SUBMITTED BY:

SABITHA C L.
ROLLNO:10
PMTC Mavelikkara

Submitted to:
Mrs.SHEEJA R
Asst professor
PMTC Mavelikkara

Planning is the first step of management

process concerned with the establishment of
objectives and analysis of present limitations
for attaining such goals

Increases the organizations ability to adopt future

eventualities
Helps crystallize objectives
Ensures a relatedness among decision
Helps the company remain more competitive in its industry
Reduces unnecessary pressures of immediacy
Reduces mistakes and oversights
Ensures a more productive use of resources
Makes control easier
Increases effectiveness of a manager
Helps the organization progress in a manner considered
most suitable

Effectiveness depends upon correctness of

assumptions

Planning is expensive

Planning delays actions

Encourages a false sense of security

According to time dimension:

Short term: Upto one year

Medium Term: >1 yr but <5yrs

Long term : >5yrs

Objectives/goals
Strategies & tactics
Standards
Budgets
Policies
Procedures
Programmes
Rules
Methods

End results to be achieved

They give direction to activities
Require creative thinking and foresight

Strategies are aimed at counteracting the

actions of the opponents

Tactics are immediate decisions based on the

executives judgement and experience whilst
facing an actual situation

Measure of level of achievement

Very helpful in evaluating deviations from

the plan

Used as both- planning and control device

May be expressed in units of product, finance

etc

General statements aimed at guiding

thinking whilst making decisions

Eg: promotions should be from within the

company or the existing staff

Involves a selection and establishment of a

logical series of tasks within the framework
of predetermined policies and objectives

Programme integrates policies, procedures

etc required for effecting a certain course of
action

Rules are related to procedures as they guide

action but there Is no time sequence
involved
Eg: Procedure for handling mail may require
a rule all letters received should be replied
to on the same day

Prescribes specifically and in detail how a

task is to be done
Constitutes the best method of performing a
task