Marco Materazzi

Universit di Camerino
Scuola di Scienze Ambientali
Tel: 0737-402603
E-mail: marco.materazzi@unicam.it

Materazzi M. - Corso Idrogeologia: Lezione 2 Interazione acque superficiali-falde

Materazzi M. - Corso Idrogeologia: Lezione 2 Interazione acque superficiali-falde

Materazzi M. - Corso Idrogeologia: Lezione 2 Interazione acque superficiali-falde

Gaining streams receive water from the groundwater system (A)

(A). This can be determined from
water-table contour maps because the contour
lines point in the upstream direction where they
cross the stream (B).

Losing streams lose water to the ground-water

system (A).
syste
( ) Thiss ca
can be dete
determined
ed from
o waterate
table contour maps because the contour lines
point in the downstream direction where they
cross the stream (B).

Materazzi M. - Corso Idrogeologia: Lezione 2 Interazione acque superficiali-falde

Disconnected
streams
are
separated from the ground-water
system by an unsaturated zone.

If stream levels rise higher than

adjacent ground
ground-water
water levels,
stream water moves into the
streambanks as bank storage.

Materazzi M. - Corso Idrogeologia: Lezione 2 Interazione acque superficiali-falde

If stream levels rise higher than their

streambanks (C), the floodwaters recharge
ground water throughout the flooded areas.

Materazzi M. - Corso Idrogeologia: Lezione 2 Interazione acque superficiali-falde

The location where perennial

streamflow begins in a channel
can vary depending on the
distribution
of
recharge
in
headwaters areas. Following dry
periods
i d
(A)
(A),
the
h
start
off
streamflow will move up-channel
during wet periods as the groundwater system becomes more
saturated
t t d (B).
(B)

Materazzi M. - Corso Idrogeologia: Lezione 2 Interazione acque superficiali-falde

Esempio di gaining stream

Materazzi M. - Corso Idrogeologia: Lezione 2 Interazione acque superficiali-falde

Esempio di losing stream

Materazzi M. - Corso Idrogeologia: Lezione 2 Interazione acque superficiali-falde

Surface-water exchange with ground water in the hyporheic zone is associated with
abrupt
b t changes
h
i streambed
in
t
b d slope
l
(A) and
d with
ith stream
t
meanders
d
(B)
(B).

Materazzi M. - Corso Idrogeologia: Lezione 2 Interazione acque superficiali-falde

Streambeds and banks are unique environments because they are where ground water
that drains much of the subsurface of landscapes interacts with surface water that drains
much of the surface of landscapes.

Materazzi M. - Corso Idrogeologia: Lezione 2 Interazione acque superficiali-falde

In a schematic hydrologic setting where ground water discharges to a stream under natural conditions (A),
(A) placement of a
well pumping at a rate (Q1) near the stream will intercept part of the ground water that would have discharged to the stream
(B). If the well is pumped at an even greater rate (Q2), it can intercept additional water that would have discharged to the
stream in the vicinity of the well and can draw water from the stream to the well (C).