Made by: E. Castillo.

Made by: K. Tobar.

Reviewed by:

DRILLING
PROGRAM.
Castillo-Tobar
Well

Approved by: Gabriela

Morales.

Ver. 1.0

Pag. 1 to
30
Published: September 8,
2015

ESPOLTech Petroleum
Corporation.

Castillo-Tobar Vertical Well

Drilling Program.
Operating Company:
Well name:
Rig:
Oilfield:
Date:

Made by:
Erika Castillo.
Petroleum Engineering
Student.
Asset Team Manager.

ESPOLTech Petroleum Corporation.

Castillo-Tobar Vertical Well.
Rig-2015
Gustavo Galindo Oilfield.
September, 2015.

Made by:
Kevin Tobar.
Petroleum Engineering
Student.
Asset Team Manager

Approved by:
MSc. Gabriela
Morales.
Petroleum Engineering
Master.

Made by: E. Castillo.

Made by: K. Tobar.
Reviewed by:
Approved by: Gabriela
Morales.

DRILLING
PROGRAM.
Castillo-Tobar Well

Ver. 1.0
Pag.
Published: Ago 27,
2015

Distribution list.
Name

Company.

Erika Lisseth Castillo Castillo.

ESPOLTech Petroleum Company.

Kevin Benjamn Tobar Mercado.

ESPOLTech Petroleum Company.

Engineer A.

Mud Petroleum Company Services.

Engineer B.

Bit Petroleum Company Services.

Engineer C.

Logging Petroleum Company Services.

Engineer D.

Drilling Petroleum Company Services.

Auxiliary A1

Mud Petroleum Company Services.

Auxiliary C1

Logging Petroleum Company Services.

Auxiliary D1

Drilling Petroleum Company Services.

Auxiliary D2

Drilling Petroleum Company Services.

Auxiliary D3

Drilling Petroleum Company Services.

Mechanical Auxiliary.

ESPOLTech Petroleum Company.

Table 1- People who works in the drilling process. (Schlumberger) Modified by Erika Castillo,
Kevin Tobar

Directory list.
Name

Company

Telephone.

Erika Lisseth Castillo Castillo. (Asset

Team Manager)
erilicas@espol.edu.ec

ESPOLTech Petroleum
Company.

096 924 7756

ESPOLTech Petroleum
Company.
Mud Petroleum Company
Services.
Bit Petroleum Company
Services.
Logging Petroleum
Company Services.
Drilling Petroleum Company
Services.
Mud Petroleum Company
Services.
Logging Petroleum
Company Services.
Drilling Petroleum Company
Services.
Drilling Petroleum Company
Services.
Drilling Petroleum Company

099 650 9477

Kevin Benjamn Tobar Mercado. (Asset

Team Manager)
kbtobar@espol.edu.ec
Engineer A. ( Mud Engineer)
a@mudcompany.org.com
Engineer B. ( Bit Engineer)
b@bitcompany.org.com
Engineer C. (Logging Engineer)
c@loggingcompany.org.com
Engineer D. (Drilling Engineer)
d@drillcompany.org.com
Auxiliary A1. (Petroleum Technologist)
a1@ mudcompany.org.com
Auxiliary C1. (Petroleum Technologist)
c1@ loggingcompany.org.com
Auxiliary D1. (Petroleum Technologist)
d1@ drillingcompany.org.com
Auxiliary D2. (Petroleum Technologist)
D2@ drillingcompany.org.com
Auxiliary D3. (Petroleum Technologist)

099 000 5555

099 777 4444
099 111 2222
099 333 8888
099 789 6789
099 566 7676
099 123 4567
099 888 6767
099 787 6789

Made by: E. Castillo.

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D31@ drillingcompany.org.com
Mechanical Auxiliary. (Mechanic)
mechanic@espol.edu.ec

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Services.
ESPOLTech Petroleum
Company.

099 555 5555

Table 2- Information about people who works in the drilling program (Schlumberger).
Modified by Erika Castillo, Kevin Tobar

Organizational Chart.
Kevin
Benjamn
Tobar
Mercado.
Company
Man

Engineer A.
Professional who modify the
characteristics of drilling mud
and he or she is responsable
of every decisitions abouth the
drilling mud for each
formation.

Erika
Lisseth
Castillo
Castillo
Company
Womman.
Person
who works
to the
operating
company
and he or
she gives
the rulers
and orders
to
everybody
in the field
while the
drilling is
running.

Engineer B.
Bit Engineer.
Professional specialized in bits.
He cares and manage all
operations that envolved to
the bits to be used for each
section during drilling.

Auxiliary A1
Person who helps to Engineer A taking
samples in the mud tank, taking the
necesary data to control the
characterists of the well.

Engineer C.
Logging Engineer.
Professional who works with
others professionals to bring
some information abouth LWD,
MWD, plots, chats,
evaluations, and loggings like
caliper, SP, density, porosity,
gamma ray, so on.

Auxiliary C1
Person who helps with some
operations that the Engineer C require.

Engineer D.
Drilling Engineer.
Professional who aproved all
operations abouth the well, he
or she get every data of the
others engineers to take
desicions to drill the well.

Auxiliary D1
workman who operate the drilling
tools.
Auxiliary D2
Person who suport to others auxiliaries
with the drilling tools.
Auxiliary D3
Person who helps with the lubrication
of the drilling tool.

Table 3- Description about the functions for each person in the drilling process. (Erika
Castillo, 2015)

Content.
1.

CASTILLO-TOBAR WELLS DRILLING PROGRAM.........................5

2.

SECURITY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT & QUALITY..................5

3. GENERAL INFORMATION.......................................................................7
3.1

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................7

4. GEOLOGY................................................................................................. 7
4.1 TOPS OF THE FORMATION..................................................................8
5. DRILLING FLUIDS.................................................................................. 9
6. CASING DESIGNING............................................................................ 12
7. CEMENTING........................................................................................... 16
7.1 CEMENT TOPS.................................................................................. 16
7.2 CEMENTING DESIGNING................................................................17
7.2.1 Operational sequence Cementation/Revetment 13-3/8''. 17
7.2.2 Operational sequence Cementation/Revetment 9-5/8''....18
7.2.3 Production Liner Cementing 7"..............................................18
8. WELL CONTROL..................................................................................... 18
8.1 Primary Well Control......................................................................18
8.2 Secondary Well Control..................................................................19
8.3 Tertiary well control.......................................................................19
9. BHA DESIGNING................................................................................... 20
10. CONCLUSION...................................................................................... 22
11. SUGGESTION....................................................................................... 22
12. REFERENCES....................................................................................... 22

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1. CASTILLO-TOBAR WELLS DRILLING PROGRAM.

Castillo-Tobar Vertical Well.

Well

First Goal :
Location

Castillo-Tobar

Date

Sandstone T lower

Oilfield :

Castillo-Tobar V

Estimated days
:

25 days (Drilling)

Cellar
:
Rig

Rev. 20"

N/A

RTE

September ,
2015
Gustavo
Galindo
CT-15

Rig-2015

865.01

relative

@ MSL

Rev. 13 3/8" :

5320 MD / TVD @ 0

Liner 7

8760 MD / TVD @ 0

Target
:

RKB

26'

relative @ GL

Circumference with a ratio de

+/- 50 pies

Table 4-General Information about Castillo-Tobar Vertical Well. (Schlumberger) Modified by

Castillo, Tobar.

2. SECURITY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT & QUALITY.

Security, Health and Environment.

Staff security, protection and care of the environment and equipment

is important.
When starting operations continue in the Loss Prevention Team (LPT)
with the participation of at least one representative from each
company in the project, which will meet at least once every seven
days to analyse and / or discuss issues regarding QHSE (Quality,

Health, Safety and Environment).

Improvement kits QHSE will be on location for use weekly.
Action plans will be assigned to staff people and these plans will must

do it.
Drills will be conducted according to the standards of well control. The
attention paid to these drills and response time should be reported in
the Open Wells and drill the IADC format.

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Every critical operations that will be performed at the location, and

drill hole must be preceded by a meeting of security and operations

to identify the tasks and warnings during the execution of drilling.

The meeting areas for emergencies, should be clearly identified in the
location of Castillo-Tobar Well and the location of these areas must be

communicated to everybody who will work on location.

An instruction about Security, Health and Environment should be

given to everybody before starting work on location.

Carry out The Substitute Regulation to the

Environmental

Regulations for Hydrocarbon Operations in Ecuador".

Quality.

Inspect the rig before beginning drilling operations.

Before you begin drilling operations will be completed a checklist of
the oilfield, which must be signed by the Drilling Operations

Supervisor, Leader Directional Drilling and Drill Manager.

A checklist of equipment should be prepared before starting each

section of the well and should be communicated to staff offices.

Daily reports should be placing in the safety meetings held and the

topics will be discussed.

The Superintendent and Project Drilling Engineer must be called
immediately in case of injuries / accidents, well control, stuck pipe or

other significant problems related to drilling operations.

Every drilling parameters: Torque in / on the merits, weight lifting,
lowering and rotating, flow rate and pressure surface in / on the
bottom, will be monitored by the staff of the rig at each stop of pipe
and each section and they must be compared with the estimated
parameters. It is expected that the drill rig crew maintain surveillance
and / or monitoring of drilling parameters and react to the conditions

of the hole.
Monitoring / report daily operating hours of the hammers, MWD tools,

downhole motor, and the maximum speed of the roller-cone bits.

Inspect all components of the BHA before starting drilling operations.
The mud tanks must be in perfect working condition before you start
drilling. It is mandatory to fill in the sheet travel.

Made by: E. Castillo.

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3. GENERAL INFORMATION.
3.1 INTRODUCTION.
The Castillo-Tobar Well was consider like a vertical producer well in
the Gustavo Galindo Oilfield. We have designed this well with 3 revetment
and we have selected to Hollin Top Sandstone like our producer zone.
The surface revetment is of 13 3/8" will be located at the top of
Orteguaza to the depth of 5320 feet. Then, an intermediate revetment
production of 9 5/8" is located on top of Basal Tena with a depth of
8,760pies. Finally, the area of interest will be covered using a liner 7
"located at 10,090 feet (Final Depth).
The main operational goals are:

To minimize formation damage by drilling through the reservoir

using a fluid with a density as low as possible, using a weighting
material like CaCO3 to avoid damages in the reservoirs, while there
are good techniques of drilling to avoid the paste differential in the

permeable sands and with high porosity of the Napo formation.

To evaluate areas of interest whit WL/LWD tools.
Running and cementing production liner 7 according the laws
given by the Ministry of Hydrocarbons.

4. GEOLOGY.
The Gustavo Galindo Oilfield is located in Prosperina, 30.5 km
Perimetral Avenue, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador.

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Figure 1- Contour Map and Elevations of Gustavo Galindo Oilfield (Erika Castillo, 2015)

4.1 TOPS OF THE FORMATION.

Formation / Reservoir
Top Orteguaza
Top Tiyuyacu Conglomerate Superior
Base Tiyuyacu Conglomerate Superior
Top Tiyuyacu Conglomerate lower
Top Tena
Top Basal Tena
Top Napo
Main Limestone M-1
Top Limestone M-2
Base Limestone M-2
Top Limestone A

MD (ft)

TVD (ft)

5422.01
6443.01
6620.01
7382.01
7923.01
8810.01
8812.01
9080.01
9292.01
9329.01
9408.01

5422.01
6443.01
6620.01
7382.01
7923.01
8810.01
8812.01
9080.01
9292.01
9329.01
9408.01
8

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DRILLING
PROGRAM.
Castillo-Tobar Well

Base Limestone A
Top U Superior
Top U Inferior
Base U Inferior
Top Limestone B
Top T Superior
Top T Inferior
Top Limestone C
Top Hollin Superior
Top Hollin Inferior
TD

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9480.01
9515.01
9550.01
9603.01
9685.01
9699.01
9769.01
9929.01
9942.01
9966.01
10090.00

9480.01
9515.01
9550.01
9603.01
9685.01
9699.01
9769.01
9929.01
9942.01
9966.01
10090.00

Table 5- Description of the lithology (Schlumberger). Modified by Castillo, Tobar.

According with this reference (karolablue, 2013), a well is designed

from the bottom to the top because the data logging is generated in the
same form since the exploration analysis, thats why with the information
expected from the geologic column of the neighbouring wells by seismic or
running logging tools in order to predetermine the existence of abnormal
formation pressures and temperatures and that may damage my drilling
tools. Finally, designing my well from the bottom to the top, I assure while I
m drilling intermediate zones, the bottom hole will not be damaged due to
landslides.
5. DRILLING FLUIDS.
According to the reference (Loor, 2015) the drilling fluid or mud is a
citric component in the drilling process, whose main functions are to remove
cuttings downhole to surface and control the formation pressure. The mud
can be oil-based or water, and is a mixture of chemicals that give the fluid
properties to fulfil its function.
Drilling mud must have certain characteristics like non-toxicity, noncorrosive, non-flammable, it must be inert to all pollutants such as soluble
salts to be attached to the system during the drilling process.
The main estimated to describe the drilling mud properties are: mud
weight, plastic viscosity, yield point, gel strengths and mud filtering.

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The density of the drilling mud is one of the main parameters for drilling
and for calculating hydraulic; where the mud will gradually increase as
drilling deeper in order to control the formation pressure.
Remove cuttings downhole: Main function of the mud drilling that must
continually remove cuttings generated at the surface, which could reduce
the efficiency of the string. For this purpose the mud must be designed to:
Transporting the cuts to surface while circulating.
Suspend the courts while it is not circulating.
Eject suspension cuts on the surface.
The mud properties can be modified to suit different downhole conditions:
Downhole conditions/
Function of drilling mud.
Transporting cuts downhole
to surface.
Prevent the influx of
formation fluids into the well

Properties can be
modified.
Yield point, apparent
viscosity, velocity, gel
strengths.
Density of mud.

Maintain wellbore stability.

Density, clay chemistry.

Cool and lubricate the drill

bit.
Transmitting hydraulic
horsepower to the drill.

Density and velocity.

Velocity, density y viscosity.

Table 6-Properties of the mud. (Loor, 2015) Modified by Castillo, Tobar.

Perhaps, we can drill wells in reservoirs with high pressures and

temperatures (more than 300 oF). Drilling with a high pressure in the well
can fracture the reservoir and it will get losses of mud by filtration.
However, high conditions about temperature can affect to our drill mud,
changing some characteristics like the viscosity and pressure gradient.
Finally, we know that water absorb warm, so not is recommendable drilling
with water-base mud for reservoirs with high temperature. In addition, its

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recommendable to use oil-base mud for drilling this wells because the oil
can balance the characteristics that warm modify in the mud.
With this information, we can designed the drilling mud for each section in
the process:
SECTIO

REVETMENT

DEPH

LITHOLOGY

MUD TYPE

DENSITY

N HOLE
16 "

Surface 13-3 / 8"

[ft]
0 - 5.320

Indiferenciado

Native fluid

[ppg]
8.4

12 1/4

Intermediate

Native fluid

12.5

Native fluid

9.2

Chalcana

5/8
8 1/2

Liner 7

9-

5,720

Orteguaza

9,423

Tiyuyacu

8,760
10,090

Tena
Basal
Tena
Napo
Limesto
ne
Sand
USand T
- Holln

Table 7- Drilling mud per section. (Erika Castillo, 2015)

In the above table, it is described for each section of the drilling sludge
type to be used and the respective density, but this density is not always
constant for the entire height of the formation due to the different pressures
to find along the process. Therefore, we introduce the term ECD to extend
the knowledge of the management of drilling mud.
The ECD is the effective density with drilling mud circulating through the
system while drilling. This density is the one that generates the actual
pressure of the drilling fluid on the formation being traversed. And this
equation is given by the sum of the normal mud density, under static
conditions, the ratio of the pressure drop in the bit and product depth
0.052.
Factors affecting the ECD are the main properties of the sludge which
must interact as directly affect the ECD way:
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The plastic viscosity.

The yield point.
Gel strengths.
The less viscous is a drilling fluid will tend to reduce the ECD and gel

strengths from less because when the rotation is stopped during drilling
system becomes static, and you need to restart printing additional pressure
to circulating system and break the thixotropic of the mud.
They must balance, Petroleum Engineer cannot play much down mud
properties to improve ECD, taking into account the parameters using a
minimum to ensure hole cleaning and stability, then you have to design the
system so that there is a balance between a good ECD that will not damage
or fracture the formation and generate a good cleaning well ensuring
stability.

The consequences of ECD are high formation damage that

can be generated by passing through formations of interest or charging

zones. Another consequence is fractured formations through the same that
can cause you to lost circulation and the liquid part of the mud from
escaping from the fracture, bone sludge is dewatered, and properties vary
therefore problems would have the entire system up cuts to surface,
overheating and Additional bit wear Last thing you want is that the sludge
has a fault as it is the blood of the well, when something is wrong with the
well, mud analysis are made. The ECD generates an additional hydrostatic
pressure which can crash and fracture the formation spanning pressure.
When this occurs, should be incorporated into polymer particles system
developed to weigh the mud but without increasing plastic viscosity and gel
efforts, but this only provides a small window in values, care should be
interacting with falling pressure at the bottom of the assembly line.
6. CASING DESIGNING.
To talk about casing designing we need to show you the mechanical
scheme of the well, the considerations about depths and the revetment for
each section.

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REVETMENT 13-3/8

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Hole 16 @ 5200MD/5200TVD
Inclination: 0 Deg.

Rev 13-3/8 @ 5200MD

REVETMENT 9-5/8

LINER 7
Max. Inclination 0o @ 0MD

TOP Liner 7 @ 8640MD

Hole 12-1/4@ 8760 MD/87600 TVD

Inclination: 0 Deg.

Rev 9-5/8 @ 8760MD

Hole 8 1/2 @ 10090 MD/10090 TVD

Inclination: 0 Deg.

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Figure 2- Mechanical scheme Castillo-Tobar Vertical well (Schlumberger). Modified by Castillo,

Tobar.

To design a casing include some factors should be consider by the

drilling and cementing people, characteristics like: The pore and fracture
pressure.
The pore pressure is the pressure of the formation fluids from borehole
or fluid in the pores of a reservoir, and this pressure is important because it
is the required pressure in the well to balance the walls of the well, fluid
static drilling must have a pressure equal to the pore pressure at a given
depth.
The fracture pressure is the pressure required to induce fractures in a
rock at a given depth, is very important to know because with this gradient
will design our fluid simulate an ECD, that doesnt cause the downhole
pressure exceeds the pressure fracture and avoid having lost circulation.
In theory, this is the density in pounds per gallon in the subsoil as depth
increases. The figure 3, begins at 8.33 on the horizontal axis gradient starts
from there, because that is the normal water density 8.33 pounds per gallon
From 4000 feet in depth, is a variation of the density to a depth about 4500
feet to 4000 feet before the normal pressure there, bone straight line, then
this

curve

indicates

the

onset

of

geo-pressures,

after

4500

feet,

approximately to the depth of 4600 feet, seating the first casing, the
surface or 13 3/8 ". After that in the graph a normal pressure is observed
up before reaching the depth of 7000 feet, taking into account that in the
very depths between 6,000 feet and 7,000 feet there is a fractured zone
which means that you should have a sludge that controls loss of filtering
fracture proof material loss, or what is known in the world of drilling as LCM
(Lost circulation materials), that must be added to the sludge to prevent
dehydration, then another area until 8000 geo-pressures feet. Personally,
we would seat the casing about 100 feet after the geo-pressures, that is to
the depth of 8100 feet, until then the intermediate casing, thereafter hang
one liner 7 inches from 8100 feet to 10,000 feet deep because from there is

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already the charging zone, we mean the reservoir and should be stable to
run and complete records after cementing the well hole.

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Figure 3- graph (pore/fracture pressure) for the oil field, provided by (Morales, 2015)

7. CEMENTING.
The function of the cementing is to keep the casing attached to the shaft
wall on pressures prevent the formation into the well to avoid contamination
by freshwater aquifers.
The additives of the cementing help to control pH, for preventing the
reproduction of bacteria, to control the setting time, to increase or decrease
the viscosity.
Some casing strings are not cemented back to surface, the problem is
when the annular space is not fully cemented, the casing collapse or deform
and it can produce possible contamination of saturated water for human
consumption zones. In addition, the casing can be exposed to corrosion in
contact with corrosive fluids.
There are some cements type, like:

C. Type A and B: For cementing with little depth.

C. Type C: For cementing formations with high resistivity in a short

time.
C. Type D, E and F: Isnt common.
C. Type G: Its compatible with most additives, we can use this type
of

cement

for

cementing

formations

with

high

pressure

and

temperature. Its the most common in our country.

7.1 CEMENT TOPS.

Casin
g
13
3/8"
9
5/8"
7"

Slurry

Tail
Top

15.6 ppg
Type "A"

4820

13.5 ppg
Type "A"

Superficial

Planne
d
Excess
0%

15.8 ppg
Type "G"

8260

13.5 ppg
Type "G"

5200

10%

16.4
ppg
Type "G"

8940

13.8 ppg
Type "G"

8700

20%
over
caliper

Slurry

Lead
Top

Table 8- Cement types and densities used per section. (Schlumberger) Modified by Castillo,
Tobar.

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To view better the information filled in the table we have added a figure
to represent the wells scheme with the revetments and the cementation.

Figure 4- Representation of the Cement tops. (Schlumberger)

7.2 CEMENTING DESIGNING.

7.2.1 Operational sequence Cementation/Revetment 13-3/8''
A cementing program will be sent before the operation casing down,
with updated data and information hole laboratory tests, equipment and
tools to use which is approved for operations and engineering.
The cementing program has been designed using the following
characteristics: 500 feet provide insulation from the casing shoe 13-3 / 8 ''
using a grout line, cement type A 15.6 ppg, and 4820 feet above with grout
filler, type A 13.5 ppg.
Cementing the casing 13-3 / 8" and move the cement slurry using
drilling pumps. The Shoe track is composed by one seal coating 13-3 / 8 ''.
Therefore, if it should not seat the plug. It should move only half sub (50%)
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of the volume of track shoe. Testing casing using 500 psi above the seating
pressure of the cap. After the cement must settle the casing 13 3/8 "deep.

7.2.2 Operational sequence Cementation/Revetment 9-5/8''

The cementing program is designed using the following criteria:
Provide insulation 500' from the casing shoe 9 5/8 " using a cement slurry
with 15.8 ppg of density, type G and isolate the rest of the casing with grout
filler, 13.5 ppg, type G and it will cover approximately 3040 feet. 70 bbl of
slurry cement type G is pumped, 10 bbl of water and 20bbl of mud and 620
bbl of mud for displacement of the tools.
7.2.3 Production Liner Cementing 7"
The liner cementing production is one of the most critical operations
and well life depends on the isolation obtained with the cement during this
operation. All efforts should be made to ensure the best conditions for the
cementing operation. It will be pumped, 20 bbl of slurry Scavenger (12.5
ppg of density), 30.9 bbl of slurry filling (13.8 ppg) and 81 bbl of slurry tail
(16.8 ppg) covering up to 50 feet below the top of the hanger.
The calculus made per each section were based in the following

equations

Vol. anular=

( Hole siz e2 External Diamete r 2 ) Deph

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and

Vol . cement =Vol. anular +Vol . water +Vol . aditives

The information given in the previous paragraphs are numbers
estimated according to the investigation obtained of the thesis previous to
get the profession in Petroleum Engineering made by (Loor, 2015) and we
made an interview about What will we do when you had finished
cementation operation and the CBL log had shown that is not a good bond?
The interviewee told us one of the techniques applied for this case.
To remedy a defective primary cementing exists the secondary
cementing or remedial cementing. Its an additional process is made for
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pipeline leak, fixing a bad channelling of mud or cement sufficient

height in the annulus and help to remove the intrusion of water from above,
below or within in the oil producing zone.
8. WELL CONTROL.
8.1 Primary Well Control.
So the primary control is defined as the prevention of formation fluid
flow by maintaining a hydrostatic pressure equal to or greater than the
pressure of the formation fluids, but lower than the fracture pressure of the
formation. It is very important to make ensure that well control is preserved
at all times.
This includes:

Drilling fluids whit adequate density are used.

Active system volumes are continuously monitored.
Changes are detected immediately and correct actions are being
performed.

8.2 Secondary Well Control.

If the pressure of our drilling fluids fails to prevent formation fluid to
enter the wellbore, the well will flow. Though the use of a blowout
preventer, we can prevent the fluids from escaping the well.
8.3 Tertiary well control.
Induce an underground blowout to avoid the occurrence of an imminent
surface blowout. Afterward, apply special techniques and procedures to stop
the resulting subsurface cross flow and regain well control.
A kick is a problem that arises in the pressure control system is located
well inside the rock drilling pressure is greater than the hydrostatic acting
on the face of the well or rock. When this happens, the greater the
formation pressure has a tendency one force formation fluids into the well.
This forced fluid flow is called a kick. If the flow is controlled successfully, to
get you consider that he has been killed. An amazing wild pitch that rise in
intensity can cause what is known as a blowout.
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Kicks generally occur as a result of formation pressure being greater

than mud hydrostatic pressure, which the causes fluids to flow from the
formation into the well. In almost all drilling operations, the operator
attempts to maintain a hydrostatic pressure greater than formation
pressure and, thus, prevent kicks; however, on occasion the formation will
exceed the mud pressure and a kick will occur. Reasons for this imbalance
explain the causes of kicks:

Insufficient mud weight.

Improper hole fill-up during trips.
Swabbing.
Cut mud.
Lost circulation.

9. BHA DESIGNING.

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Figure 5- BHA Model (Schlumberger)

To make the calculation of WOB should do a little math operation to

estimate the weight that supported the bit. WOB = weight of each pipe x
pipe length + total weight of the BHA.
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WOB = (21.87 lb / ft) x (1000ft) + (65 klbs), then the value of WOP
approximately 218.7 klbs from top to bottom (10,000 ft MD), assuming a
weight of 65 klbs by Heavy weight drill pipes, weight on bit (WOB) applied
in the last section, is generally less than 10% of the weight of the drill
string, because the bit does not hold as much weight as if you apply too
much weight, the BHA will sag and will start taking inclination and what we
want is to maintain the verticality of the well then you have to analyze the
WOB to apply in this section will be between 10 and 20 KLBS weight that
will support the bit of the total weight of the drill string. The BHA to be used
should be a basic BHA because a vertical pit is greater complications, such
BHA should be:
1) Drill PDC 8 1/2 " (This bit should be 6 and 6 nozzles fins with a TFA
between 0.5 and 0.6 , and an area of considerable cuts eviction ).
2) A motor with plain and simple shirt.
3) A substitute float, which is what will make the engine and gear to act as
a check valve so that there is no flow in reverse.
4) A stabilizer 8 3/8 "to give stability to the BHA packaging.
5) Monel pony or what is the same a short non-magnetic drill collar, to
prevent magnetic interference.
6) The MWD tool that will register well data of orientation, azimuth,
direction, inclination, coordinates.
7) A short Monel or drill collar.
8) Heavy weight drill pipe.
9) A hydraulic hammer to the drawbacks are as mechanical or differential.
10) More heavy drill pipe (HWDP).
11) Drill pipe and dill pipe.
All this will give verticality to the well, the BHA is heavy and vertical.

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Morales.

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The production section , always drilling with drill PDC 6 fins is the best
to provide durability due to the abrasive lithology's, and has an area of good
eviction before the MWD tool, should go a " Monel pony" that is aa drill
strain nonmagnetic that do not interfere with the MWD, and after the MWD
must be another monel, across string, whatever, should go a " hydraulic jar"
I mean a hydraulic hammer when the string sticking , to stress and
hammering and recover the string, provided HWDP ( pipe heavy drilling ) is
used in the BHA, because it makes as pendulum effect, it gives weight to
maintain direction whole string must have a stabilizer or a set of them,
depending the purpose of the BHA .
10. CONCLUSION.
A drilling program is a document which register all information about
the well, is a document elaborated by the operating company annexing the
information given by the services companies. The services companies bring
information about bit selection, logging, mud logging, geology, drilling
fluids, cementing, casing designing, BHA designing, so on. The information
solved in this document is based in the descripted references and was
modified by us with the objective to bring a paper which to help to other
students in the petroleum career. Finally, learning to read a drilling program
means to learn everything about the well, the hole and the reservoir.
11. SUGGESTION.
Group work with accurate and verified information, know to analyze
data, use correctly the equations for making calculates, and manage the
content of the report and to respect the authors of their references.
12. REFERENCES.
Erika Castillo, K. T. (2015). Drilling Program Castillo-Tobar Vertical Well.
Guayaquil.

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karolablue. (2013, febrero 28). slideshare. Retrieved from Diseo de la

perforacin de pozos: http://es.slideshare.net/Karolablue/diseo-dela-perforacion-de-pozos
Loor, I. A. (2015, Agosto 28). Fluidos de Perforacin. (K. T. Erika Castillo,
Interviewer)
Morales, G. (2015). Graph (Pore7Fracture Pressure). Guayaquil.
Schlumberger. (n.d.). Drilling Program YAN-West.

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