235, Mission Planning,
Tec Exercise 5.5.


2. What is the priority and how do you respond to an unresponsive diver at depth
during a decompression dive?

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3. In what situation could long hose gas sharing be necessary in the decompression
phase of a technical dive?

4. Professionals involved with rescue sometimes cite the philosophy Better thee than
me. What does this mean and how does it apply to tec diving?

5. How do you plan for specific mistakes and emergencies?

6. What are three reasons may you want to tec dive in a pool or shallow water?
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7. What is the most common mistake in mission planning? Where does mission planning
rank with the other aspects of a tec dive?

8. For a presentation that you are going to give to local biologists on invertebrate populations on a local reef that about 2 kilometers/1 mile long, you are interested in
estimating the number of sea stars per square metre/yard at depths between 30
meters/100 feet and 42 meters/140 feet. Your team plans to get this number; what
subtasks might this mission entail? Would it be reasonable to do this in a single
dive? How many dives might it take assuming a single team of three divers?
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Study assignment: Tec Deep Diver Manual, pgs245-252, Chapter Six, all
Tec Exercises.

Please complete this review to hand in to your instructor. If theres something you dont
understand, review the related material. If you still dont understand, be sure to have your
instructor explain it to you.
1. Define decompression sickness, arterial gas embolism and decompression illness:
2. List the signs and symptoms of decompression illness.

3. Explain the procedure for first aid for suspected decompression illness.

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4. Explain how to administer a field neurological exam.

5. Explain how having diver accident insurance can make treatment for decompression illness more effective.

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6. How does administering oxygen benefit a patient with decompression illness?

7. List the steps you will take as a prudent tec diver to broaden your abilities and limits within tec diving.
8. What quality should you have to extend your personal limits at an appropriate pace?

9. What is trimix?


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11. What will your qualifications be with respect to diving with trimix as a
Tec 50 diver?

for EANx26. You plan to decompress using EANx80 from 9 metres to the surface.
EANx26 show that 40 minutes at 44 metres requires 3 minutes decompression at
12 metres, 10 at 9 metres, 17 at 6 metres and 43 at 3 metres. Your ascent rate is 10
mpm. Your SAC rate is 19 litres per minute on the working part of the dive, and
16 lpm (litres per minute) when decompressing.

If you have twin 18 litre cylinders with 170 bar of EANx26 do you have enough
EANx26 for the dive? If you have a 13 litre cylinder with 205 bar of EANx80, do you
have enough EANx80 for the dive? How much do you have of each?


If youll be diving again in two and a half hours, and youll be staying within the
mission averages for three days of diving, how much CNS clock time and how
many OTUs can you have on the second dive?

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12. (Imperial) You plan a dive to 145 feet using a single gas enriched air computer set
for EANx26. You plan to decompress using EANx80 from 30 feet to the surface.
EANx26 show that 40 minutes at 145 feet requires 3 minutes decompression at 40
feet, 10 at 30 feet, 17 at 20 feet and 43 at 10 feet. Your ascent rate is 30 fpm. Your
SAC rate is .8 cubic feet per minute on the working part of the dive, and .65 cf
when decompressing.
If you have twin 104 cf cylinders, working pressure 2400 psi, with 2500 psi of
EANx26 do you have enough EANx26 for the dive? If you have a 104 cf cylinder,
working pressure 2400, with 2300 psi of EANx80, do you have enough EANx80 for
the dive? How much do you have of each?
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If youll be diving again in two and a half hours, and youll be staying within the mission averages for three days of diving, how much CNS clock time and how many
OTUs can you have on the second dive?
for air. You plan to decompress using oxygen from 6 metres to the surface. Using
desk top software you estimate that your bottom time will be 25 minutes. Using desk
top deco software, you generate air dive tables that show that 25 minutes at 50
metres requires 2 minutes decompression at 9 metres, 4 at 6 metres and 13 at 3
metres. Your ascent rate is 10mpm. Your SAC rate is 22 litres/min on the working
part of the dive, and 18 l /min when decompressing.
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If you have twin 21 litre cylinders with 150 bar of air, how much gas volume do you have?
At what back gas pressure should you leave the bottom to assure you can complete your
decompression and have a one-third reserve left?
If you have a 7 litre cylinder with 195 bar of oxygen, how much gas volume do you have?
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If you will be diving again in three hours, and you will be staying within the mission averages for five day of diving, how much CNS clock time and how many OTUs can you
have on the second dive?
air. You plan to decompress using oxygen from 20 feet to the surface. You estimate that
your bottom time will be 25 minutes. Using desk top deco software, you generate air dive
tables that show that 25 minutes at 165 feet requires 2 minutes decompression at 30 feet,
4 at 20 and 13 at 10 feet. Your ascent rate is 30 fpm. Your SAC rate is .78 cf/min on the
working part of the dive and .64 during decompression.
Following the rule of thirds, how much of each gas do you need for the dive?
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If you have twin 120 cubic foot cylinders with a working pressure of 2400 with 2200
psi of air, how much gas volume do you have?
At what back gas pressure should you leave at the bottom to assure you can complete
your decompression and have one third reserve left?
If you have a 50 cf cylinder, working pressure 3000, with 2870psi of oxygen, how
much gas volume do you have?
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If you will be diving in three hours, and you will be staying within mission averages for
five days of diving, how much CNS clock time and how many OTUs can you have on
the second dive?
Signature__________________________________________ Date _________________
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Other Delivery Content Hand Outs

Copy the following independent study handouts to give to students.
Tec 40

Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, you should be able to answer these questions:
1. How do the Tec 40, Tec 45 and Tec 50 courses fit together as the overall DSAT Tec Diver
course?
2. What are the general goals of the Tec 45 and Tec 50 courses?
G.
The DSAT Tec Diver course

1.
The Tec 40 course is the first of three subcourses that together make up the
DSAT Tec Diver course.
a.
The DSAT Tec Diver course was originally called the Tec Deep
Diver course (hence the Tec Deep Diver Manual).
b.
The three subcourses, in order are the Tec 40, Tec 45 and Tec 50
courses. The names reflect the maximum qualification depth in
metres for the respective levels.
c.
Completing all three qualifies you as a Tec 50 diver (formerly Tec
Deep Diver), which is a fully qualified, open circuit entry level
EANx deep decompression technical diver.
2.
Tec 45 general goals are to train certified Tec 40 divers
a.
to use full technical equipment.
b.
to make decompression dives to 45 metres/145 feet using air or
enriched air, with accelerated decompression techniques.
c.
to dive with one decompression gas with up to and including 100
percent oxygen.
3.
Tec 50 general goals are to train certified Tec 45 divers
a.
to make decompression dives to 50 metres/165 feet using air or
enriched air, with accelerated decompression techniques.
b.
to dive with two decompression gases with up to 100 percent oxygen.
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H.
Certification as a Tec 40 diver qualifies you to dive within the following limits, applying
the appropriate procedures and equipment as youve
been trained:
1. Dive to a maximum depth of 40 metres/130 feet using air or enriched air.
2.
Make dives with up to 10 minutes required decompression.
3.
Use enriched air nitrox with up to 50 percent oxygen (EANx50) during decompression to make it more conservative.
4.
Although your certification qualifies you to these limits, you must also consider
other limitations, such as the environment, conditions and other factors, and apply
more conservative limits when planning dives.
5.
These limits apply, even if you complete the Tec 40 using double cylinders and
other equipment required for Tec 45 and above.
Exercise, Other Delivery Content, Tec 40-1

1. The Tec Diver course (choose all that apply)
q
a. consists of three subcourses.
q
b. begins with the Tec 40 subcourse.
q
c. no longer exists.
2. The Tec 50 course qualifies a diver to make dives
q
a. with up to 50 minutes decompression.
q
b. with deco stops as deep as 50 feet/12 metres
q
c. to a depth of 50 metres/165 feet
q
d. to a depth of 50 fathoms (300 feet).
3. As a Tec 40 diver, applying appropriate procedures and equipment as youve been trained,
youre qualified to (choose all that apply)
q
a. to dive as deep as 40 metres/130 feet.
q
b. have up to 10 minutes required decompression.
q
c. use a single gas with up to 50 percent oxygen during decompression.
How did you do?
1. a, b. 2. c. 3. a, b, c.
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Learning Objectives
1. Why can the equipment requirements for Tec 40 be less stringent than the standardized
technical rig?
2. What are the guidelines for selecting masks, fins and snorkels for the Tec 40 level?
3. What characteristics do you look for cylinders and cylinder valves for the Tec 40 kit?
4. What is the minimum number of fully independent regulators, per diver, and how do you
configure each?
5. What type of BCDs can you use for Tec 40 level diving? Why is a tec diving harness recommended?
6. How do you choose an appropriate exposure suit for technical diving?
7. What are your options regarding weight systems, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
8. What types of dive computers and other instruments do you need for Tec 40 level diving?
9. What types of cutting tools are appropriate for deep technical diving, and how many
should you have?
10.What are six general guidelines regarding pockets, accessories and clips you might need
when technical diving?
11. What is a stage/deco cylinder?
12. How do you set up a stage/deco cylinder?
13. Why might you need a lift bag/DSMB and reel on a technical dive?
14. What are suitable lift bags/DSMBs and reels, and how do you secure them on your rig?
15. What are four recommendations regarding equipment maintenance?
You should also be able to:
16. Describe the layout, arrangement and configuration of the basic Tec 40 rig, with options,
from head to toe as worn by a Tec 40 diver.
A.
Tec 40 equipment requirements and the standardized technical rig

1.
The technical diving community has a generally accepted open circuit
equipment configuration as worn on a technical deep dive. This standardized
technical rig employs all required equipment in a streamlined configuration
based on a philosophy that minimizes confusion and procedural error. The
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2.
standard technical rig (backmount or sidemount) is required at the Tec 45 level

and beyond.
You can dive with a less stringent equipment configuration (i.e., the Tec 40 kit or
rig) within Tec 40 limits because the depth and decompression time limits are
very restricted compared to broader technical deep diving.
a.
Exceeding Tec 40 limits (40 metres/130 feet and up to 10 minutes total
required decompression) is not acceptable or reasonable with the Tec 40
rig.
B.
Mask, fins and snorkel

1.
Generally, the mask and fins you use for recreational scuba diving in a given
environment are acceptable for the Tec 40 rig.
a.
Full sized fins (appropriate to your size) are generally recommended.
b.
Secure/tape loose straps so they dont dangle and cant slip.
c.
Spring heel fins (in place of straps) are good options because theyre very
strong, nothing dangles and they dont need adjustment and are easy to
don and remove.
2.
Snorkels are optional, but generally recommended for the Tec 40 rig.
a.
They allow you to breathe at the surface without using gas from your
cylinder.
b.
They can be slightly cumbersome in an air sharing situation, so you may
want to carry a folding/collapsible model in your pocket.
C.
Cylinders and valves

1.
You generally want a high capacity cylinder as your primary cylinder with the
Tec 40 kit. This is because you use more gas on a deeper dive, and you need to
keep a larger reserve.
2.
11-12 litre/71.2-80 cubic foot cylinders are generally considered the minimum
size larger (18 litre/100 cubic foot+ ) cylinders are preferred, but not readily
available in some locations.
a.
If you opt for double cylinders, you should wear the standardized technical rig, not the Tec 40 kit.
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3.
4.
5.
D.
Appendix
The cylinder should have an H or Y valve, which allows you to have two
entirely separate regulators. In case of a failure, you can shut down the gas
to either one and still access the remaining gas with the other.
a.
With Tec 40 limits, it is alternatively acceptable to have a large, main
cylinder with a pony bottle in place of an H/Y valve.
b.
If you use a pony instead of an H/Y valve, it should have a capacity
of 850 litres free gas/30 cf or larger.
c.
The pony usually has the same gas (EANx blend or air) as the main
cylinder. If it has a higher oxygen content, the gas must still be
breathable at the deepest planned depth (max 1.4 ata/bar), with
a margin for error.
The DIN (Deutche Industrie Norm) threaded system for valve apertures is
generally preferred to the yoke system in tec diving.
Valve caps should not be tied to valves as they commonly are in recreational
diving. Remove completely when diving.
Regulators
1.
Because you cannot immediately surface, tec diving always requires a minimum of two fully independent regulators per diver (does not count those on
stage or decompression cylinders).
2.
Choose top of the line, balanced regulators for maximum reliability and performance at depth.
3.
Configure the regulator that goes on the right valve post with a low pressure
inflator hose and second stage with a two metre/seven foot hose.
4.
Configure the regulator that goes on the left valve post with the SPG and a
second stage on a standard length hose (about 80 cm/32 inches). If using a
dry suit or a double bladder BCD system, this regulator also has a low pressure inflator hose.
a.
If using a pony bottle instead of an H valve, both regulators have
SPGs. In this case, the SPGs must be clearly marked or secured to
avoid any confusion.
5.
Neither regulator has two second stages.
6.
The DIN connection system is preferred (most DIN regulators accept adapters for yoke use).
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E.
BCD and harness

1.
Most BCDs with shoulder and hip D-rings (other suitable attachment hardware in those locations) can be used for a Tec 40 rig. The D-rings are necessary for your decompression cylinder.
2.
A tec diving harness configured for a single cylinder is generally recommended, though not essential, for the Tec 40 kit.
a.
Tec harnesses are harnesses that mount on top of an interchangeable
BCD bladder. There are rigid plate (steel, aluminum or plastic) and
all fabric versions.
b.
Tec harnesses have crotch straps, adjustable shoulder and waist
D-rings and other features suited to higher level tec diving.
c.
The tec harness is recommended because you will use it when you
move on to the Tec 45 course, and because you can use a double
bladder BCD (BCD with two independent bladders and inflation/
deflation systems) so you have backup buoyancy control.

In a decompression situation, simply dropping weights to
restore buoyancy may not be an option because you would
have too much buoyancy to maintain a decompression stop.

Planning for BCD failure must be part of planning any
technical dive. The double bladder BCD is the simplest,
most reliable option.

The Tec 40 rig (single cylinder) is not as negatively buoyant
as higher level tec rigs, so redundant buoyancy is not mandatory at this level.
F.
Exposure suits
1.
Choose your exposure suit based on the water temperature at depth and the
dive duration.
2.
Tec dives tend to be longer than recreational dives, calling for more exposure protection. You also dont exert and generate much heat while decompressing.
3.
Dry suits offer the longest durations and coldest water protection.
a.
They may provide ample backup buoyancy.
b.
You should master dry suit diving as a recreational diver before
using a dry suit for technical dives.
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4.
G.
Weight systems
1.
Except in very warm water requiring minimal exposure protection, you will
usually need weights even in a technical rig. A weight belt, integrated
weights or a weight harness are acceptable.
a.
Some tec divers choose a metal plate harness to reduce the amount
of lead they need to wear.
2.
Weight belt
a.
Advantages: simple, readily available when needed
b.
Disadvantages: with crotch strap, must don after putting on rig so its
not trapped.
3.
Integrated weights
a.
Advantages: no need to put on last, positioned amid rig
b.
Disadvantages: must have BCD/harness system with weight system
build in; makes overall scuba rig heavier
4.
Weight harness
a.
Advantages: put on before scuba rig, doesnt add to rigs weight
b.
Disadvantages: may be awkward to adjust rig so it doesnt interfere
with quick release weight ditching.
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20 dry suit dives is a conservative minimum before tec diving dry.

In recreational diving, you only use your dry suit for buoyancy control while underwater.

In tec diving, you typically add gas to the suit to avoid a suit
squeeze and use your BCD. This means controlling the gas in
both your suit and BCD a more complex skill to master.
Wet suits are adequate in warmer waters and well suited to dives within
Tec 40 limits.
a.
A full 6 mm/.25 in wet suit with hood will generally handle dives up
to two or three hours (far longer than a Tec 40 dive) in water
24C/75F or warmer.
b.
In a heavy rig, you need a double bladder BCD or other means for
reliably handling a BCD failure.
c.
The advantage of a wet suit over a dry suit is operational simplicity
you only need to adjust your BCD.
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5.
Loss of weights can be significant hazard on a decompression dive because

it can make it difficult or impossible to stay at stop depth.
a.
Some tec divers put two quick release buckles on weight belts to
avoid accidental loss.
b.
Another option is to wear a crotch strap over a weight belt to avoid
accidental loss. With this approach, its recommended that the crotch
strap have a quick release so the weights can be discarded
if necessary.
H.
Instrumentation
1.
You need two ways of determining your decompression requirements.
a.
The simplest option is to wear two dive computers.
b.
The second option is to wear a computer with depth gauge, timer and
decompression tables.
2.
For Tec 40, you only need a standard air dive computer or computers.
a.
An EANx compatible computer is recommended allows you to
benefit from more bottom time with enriched air, and calculates your
oxygen exposure.
b.
If you have yet to invest in your dive computers, choose models that
run multiple gases and trimix so youll be set for Tec 45 and beyond.
3.
Arm mounted instruments (other than SPG) are generally preferred (required
at the Tec 45 level and up).
4.
Mechanical SPGs are generally preferred because theyre simple and reliable.
5.
Compass You need a high quality, liquid filled model if using a standard
compass. Many newer dive computers have electronic compasses. The
compass is commonly carried in a pouch or pocket until needed.
I.
Cutting tools
1.
You should have a cutting tool, and ideally two (two required at Tec 45 level
up). Mount at least one where you can reach it with either hand (generally
waist/chest area).
2.
Typical dive knife, dive shears, Z-knife (hook with blade), stainless folding
knives and dive tools are all acceptable.
3.
Large, calf-mounted knives/tools are generally avoided in tec diving, especially cave diving and wreck penetration, because they entangle easily.
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J.
Guidelines for pockets, accessories and clips

1.
Avoid large pocket pouches on harnesses they cause too much bulk and
clutter.
2.
Most useful pockets in tec diving are thigh pockets on your exposure suit.
3.
Mount stainless steel or brass clips on accessories to clip to your BCD or
harness. Dont mount the clips on the BCD or harness.
4.
Sliding gate clips (a.k.a. dog clips) are preferred to marine snaps (swinging
gate clips), because they wont accidentally clip to things by themselves.
5.
Choose clips based on the environment you need larger clips when wearing thick gloves.
6.
Using and mounting clips
a.
When possible, keep accessories in pockets until needed.
b.
Clip accessories well out of the way, secured so they dont dangle.
c.
Attach clips so they can break away so you can release in an emergency. The simplest approach is to mount the clip via a small o-ring
or thin pull tie that breaks with a sharp tug.
K.
Stage/deco cylinders
1.
A stage cylinder is used to extend the deep portion of the dive. A deco
(decompression) cylinder provides gas (usually with higher oxygen content)
during decompression. They are rigged the same, so its common to call
deco cylinders stages or stage cylinders. The general term for both is
stage/deco cylinder. In context, the terms are seldom confusing.
2.
Stage/deco cylinders are worn on the side under the arm, clipped at the
waist and on the chest.
3.
A stage/deco cylinder never replaces one of the two regulators/valves
you need from your primary gas supply.
4.
As a Tec 40 diver, you will often use a deco cylinder.
a.
Some dives at this level do not need a deco cylinder, because you
have enough gas, plus your required reserve, for the entire dive
including decompression.
b.
But, a deco cylinder is recommended nonetheless because it provides
extra gas capacity, plus gives you the option of switching to EANx
with a higher oxygen content for added decompression conservatism.
(More about this later).
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5.
L.
Typical stage/deco cylinder setup

a.
The cylinder is typically a 4 litre/30 cf size or larger. The popular
aluminum 11 litre/80 cf has more capacity than you usually need at
the Tec 40 level, but it is commonly available and easy to handle.
It is perfectly acceptable to use having too much gas is seldom
an issue.
b.
The cylinder has a nylon rope/strap approximately 46 cm/18 in,
approximately under the valve opening, running down to a band
around the cylinder with a clip at each end. This serves as a handling
strap; the clips attach the cylinder on your BCD D-rings at the waist
and chest/shoulder.
c.
The regulator has a single second stage and SPG. Hoses tuck under
inner tubing, bungee or stretch nylon straps around cylinder.
d.
The second stage has break-away clip usually attached to the hose
close to where it meets the second stage.
e.
The SPG may have a very short hose, or a standard length hose that
is tucked along the cylinder length.
f.
Its recommended that the clips be attached via rope or nylon so you
can cut the cylinder free if a clip jams.
g.
For safety, stage/deco cylinders are always clearly marked with
the gas blend they contain, the maximum depth you can breathe
the gas (based on the oxygen partial pressure) and the divers
name. These markings are always large and positioned so a team
mate can read them while the cylinder is worn.
Lift bags/DSMBs (Delayed Surface Marker Buoys) and reels

1.
You may find yourself accidentally away from your planned ascent line
(anchor/mooring line).
2.
In this case, your team uses a reel to deploy a lift bag or DSMB. This gives
you an ascent reference, allows surface support personnel to track your position, and helps you maintain your decompression stop in midwater.
3.
Suitable lift bags are brightly colored, with large capacities (45 kg/100 lbs
lift) preferred. DSMBs are taller and more compact; they dont have to have
the same lift capacities. Preferred DSMBs have one-way valves for filling,
with overpressure valves. These keep the buoy inflated even if it topples at
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5.
6.
Appendix
the surface momentarily. It is recommended that you write your name on

your lift bag/DSMB for surface support identification.
Lift bags are carried rolled up and tucked into special carrying pockets or
put in bungees that stow them horizontally in the small of the back. DSMBs
roll up more compactly, generally, and fit in harness/BCD pockets or thigh
pockets.
A suitable reel is compact with ample line to reach the surface.
The reel is clipped to a D-ring on the right hip.
M.
Maintenance
1.
You rely on your gear for life support. Therefore, maintain it according to
manufacturer recommendations.
2.
Have regulators, valves, BCDs and gauges inspected and overhauled at least
annually, or more frequently for heavy use or as manufacturer specified.
3.
Have anything that doesnt appear to work normally serviced before using it.
4.
Never tec dive with gear in anything but top shape and within its design
parameters. To do otherwise needlessly raises your risk of injury or death by
starting the dive with a potential problem.
N.
Putting it together: basic Tec 40 rig, head to toe

1.
Use a cylinder with H or Y valve in a BCD/tec harness.
2.
The left side regulator has a short hose second stage. This is the secondary
regulator. It routes to the right and hangs below the chin on a bungee. The
SPG hose goes down along the cylinder; the SPG has a clip to secure it to
waist or chest D-ring (as preferred). Low pressure hose(s) feeds the dry suit
and/or backup BCD (if used). The valve is open all the way (do not close it
back a quarter turn).
3.
The right side regulator has a long hose second stage. This is the primary
regulator. It is the last thing you put in place when kitting up. The hose
routes straight down along the cylinder to the hip, then up across the chest
and around the left side of the neck into the mouth. At the hip, the safety
reel lies on top of it to help keep it in place. The low pressure hose feeds the
primary BCD inflator. There is no SPG. The valve is open all the way (do
not close it back a quarter turn).
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
If using a pony instead of an H/Y valve, the pony goes on the left side of the
main cylinder and takes the left side (secondary) regulator. In this case, the
right (primary) regulator has the primary SPG, which is clipped as described
above. The pony/secondary SPG is clipped low and behind the diver, where
it is retrievable but not easily confused with the primary. It is also clearly
marked (label, color, etc.) to easily distinguish it from the primary SPG.
With double bladder BCDs, the backup inflator is secured behind the diver
so that it is easy to deploy, but not easily confused with the primary (you
only use one BCD bladder at a time).
a.
Some divers leave the LP hose disconnected from, but bungeed to
the backup inflator. This avoids accidental inflation (leaking inflator
valve), but is easily connected for use.
Instruments are ideally arm mounted (except SPG), though compact consoles are acceptable in the Tec 40 rig.
The weight system is secure, free for ditching. The backup buckle is secured if used.
Mask and fins are preadjusted and inspected, secured so they cant slip out
of adjustment.

1. Tec 40 has less stringent equipment requirements than the standardized technical rig,
because the limits of Tec 40 diving keep you within recreational depth limits and a relatively short decompression time.
q
True

False
2. You cannot use the same fins you use in recreational diving for Tec 40 diving.

True

False
3. The recommended valve type for the Tec 40 kit is

a. the standard yoke valve.

b. a J reserve valve.

c. an H or Y valve, DIN system.

d. a J or K valve, yoke system.
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4. The minimum number of fully independent regulators, per diver, is

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 6
5. You can use any BCD with D-rings or attachment hardware at the shoulder/waist for the
Tec 40 kit.

True

False
6. Choose an exposure suit for a tec dive based on __________. (choose all that apply)

a. depth

b. duration

c. temperature

d. activity level
7. You never use a weight belt while tec diving.

True

False
8. For the Tec 40 level, a single computer is all the instrumentation you need.

True

False
9. At the Tec 40 level, you should have at least one cutting tool, but its recommended you
have two.

True

False
10. General guidelines regarding pockets, accessories and clips include (check all
that apply):

a. mount clips to the accessories.

b. attach clips so they can break away.

c. thigh pockets on your exposure suit are a good option.

d. marine (swing gate) clips are the best choice.
11. At the Tec 40 level, a stage/deco cylinder will be used to

a. carry a decompression gas.

b. carry gas to extend the deepest portion of the dive.

c. both a or b.

d. None of the above.
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12. A stage/deco cylinder is always marked with the gas it has in it, the maximum depth
and the divers name.

True

False
13. You may need a lift bag/DSMB and reel

a. as a backup BCD.

b. in case you lose track of your ascent point.

c. to open a shipwreck hatch
14. A suitable lift bag or DSMB should have ample lift and be blue or gray.

True

False
15. Never, ever tec dive with gear thats in anything less than top shape.

True

False
16. The primary regulator (choose all that apply)

a. goes on the right.

b. has a long hose second stage.

c. has the primary BCD low pressure hose.

d. goes on the left.
How did you do?
1. True. 2. False. The same fins you use recreational diving are usually suitable for the Tec
40 level. 3. c. 4. b. 5. True. 6. a, b, c, d. 7. False. A weight belt is a common option in tec
diving. 8. False. You need at least two computers, or one computer and a depth gauge,
timer and decompression tables. You should also have SPGs and a compass. 9. True. 10.
a, b, c. 11. a. 12. True. 13. b. 14. False. It should be red, yellow or some other bright
color. 15. True. 16. a, b, c.
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Learning Objectives
1. What is the maximum oxygen blend you would use as the bottom gas for a dive to 40
metres/130 feet?
2. What is the maximum percentage of oxygen you will use as a Tec 40 diver?
H.
I.
As a Tec 40 diver, your maximum allowable depth is 40 metres/130 feet.

1.
Using the maximum depth tables on pages 266 and 267, you find that
EANx28 is the highest oxygen content gas blend you can use at 40
metres/130 feet (PO2 = 1.4 ata/bar).
2.
You may use blends with more oxygen, but at increasingly shallower maximum depths.
3.
With blends that have 36 percent or more oxygen, your maximum depth is
so shallow and your no decompression time is so long that you probably
wont have to make decompression dives at all.
The maximum oxygen percentage youre qualified to use as a Tec 40 diver is 50
percent (EANx50). You will normally use this as a decompression gas (you can use
it as a bottom gas, but the maximum depth is 18 metres/59 feet you will probably
not need to decompress on such a dive).
1.
The maximum depth for using EANx50 as a decompression gas (PO2 = 1.6)
is 21m/70 ft (See the Equivalent Air Depth and Oxygen Management Tables
for 50% on pgs 274 & 288)
2.
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You may be carrying EANx50 (or other deco gas) to a depth deeper than
you can safely breathe it. It is critical to follow all gas handling procedures to avoid accidentally switching to it at too deep a depth. You will
learn and practice these procedures beginning with Tec 40 Training Dive One.
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1. The maximum oxygen enriched air you would use as bottom gas for a dive to 40
metres/130 feet is

a. EANx28.

b. EANx32.

c. EANx36.

d. EANx50.
2. The maximum oxygen content enriched air that youre qualified to use as a Tec 40 diver is

a. EANx28.

b. EANx32.

c. EANx36.

d. EANx50.
How did you do?
1. a. 2. d.
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Learning Objectives
1. What is a bounce dive?
2. Why is it recommended that you switch to a higher oxygen EANx for decompression
without accelerating your decompression, and/or set your dive computer for an EANx
with less gas than actual, if making a bounce technical dive?
E.
Bounce dives
1.
A short dive to any depth is called a bounce dive.
a.
The definition is imprecise what one person calls a bounce dive
another may not.
b.
It is possible to make dives within the scope of Tec 40 qualifications
that some would be consider bounce dives.
2.
There are some anecdotal concerns about bounce decompression dives
a.
Some people think DCS data indicate that short, deep dives with
short decompression requirements have a higher DCS risk than
would be expected based on decompression models
b.
Again, definitions of short and deep and risk are subjective in
this context.
c.
The concerns are hypothetical and not quantified, but they exist
nonetheless.
3.
To minimize bounce dive concerns (at all levels):
a.
Plan your dive with your computer set for air or an EANx with less
oxygen than you actually use.
b.
Use a single gas computer, or if using a multigas computer, leave it
set for your bottom gas, but decompress with an EANx blend with
more oxygen.
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c.
Either of these (or both) will make your decompression more

conservative.

The required decompression time for a short, deep dives is
correspondingly short. Deco is so short there is no meaningful benefit to accelerating decompression. Instead, you use
EANx to make your decompression more conservative
instead of shorter.

It is common to extend the last deco stop two or three minutes as well.
Example: You dive to 40 metres/130 feet. You leave your dive computer set for air, but you actually dive using EANx25 as your bottom
gas. You decompress with EANx40, but you leave your dive computer (if it is a multigas model) set for air during
decompression.
d.
You will plan your dives as a Tec 40 diver based on decompressing

as if using your bottom gas, but using EANx to make your decompression more conservative.

1. A bounce dive isnt defined precisely, but means a short dive to any depth.

True

False
2. To minimize bounce dive concerns (choose all that apply):

a. set your dive computer for air or EANx with less oxygen than the gas you
actually use.

b. accelerate your decompression.

c. decompress with a gas that has more oxygen than you set your computer for.

d. ascend rapidly to minimize your time at depth.
How did you do?
1. True. 2. a, c.
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Learning Objectives
1. How do you use desk top decompression software to plan a decompression dive based on
a single gas, with no more than 10 minutes of decompression and a maximum depth of
40 metres/130 feet?
2. How do you use decompression software to determine your gas supply requirements?
3. What is the minimum reserve gas you should have on a technical dive?
4. How do you set your dive computer to follow the plan you made with your decompression software?
5. How does your team stay together when using dive computers to provide decompression
information?
6. What limits tell you it is time to end your dive?
7. How do you calculate turn pressure?
8. How do you account for your oxygen exposure when using a gas with a higher oxygen
content than you set your dive computer for?
9. What do you do if your desk top decompression software and dive computer differ significantly in their decompression information, or if your gas requirement calculations
appear to be off?
A.
Starting with Tec 40 Practical Application Two, youll begin planning decompression dives using desk top decompression software.
1.
Your dive planning will continue throughout the course and be the basis for
simulated and actual decompression dives you make.
2.
The methods you learn also form the foundation for all your subsequent
technical dive planning. However, gas and decompression planning becomes
more complex as you go deeper and have longer decompression.
B.

You will follow these basic steps:

[Note: Your instructor will take you through this, step by step, during Tec 40
Practical Application Two, followed by you and your team mates planning a dive.]
1.
Launch the desk top decompression program (may be iPhone or PDA based
as long as it provides decompression and gas supply calculations, as well as
the ability to choose different gases).
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2.
3.
Set the dive characteristics and presets.

a.
Select metric or imperial, open circuit (not closed circuit rebreather).
b.
Working and decompression SAC rates

You will determine your working (bottom) SAC rate during
Tec 40 Practical Application Two based on the data you gathered during Tec 40 Training Dive One.

You will gather decompression SAC rate data during Tec 40
Training Dive Two. In the meantime, use 2/3 thirds your
working rate.

Your program may refer to SAC as RMV.
c.
Select the single gas you want to use for decompression calculations

You will probably use an EANx blend for bottom gas.

Use the Maximum Depths tables in the Tec Deep Diver
Manual to find the highest oxygen percentage for the EANx
to your planned depth (PO2 1.4)

Set the program for the EANx blend you will use, or for one
with lower oxygen. At the Tec 40 level, it is simplest to set
for air most of the time (21%).

You will probably use another EANx with higher oxygen for
decompression. Do not set the program for this gas at this time.
Enter your planned depth and time into the program.
a.
Have the computer calculate your decompression. If it is longer than
10 minutes, enter a shorter time, a shallower depth or both.

Remember, as a Tec 40 diver, your limits are 10 minutes total
decompression time and 40 metres/130 feet maximum depth.

For simplicity, your dives will be planned as though the
entire dive will be made at the deepest depth. At higher
training levels, however, you will learn to add planned
depth changes.
b.
Enter depths/times until the total decompression time required is 10
minutes or less.
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Use the program to determine your gas requirements based on your SAC
rates, for the planned dives.
a.
Some programs do this each time they calculate decompression.
b.
Most programs will show you the gas requirements before and after
calculating your reserve.
c.
In technical diving, the standard minimum reserve is 33 percent (rule
of thirds), meaning that one third of all your gas is for emergencies
only. That is, the minimum amount of gas you should have on a dive
1.5 times the amount predicted for the dive and the decompression,
based on your bottom and decompression SAC rates.
d.
If your program doesnt determine reserve, simply multiply the predicted gas requirements by 1.5 to get the minimum gas volume you
should have with you on your dive.

If you need a pony bottle or a decompression cylinder to
meet the required minimum volume, it should be at least 1/3
of your total gas supply.

Note: At higher tec levels (Tec 45 and up), you will calculate
individual gas blends independently and have to have 1.5
times the predicted requirements for each individual gas.
Planning your decompression based on a single gas at the Tec
40 level simplifies this.
e.
If the minimum gas volume is greater than the capacity of the
cylinder(s) you have will available, then plan a shorter/shallower
dive until the gas requirements (including reserve) are within the
available capacity.
f.
Because divers have differing SAC rates, each diver on the team calculates gas requirements for the teams planned dive.

The team works together with the program until arriving at a
depth and time that meets the gas supply requirements for
everyone.

A common strategy is to plan the dive based on the highest
SAC rates (bottom and deco), with all divers carrying the
predicted amount of gas (including reserve). This is acceptable, because it simply adds reserve for divers with lower
SAC rates.
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g.
5.
6.
After you have a final decompression schedule with gas requirements that work for the team, print out the decompression schedule
and gas requirements for use at the dive site.

If using only a single computer, print out backup tables to
laminate (or list them on a slate) and use with a timing device
and depth gauge in the event of computer failure. It is recommended that you print schedules for your planned depth and
time, as well as plus and minus five minutes and plus and
minus 3 metres/10 feet (nine schedules total).
During equipment setup for the dive, set your dive computer(s) for the
EANx blend or air that you used in the decompression software.
a.
Your actual EANx blend may have a higher oxygen content, provided
you dont exceed a PO2 of 1.4 at your deepest depth.
b.
Your decompression cylinder may have EANx50 (or a blend with
less oxygen). Do not decompress with it at a depth where the PO2
exceeds 1.6.
c.
These gases with higher oxygen content simply make your decompression more conservative.
d.
During the dive, you and your team mates may have slightly different decompression schedules due to slight variances in your depths,
as well as differences in your dive computers decompression models.

To stay together, the team stays at each stop until all computers
clear all divers to ascend to the next stop or surface.

If using tables (back up situation), team stays at each stop
until all computers clear all divers to ascend, or for the table
stop time, whichever is longest.
Limits that end the dive.
a.
In technical diving, your dive ends when anyone on your dive team
reaches any of the following, whichever comes first:

you reach the planned bottom time (what you used in the
decompression software)

your or a team mates dive computer shows 10 minutes
decompression time required (or less if the planned decompression was less)
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Appendix
It is important to turn the dive with the planned

decompression time showing, even if the bottom time
is less than planned and the required decompression is
still less than 10 minutes, because your decompression
gas volume requirement is based on the planned
decompression time.

you or a team mate reaches turn pressure on your gas supply
Turn pressure is the reading on your SPG that indicates it is time to head up.
It is calculated based on the cylinder pressure of the gas volume your software predicts youll use on the bottom. Knowing your turn pressure and
having it written on a slate assures that you head up with the gas for decompression and reserve intact.
a.
Almost all software will tell you the required gas for all individual
gases, but many do not tell you how much you use on the bottom, or
calculate turn pressure.
b.
To determine your turn pressure, you may therefore have to do so
with a calculator and the tables in the Tec Deep Diver Manual.
c.
You will use turn pressure formulas, as well as what you already
learned about SAC and actual gas supplies in Tec 40 Knowledge
Development One.

Note: For simplicity, treat your descent as time on the bottom. This gives you a slightly higher reserve.
d.
Formulas:

Metric: Turn pressure = start pressure (bottom volume
cylinder capacity)

Imperial: Turn pressure = starting pressure (bottom volume
baseline)
e.
Examples
Metric example:
Your working SAC rate is 19 litres per minute. You plan a dive to 40 metres
for 10 minutes. Your decompression software shows that using an 11 litre
cylinder, working pressure 205 bar, and a 9 litre deco cylinder will provide
the gas volume you need. By what pressure should you start your ascent?
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First, find your bottom volume.

Bottom volume = minutes X SAC X conversion factor
Bottom volume = 10 X 19 X 5.2
Bottom volume = 988 litres
Assuming your 11 litre cylinder is full (205 bar), then:
Turn pressure = 205 (988 11)
Turn pressure = 115 bar
To manage your gas appropriately, you should begin ascending when or
before your SPG reaches 115 bar.
Imperial example.
Your working SAC rate is .8 cf per minute. You plan a dive to 130 feet for
10 minutes. Your decompression software shows that using an 80 cubic foot
cylinder, working pressure 3000 psi, and a 65 cubic foot deco cylinder will
provide the gas volume you need. By what pressure should you start your
ascent?
First, find your bottom volume.
Bottom volume = minutes X SAC X conversion factor
Bottom volume = 10 X .8 X 4.9
Bottom volume = 39.2 cubic feet
Next, find the baseline for an 80 cubic foot cylinder. Recall that to get the
baseline, you divide the working capacity by the working pressure
Baseline = cap working pressure
Baseline = 80 3000
Baseline = .0267
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Assuming your 80 cubic foot cylinder is full (3000 psi), then:

Turn pressure = 3000 (39.2 .0257)
Turn pressure = 1474 psi.
To manage your gas appropriately, you should begin ascending when or
before your SPG reaches 1474 psi.
f.
Note that in both examples that your deco cylinder is required to

meet the required reserve (rule of thirds).
C.
Oxygen exposure calculations

1.
If your dive computer was set for air or EANx with less oxygen than your
actual bottom gas and/or you switched to a higher oxygen decompression
gas for conservatism, you have to account for your oxygen exposure after
the dive, because your dive computer didnt know how much oxygen you
actually had in your cylinder(s).
2.
After the dive, use desktop software and enter the dive as you actually made
it actual depths, times and gases used. Record your OTUs and CNS clock
for planning subsequent dives.
D.
Repetitive dives
1.
Plan repetitive dives as you did the first dive, but recall that you must enter
the first dive data and your surface interval so the program can account for
residual nitrogen.
2.
When planning a repetitive dive, enter the actual dive as made. You may
also use the previous dive as planned if it yields a more conservative repetitive dive plan.
3.
If OTUs or CNS could approach their maximums unlikely within Tec 40
limits, but possible if you make several repetitive dives after planning
your dive based on a single gas, enter the planned depths, times and stops
based on the actual gas blends to make sure you will remain within
oxygen limits.
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E.
Making software line up with your dive computer

1.
After a few decompression dives, you may find that your decompression
software is more conservative than your dive computer, or vice versa.
a.
Be sure your backup computer and/or your team mates computers
are similar to your computer to rule out a problem with your computer.
2.
If you dont spend the majority of the time at the deepest depth, your dive
computer would be expected to be less conservative than your software,
because it calculates the slower nitrogen absorption. Dont make any adjustments on this account.
3.
If you do spend the majority of the time near the deepest depth, there may
be some difference in the required stops and some variation in the total
decompression time due to minor differences in the decompression models.
This is normal.
4.
If there is a large difference between your decompression software and your
dive computers (enough to substantially throw off gas supply calculations
etc.), contact the software author and/or the dive computer manufacturer.
You can adjust safety factors above the default settings to make software
more conservative, but do not make it less conservative unless advised to do
so by the software manufacturer.
5.
Assuming no unforeseen emergencies, you should surface from a dive with
your reserve gas supply intact. If you have substantially more or less gas:
a.
First, confirm your working and decompression SAC rates. Adjust
your SAC rates in the software if necessary.
b.
If your SAC rates are accurate and youre coming up with a bit less
gas than you should, it is typically that your software predicts less
decompression than does your computer.
c.
Check your decompression software setting and adjust it so it is
more conservative and predicts a bit longer decompression.
d.
If the decompression seems to be in line (close match between your
dive computer and the software), it may be how the software calculates gas use. Increase your SAC rate setting even if that makes it
high compared to your calculations.
e.
Do not adjust anything if you have too much gas, unless the surplus
is extreme. Too much gas is seldom a problem.
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1. At the Tec 40 level, the recommendation is that you use EANx for your bottom gas and
set your decompression software dive

a. for the gas youre using.

b. for an EANx blend with more oxygen.

c. for at least two different gases.

d. for air or an EANx blend with less oxygen.
2. To determine your gas supply requirements, you must enter your _________ into the
software.

a. decompression profile

b. SAC rates

c. bottom gas

d. dive computer model
3. The minimum gas reserve you should plan for on a technical dive is ________ of your
total gas supply.

a. a quarter

b. a third

c. half

d. two thirds
4. At the Tec 40 level, you set your dive computer to follow the plan you made with your
decompression software by setting it for the EANx blend you used for your decompression planning with the software.

True

False
5. When using computers to provide decompression information, the team stays together.
All divers stay at each stop until all computers clear all divers to ascend to the next stop.

True

False
6. When you or a team mate reaches any of the following, you should begin your ascent
(choose all that apply):

a. your planned bottom time

b. a dive computer shows 10 minutes decompression required

c. you have a decompression stop at 18 metres/60 feet

d. turn pressure on your SPG
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7. You calculate turn pressure by determining how much cylinder pressure you would use
for the volume software predicts you will consume on the bottom.

True

False
8. To account for your oxygen exposure when using a gas with a higher oxygen content
than you set your dive computer for

a. you neednt do anything because the difference is negligible.

b. you need to dive with a third and fourth dive computer set to the actual content.

c. you enter the actual dive with the actual gases into your software.

d. All of the above.
9. If your gas requirement calculations appear to be off, your first step is to confirm your
working and decompression SAC rates.

True

False
How did you do?
1. d. 2. b. 3. b. 4. True. 5. True. 6. a, b, d. 7. True. 8. d. 9. True
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Learning Objectives
1. What are Oxygen Tolerance Units (OTUs)?
2. How do you use OTUs to manage oxygen exposure?
3. How do you use the CNS clock to manage oxygen exposure?
4. What is the basis for CNS clock surface interval credit?
5. Why may you choose an EANx blend than has a PO2 less than 1.4 at the working depth
for a particular dive?
A.
As you already learned, you need to manage your oxygen exposure when using
EANx (and later oxygen as a Tec 45 diver) to avoid pulmonary and CNS oxygen
toxicity.
1.
Recall that your primary prevention of CNS toxicity is in keeping your oxygen partial pressure below the critical thresholds of 1.4 (working part of the
dive) and 1.6 (decompression at rest).
2.
Because it is a biochemical process, there must be an exposure-time relationship involved with the onset of CNS toxicity. However, there are so
many other physiological variables involved that, for practical purposes, the
relationship is useless for reliably predicting CNS toxicity.
3.
Pulmonary oxygen toxicity does have a useful time-exposure relationship
that allows reliable predictions.
a.
OTUs (Oxygen Toxicity Units or Oxygen Tolerance Units, depending upon the reference) and the CNS clock both help you prevent
pulmonary oxygen toxicity.
b.
As a Tec 40 diver, pulmonary oxygen toxicity is highly unlikely, but
possible if you make several dives in a short period using EANx
with high oxygen (like EANx50).
B.
OTUs
1.
OTUs are units that measure your oxygen exposure as a dose. A given time
at a given PO2 yields a certain number of OTUs based on a simple mathematical equation.
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2.
3.
C.
At the Tec 40 level, as you know, you use your desk top decompression
software to calculate your OTUs.
a.
You enter the actual gases you use (EANx blend) for your bottom
depth and time, and for your decompression stops and times.
OTU limits vary depending upon how much diving youre doing.
a.
The Oxygen Tolerance Units Exposure Limits table in the Appendix
of the Tec Deep Diver Manual shows you the limits based on the
number of days diving.
b.
The Total OTUs for Mission is the limit for all OTUs together over
the given number of days.
c.
The Average OTUs per day is the maximum allowed in a single day.
d.
Note that at 11 days on, the daily limit is 300 OTUs.

Many tec divers use 300 OTUs per day as the limit, even if
diving for fewer than 11 days. This keeps things simple and
conservative.

Youll find that 300 OTUs covers a lot of diving this is a
very workable approach even at higher tec diving levels.
e.
Check your OTUs with your desk top decompression software after
each dive.
CNS clock
1.
It seems somewhat redundant to calculate the CNS clock and OTUs, but
this is the state of practice in tec diving.
2.
As you know, you calculate CNS clock with your desk top decompression
software. The CNS clock is expressed as a percent of the allowable exposure so it should not exceed 100 percent.
a.
Most software calculates OTUs and CNS clock simultaneously.
3.
There is oxygen surface interval credit for the CNS clock.
a.
Between dives, your body begins reversing the effects of oxygen
exposure. This means there is potential for crediting time at the surface.
b.
The basis for CNS surface interval credit is hospital patients undergoing long term oxygen exposure. The system has a good field
record with use.
c.
Most desk top decompression software will credit your CNS exposure when you plan repetitive dives.

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d.
4.
D.
The system has variations, so different decompression programs may

give somewhat different results. You can also reference the CNS
Surface Interval Table in the appendix of the Tec Deep Diver
Manual.
e.
Note that there is no surface interval credit for OTUs.
As always, stay well within CNS and OTU limits.
Oxygen exposure and gas blend choice

1.
As youve learned, the ideal blend for a given dive is the one with a PO2
near 1.4 at the maximum depth. This is based on the assumption that you
want the maximum possible oxygen so you have the minimum nitrogen
(and/or helium as a trimix diver) possible.
2.
However, previous oxygen exposure or plans for additional dives may affect
this.
3.
To keep oxygen exposure well within limits, you may choose an EANx
blend with a PO2 less than 1.4, even if it means a shorter bottom time or a
longer decompression time. This also keeps you well within PO2 limits.
4.
As you gain experience and increase your training as a tec diver, it becomes
increasingly important to consider prior and planned dives when determining your OTUs and CNS clock exposure.

1. Oxygen Tolerance Units are units that measure your oxygen exposure as a dose.

True

False
2. To use OTUs, (choose all that apply):

a. use software to calculate OTUs based on actual depths, times and gases.

b. stay within the limits of the Oxygen Tolerance Units Exposure Limits table.

c. never exceed 100 OTUs per day.

d. use your software to calculate OTU surface interval credit.
3. To use the CNS clock, (choose all that apply):

a. use software to calculate CNS clock percent based on actual depths, times and gases.

b. you dont exceed 100 percent.

c. stay well within limits.

d. use your software to calculate CNS surface interval credit.
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4. The basis for the CNS clock surface interval credit is extensive testing with military divers.

True

False
5. Even if it were available, you may choose an EANx blend with a PO2 less than 1.4 at
the working depth to

a. make your decompression more efficient.

b. reduce oxidative wear on your equipment.

c. decrease narcosis.

d. manage your oxygen exposure over several dives.
How did you do?
1. True. 2. a, b. 3. a, b, c, d. 4. False. The basis for the CNS clock surface interval credit is
data from hospital patients undergoing long term oxygen exposure. 5. d.
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Learning Objectives
2. As a Tec 40 diver, what should you do if you have a delay during your ascent?
3. As a Tec 40 diver, what should you if you miss a decompression stop?
5. As a Tec 40 diver, what should you do if you run out of gas?
A.
This section discusses handling some emergencies within the context of Tec 40
equipment requirements and limits.
1.
The same emergencies can be more serious and more complex to handle for
longer, more complex technical dives.
2.
This is another important reason to stay within the limits of your training
and equipment.
B.
Exceeding your planned depth and time.

1.
This should be a rare situation caused by unusual circumstances (if you cant
control your depth under normal circumstances, youre not ready to tec dive).
2.
Immediately ascend and consult your computer. Your allowable dive time
will likely be much shorter than you planned.
3.
If you exceeded your depth significantly and/or for more than a minute, end
the dive immediately.
C.
Delay in ascent
1.
At the Tec 40 level, a delay in your ascent is not usually a major issue.
2.
Your dive computer will calculate the changes in your required decompression, if any.
3.
If using a backup table (computer failed), it is not critical if the delay is
short (2-3 min or less)
a.
Dont count the delay as decompression time.
b.
Extend your last stop as much as practicable, gas allowing.
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D.
Missed decompression stop

1.
At the Tec 40 level, this is most likely to be caused by failure to control
buoyancy.
2.
If you can, redescend and complete the stop, plus one minute, then finish
decompression according to your dive computer.
3.
If you cant redescend, stay at the next stop for the combined time of both
stops. Extend your last two stops (if two or more) by 1.5 what your computer requires, and/or as long as you can with the gas you have.
4.
Some dive computers will lock up until you redescend to below the depth of
a required stop. They provide no information in the event that you cant
return to your deeper stop depth. If you have such a computer or computers,
(see the manufacturers instructions), you should have your planned decompression schedule with you (on a slate, backup tables, etc.) in case of this
kind of emergency.
E.
Omitted decompression
1.
Omitted decompression is similar to a missed stop, but involves missing all
required stops and coming all the way to the surface.
2.
The risk of DCS is higher than normal, but at the Tec 40 level it should not
be excessive if:
a.
youre using an EANx blend with more oxygen than youve set your
dive computers for.
b.
youve completed most of your decompression using an EANx with
an even higher oxygen content.
3.
If you omit decompression for 6 metres/20 feet or less (most likely within
Tec 40 limits), have no symptoms and can return to stop depth in less than a
minute, decompress according to your computer, then extend the last stop as
much as possible.
4.
If you omit decompression for 6 metres/20 feet or less (most likely within
Tec 40 limits), have no symptoms and return to stop depth in more than a
minute, extend your 6 metre/20 foot stop by 1.5 times what the computer
requires, and extend the last stop as much as possible.
5.
If you omit decompression from deeper than 6 metres/20 feet, return to the
first stop depth. Complete that stop up to and including the 12 metre/40 foot
stop, then extend all subsequent stops by 1.5 times the required decompression.
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7.
Appendix
If you cant return to depth (no gas available, for instance), breathe oxygen,
remain calm and monitor yourself for DCS symptoms.
Some dive computers will lock up if you omit decompression. Others lock
up after a given period (typically a minute), after which they provide no
decompression information. If you have such a computer or computers, (see
the manufacturers instructions), you should have your planned decompression schedule with you (on a slate, backup tables, etc.) in case of this kind
of emergency.
F.
The TecRec Emergency Procedures Slate summarizes the procedures for delayed
ascents, missed decompression and omitted decompression. It is recommended that
you carry this slate with you on tec dives.
G.
Running out of gas

1.
Should be unlikely at the Tec 40 level if you plan your gas supplies correctly and follow the reserve rules.
a.
Having a deco cylinder with more than ample gas makes this even
less likely.
2.
Increased SAC rate due to exertion is not usually an issue, because you hit
turn pressure sooner, which means a shorter dive time and less decompression.
3.
If you run low on gas in a deco cylinder, switch to your back gas. As a Tec
40 diver, all your decompression should be based on using that gas or ideally, on one with lower oxygen content.
4.
You can share gas with team mates and/or support divers.
5.
Generally, if gas termination interferes with your decompression, decompress as long as you can, as best as you can. The more you decompress, the
lower your DCS risk. However, do not run out of gas. DCS is serious but
has a high likelihood of successful treatment. Drowning does not.
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1. If you exceed your planned depth and time, as a Tec 40 diver you should consult your
computer and be prepared to end your dive sooner than planned.

True

False
2. If you have a delay during your ascent, as a Tec 40 diver (choose all that apply)

a. you should decompress for 1.5 times what your computer says.

b. you should decompress for 3 times what your computer says.

c. continue to decompress according to what your computer says.

3. If you miss a decompression stop, as a Tec 40 diver (choose all that apply)

a. you should redescend, complete the stop plus one minute, then finish decompression according to your dive computer.

b. surface and seek immediate recompression.

c. descend to 12 metres/40 feet and extend all stops by 1.5 times what you computer requires.

d. you may need to refer to your written decompression schedule if your computers
would lock up.
4. If you omit decompression, what you do depends upon how deep your stops were when
you had the omission, and how fast you can return to stop depth.

True

False
5. If you run out of gas, as a Tec 40 diver your options may include (choose all that apply)

a. switching back to back gas.

b. sharing with a team mate or support diver.

c. decompressing for as long as possible with what you have to minimize DCS risk.
How did you do?
1. True. 2. c. 3. a, d. 4. True. 5. a, b, c.
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Tec 45

Learning Objectives
1. Why is the standard practice to use two multigas dive computers on the dive, and to plan
with desk top decompression software?
2. Why are DSMBs replacing lift bags in many tec diving situations?
3. Why has failure of quick releases on harness shoulders proved not to be a serious issue?
What would you do if it were to happen?
4. What is perhaps the most common weighting error in tec diving?
5. Why is backup buoyancy critical in most open water, open circuit technical diving?
6. What are the problems with trying to use a lift bag or DSMB as a backup buoyancy system?
7. What is the policy of virtually every lift bag and dry suit manufacturer with respect to
backup buoyancy?
8. Why is the redundant (double bladder) BCD the most realistic approach to providing
backup buoyancy control?
A.
The standard of practice in deep decompression tec diving is to use multigas dive
computers during the dive, with decompression software for overall planning. You
may use a single gas computer and/or depth gauge and timer with tables in this
course, but this is the recommended approach. There are several reasons why:
1.
Multigas computers now handle up to seven gas mixes (including trimix),
and also calculate CCR (closed circuit rebreather) diving, making them suited to your future as well as present tec diving.
2.
A multigas computer maximizes your options in an emergency, allowing
you, for example, to switch to a lower oxygen gas (even back gas) should
you lose or exhaust your primary deco gas.
a.
Some of the newest models allow you to enter entirely new gases
during the dive and recalculate your decompression. This provides
more options in an emergency.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
B.
Many multigas computers have PC interfaces, allowing you to adjust stop

depths, conservatism factors, etc. Some let you choose the decompression
model you prefer.
Multigas computers track your actual dive profile, adjusting your decompression requirements based on your actual dive. This makes it easier to
adjust to circumstances. Example: You accidentally exceed your planned
depth slightly; you leave the bottom sooner based on your computer so that
your decompression time is the same as planned, keeping you within your
gas plan.
With a multigas computer, you can choose to decompress based on a single
gas and switch to a higher oxygen gas for added conservatism (as you
learned to do as a Tec 40 diver). Should circumstances require (emergency),
however, you can switch to accelerated decompression to get to the surface
faster with less gas used.
You still use deco software to plan the dive oxygen exposure, decompression and gas requirements. Use the computer within the dive you plan.
Multigas computers are more sophisticated than single gas, so theyre more
complex to use. But, they are not difficult to use and getting easier.
DSMBs (Delayed Surface Marker Buoys) are replacing lift bags in many tec diving
situations.
1.
DSMBs stand higher in the water, making them preferred for rough conditions.
2.
DSMBs are more compact on your rig, making them popular when used as
an emergency alert only.
3.
DSMBs have no-spill designs (though several lift bags have these, too,
now), so accidentally losing tension on the line isnt likely to result in a
spilled buoy.
4.
The highest capacity DSMBs are essentially tall, thin lift bags and work
well for drift decompression.
5.
Several types of DSMBs (and lift bags) have LP inflation ports that allow
you to fill them with an LP inflator hose, away from your body or mouth,
without using a second stage. This minimizes the chance of regulator freeze,
as well as minimizing reel tangle issues.
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C.
At one time, some people thought failure of shoulder quick release buckles on tec
harnesses would be a serious issue. This hasnt proven true.
1.
Quick release buckles are designed to withstand hundreds of kg/lbs direct
stress. This explains why stress failure is virtually unheard of.
2.
Were the release to fail, you would only have to pass the lower part of the
harness strap through the D-ring on the upper part and tie it.
D.
Weighting
1.
Proper weighting and adequate backup buoyancy remain two areas commonly addressed inadequately in open circuit technical divers.
2.
Perhaps the most common weighting error in tec diving is under weighting.
a.
Proper weighting means youre able to maintain your final stop
depth with nearly empty back cylinders and either no or near-empty
deco cylinders this is what would happen if you had a major problem forcing you into a long deco using your gas reserve, and/or
decoing on back gas.
b.
If you were not weighted for this, you face a high DCS risk, because
you would not be able to remain at stops.
c.
As an example, a properly weighted tec diver wearing high capacity
doubles and two deco cylinders will be about 14 kg/30 lbs negatively
buoyant at the start of a dive, and 4.5 kg/10 lbs or more negative at
the end if dive goes as planned.
d.
In this example, inadequate weighting would mean that in an emergency situation, besides the original problem, you also have to deal
with between 4.5 kg/10lbs and 14 kg/30 lbs positive buoyancy while
trying to decompress.
E.
Backup buoyancy is critical in most open water, open circuit technical diving
because a diver is substantially negatively buoyant throughout the dive.
1.
Failure of the primary BCD without a backup leaves no alternative but to
drop equipment (deco cylinders, weights, etc.). This can make the situation
worse if the diver must discard deco gases to attain buoyancy.
2.
Discarding gear may result in too much buoyancy. If the diver is already in
deco, the ability to decompress effectively becomes compromised, growing
worse as the diver consumes gas.
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3.
4.
5.
There is a high likelihood of surfacing with omitted decompression if the

diver cannot maintain stop depths, or lacks the required decompression
gases, or both.
A dry suit may work as a backup buoyancy device.
a.
This is primarily an option when the dive will be relatively short and
shallow, with short decompression the gas requirement is low, so
the diver is not substantially negatively buoyant (such as when using
aluminum cylinders).
b.
Limited option most dry suits will not hold more than small
amount of excess gas. Beyond a certain point, it escapes through
neck/wrist seals.
c.
Several manufacturers caution against inflating their dry suits to gain
large amounts of buoyancy because of zipper failure issues.
d.
A large volume of expanding gas is harder to control in a dry suit.
e.
With deeper/longer tec dives, backup buoyancy control other than
the dry suit is generally necessary.
Some have advocated using a lift bag or DSMB as a backup buoyancy
device. This has several problems:
a.
DSMBs and lift bags are not designed as buoyancy devices and are
difficult to control in that role.

They are even more difficult to control while trying to perform gas switches, handle a gas shutdown, etc.

Even if learned and practiced, it is not a skill one would
expect a diver to perform reliably in a real failed BCD emergency over the course of a real decompression. If it has not
been practiced at all, it would be especially difficult.

DSMBs/lift bags do not provide a realistic buoyancy system
for positive buoyancy at the surface after completing decompression.

Using a DSMB/lift bag as back up buoyancy would require
the diver to hold on to the bag while dealing with other tasks,
or it would have to be clipped to the harness. Either would
compromise safety.
b.
If the DSMB/lift bag is used for backup buoyancy, then it is not
available to send to the surface.
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c.
6.
7.
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Sending the DSMB/bag to the surface and hanging on the line for
buoyancy is not a good option either.

In all but flat seas, this will cause the diver to rise and fall,
compromising the quality of the decompression.

Once sent up, there is no way to adjust the bags buoyancy.

It is not a technique that transfers well to other environments.

Stress on the line and reel is a major issue. For this to be reliable, the diver would need to carry much heavier line and a
larger reel than most tec divers prefer.
d.
Trying to use a lift bag or DSMB as a backup buoyancy system
unnecessarily complicates an emergency situation, and provides
inadequate benefit.
Its worth noting that no dry suit manufacturer and no lift bag manufacturer
sanctions the use of their products as tec diving backup buoyancy devices.
Some specifically warn against it.
The redundant (double bladder) BCD is the most realistic approach to providing backup buoyancy control.
a.
They are designed for the job and endorsed by the manufacturers.
b.
They are used the same way as your primary BCD a well practiced
skill you use on every dive, exactly what you want in an emergency
situation.
c.
They are applicable to virtually all dive environments.
d.
Other than a slightly higher investment, there are no meaningful
drawbacks.
e.
They are the only real option for open water tec diving in a wet suit.
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1. Multigas computers have become the standard of practice in tec diving because (choose
all that apply)

a. they handle multiple gases and CCR diving.

b. they maximize your options in an emergency.

c. their decompression models are newer than those in single gas computers.

d. they are smaller than single gas computers.
2. DSMBs are replacing lift bags in many tec diving situations because (choose all that apply)

a. they dont stick so far up into the wind.

b. they are more compact on your rig.

c. they have no-spill designs.

d. some have special inflation systems.
3. It is unlikely that a quick release on your harness shoulder would fail, but if it did, you
would only need to tie off the loose end.

True

False
4. Perhaps the most common weighting error in tec diving is

a. under weighting.

b. over weighting.

c. neutral weighting.

5. Backup buoyancy control is critical in open water, open circuit tec diving because if
youre properly weighted and your primary BCD fails, you risk being unable to decompress adequately.

True

False
6. Problems with trying to use a lift bag or DSMB as a backup buoyancy system include
(choose all that apply)

a. it is a complex skill with low reliability for use under stress after disuse.

b. it is difficult to conduct that skill and other complex skills at the same time.

c. hanging from a floating DSMB/lift bag may compromise the quality of decompression.

d. hanging from a floating DSMB/lift bag requires a heavier line/reel than tec divers
like to use.
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7. Several manufacturers endorse the use of the lift bags/DSMBs are emergency backup
buoyancy devices.

True

False
8. The redundant (double bladder) BCD is the most realistic approach to providing backup
buoyancy control because (choose all that apply)

a. they were designed specifically for this purpose.

b. you use them exactly like you use your primary BCD a practiced skill.

c. it is applicable to almost all dive environments.

d. other than a slightly higher cost, it has no meaningful drawbacks.
How did you do?
1. a, b. 2. b, c, d. 3. True. 4. a. 5. True. 6. a, b, c, d. 7. False. 8. a, b, c, d.
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Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, you should be able to answer this question:
1. Why may you set a multigas computer for gas blends you dont plan to use on a dive?
L.
More on using multigas computers in emergency situations

1.
You do not have to use a gas just because you set your multigas dive computer for it.
2.
Dive computers that support a large number of gases can be set for gases
you dont plan to use, but that would be available for use in an emergency.
This gives you more gas options in the event of an emergency.
a.
Example: Deco gases used by another team that will be diving along
with your team may be different from your teams, but available for
sharing.
b.
Example: Air is readily available in many dive environments, so
support divers could bring it for decompression use if nothing else
were quickly obtainable.
3.
The main drawback to having your multigas computer set for gases you
dont plan to use is that you have to be sure you dont select one of the contingency gases by accident.
4.
Some of the newest computers will allow you to enter a new gas during the
dive should you need to do so in an emergency situation. The computer can
then calculate your decompression accordingly.

1. You might set a multigas computer for gas blends you dont plan to use during a dive so
your computer can calculate your decompression with them in an emergency situation.

True

False
How did you do?
1. True.
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Learning Objectives
1. What are your two options for conducting deep stops?
2. What is the current thinking regarding deep stops?
3. What approach to deep stops seems to be the most prudent?
G.
More on deep stops

1.
There are two primary options for conducting deep stops.
a.
The first is to use a conventional dissolved gas decompression model
and then add deep stops as discussed previously and in the Tec Deep
Diver Manual.
b.
The second is to use a decompression model that inherently stops
you deeper than other models. Most bubble models fit into
this category.
2.
Although deep stops had a lot of anecdotal support at one time, the current
thinking based on US Navy Experimental Diving Unit research is that they
may not be as beneficial as once thought.
a.
The USN compared a bubble model and conventional dissolved gas
model on manned test dives. Dives were to the same depth for the
same duration with the same decompression time distributed over a
deep stops (bubble) schedule and a conventional (dissolved gas)
schedule.
b.
The tests were terminated due to an unacceptable DCS rate in
subjects decompressed with the bubble schedule.
3.
Other data are less conclusive.
a.
Some no stop diving tests find a minor benefit to deep stops.
b.
Many divers have been using bubble models without
difficulties.
c.
Deep stops and bubble models are common practices widely used in
the tec community, again, without widespread
problems.
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4.
The prudent approach to deep stops at the moment seems to be:

a.
Use a conventional dissolved gas model and add deep
stops as you learned. The deep stops will lengthen your shallower
stops.
b.
If you wish to use a decompression bubble model, choose one that is
well supported by human test data.
c.
Whatever model you use, stay well within limits and pad your decompression to make it conservative. Dont be in a hurry to leave your last
stop extend it beyond the required time.
d.
Stay up to date on the latest findings in decompression research.
Know your sources just because someone says something on an
internet forum doesnt make it true.

1. Your two options for deep stops include (choose all that apply)

a. using a deep stops bubble model.

b. adding deep stops to a bubble model.

c. using a conventional dissolved gas model.

d. adding deep stops to a conventional dissolved gas model.
2. The current thinking on deep stops is

a. they are unquestionably beneficial.

b. they are unquestionably without benefit.

c. there is some doubt about whether theyre as beneficial as once thought.
3. To use deep stops prudently (choose all that apply)

a. use a conventional model, add deep stops and complete the extra deco they add.

b. if you use a bubble model, use one well supported with human test data.

c. use any model conservatively.

d. stay informed about the latest findings in decompression theory.
How did you do?
1. a, d. 2. c. 3. a, b, c, d.
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Tec 50

Learning Objectives
1. What are the options and considerations for long hose gas sharing during the decompression phase of a technical dive?
D.
Sharing gas with the long hose is usually a procedure that closes the gap between
when the victim loses the gas supply and reaches another independent gas supply or
the surface.
1.
On a deco dive, if there are stops before the first gas switch, it may be necessary to supply gas to the affected diver on those stops.
2.
One advantage of a three person team is that it provides two people to help
the one both divers can provide gas to the victim at various intervals so
that neither one has a severely depleted supply.
3.
At the first gas switch, the victim can usually dive independently through
the rest of the dive.
a.
At the Tec 50 level, air breaks will not usually be needed until after
the second gas switch; the affected diver can usually break on the
lower oxygen deco gas.
b.
If the first deco gas is EANx50 or higher, however, the diver may
need to share gas for air breaks.
c.
At the surface after completing decompression, the victim will usually breathe from a deco cylinder while orally inflating the BCD, but
its a good idea for a team mate to stay ready with the long hose until
the victim is out of the water.
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1. Considerations and options for long hose gas sharing on a decompression dive include
(choose all that apply):

a. the depth at which the victim switches to the first deco gas.

b. whether the victim will need long hose gas sharing for air breaks.

c. whether the long hose is oxygen compatible.

d. being ready to provide assistance at the surface after completing
decompression.
How did you do?
a, b, d.
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Learning Objectives
1. What are three reasons you may want to tec dive in a pool or shallow water?
C.
Practice, practice, practice

1.
Tec diving involves a lot of motor procedures. A motor procedure is a series
of motor skills that you carry out in sequence in response to a need of some
kind (routine or emergency).
2.
Motor skills erode with disuse, but usually refresh quickly with practice.
3.
New situations may call for creating new motor procedures.
4.
As a tec diver, you may find it a good idea to practice your tec diving skills
in a pool or other shallow, no stop dive situation for these reasons:
a.
To refresh your skills You already know you need to do this as a
recreational diver if youve not been active in awhile. Even if youre
active as a tec diver, however, you may want to refresh seldom-used
emergency skills. These may include long hose drills, send up lift
bags/DSMBs, drift decompression, etc. whatever skills you may
need in an emergency, but have not actually practiced in quite a few
dives.
b.
To extend your skills You may need to apply what already know in
a new situation; practicing first may help. For example, if you may
have to don and remove deco cylinders in reduced visibility and
heavy surface chop while hanging onto a current line, it may be
worth practicing doing this with your face entirely underwater and
your eyes closed, while hanging onto a line.
c.
To invent mission specific skills Your dive plan may call for doing
something highly specific, such as recovering a lost object. If you
dont know the best way to rig the object for recovery, you may want
to invent the procedure using a duplicate of it in shallow water.
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1. Reasons you may want to tec dive in a pool or shallow water include (choose all that
apply):

a. refreshing your skills.

b. teaching yourself to cave dive.

c. to extend your skills to specific situations.

d. to invent mission specific skills.
How did you do?
a, c, d.
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Learning Objectives
1. What is trimix?
3. What will your qualifications be with respect to diving with trimix as a Tec 50 diver?
A.
At depths beyond 30 metres/100 feet, trimix is increasingly advantageous.

1.
Trimix is a blend of oxygen, helium and nitrogen.
a.
Much as enriched air nitrox is abbreviated EANx, trimix is abbreviated TMx.
b.
Trimix nomenclature is to label a blend with the oxygen and helium
content. Example: TMx10.5/50 is 10.5 percent oxygen, 50 percent
helium, balance nitrogen
2.
The prevailing view is that you use trimix for open water dives deeper than
50 metres/165 feet .
a.
Deeper than 40 metres/130 feet, the prevailing view is that trimix is
required for overhead environments or complex open water environments.
b.
Although using air as deep as 50 metres/165 feet for open water diving has a long-standing record of being acceptable, the trend is
toward using trimix beginning at shallower depths.
c.
However, air/EANx remains a viable option in the 30 metre/100 foot
to 50 metre/165 foot range in open water and reasonable conditions.
B.
Advantages and disadvantages of trimix

1.
Advantages
a.
Reduced narcosis Helium is not narcotic, so trimix greatly reduces
narcosis. This is particularly important for dives below 50
metres/165 feet, but is useful as shallow as 30 metres/100 feet for
complex dives, dealing with poor conditions. It is considered mandatory for overhead environment diving beyond 40 metres/130 feet.
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b.
2.
Reduced gas density Helium is a lighter than oxygen and nitrogen

so it is easier to breathe under pressure. This reduction in respiratory
load is thought to help reduce carbon dioxide buildup by improving
respiratory exchange, as well by reducing the muscular effort
required to breathe.
c.
Reduced oxygen exposure At depths below 50 metres/165 feet, it
becomes increasingly important to reduce the oxygen in a breathing
gas. Helium is a better choice than nitrogen for reducing the fraction
of oxygen for both its non narcotic and its low gas density properties.
Disadvantages
a.
Decompression times and schedules Because helium diffuses more
rapidly than nitrogen, you need to use tables or mixed gas dive computers set for the specific trimix youre using.

All else being equal, within typical tec diving limits, a trimix
dive requires more decompression than an air/EANx dive.

You cannot simply use an air or EANx schedule for trimix,
even if the oxygen content is the same.

Trimix almost always requires accelerated decompression
with higher oxygen deco gases.

Most software and many high end tec diving computers support trimix, so planning your dives does not differ much from
what you do as a Tec 50 diver but you must plan
for helium.
b.
Theoretical DCS risk Because helium diffuses rapidly, in theory
DCS is more likely with helium, particularly following a rapid
ascent, a poorly executed or omitted decompression stop, or similar
error.

Recent examination of data does not find that this is clearly
the case. There may be more risk of DCS Type II (neurological), though this isnt clearly the case either.

Some argue that heliums rapid diffusion makes it more efficient during decompression.
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3.
C.
Trimix and the Tec 50 certification

1.
If your instructor is a DSAT Tec Trimix instructor, you may have the option
of using trimix on Tec 50 Training Dive Four.
2.
Realize that this does not certify you or qualify you to dive trimix independently.
3.
To dive trimix, continue your training with the Tec Trimix 65 course and/or
the Tec Trimix Diver course.
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Until we know more, the prudent practice is to assume it has

less error tolerance and higher risk; tight, well executed dive
skills and conservative schedules are part of reducing DCS
risk regardless of what gases youre using.

Although there is some question whether the helium diving
has a higher DCS risk, until we know more it is a risk you
must accept if you dive trimix.
c.
Cost and availability Helium is expensive, and in some areas, nearly impossible to get.

Using open circuit scuba, the cost of helium can be significant.

In some areas, helium isnt available even at a high price.

For this reason, in some areas trimix isnt commonly used, or
used less frequently, for open water dives in the 30 metre/100 foot to
50 metre/165 foot range.
d.
Heat loss Helium absorbs heat rapidly and insulates poorly compared to nitrogen-oxygen. For that reason (among others), you cannot use it in a dry suit. The most common solution is to use a small
cylinder with an inflation gas (typically argon) to inflate the dry suit.
Note: Using trimix does not make an unsafe dive safe!
a.
Trimix helps offset some of the disadvantages of air/EANx in deep
diving, but it does not eliminate risk.
b.
Using trimix does not make it acceptable to dive in poor conditions
or situations beyond your experience and skill level. If the site is
unsafe for diving with air within air depth limits, pick another site
regardless of what gases youre using.
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1. Trimix is a blend of oxygen, helium and nitrogen.

True

False
2. Advantages of diving with trimix include (choose all that apply):

a. reduced narcosis.

b. that it is a better insulator in your dry suit.

c. it has less density.

d. reduced oxygen exposure
3. Disadvantages of diving with trimix include (choose all that apply):

a. theoretical DCS risk.

b. cost and availability.

c. longer decompression times.

d. oxygen toxicity.
How did you do?
1. True. 2. a, c, d. 3. a, b, c.
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Appendix
Liability Release and Assumption of Risk

for Technical Diving
Please read carefully, fill in all blanks and initial each paragraph before signing.
I, _________________________________________, HEREBY DECLARE THAT I AM A CERTIFIED
(Participant)
SCUBA DIVER, TRAINED IN SAFE DIVING PRACTICES INCLUDING THE USE OF NITROX,
AND/OR TRIMIX AND AM AWARE OF THE INHERENT HAZARDS OF SCUBA DIVING.
_____ I further state that I am an experienced diver and have been certified by the following training
organization(s): ____________________________ and that I am aware of the required certification or
equivalent experience required to participate in technical diving activities. I have been a certified diver since
__________, and have been diving for ________ years, with a total of approximately ________ dives, to a
maximum depth of _________ metres/feet (circle one).
_____ I further declare that I am thoroughly aware of the inherent hazards of participating in technical
and recreational scuba diving activities, and in consideration of being allowed to participate in this activity,
I hereby assume all risks in connection with said activity, for any harm, injury or damage that I may suffer
while I am participating in this activity, including all risks connected therewith, whether foreseen or unforeseen.
_____ I further declare that I am properly trained, thoroughly informed, and completely understand the
inherent hazards of Technical Scuba Diving activities, including the risk of serious injury or death. Further,
I understand that diving with compressed air, oxygen-enriched air (nitrox), trimix, and 100 percent oxygen
involves certain inherent risks that include but are not limited to: decompression sickness, embolism, oxygen
toxicity, inert gas narcosis, marine life injuries, fire and/or explosion hazards, and barotrauma or hyperbaric
injuries which can occur and require treatment in a recompression chamber. I further understand that Technical Scuba Diving activities may be conducted at a site that is remote, either by time or distance or both,
from such a recompression chamber. I still choose to participate in such Technical Scuba Diving activities,
despite the possible absence of a recompression chamber in proximity to the dive site.
_____ I further declare that I understand Technical Diving involves risks that exceed those encountered in
recreational scuba diving. These risks may include but are not limited to: depths that exceed the limits of
recreational diving; decompression procedures; over-head environments and/or the risk of entanglement that
may prevent direct ascent to the surface in the event of an emergency; sudden loss of visibility; the necessity
for computing both nitrogen and or helium and oxygen loading to plan dives; and the need for specialized
training, equipment, and planning for different types of Technical Scuba Diving. I understand that Technical Scuba Diving may involve a greater risk of serious injury or death than recreational scuba diving, and I
assume the risks of this activity.
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_____ I understand that I AM SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ENSURING MY OWN SAFETY DURING
PARTICIPATION IN THIS ACTIVITY and agree that neither: 1) the facility(ies), organization(s) or supervisory
personnel offering this activity, ___________________, nor their employees; 2) nor the organizers or promoters of
this event; 3)nor Diving Science and Technology Corp. (DSAT); Nor 4) PADI Americas, Inc. (PADI), nor affiliate
or subsidiary corporations, nor any of their respective employees, officers, agents or assigns (hereinafter referred to
as Released Parties), may be held liable or responsible in any way for any injury, death or other damages to me or
my family, estate, heirs, or assigns, that may occur as a result of my participation in this activity, or as a result of the
negligence of any party, including the Released Parties, whether passive or active.
_____ I declare that I am in good mental and physical fitness for diving, that I am not under the influence of alcohol, nor am I under the influence of any drugs that are contraindicated to diving. If I am taking any medication, I
declare that I have seen a physician and have approval to dive under the conditions of this activity while under the
influence of the medication/drugs.
_____ I understand that all types of scuba diving, including Technical Diving, are physically strenuous activities
and that I will be exerting myself during this activity; and if I am injured as a result of heart attack, panic, hyperventilation, etc. that I assume the risk of said injuries and that I will not hold the Released Parties responsible for the
same.
_____ I will inspect all of my equipment prior to every use during this activity, ensuring that I have all necessary
equipment, and that it is functioning properly. I will not hold the Released Parties responsible for my failure to
inspect my equipment prior to diving.
____I further state that I am of lawful age and legally competent to sign this Assumption of
Risk and Liability Release Agreement, or that I have acquired the written consent of my
parent or guardian.
_____I understand that the terms herein are contractual and not a mere recital and that I have
signed this Release of my own free act and with the knowledge that I hereby agree to
waive my legal rights. I further agree that if any provision of this Agreement is found to
be unenforceable or invalid, that provision shall be severed from this Agreement. The
remainder of this Agreement will then be construed as though the unenforceable provision
had never been contained herein.
_____I understand and agree that I am not only giving up my right to sue the Released Parties
but also any rights my heirs, assigns, or beneficiaries may have to sue the Released
Parties resulting from my death. I further represent I have the authority to do so and that
my heirs, assigns, or beneficiaries will be estopped from claiming otherwise because of
my representations to the Released Parties.
I (participant name), __________________________________________, BY THIS
INSTRUMENT DO EXEMPT AND RELEASE THE FACILITY(IES), ORGANIZATION(S), OR SUPERVISORY PERSONNEL
DIVE PROFESSIONALS CONDUCTING THIS ACTIVITY, AND THEIR EMPLOYEES, THE ORGANIZERS AND PROMOTERS OF THIS EVENT, DIVING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, CORP, PADI AMERICAS, INC., AND ALL RELATED ENTITIES AND RELEASED PARTIES AS DEFINED ABOVE, FROM ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY WHATSOEVER FOR
PERSONAL INJURY, PROPERTY DAMAGE OR WRONGFUL DEATH, HOWEVER CAUSED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE NEGLIGENCE OF THE RELEASED PARTIES, WHETHER PASSIVE OR ACTIVE. I HAVE FULLY INFORMED
MYSELF OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS LIABILITY RELEASE AND ASSUMPTION OF RISK AGREEMENT BY READING IT
BEFORE SIGNING IT ON BEHALF OF MYSELF AND MY HEIRS.
__________________
(Date)
__________________
(Date)
__________________
(Date)
_______________________________________________________
(Signature of Participant)
_______________________________________________________
(Signature of Parent or Guardian if applicable)
_______________________________________________________
(Witness)
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Liability Release and Express Assumption of Risk

for Discover Tec Diving
Please read carefully, fill in all blanks and initial each paragraph before signing.
I, ______________________________, HEREBY DECLARE THAT I AM A ______________________________
(Participant)
CERTIFIED SCUBA DIVER, TRAINED IN SAFE DIVING PRACTICES AND AM AWARE OF THE INHERERNT HAZARDS OF
SCUBA DIVING.
______ I further declare that I have been advised and thoroughly informed of the hazards of participating in technical
and recreational scuba diving activities, and in consideration of being allowed to participate in this activity, I hereby
assume all risks in connection with said activity, for any harm, injury or damage that I may suffer while I am participating
in this activity, including all risks connected therewith, whether foreseen or unforeseen.
______ I further declare that I am thoroughly informed, and completely understand the inherent hazards of simulated Technical Scuba Diving activities, including the risk of serious injury or death. Further, I understand that diving
with compressed air or oxygen-enriched air (nitrox0 involves certain inherent risks that include but are not limited to:
decompression sickness, embolism, oxygen toxicity, inert gas narcosis, marine life injuries, fire and/or explosion hazards, and barotraumas or hyperbaric injuries that can occur and require treatment in a recompression chamber. I further
understand that Technical Scuba Diving activities may be conducted at a remote, either by time or distance or both,
from such a recompression chamber. I still choose to participate in such simulated Technical Diving activities, despite
the possible absence of a recompression chamber in proximity to the dive site.
______ I further declare that I understand simulated Technical Diving involves risk that exceeds those encountered in
recreational scuba diving. These risks may include but are not limited to: the burden of additional or redundant equipment, including additional tanks; the necessity for computing both nitrogen and oxygen loading to plan dives; and the
need for specialized training, equipment, and planning for different types of Technical Diving. I understand that simulated Technical Diving may involve a greater risk or serious injury or death than recreational scuba diving, and I voluntarily assume the risk of this activity.
______ I understand that I AM SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ENSURING MY OWN SAFETY DURING PARTICIPATION IN THIS
ACTIVITY and agree that: 1) the facility(ies), organization(s) or supervisory personnel offering this activity, ___________,
or their employees; 2) the organizers or promoters of this event; 3) Diving Science and Technology Corp. (DST); and
4) PADI Americas (PADI), its affiliate or subsidiary corporation, and of their respective employees officers, agents or
assigns and all related entities (1 through 4 hereinafter referred to as Released Parties), may not be held liable or
responsible in any way for any injury, death or other damages to me or my family, heirs, or assigns, that may occur as
a result of my participation in this activity, or as a result of the negligence of any party, including the Released Parties,
whether passive or active.
_____ I declare that I am in good mental and physical fitness for diving, and that I am not under the influence of
alcohol, nor am I under the influence of any drugs that are contraindicated to diving. If I am taking any medication,
I declare that I have seen a physician and have approval to dive under the conditions of this activity while under the
influence of the medication/drugs.
______ I understand that all types of scuba diving, including simulated Technical Diving, are physically strenuous activities and that I will be exerting myself during this activity; and if I am injured as a result of heart attack, panic, hyperventi-
PRODUCT NO. 10076 (Rev. 8/09) Version 1.01
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lation, etc. that I assume the risk of said injuries and that I will not hold the Released Parties responsible for the same.
______ I will inspect all of my equipment prior to every use during this activity, ensuring that I have all necessary equipment, and that it is functioning properly. I will not hold the Released Parties responsible for my failure to inspect my
equipment prior to diving.
______ I further state that I am of lawful age and legally competent to sign this Assumption of Risk and Liability Release
Agreement, or that I have acquired the written consent of my parent or guardian.
______ I understand that the terms herein are contractual and not a mere recital and that I have signed this Release of
my own free act and with the knowledge that I hereby agree to waive my legal rights. I further agree that if any provision of this Agreement is found to be unenforceable or invalid, that provision shall be severed from this Agreement.
The remainder of this Agreement will then be construed as though the unenforceable provision had never been contained herein.
______ I understand and agree that I am not only giving up my right to sue the Released Parties but also any rights my
heirs, assigns, or beneficiaries may have to sue the Released Parties resulting from my death. I further represent I have
the authority to do so and that my heirs, assigns, or beneficiaries will be estopped from claiming otherwise because of
my representations to the Released Parties.
I, _________________________________, BY THIS INSTRUMENT DO EXEMPT _______________________

Participant Name
Dive Operation/ Instructor
AND RELEASE THE FACILITY(IES), ORGANIZATION(S), OR SUPERVISORY PERSONNEL, DIVE

PROFESSIONALS CONDUCTING THIS ACTIVITY, AND THEIR EMPLOYEES, THE ORGANIZERS AND
PROMOTERS OF THIS EVENT, DIVING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, CORP, PADI AMERICAS, INC., AND ALL
RELEATED ENTITIES AND RELEASED PARTIES AS DEFINED ABOVE, FROM ALL LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY
WHATSOEVER FOR PERSONAL INJURY, PROPERTY DAMAGE OR WRONGFUL DEATH, HOWEVER CAUSED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE NEGLIGENCE OF THE RELEASED PARTIES, WHETHER PASSIVE
OR ACTIVE. I HAVE FULLY INFORMED MYSELF OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS LIABILITY RELEASE AND
ASSUMPTION OR RISK AGREEMENT BY READING IT BEFORE SIGNING IT ON BEHALF OF MYSELF AND MY
HEIRS.
______
(Date)
_________________________________________________________
(Signature of Participant)
______
(Date)
_________________________________________________________
(Signature of Parent or Guardian if applicable)
______
(Date)
_________________________________________________________
(Witness)
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Instructor Guide
Appendix
TEC DEEP INSTRUCTOR

APPLICATION
PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY
Check here if this is a change of address and you want our records changed accordingly.
Name ________________________________________________________________________________________ PADI No. _________________

First
Initial
Last
Mailing Address __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

City ________________________________________________________________ State/Province ______________________________________
Country ___________________________________________________________________________ Zip/Postal Code ______________________
Home Phone (_____)______________________________________ Business Phone (_____)__________________________________________
FAX (_____)_____________________________________________ Email _________________________________________________________
Date of Birth ______________________
D/M/Y
Sex:
Occupation ____________________________________________________
Requirements: To apply for the DSAT Tec Deep Instructor rating you must meet the following requirements. Refer to the
DSAT Tec Deep Diver Instructor Guide for specifics on qualifying certifications. Direct Questions to the PADI Training and Quality
Management Department.
PADI Master Scuba Diver Trainer (or higher) Rating
PADI Enriched Air Instructor
PADI Deep Diver Specialty Instructor
DSAT Tec 50 (Tec Deep Diver) (or qualifying certification*)
* If submitting qualifying certification from another training organization, please be sure to attach photocopies of the certification.
PAYMENT METHOD
CHECKLIST
See current price list for payment information.

MasterCard
VISA
American Express
Discover Card
JCB
Maestro/Solo (UK only)
Check/Bank Draft No.* ______________________________
Application completed in full

Requirements completed
Successfully completed Tec Deep
Standards and Theory/Practical Exams
Verification of logged dives
Verification of course assistance
Completion of Peer Review Waterskills
Applicant and verifying instructor
signatures
One photo attached
See price list for fee
*Check/Bank Draft must be payable in the currency of the PADI Office

the application is submitted to.
Card Number _________ __________ __________ __________
Card expiration date ____________________________________
Maestro/Solo valid from date ______ or Issue No. _____(UK only)
Cardholder Name ______________________________________
Please Print
Authorized Signature ___________________________________
PLEASE DO NOT WRITE IN THIS SPACE
Tape / Attach a
4.5 cm x 5.7 cm
134" x 214" (approx.)
Date ____________________________
Head and Shoulder Photo
Amount _________________________
PRINT NAME ON
BACK OF PHOTO
MAIL TO Your PADI Office

Attn. DSAT Instructor Trainer Certification
Coin Machine Photos OK
For mailing information, see current price list or visit padi.com.
No Dark Glasses
Recd _________________________ Entrd _________________________ Shpd ________________________
Product No. 10172 (Rev. 7/09) Version 1.05
padi.com
PADI 2009
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Instructor Guide
Appendix
Instructor Signatures: The verifying Instructors must be a DSAT Tec Deep Instructor or a PADI Instructor with a qualifying rating.
Logged Dive Verification: I have verified that the applicant has logged at least 270 dives with at least 25 staged decompression
dives with a maximum depth deeper than 40 metres/130 feet.
Verifying Instructor ____________________________________________________ PADI No. _______________ Date ___________________

Signature
D/M/Y
Course Assistance Verification: I have verified that the applicant has assisted with at least two DSAT Tec 50 (Tec Deep)
Diver courses (or qualifying course*) or one DSAT Tec 45 (Tec Diver Level One) Divercourse and one DSAT Tec 50 (Tec Deep) Diver course
(or qualifying course*).
Course 1 Verifying Instructor ____________________________________________ PADI No. _______________ Course Date _____________
Signature
D/M/Y
Course 2 Verifying Instructor ____________________________________________ PADI No. _______________ Course Date _____________
Signature
D/M/Y
Tec Deep Instructor Exams:
I have verified that the applicant has successfully completed the Tec Deep Instructor Standards
Exam and Tec Deep Instructor Theory and Practical Application Exam.
Signature ___________________________________________________________ PADI No. _______________ Date ___________________
Verifying DSAT Tec Deep IT/Examiner
D/M/Y
* When meeting this requirement by qualifying certification, enclose a copy of your technical instructor certification and proof of qualifying
course assistance; contact your local PADI Office for details and any additional required documents.
Peer Review Waterskills
D/M/Y
1. Deploys and decompresses with lift bag and reel; maintains stop depth with little
or no depth variation while neutrally buoyant.
________/________/________
2. Performs gas switch while remaining neutrally buoyant and maintains stop depth.
________/________/________
3. Performs neutrally buoyant gas shutdown drill without significantly varying stop depth.
________/________/________
4. Maintains buoyancy control while staging and retrieving/donning stage/deco bottles.
________/________/________
5. Performs gas sharing with long hose both as a donor and a receiver.
________/________/________
6. Performs gas shutdown drill on bottom within 45 seconds.
________/________/________
7. Dives in standardized technical rig as defined in DSAT Tec Deep Diver materials.
________/________/________
I have verified that the applicant has met the peer review waterskills requirements as outlined above.
Verifying Instructor ___________________________________________________ PADI No. _______________ Date ___________________
Signature
D/M/Y
DSAT Tec Deep Instructor Training Course Attendance
To be completed by the certifying DSAT Instructor Trainer only.
Course Location _______________________________________________________________________ Course Date __________________

D/M/Y
Tec Deep Instructor Trainer Name _________________________________________________________ PADI No. _____________________

Please Print Name
Tec Deep Instructor Trainer Signature ______________________________________________________ Date _________________________

Signature
D/M/Y
PADI Dive Center/Resort Name ___________________________________________________________ PADI No. _____________________
Instructor/Applicant Acknowledgement
I certify that the information contained here is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and understand that this certification is subject to
approval by PADI.
Applicant Signature______________________________________________________________________________ Date___________________
Signature
D/M/Y
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Instructor Guide
Appendix
MEDICAL STATEMENT
Participant Record (Confidential Information)
Please read carefully before signing.
This is a statement in which you are informed of some potential risks
involved in scuba diving and of the conduct required of you during the
scuba training program. Your signature on this statement is required for
you to participate in the scuba training program offered
by_____________________________________________________and
Instructor
_______________________________________________located in the
Facility
city of_______________________, state/province of _______________.

Read this statement prior to signing it. You must complete this
Medical Statement, which includes the medical questionnaire section, to
enroll in the scuba training program. If you are a minor, you must have
this Statement signed by a parent or guardian.
Diving is an exciting and demanding activity. When performed
correctly, applying correct techniques, it is relatively safe. When
established safety procedures are not followed, however, there are

increased risks.
To scuba dive safely, you should not be extremely overweight or
out of condition. Diving can be strenuous under certain conditions. Your
respiratory and circulatory systems must be in good health. All body air
spaces must be normal and healthy. A person with coronary disease, a
current cold or congestion, epilepsy, a severe medical problem or who is
under the influence of alcohol or drugs should not dive. If you have
asthma, heart disease, other chronic medical conditions or you are taking medications on a regular basis, you should consult your doctor and
the instructor before participating in this program, and on a regular basis
thereafter upon completion. You will also learn from the instructor the
important safety rules regarding breathing and equalization while scuba
diving. Improper use of scuba equipment can result in serious injury. You
must be thoroughly instructed in its use under direct supervision of a
qualified instructor to use it safely.
If you have any additional questions regarding this Medical
Statement or the Medical Questionnaire section, review them with your
instructor before signing.
Divers Medical Questionnaire

To the Participant:
The purpose of this Medical Questionnaire is to find out if you should be examined by your doctor before participating in recreational diver training. A positive
response to a question does not necessarily disqualify you from diving. A positive
response means that there is a preexisting condition that may affect your safety
while diving and you must seek the advice of your physician prior to engaging in
dive activities.
Please answer the following questions on your past or present medical history
with a YES or NO. If you are not sure, answer YES. If any of these items apply to
you, we must request that you consult with a physician prior to participating in
scuba diving. Your instructor will supply you with an RSTC Medical Statement and
Guidelines for Recreational Scuba Divers Physical Examination to take to your
physician.
_____ Could you be pregnant, or are you attempting to become pregnant?
_____ Dysentery or dehydration requiring medical intervention?
_____ Are you presently taking prescription medications? (with the exception of
birth control or anti-malarial)
_____ Any dive accidents or decompression sickness?
_____ Are you over 45 years of age and can answer YES to one or more of the
following?
currently smoke a pipe, cigars or cigarettes
have a high cholesterol level
have a family history of heart attack or stroke
are currently receiving medical care
high blood pressure
diabetes mellitus, even if controlled by diet alone
Have you ever had or do you currently have
_____ Asthma, or wheezing with breathing, or wheezing with exercise?
_____ Frequent or severe attacks of hayfever or allergy?
_____ Frequent colds, sinusitis or bronchitis?
_____ Any form of lung disease?
_____ Pneumothorax (collapsed lung)?
_____ Other chest disease or chest surgery?
_____ Behavioral health, mental or psychological problems (Panic attack, fear of
closed or open spaces)?
_____ Epilepsy, seizures, convulsions or take medications to prevent them?
_____ Recurring complicated migraine headaches or take medications to prevent them?
_____ Blackouts or fainting (full/partial loss of consciousness)?
_____ Frequent or severe suffering from motion sickness (seasick, carsick,
etc.)?
_____ Inability to perform moderate exercise (example: walk 1.6 km/one mile
within 12 mins.)?
_____ Head injury with loss of consciousness in the past five years?
_____ Recurrent back problems?
_____ Back or spinal surgery?
_____ Diabetes?
_____ Back, arm or leg problems following surgery, injury or fracture?
_____ High blood pressure or take medicine to control blood pressure?
_____ Heart disease?
_____ Heart attack?
_____ Angina, heart surgery or blood vessel surgery?
_____ Sinus surgery?
_____ Ear disease or surgery, hearing loss or problems with balance?
_____ Recurrent ear problems?
_____ Bleeding or other blood disorders?
_____ Hernia?
_____ Ulcers or ulcer surgery ?
_____ A colostomy or ileostomy?
_____ Recreational drug use or treatment for, or alcoholism in the past five
years?
The information I have provided about my medical history is accurate to the best of my knowledge. I agree to accept
responsibility for omissions regarding my failure to disclose any existing or past health condition.
_______________________________________ _________________
Signature
PRODUCT NO. 10063 (Rev. 06/07) Ver. 2.01
padi.com
_______________________________________ _________________
Date
Signature of Parent or Guardian

Page 1 of 6
Date
PADI 1989, 1990, 1998, 2001, 2007

Recreational Scuba Training Council, Inc. 1989, 1990, 1998, 2001, 2007
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Instructor Guide
Appendix
STUDENT
Please print legibly.
Name__________________________________________________________________________
First
Initial
Last
Birth Date ________________ Age ________

Day/ Month/Year
Mailing Address __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

City________________________________________________________________ State/Province/Region ________________________________
Country ____________________________________________________________
Home Phone (
)________________________________________
Email _____________________________________________________
Zip/Postal Code _____________________________________
Business Phone (
)______________________________________
FAX_______________________________________________________
Name and address of your family physician

Physician __________________________________________________
Clinic/Hospital ______________________________________________
Address________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Date of last physical examination ________________
Name of examiner____________________________________________
Clinic/Hospital_______________________________________________
Address ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Phone (
)___________________________________
Were you ever required to have a physical for diving?
Yes
Email ________________________________________________________________
No
If so, when?________________________________________________
PHYSICIAN
This person applying for training or is presently certified to engage in scuba (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) diving. Your opinion of
the applicants medical fitness for scuba diving is requested. There are guidelines attached for your information and reference.
Physicians Impression
I find no medical conditions that I consider incompatible with diving.
I am unable to recommend this individual for diving.
Remarks ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________ Date ___________________________
Physicians Signature or Legal Representative of Medical Practitioner
Day/Month/Year
Physician_____________________________________________
Clinic/Hospital_________________________________________
Address____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Phone (
)___________________________________
Email ________________________________________________________________
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Appendix
Guidelines for Recreational Scuba Divers Physical Examination

Instructions to the Physician:
Recreational SCUBA (Self-Contained Underwater Breathing
Apparatus) can provide recreational divers with an enjoyable
sport safer than many other activities. The risk of diving is
increased by certain physical conditions, which the relationship to
diving may not be readily obvious. Thus, it is important to screen
divers for such conditions.
The RECREATIONAL SCUBA DIVERS PHYSICAL EXAMINATION focuses on conditions that may put a diver at increased risk
for decompression sickness, pulmonary overinflation syndrome
with subsequent arterial gas embolization and other conditions
such as loss of consciousness, which could lead to drowning.
Additionally, the diver must be able to withstand some degree of
cold stress, the physiological effects of immersion and the optical
effects of water and have sufficient physical and mental reserves
to deal with possible emergencies.
The history, review of systems and physical examination should
include as a minimum the points listed below. The list of conditions that might adversely affect the diver is not all-inclusive, but
contains the most commonly encountered medical problems. The
brief introductions should serve as an alert to the nature of the
risk posed by each medical problem.
The potential diver and his or her physician must weigh the
pleasures to be had by diving against an increased risk of death
or injury due to the individuals medical condition. As with any
recreational activity, there are no data for diving enabling the calculation of an accurate mathematical probability of injury. Experience and physiological principles only permit a qualitative
assessment of relative risk.
For the purposes of this document, Severe Risk implies that an
individual is believed to be at substantially elevated risk of decompression sickness, pulmonary or otic barotrauma or altered consciousness with subsequent drowning, compared with the general population. The consultants involved in drafting this document
would generally discourage a student with such medical problems from diving. Relative Risk refers to a moderate increase in
risk, which in some instances may be acceptable. To make a
decision as to whether diving is contraindicated for this category
of medical problems, physicians must base their judgement on
an assessment of the individual patient. Some medical problems
which may preclude diving are temporary in nature or responsive to treatment, allowing the student to dive safely after they
have resolved.
Diagnostic studies and specialty consultations should be obtained
as indicated to determine the divers status. A list of references is
included to aid in clarifying issues that arise. Physicians and
other medical professionals of the Divers Alert Network (DAN)
associated with Duke University Health System are available for
consultation by phone +1 919 684 2948 during normal business
hours. For emergency calls, 24 hours 7 days a week, call +1 919
684 8111 or +1 919 684 4DAN (collect). Related organizations
exist in other parts of the world DAN Europe in Italy +39 039
605 7858, DAN S.E.A.P. in Australia +61 3 9886 9166 and Divers
Emergency Service (DES) in Australia +61 8 8212 9242, DAN
Japan +81 33590 6501 and DAN Southern Africa +27 11 242
0380. There are also a number of informative websites offering
similar advice.
NEUROLOGICAL
Neurological abnormalities affecting a divers ability to perform
exercise should be assessed according to the degree of compromise. Some diving physicians feel that conditions in which there
can be a waxing and waning of neurological symptoms and
signs, such as migraine or demyelinating disease, contraindicate
diving because an exacerbation or attack of the preexisting disease (e.g.: a migraine with aura) may be difficult to distinguish
from neurological decompression sickness. A history of head

injury resulting in unconsciousness should be evaluated for risk
of seizure.
Relative Risk Conditions

Complicated Migraine Headaches whose symptoms or
severity impair motor or cognitive function, neurologic
manifestations
History of Head Injury with sequelae other than seizure
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
Intracranial Tumor or Aneurysm
Peripheral Neuropathy
Multiple Sclerosis
Trigeminal Neuralgia
History of spinal cord or brain injury
Temporary Risk Condition

History of cerebral gas embolism without residual where pulmonary air trapping has been excluded and for which there
is a satisfactory explanation and some reason to believe that
the probability of recurrence is low.
Severe Risk Conditions

Any abnormalities where there is a significant probability of
unconsciousness, hence putting the diver at increased risk of
drowning. Divers with spinal cord or brain abnormalities where
perfusion is impaired may be at increased risk of decompression
sickness.
Some conditions are as follows:

History of seizures other than childhood febrile seizures
History of Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) or Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
History of Serious (Central Nervous System, Cerebral or
Inner Ear) Decompression Sickness with residual deficits
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS
The diagnoses listed below potentially render the diver unable to

meet the exertional performance requirements likely to be
encountered in recreational diving. These conditions may lead
the diver to experience cardiac ischemia and its consequences.
Formalized stress testing is encouraged if there is any doubt
regarding physical performance capability. The suggested minimum criteria for stress testing in such cases is at least 13
METS.* Failure to meet the exercise criteria would be of significant concern. Conditioning and retesting may make later qualification possible. Immersion in water causes a redistribution of
blood from the periphery into the central compartment, an effect
that is greatest in cold water. The marked increase in cardiac
preload during immersion can precipitate pulmonary edema in
patients with impaired left ventricular function or significant valvular disease. The effects of immersion can mostly be gauged by
an assessment of the divers performance while swimming on the
surface. A large proportion of scuba diving deaths in North America are due to coronary artery disease. Before being approved to
scuba dive, individuals older than 40 years are recommended to
undergo risk assessment for coronary artery disease. Formal
exercise testing may be needed to assess the risk.
* METS is a term used to describe the metabolic cost. The MET at rest
is one, two METS is two times the resting level, three METS is three
times the resting level, and so on. The resting energy cost (net oxygen
requirement) is thus standardized. (Exercise Physiology; Clark, Prentice
Hall, 1975.)
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Appendix
Obesity
History of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)

Percutaneous Balloon Angioplasty (PCTA) or Coronary
Artery Disease (CAD)
History of Myocardial Infarction
Congestive Heart Failure
Hypertension
History of dysrythmias requiring medication for suppression
Valvular Regurgitation
History of Immersion Pulmonary Edema Restrictive Disease*

Interstitial lung disease: May increase the risk of pneumothorax
* Spirometry should be normal before and after exercise
Active Reactive Airway Disease, Active Asthma, Exercise

Induced Bronchospasm, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease or history of same with abnormal PFTs or a positive
exercise challenge are concerns for diving.
Pacemakers
The pathologic process that necessitated should be

addressed regarding the divers fitness to dive. In those
instances where the problem necessitating pacing does not
preclude diving, will the diver be able to meet the performance criteria?
* NOTE: Pacemakers must be certified by the manufacturer as able
to withstand the pressure changes involved in recreational diving.
Severe Risks

History of spontaneous pneumothorax. Individuals who
have experienced spontaneous pneumothorax should avoid
diving, even after a surgical procedure designed to prevent
recurrence (such as pleurodesis). Surgical procedures either
do not correct the underlying lung abnormality (e.g.: pleurodesis, apical pleurectomy) or may not totally correct it (e.g.: resection of blebs or bullae).
Impaired exercise performance due to respiratory disease.
Venous emboli, commonly produced during decompression,

may cross major intracardiac right-to-left shunts and enter
the cerebral or spinal cord circulations causing neurological
decompression illness. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and
valvular stenosis may lead to the sudden onset of unconsciousness during exercise.
PULMONARY
Any process or lesion that impedes airflow from the lungs places
the diver at risk for pulmonary overinflation with alveolar rupture
and the possibility of cerebral air embolization. Many interstitial
diseases predispose to spontaneous pneumothorax: Asthma
(reactive airway disease), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), cystic or cavitating lung diseases may all cause air
trapping. The 1996 Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society
(UHMS) consensus on diving and asthma indicates that for the
risk of pulmonary barotrauma and decompression illness to be
acceptably low, the asthmatic diver should be asymptomatic and
have normal spirometry before and after an exercise test.
Inhalation challenge tests (e.g.: using histamine, hypertonic
saline or methacholine) are not sufficiently standardized to be
interpreted in the context of scuba diving.
A pneumothorax that occurs or reoccurs while diving may be catastrophic. As the diver ascends, air trapped in the cavity
expands and could produce a tension pneumothorax.
In addition to the risk of pulmonary barotrauma, respiratory disease due to either structural disorders of the lung or chest wall or
neuromuscular disease may impair exercise performance. Structural disorders of the chest or abdominal wall (e.g.: prune belly),
or neuromuscular disorders, may impair cough, which could be
life threatening if water is aspirated. Respiratory limitation due to
disease is compounded by the combined effects of immersion
(causing a restrictive deficit) and the increase in gas density,
which increases in proportion to the ambient pressure (causing
increased airway resistance). Formal exercise testing may be
helpful.

History of Asthma or Reactive Airway Disease (RAD)*
History of Exercise Induced Bronchospasm (EIB)*
History of solid, cystic or cavitating lesion*
Pneumothorax secondary to:
-Thoracic Surgery
-Trauma or Pleural Penetration*
-Previous Overinflation Injury*
GASTROINTESTINAL
Temporary Risks
As with other organ systems and disease states, a process which

chronically debilitates the diver may impair exercise performance.
Additionally, dive activities may take place in areas remote from
medical care. The possibility of acute recurrences of disability or
lethal symptoms must be considered.
Temporary Risk Conditions

Peptic Ulcer Disease associated with pyloric obstruction or
severe reflux
Unrepaired hernias of the abdominal wall large enough to
contain bowel within the hernia sac could incarcerate.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Functional Bowel Disorders
Severe Risks
Altered anatomical relationships secondary to surgery or malformations that lead to gas trapping may cause serious problems.
Gas trapped in a hollow viscous expands as the divers surfaces
and can lead to rupture or, in the case of the upper GI tract, emesis. Emesis underwater may lead to drowning.

Gastric outlet obstruction of a degree sufficient to produce
recurrent vomiting
Chronic or recurrent small bowel obstruction
Severe gastroesophageal reflux
Achalasia
Paraesophageal Hernia
ORTHOPAEDIC
Relative impairment of mobility, particularly in a boat or ashore

with equipment weighing up to 18 kgs/40 pounds must be
assessed. Orthopaedic conditions of a degree sufficient to impair
exercise performance may increase the risk.

Amputation
Scoliosis must also assess impact on respiratory function
and exercise performance.
Aseptic Necrosis possible risk of progression due to
effects of decompression (evaluate the underlying medical
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Instructor Guide
cause of decompression may accelerate/escalate the progression).
Temporary Risk Conditions

Back pain
HEMATOLOGICAL
Abnormalities resulting in altered rheological properties may theoretically increase the risk of decompression sickness. Bleeding
disorders could worsen the effects of otic or sinus barotrauma,
and exacerbate the injury associated with inner ear or spinal cord
decompression sickness. Spontaneous bleeding into the joints
(e.g.: in hemophilia) may be difficult to distinguish from decompression illness.
personal fears
Claustrophobia and agoraphobia
Active psychosis
History of untreated panic disorder
Drug or alcohol abuse
OTOLARYNGOLOGICAL
Equalisation of pressure must take place during ascent and

descent between ambient water pressure and the external auditory canal, middle ear and paranasal sinuses. Failure of this to
occur results at least in pain and in the worst case rupture of the
occluded space with disabling and possible lethal consequences.
The inner ear is fluid filled and therefore noncompressible. The
flexible interfaces between the middle and inner ear, the round
and oval windows are, however, subject to pressure changes.
Previously ruptured but healed round or oval window membranes
are at increased risk of rupture due to failure to equalise pressure
or due to marked overpressurisation during vigorous or explosive
Valsalva manoeuvres.
Appendix
Sickle Cell Disease

Polycythemia Vera
Leukemia
Hemophilia/Impaired Coagulation
METABOLIC AND ENDOCRINOLOGICAL
With the exception of diabetes mellitus, states of altered hormonal or metabolic function should be assessed according to their
impact on the individuals ability to tolerate the moderate exercise
requirement and environmental stress of sport diving. Obesity
may predispose the individual to decompression sickness, can
impair exercise tolerance and is a risk factor for coronary artery
disease.
The larynx and pharynx must be free of an obstruction to airflow.

The laryngeal and epiglotic structure must function normally to
prevent aspiration.
Mandibular and maxillary function must be capable of allowing
the patient to hold a scuba mouthpiece. Individuals who have
had mid-face fractures may be prone to barotrauma and rupture
of the air filled cavities involved.
Hormonal Excess or Deficiency

Obesity
Renal Insufficiency

The potentially rapid change in level of consciousness associated with hypoglycemia in diabetics on insulin therapy or
certain oral hypoglycemic medications can result in drowning. Diving is therefore generally contraindicated, unless
associated with a specialized program that addresses these
issues. [See Guidelines for Recreational Diving with Diabetes
at www/wrstc.com and www.diversalertnetwork.org.]
Pregnancy: The effect of venous emboli formed during
decompression on the fetus has not been thoroughly investigated. Diving is therefore not recommended during any
stage of pregnancy or for women actively seeking to
become pregnant.
BEHAVIORAL HEALTH
Behavioral: The divers mental capacity and emotional make-up

are important to safe diving. The student diver must have sufficient learning abilities to grasp information presented to him by
his instructors, be able to safely plan and execute his own dives
and react to changes around him in the underwater environment.
The students motivation to learn and his ability to deal with
potentially dangerous situations are also crucial to safe scuba
diving.
Developmental delay
History of drug or alcohol abuse
History of previous psychotic episodes
Use of psychotropic medications

Inappropriate motivation to dive solely to please spouse,
partner or family member, to prove oneself in the face of
Recurrent otitis externa

Significant obstruction of external auditory canal
History of significant cold injury to pinna
Eustachian tube dysfunction
Recurrent otitis media or sinusitis
History of TM perforation
History of tympanoplasty
History of mastoidectomy
Significant conductive or sensorineural hearing impairment
Facial nerve paralysis not associated with barotrauma
Full prosthedontic devices
History of mid-face fracture
Unhealed oral surgery sites
History of head and/or neck therapeutic radiation
History of temperomandibular joint dysfunction
History of round window rupture
Monomeric TM
Open TM perforation
Tube myringotomy
History of stapedectomy
History of ossicular chain surgery
History of inner ear surgery
Facial nerve paralysis secondary to barotrauma
Inner ear disease other than presbycusis
Uncorrected upper airway obstruction
Laryngectomy or status post partial laryngectomy
Tracheostomy
Uncorrected laryngocele
History of vestibular decompression sickness
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Instructor Guide
Appendix
BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCE
1.
Bennett, P. & Elliott, D (eds.)(1993). The Physiology and Medicine

of Diving. 4th Ed., W.B. Saunders Company Ltd., London, England.
2.
Bove, A., & Davis, J. (1990). Diving Medicine. 2nd Edition, W.B.
Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA.
3.
Davis, J., & Bove, A. (1986). Medical Examination of Sport Scuba

Divers, Medical Seminars, Inc., San Antonio, TX
4.
Dembert, M. & Keith, J. (1986). Evaluating the Potential Pediatric

Scuba Diver. AJDC, Vol. 140, November.
5.
Edmonds, C., Lowry, C., & Pennefether, J. (1992) .3rd ed., Diving
and Subaquatic Medicine. Butterworth & Heineman Ltd., Oxford,
England.
8.
Neuman, T. & Bove, A. (1994). Asthma and Diving. Ann. Allergy,

Vol. 73, October, OConner & Kelsen.
9.
Shilling, C. & Carlston, D. & Mathias, R. (eds) (1984). The

Physicians Guide to Diving Medicine. Plennum Press, New York,
NY.
10. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (UHMS)

www.UHMS.org
11. Divers Alert Network (DAN) United States, 6 West Colony Place,
Durham, NC www.DiversAlertNetwork.org
12. Divers Alert Network Europe, P.O. Box 64026 Roseto, Italy, telephone non-emergency line: weekdays office hours +39-085-8930333, emergency line 24 hours: +39-039-605-7858
6.
Elliott, D. (Ed) (1994). Medical Assessment of Fitness to Dive.

Proceedings of an International Conference at the Edinburgh Conference Centre, Biomedical Seminars, Surry, England.
7.
Fitness to Dive, Proceedings of the 34th Underwater & Hyperbaric

Medical Society Workshop (1987) UHMS Publication Number
70(WS-FD) Bethesda, MD.
13. Divers Alert Network S.E.A.P., P. O. Box 384, Ashburton, Australia, telephone 61-3-9886-9166
14. Divers Emergency Service, Australia, www.rah.sa.gov.au/hyperbaric, telephone 61-8-8212-9242
15. South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society (SPUMS), P.O. Box
190, Red Hill South, Victoria, Australia, www.spums.org.au
16. European Underwater and Baromedical Society, www.eubs.org
ENDORSERS
Paul A. Thombs, M.D., Medical Director
Hyperbaric Medical Center
St. Lukes Hospital, Denver, CO, USA
Peter Bennett, Ph.D., D.Sc.
Professor, Anesthesiology
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, NC, USA
pbennett@dan.duke.edu
Richard E. Moon, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.C.C.P.
Departments of Anesthesiology and Pulmonary
Medicine
Durham, NC, USA
Roy A. Myers, M.D.
MIEMS
Baltimore, MD, USA
William Clem, M.D., Hyperbaric Consultant
Division Presbyterian/St. Lukes Medical Center
Denver, CO, USA
John M. Alexander, M.D.
Northridge Hospital
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Des Gorman, B.Sc., M.B.Ch.B., F.A.C.O.M.,
F.A.F.O.M., Ph.D.
Professor of Medicine
University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
d.gorman@auckland.ac.nz
Alf O. Brubakk, M.D., Ph.D.
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Trondheim, Norway
alfb@medisin.ntnu.no
Alessandro Marroni, M.D.
Director, DAN Europe
Roseto, Italy
Hugh Greer, M.D.
Santa Barbara, CA, USA
hdgblgfpl@aol.com
Christopher J. Acott, M.B.B.S., Dip. D.H.M.,

F.A.N.Z.C.A.
Physician in Charge, Diving Medicine
Royal Adelaide Hospital
Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
Chris Edge, M.A., Ph.D., M.B.B.S., A.F.O.M.
Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics
Radcliffe Infirmary
Oxford, United Kingdom
cjedge@diver.demon.co.uk
Richard Vann, Ph.D.
Durham, NC, USA
Keith Van Meter, M.D., F.A.C.E.P.
Assistant Clinical Professor of Surgery
Tulane University School of Medicine
New Orleans, LA, USA
Robert W. Goldmann, M.D.
St. Lukes Hospital
Milwaukee, WI, USA
Paul G. Linaweaver, M.D., F.A.C.P.
Santa Barbara Medical Clinic
Undersea Medical Specialist
Santa Barbara, CA, USA
James Vorosmarti, M.D.
6 Orchard Way South
Rockville, MD, USA
Tom S. Neuman, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.A.C.P.M.
Associate Director, Emergency Medical Services
Professor of Medicine and Surgery
University of California at San Diego
San Diego, CA, USA
Simon Mitchell, MB.ChB., DipDHM, Ph.D.

Wesley Centre for Hyperbaric Medicine
Medical Director
Sandford Jackson Bldg., 30 Chasely Street
Auchenflower, QLD 4066 Australia
smitchell@wesley.com.au
Jan Risberg, M.D., Ph.D.
NUI, Norway
Karen B.Van Hoesen, M.D.
Associate Clinical Professor
UCSD Diving Medicine Center
University of California at San Diego
San Diego, CA, USA
Edmond Kay, M.D., F.A.A.F.P.
Dive Physician & Asst. Clinical Prof. of Family Medicine
University of Washington
Seattle, WA, USA
ekay@u.washington.edu
Christopher W. Dueker, TWS, M.D.
Atherton, CA, USA
chrisduek@aol.com
Charles E. Lehner, Ph.D.
Department of Surgical Sciences
University of Wisconsin
Madison, WI, USA
celehner@facstaff.wisc.edu
Undersea & Hyperbaric Medical Society
10531 Metropolitan Avenue
Kensington, MD 20895, USA
Divers Alert Network (DAN)
6 West Colony Place
Durham, NC 27705
Yoshihiro Mano, M.D.

Professor
Tokyo Medical and Dental University
Tokyo, Japan
y.mano.ns@tmd.ac.jp
Page 6 of 6
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Instructor Guide
Appendix
Tec Diver Statement of Understanding and Learning Agreement

This statement informs you of hazards, risks and your responsibilities for participating in the DSAT Tec Diver
course. Your signature acknowledges that you accept these risks and responsibilities.
I, ___________________________________________________, understand that as a DSAT Tec 40,45 or 50
diver I should:
1. Maintain good mental and physical health for diving.
Refrain from being under the influence of alcohol or
drugs when tec diving. Stay proficient in diving
skills, in particular, the skills required for certification as a DSAT Tec 40, 45 or 50 diver.
2. Engage only in diving activities consistent with my
training and experience.
3. Use complete, well-maintained, reliable equipment
for which I have appropriate training.
4. Adhere to the team diving concept, but always be
prepared to complete any dive without the assistance of a team mate. Although self sufficient, the
responsible tec diver dives as part of a team and
adheres to team diving principles.
5. Maintain the proper attitude during training in which
I agree to:
Follow the instructors directions and dive plans
strictly, and not to separate from the instructor or
my dive team.
Refrain from tec diving outside this course until I am
fully qualified and certified.
Accept the risk for this type of diving, and for specific risks unique to each dive environment, and to
immediately notify the instructor if this risk
becomes intolerable for me.
Recognize the desirability of carrying diver accident
insurance that covers tec diving (if available in my
local area), and recognize that my instructor may
require me to have it.
6. Demonstrate self sufficiency plan each dive as
though it will be necessary to make the dive and
handle all emergencies alone.
7. Demonstrate discipline and an attitude consistent
with responsible technical diving I will not cut corners, bend the rules, disregard dive plans, omit safety equipment or exceed the limits of my training.
8. Obtain an orientation when diving in new environments.
9. Know, obey and respect local diving laws and regulations including private land owner relations.
10. Accept the responsibility for my personal safety,

while accepting and acknowledging the risks, and
demands tec diving imposes.
11. Stay informed on and dive according to the state
of the art in diving, tec diving, dive rescue, dive
equipment and other influences on my safety as a
tec diver.
12. Accept that technical scuba diving has many general risks and hazards that either dont exist in
recreational diving, or arent as severe, including:
No direct access to the surface in an emergency
due to decompression requirements.
Hypoxia/hyperoxia resulting from using to the
wrong gas, which can lead to drowning.
Narcosis, which can lead to poor judgment/bad
decisions that can cause an accident.
DCS due to improper gas analysis, missed deco
stops, loss of deco gas and individual susceptibility. DCS can cause permanent injury or death.
Omitted procedures due to task loading, which
can lead to accidents, DCS, air embolism, oxygen
toxicity, or drowning.
Drowning or air embolism due to BCD failure.
Extensive equipment requirements with redundant
configurations, which can lead to ergonomic complexity, increased risk of error and a physical burden.
13. I accept that a significant difference exists between
recreational scuba diving and technical scuba diving, and that in technical scuba diving, even if you
do everything right, there is still a higher inherent
potential for an accident leading to permanent
injury or death.
14. I accept that physical fitness affects my performance and ability as a tec diver. Lack of the physical
fitness required can affect my safety by limiting my
ability to respond to an emergency, or by directly
leading to injuries. It is my responsibility to stay fit
to dive, and to dive with the limits of my fitness.
I have read the above statements and have had any questions answered to my satisfaction. I understand the importance and purpose of these practices and recognize they are for my own safety and well being.
I understand that failing to ahere to the above statements will put me at risk, and may be grounds for my dismissal
from the Tec Diver course. I acknowledge that the instructor is not permitted to and will not certify me if I dont
meet all course performance requirements or if I demonstrate an attitude or behavior incompatible with responsible technical diving practices.
__________________________________________________
Participant Signature
___________________________
Day/Month/Year
padi.com
Product No. 10267 Version 1.01 (08/09)
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PADI 2009
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Instructor Guide
Appendix
DSAT Tec 40 Answer Key
Final Exam A
Note to Instructor: The student must score 80 percent or better to

be successful, and you must review all questions answered incorrectly until the student demonstrates mastery.
When scoring short answer and fill in the blank, allow latitude for differing word choice and variation, provided that the student still
A
B
C
D

1.
2.
3. True False
4.

5. True False
6.

7.

8. True False
9. 1.4
10. 1.6
11.

12. True False
13.
14.
15.
16.
17. True False
18.

19. Gas management,
Decompression,
Mission, Oxygen,
Inert gas narcosis,
Thermal exposure,
Logistics,
20.
21.

22. buoyancy control,
depth
23.

24.
25.

26.
27. end,
reason
A
B
C
D
28. True False
29. True False
30.
31. Metric: 3300 litres
Imperial: 285 cubic feet
32.

33.
34. chest
35. Note the actual
depth, Observe the
depth on the cylinder, Turn open the
valve, Orient the
second stage,
eXamine team mate
36.

37.
38.

39.

40.
41.

42.

43. Metric: 15 litres per
minute
Imperial: 1.1 cubic feet
per minute
Imperial: 11.02
cubic feet
45. Metric: 2425.5 litres
Imperial: 88.94
cubic feet
46. Metric: 28%
Imperial: 28%
demonstrates mastery and a complete understanding of the concept.

For example, for a question like, Consider unneeded equipment
_______ in an emergency, the Answer Key may list disposable.
Discardable, trash, etc. would be correct answers as well.
C
D
litres
Imperial: 201.25
cubic feet
Imperial: 74.66
cubic feet
50. Metric: 1.28
Imperial: 1.29
47.
A-218
Metric: 5940
Product No. 71042 9/09 Version 1.0 PADI 2009
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Instructor Guide
Appendix
Final Exam B

A
B
C
D

1.
2.
3. True False
4.

5. True False
6.

7.

8. True False
9. 1.4
10. 1.6
11.

12. True False
13.
14.
15.
16.
17. True False
18.

19. Gas management,
Decompression,
Mission, Oxygen,
Inert gas narcosis,
Thermal exposure,
Logistics,
20.
21.
22. buoyancy control,
depth
23.

24.
25.
26.
27. end,
reason
padi.com
A
B
C
D
28. True False
29. True False
30. True False
32.

33.
34. chest
35. Note the actual
depth, Observe the
depth on the cylinder, Turn open the
valve, Orient the
second stage,
eXamine team mate
36.

37.
38.

39.

40.
41.

42.

43. Metric: 122.5 litres
per minute
Imperial: 3.381 cubic
feet per
minute
Imperial: 68.8
cubic feet
45. Metric: 34
Imperial: 34

46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
C
D
litres
Imperial: 74.66
cubic feet
Metric: 2400 litres
Imperial: 118.33
cubic feet
Metric: 1.22
Imperial: 1.23
Metric: 1.26
Imperial: 1.27
Metric: 20 litres per
minute
Imperial: .86 cubic feet
per minute
Metric: 2280
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Instructor Guide
Appendix
Final Exam A

A
B
C
D
1.
2.
3. True False
4.
5. death
6.
7.

8. True False
9.

10. Metric: 3000/ 36 =
83.33 bar
Turn Pressure =
150 83 = 67 bar
Imperial: Baseline =
208/2640 = .079
150 .079 = 1898.7
Turn Pressure =
2640 1899 = 740
11.

12.

13.
14.

15.
16. True False
17.

18.

19.

20.
21.
Metric: 28.91
Imperial: 28.88
22.
23.
24.
25.

True False


A
B
C
D
26.
27. 525
28.

29.

30.
31.

32.
33. True False
34.
35.

36.

37. True False
38.
39. Gas Management
Decompression
Mission Objective
Oxygen
Inert gas narcosis
Thermal exposure
Logistics
40. True False
41.
42.

43. 125 bar/1950psi
44. True False
45.
46.

47.

48.
49. True False
50.

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Instructor Guide
Appendix
Final Exam B

A
B
C
D
1.
2.
3. True False
4.
5. death
6.
7.

8. True False
9.

10. Metric: 3000/ 36 =
83.33 bar
Turn Pressure =
150 83 = 67 bar
Imperial: Baseline =
208/2640 = .079
150 .079 = 1898.7
Turn Pressure =
2640 1899 = 740
11.

12.

13.
14.

15.
16. True False
17.

18.

19.

20.
21.
Metric: 34.48
Imperial: 34.72
22.
23.
24.
25.

True False

padi.com

A
B
C
D
26.
27. 525
28.

29.

30.
31.

32.
33. True False
34.
35.

36.

37. True False
38.
39. Gas Management
Decompression
Mission Objective
Oxygen
Inert gas narcosis
Thermal exposure
Logistics
40. True False
41.
42.

43. 125 bar/1950psi
44. True False
45.
46.

47.

48.
49. True False
50.

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Instructor Guide
Appendix
Final Exam A

A
B
C
D
1. getting the victim to
the surface
2.
3.

4.

5. True False
6.
7. last
8.
9.

10. oxygen
11. Metric: 64 bar
Imperial: 929 psi
12.

13.

14. patience
15. time
16. True False
17. fail
18.

19.

20.


C
D
(483 x
1.5 = 724.5 litres of
oxygen needed;
11 X 66= 726 litres)
Imperial: Yes. (17.03 x
1.5 = 25.5 cubic feet
of oxygen needed;
1000/3000 x 80 =
26.66cf)
25. Metric: Yes. (712.5
litres of oxygen
needed)
Imperial: Yes. (25.18
cubic feet of oxygen
needed)
24.
Metric: Yes.
21. alone
22. True False
23.
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Instructor Guide
Appendix
Final Exam B

A
B
C
D
1. Getting the victim to
the surface
2.
3.

4.

5. True False
6.
7. last
8.
9.

10. oxygen
11. Metric: 75 bar.
(3312/26 = 127,
202 -127 = 25)
Imperial: 1030 psi.
(117.8/0.63 = 1870,
2900 1870 = 1030)
12.

13.

14. patience
15. reserve
16. True False
17. hurt
18.

19.

20.


B
C
D
24. Metric: Yes. (483 x
1.5 = 724.5 litres of
oxygen needed;
11 X 66= 726 litres)
Imperial: Yes. (18.03 x
1.5 = 27.05 cubic feet
of oxygen needed;
1500/3000 x 80 =
40 cf)
25. Metric: Yes. (772.8
litres of oxygen
needed)
Imperial: Yes. (27.04
cubic feet of oxygen
needed)
21. finish
22. True False
23.
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Instructor Guide
Appendix
DSAT Tec 40 Answer Sheet

A
1.
2.
3. True False
4.
5. True False
6.
7.
8. True False
9. _________________
10. _________________
11.

12. True False
13.
14.
15.
16.
17. True False
18.

19. _________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
20.

21.

22. _________________
______________________
23.
24.
25.
26.
27. _________________
______________________
Final Exam A
B
C
D
28. True False
29. True False
30.
31. _________________
______________________
32.

33.
34. _________________
35. _________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
_____________________
36.

37.
38.

39.
40.
41.
42.

43. _________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
44. _________________
______________________
______________________
45. _________________
______________________
______________________
46. _________________
______________________
A
B
C
D
47. _________________
______________________
48. _________________
______________________
49. _________________
______________________
50. _________________
______________________
A-224
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Instructor Guide
Appendix

A
1.
2.
3. True False
4.
5. True False
6.
7.
8. True False
9. _________________
10. _________________
11.

12. True False
13.
14.
15.
16.
17. True False
18.

19. _________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
20.

21.

22. _________________
______________________
23.
24.

25.
26.
27. _________________
______________________
padi.com
Final Exam B
B
C
D
28. True False
29. True False
30.
31. _________________
______________________
32.

33.
34. _________________
35. _________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
_____________________
36.

37.
38.

39.
40.
41.
42.

43. _________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
44. _________________
______________________
______________________
45. _________________
______________________
______________________
A
B
C
D
46. _________________
______________________
47. _________________
______________________
48. _________________
______________________
49. _________________
______________________
50. _________________
______________________
A-225
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Instructor Guide
Appendix

A
1.
2.
3. True False
4.
5. _________________
6.
7.
8. True False
9.

10. _________________
______________________
11.

12.

13.
14.
15.
16. True False
17.

18.

19.

20.

21. _________________
______________________
22.

23.
24. True False
25.

26.
27. _________________
28.

29.

30.
31.
32.
Final Exam A
B
C
D
33. True False
34.
35.

36.

37. True False
38.
39. _________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
_____________________
40. True False
41.
42.

43. _________________
44. True False
45.
46.
47.
48.
49. True False
50.
A-226
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Appendix
A-227
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Appendix
A-228
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10/26/09 12:52 PM

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Instructor Guide

Tec Diver Course Key Dive Standards

Tec 40 Training Dive Two

Environment: Open water

Tec 40 Training Dive Three

Environment: Open Water

Tec 40 Training Dive Four

Tec 45 Training Dive One

Tec 45 Training Dive Two

Tec 45 Training Dive Three

Environment: Open Water

Tec 45 Training Dive Four

Environment: Open Water

Tec 50 Training Dive One

Tec 50 Training Dive Two

Tec 50 Training Dive Three

Environment: Open Water

Tec 50 Training Dive Four

EQUIVALENT AIR DEPTH AND OXYGEN MANAGEMENT TABLE IMPERIAL

OXYGEN CONTENT 22%

OXYGEN CONTENT 23%

OXYGEN CONTENT 24%

OXYGEN CONTENT 25%

OXYGEN CONTENT 26%

OXYGEN CONTENT 28%

OXYGEN CONTENT 27%

OXYGEN CONTENT 29%

OXYGEN CONTENT 30%

OXYGEN CONTENT 32%

OXYGEN CONTENT 31%

OXYGEN CONTENT 34%

OXYGEN CONTENT 36%

OXYGEN CONTENT 35%

OXYGEN CONTENT 37%

OXYGEN CONTENT 38%

OXYGEN CONTENT 39%

OXYGEN CONTENT 40%

OXYGEN CONTENT 41%

OXYGEN CONTENT 42%

OXYGEN CONTENT 43%

OXYGEN CONTENT 44%

OXYGEN CONTENT 46%

OXYGEN CONTENT 45%

OXYGEN CONTENT 47%

OXYGEN CONTENT 48%

OXYGEN CONTENT 50%

OXYGEN CONTENT 49%

OXYGEN CONTENT 51%

OXYGEN CONTENT 52%

OXYGEN CONTENT 53%

OXYGEN CONTENT 54%

OXYGEN CONTENT 55%

OXYGEN CONTENT 56%

OXYGEN CONTENT 57%

OXYGEN CONTENT 58%

OXYGEN CONTENT 59%

OXYGEN CONTENT 60%

OXYGEN CONTENT 61%

OXYGEN CONTENT 62%

OXYGEN CONTENT 63%

OXYGEN CONTENT 64%

OXYGEN CONTENT 65%

OXYGEN CONTENT 66%