EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 13451-1 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM raneayesor es. 97.220.10 English version ‘Swimming pool equipment - Part 1: General safety requirements and test methods Euipament do iain - Paro 1: Exigncns générales de ‘Setwimmbadorite Tel: Allgemeine “sau et mathedee focon sicheetstecmathe Anforenigen in Provertahvo. “This European Standard was epproved by CEN on 19 Janay 20 ‘CEN members ae bound o comply wih the CENICENELEC itm Regulation wich ete the condition fr ging this European Standard tests ota national standard who any aeration. Upto Ise and bograghical ferences concerning such nation ‘Mandar may bo oblanad on applaon tothe Manapemert Corte orto any CEN member. “Thi European Standard its in hee ofl vrsone (Engl French, Gaman) erin in any oer anguage made by ansiaton Under he eeponstly of & CEN meter io om language sna miedo te Manogomont Conte haste eam sats asthe of (CEN mentbers oe the national tana bole of Aust. Balm, Cach Repub, Derma, Flan, Franco, Gormany, Grose, clan, and, Ray, Lixenbour, Nethefande, Norway, Pore, Spin, Smeden, Swtzesand ee United Kingiom. “a,” LLROFEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION BUROPAISCHES KOMITEE FOR NORMUNG Management Cente: ede Stsser, 9 B-1050 Brueele (©2001 CEN Atghsf explotaton nay form and by any means reserved el No, EN 13451-1:200 ‘onde for CEN naonal amberPage 2 EN 19451-1 : 2001 38, tin and ntrmation 61 General 462 instalation 2.22! 63. Technical operation 464 Inspection and maintenance 7 Marking ‘Annex A (pormatve) Loads .. ‘Annex B (mate) Mothod of calultion ‘of structural intogrty =. Aro, vera) Pry ing of structural integrty ena D mat) Meo of tet for ‘entrapment 10 Annex E (nonnative) Test of sip resistance 10 Bibliography w 1 atPage 3 EN 19451-12001, Foreword “This Europonn Standard has been prepared by Technical Commitee CENITC 196 “Sports, playground and other recreational equipment, tho secretariat of which is held by DIN. “Tis European Standard shal be given the status ofa natona standard, eer by pcan ofan idl text by endorsoret a the leest by August 2001, and conficing atonal standards shall be wire athe atest by Agi 2001 “The European Standard EN 19451 “Swimming pool equpment consists of — Part 1 General safely requroments and ost methods = Par.2:Adtonal speci safety raqurerets an tet methods for adders, tpladdor and hendlebende = Patt3: Adena! specie solely requirements ad! test mathods for equpment or wate treatment purposes Par 4: Acdtional specie salety requirements and test methods fo stating platforms — Part: Ackdtional specie ealety quirements and test method for ane fines = Part 6 Aakitonalspecte salty regulemonts ad test methods for tuing boarde = Pat7:Adibonal spect salty ements and tst methods or waterpolo goals = Part 8; Ackitonal specie salty roquemerts ard tost methods for ioe water faturas Part Safety signs — Part 10: Additional spectic slaty requirements and test methods for diving platforme, dving springboard and ‘associated equipment = Patt 11: Addional epeciic safety requirements and test methods for moveable poo! floors and moveable bulkneade “This standard may aloo be apliable to other equipment not spectied, provided the safety requirements ao fuliled. “There may be addtional requirements for purposes such as compotion swimming and advice should be sought from the governing body ofthe sport in question. “The Annexes A to E are normative. ‘According to the CENICENELEC Intemal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the folowing ‘counties are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgum, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Grooce, ioland, Ireland, Haly, Luxembourg, Nethoriands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, ‘Switzerland and the United Kingdom.Page 4 EN 13481-12001 1 Scope “This slandard species general caely requirements and test methods for equipment used in public swineing pools. ‘where specific standads oxi, th gonoral standard shall not be used alone. ‘Special care Is required in applying this goneral standard alone to equipment or which no product specific standard has yet been published. 2 Normative references ‘This European Stacard incorporates, by dated oF undated reference, provisions trom ether publications. These normative references are ited atthe appropriate placos in tho text ard the publications are ited hereafter. For Geled relerences, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these pubicatons apply to this European ‘Standard only wien incorporated i t by amendment or ravision. For undated references, the latest ection ofthe publication reared to applies (including amendments). EN 1176-1:1008 Playground equipment - Part 1: General safety requirements and test methods EN 45001 ‘General aera forthe operation of testing laboratories ENV 1001-1 -Euracod 1: Basis of design and actions on structures ~ Part 1: Basis of design 180 5904: 1981 ‘Gymnastic equipment Landing mats and eurtaces for oor exercises — Determination of resistance to sipping 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, tho folowing terms and definitions apply 21 swimming poot: poo! wale tank, ts fings and the immediate adjoining areas where the swimming pool ‘equipment can be installed or can have an influence. ‘3.2. swimming pool equipment: Authorized equipmon, either fied or loose, provided for publlc use, or in reach ‘of users. This equipment can be part of the swimming pool technolegy, (8.9. water inlets or outs), or provided te ‘aselat the users (2.9. addr), or for competitive and training use (@.9. stating Paton).Page 5 EN 19461-1 : 2001 3:3. crushing point: A place where parts of the equipment can move against each other, or against a fied area, ‘0 that persons, or pats of their body, can be crushed. 3.4. grip: Holding of the hand around the entire perimeter of a support (see figure 1), Figure 1: Grip ‘3.5. grasp: Holding of the hand around part of the perimeter of a support (eee figure 2). Figure 2: Grasp 13.6. finger hold: Holding whichis found with hand, atleast with the finger head by hooking in. [3:7 entrapment: Hazard presented by the situation in which a body, or part of a body, or clothing is trapped. TEN 1176-1 : 1996] NOTE: The user is not able to free himselthersell and injury is caused by the entrapment. 3.8 minimum space: The smallest space required forthe sate installation and use of the equipment. 3.9 minimum zone: The minimum space required for anyone who may come into contact with an equipment.Page 6 EN 1345141 : 2001, 3.10 obstaciefprotrusion: An object, ora portion of an object, that stands or protrudes ininto the minimum zone. 3.11 handrail: Rail intonded to assiet the usor to balance. [EN 1176-1 : 1908) 3.12. barrier: Device intended to prevent a user from faling, e.g. guardral full faced panel, wall. 4 Safety requirements 4.1. Structural integrity ‘Structural intogity, including stability of the equipmant shal be assessed by one ofthe following: €) calculation, caried out in accordance with annexes A and B; 'b) physical testing, in accordance with annex C; or } a combination of a) and b). ‘When calculations are carried out in accordance with arinex B, no limit states shall be exceeded at combinations of loads as given in 8.2. ‘When tested in accordance with annex ©, the equipment shall not show any cracks or damage. Deformation shell remain within the elastic il. In some cases, these specific calculations or tests are not appropriate but the structural integrity shall be at loast equivalent. Each structure shall resist both the permanent and variable loads acing on equipment and parts of equipment as described in annex C. NOTE 1: No allowance for accidental loads, ic. loads produced by fire, collision by vehicles or earthquake ‘need to be made for swimming pool equipment. NOTE 2: The foads associated with faigue are much smaller than the loads in combination with the _ppropriale load factors when cacuialed according to B2. Therefore swimming pool equipment needs nol to be verted for fatigue. ‘Structural parts shall rsit the worst case loading contion, if piece of equipment is made by components, thas to be constructed in such a way that every component is secured in ts working poston. 42 Minimum space ‘The menufacturersuppir shall indicate the minimum space needed forthe instalation, operation and use ofthe equipment. 433 Protection against falling 43:1. Handrails and beriers Handrails and barriers shal ful the requirements given in 4.1,432 Grip “The cross section of any component designed to be gripped shall have in any direction, when measured across ts Ccontre, a dimension not fess than 16 mm and not more than 50 mm. 433 Grasp ‘The thickness of any component designed to be grasped shall have a width not exceeding 60 mm. 43.4 Finger hold “The minimum space for clutching shall be 15 mm high and 20 mm wide (see figure 3). l=| 2 Figure 3: Finger hold 44 Surfaces 44.1 Surface finishing “The surface finishing of the equipment shall be non-spiintering. ‘All welds shall be finished smooth. Rough surlaces should not present any risk of injury. 44.2 Surface materials ‘The materials in contact with the water shall have no detrimental effects on ts quality and shell bo ft for their purposes, 45 Protrusions Protrusions are a hazard of impact andlor clothing entrapment especially where water moveryent may cause Involuntary movement of users. Protrusions witha height h < 10 mm, not shielded by adjacent areas, as shown in figure 4a), shall be rounded wit a radius R = h, see figure 40). Protrusions with @ height > 10 mm, not shielded by adjacent areas, forthe first 10 mm of projection shall be radiused gs stated in the previous paragraph, and forthe remaining projection shell have a maximum inclination & 45°, tangentially connacted, cee tigre 4c).Dimensions in milimatres Ls Key 1 Free space see entrapment requirements 8) Example of protrusion shielded by adjacent areas. a ¥ Cd Example of protrusion > 10 mm Figure 4: Protrusions: 46 Edges and comers Edged and comers within the minimum zone shall be radiused with a minimum radius of 3 mm. Where not possible, they shall be protected. 4.7 Moving parts ‘There shail be no crushing points oF shearing points between moving andlor stationary parts of the equipment For gaps whose dimensions change during use of the equipment, three dimensional groups are accepted: O mm to ‘8 mm, 25 mm to 50 mm, 250 mm or more. 4.8 Protection against entrapment 48:1 General ‘Any opening not technically necessary shouki be closed or covered,Page 9 EN 19451-1 : 2001 482 Entrapment of the head and neck Equipment shall be constructed 50 that any openings do not creato head and neck entrapment hazards elther by head fist or foot frst passage. NOTE: Examplos of hazardous situations are: «) completely bound openings. ») patially bound or V-shaped openings (©) shearing or moving openings. ‘Completely bound openings, which allow passage ofthe small probe (s), shall also allow the large probe to pass through, when tested in accordance with 0.2.1 Partialy bound and V-shaped openings shall be constructed so that elther: a) the opening is not accessible when tasted in accordance with D:2.2; or ) I accessible when tested in accordance with D.22: =the template apex contacts the base of the opening during the test (see figure D.4, a = passes); oF the template contacts the sides ofthe opening at a height of less than 600 mm above the ground (see figure D4, & = fale). 48.3 Entrapment of fingers ‘Equipment shall be constructed so that any opening does not create finger entrapment hazards. Special attention shall be paid to: ) gaps 1) cpenanded tues or pes: and «) variable gaps. When tested in accordance with D.3.2, openings in reach of the user, where he is subjected to forced movement shall conform to one of the folowing requirements: 4) the & mm tingor rod (e00 figure 0.5) shal not passthrough the minimum cross-section of the opening an the profle of the opening shall be such thatthe rod cannot be locked in any position when set in motion as given ir Daz; or 2) f the 8 mm finger rod passes through the opening, the 25 mm finger rod (see figure D.5) shall also pase ‘trough the opening, provided thatthe opening doos not permit access to another finger entrapment ite. “The closures shall not be removable without using tools. 4.9 Suction ‘Suction from the swimming pool shall be avoided, unless the water speed inthe proximity ofthe suction point ix Under all conciions < 0,5 ml. Adcitonally at least one ofthe fllowing roquiremonts shall be met: a) a numberof extraction points connected In parallel to each suction ine and placed at a distance > 2 m; ') domed grids with perimetral suction; ©) gravity feed tank; 9) single grids of a minimum area of 1 m*Page 10 EN 13451-1 : 2001 It ie recommended to install atthe deck lovel an accessible general emergency switch forthe pumps. NOTE 1: It's also recommended to installa vacuum detector, connected to the suction line between the pump and the suction outlet (s8e definon in prEN 13451-3:2000), which switchs off the pumps in case the sot ‘pot is ovarcome. NOTE 2: See also Code of Practice 60.03 “Securing of discharge pipes against pressure forces" of Deutsche Gesellschaft fir das Badewesen. 4.10 Slip resistance ‘Surfaces of the equipment, where the user can stand or walk on with bare feet and which can be tested in ‘accordance with annex E, shall comply with table 1. ‘Table 1: Minimum anglés to be obtained for specific surtaces Surfaces of equipment Rating group = installed In horizontal pool areas from 800 rm fo 1 360 mm water depth 12 Installed In horizontal pool areas from 0 mm to 800 mm water depth = Installed In up fo 8° inclined pool areas from 0 mm to 1 350 mm water depth 1 ~ installed in pool surrounding areas occasionally wetted Installed more than 8° inclined poo! areas trom 0 mm to 1 350 mm water depth = stops, starting platforms, reads of ladders and stepladders ‘Surfaces of the equipment where the user can stand or walk with bare feet, which cannot be tested in accordance ‘wth Annes E, shall obtain a minimum coeticient of fction of 0:75, when tested in accordance with ISO 5904 : 1981, 4.41 Fixings Fixings, ether fixed or removable, shall be considered as integral pat of the equipment and shall be subjected to the same safety requirements. Fixings for removable equipmentitems (2. starting blocks, etc.) shall be protectedicovered by suitable tamper proof dovioes when the equipmentitem is removed, In case of reuse of existing installed fitings to secure new equipment, tis the responsabilty ofthe contractor (sup- plerfmanufacturerinetaler ofthe new equipment) to check their suitability. 4.12 Protections ‘Where protections are used to prevent risks (e.g. cover plates for fixings not in use, grids for suction outlets) they shall not be removable without the use of tools or of tamper proof techniques. 4.13 Alteration of existing equipment In case of eteration/partl reuse of exiting equipment, who alters the equipment (manufacturer, supplier, installer, ‘operator fe responsible fr the compliance of the complete modified equipment to this standardPage 11 EN 19451-12001 5 Test methods 5A General Unless othernise specified, the requirements of cause 4 shal be verted by the most appropriate method: measure- ment, visual examination or practical tests. For production tine items @ minimum sample of 3 shal be tested. To teat it, the equipment shall be assembled according to manuiacture's instructions in conditions similar to ts use. 5.2 Test report “The test report shall be prepared in accordance with EN 45001 and shall include the number and date ofthis Standard, 6 Instruction and information 6:1 General ‘The following requirements have tobe fulfied by the contractor (manulacturerfsupplierinstller). Instructions shall be provided In the anpropiatloficial language(s) ofthe country in which the equipment is to be installed. “The instructions shall comply with the following: 4) be painted legibly and in simple form; »)Iustrations shall bo used wherever possible: ©) Include atleast details ofthe instalation, operation Including emergency procedures f needed, inspection and ‘maintenance ofthe equipment to be caed out by competenVauthorized persons (he level of competence wil vary with the task); 0) spedity location ofthe marking (see ctause 7). 62 Installation ‘An equipment delivery part ist shall be supplied with the equipment. “The instalation shall be caried out by suitably competentauthorized person. Inetructions for the comect assembly, erection and placing of the equipment shail be supplied together withthe iment hat the instalation shal be carted out by suitable compelenvauthorized person, This information shall Include at east the folowing 4) the equipment and parts identification; 1) the erection sequence; ) matching alds where necassary, e.g. signs on parts accompanied by appropriate intricions; «the need of any special tools or other assembly aids to be used, and any precautionary measures tobe taken. «) the values and dimensions to be complied with; 4) technical details needed forthe design of foundation and of ings, i not supplied.Page 12 EN 13451-1 : 2001 63 Technical operation ‘Operating instruction shall be supplied and shall include at least 8) any measure required prior to-fist use of the equipment; ) any measure required during the run-in period: ©) operational instructions; 4) a statement that Incomplete equipment is a hazard 644 Inspection and maintenance Intrusions for scheduled inspection shall be provided. To define them it shall be considered that the frequency of inspection will vay with the type of equipment or matorials used and other factors. “The instructions for maintenance shall specty the folowing: 2) drawings and diagrams, necessary for inspection, maintenance, checking of correct operation and appropriate repair of the equipment; b) where necessary, the servicing points and methods of servicing, ¢.9. lubrication, tightening of bolts, re- ‘tensioning of ropes; ©) that spare parts shall comply with manufacture’s specifications; 4) Identification of spare parts. NOTE: A dally visual inspection, caried out by the facity staff, is recommended, and recordings of the Inspection should be kept 7 Marking Each item of swimming pool equipment shal be permanently marked with the following minimum information: 4) the number of tis European Standard EN 1451-1, where possible together with: b) the name, trademark or Kentification parameters of the manufacturer, supplier oF importer; 6) the county of origin; “The markings shall be easily visible ator installation.Page 13 EN 19451-1 : 2001 Annex A (normative) Loads A1 Permanent loads AAA General ‘The permanent loads consist of: ) self woight ofthe structure and of the assemblies; ») prestressing loads. AA.2 Self weight ‘The self weight ofthe structure and assemblies shall be assessed. A.13 Prestressing loads Prestressing loads are considered to be permanent loads. The maximum and minimum of prestressing loads have, to be considered. NOTE: Because of creep oF relaxation, prestress is time dependent. It can be necessary to verify two situations: ) Initial prestress; and ) the end prestress. ‘A2 Variable loads A241 General ‘The variable loads consist of 8) user loads; ») snow loads; ©) wind toads; 4) temperature loads; and .) specific loads. A22 User loads “The load caused by the users of swimming pool equipment shall be based on the following load system: a) total mass Ganxms164xon anPago 14 EN 13451-12001 where 4, {8 the total mass of» users, in klogramme 1 isthe numbor a the urs on the equipment or ona pat hore, a8 given in A: ‘ms the mean mass of a user in a speci age group; ‘6s the standard deviation of the age group concemed. [NOTE 1: For swimming pool equipment, open to users of al ages, the following values can be used: ) dynamic factor (a2) 41h Cay 18 a factor representing the load caused by movement (running etc) of the users, including matorial Dbohaviour under impact loading 1.08 given ina) 6) total wor vertical oad aa) Fane 8X GX Cy, where Foe. 1 tho total vertical user load onthe equipment caused by n users, in Newions the acceleration de to gravy, (0.81 ms) 6, 18.29 gvenina) ‘ag 1 8 given nb) Table A: Total vertical user load Number of users | Mass ofn sors | Dynamic actor | Total vertical Vertical load user load er user . 6, Gn Faw r kg. N N 7 ar NOTE: At infinity the vertical load per user equals the average weight.Page 15 EN 19451-1 : 2001 4) total horizontal user load ‘The total horizontal user load is 10 % of the total vertical user load according to A.2.2 c) and acts on the same level, together with the vertical load. Fag =O Foy aa NOTE 2: This load allows for movement of users and inaccuracies in the structure. 6) distribution of user loads “The user loads are uniformly distributed over the element considered as follows: 41) point loads: F = Fy in Newtons; as Fis acting on an area of 0,4 m x0,1 m: 2) line loads: q = F,/L in Newtons per metre; (as) where Lis In accordance with A3.3; 9) area loads: p = F./A In Newlois per metre squared (an where ‘A's in accordance with A.3.4; 4) volume loads: 4 = Fy/ in Newtons per mete; or as [P= FaJA In Newtons per metre squared 9a) NOTE 3: Volume loads are expressed either in tino loads or area loads, depending on the type of elements that form the structure. A2.3 Snow loads ‘Snow loads shall be taken from Eurocode for Actions on Structures (see ENV 1981-2-3), allowing fora reference petiod of 10 years. A.24 Wind loads |Wind loads shall be taken from Eurccode for Actions on Structures (see ENV 1981-2-4), allowing for @ reference period of 10 years. A258 Temperature loads “Temperature loads shall be taken from Eurocode for Actions on Siructures (see ENV 1991-2.2), allowing for @ reference period of 10 years. 26 Specific toads NOTE: If necessary to be implemented in the subsequent parts of EN 13461.Page 16 EN 19451-1 : 2001 A.3 Number of users on the equipment A3.1 General ‘The number of users for each structural element likely 1o be loaded by users shall be calculated. ‘The calculated number shall be rounded up to the next whole number, A3.2 Number of users on a point Unless stated differently in tis standard, the number of users n, on a point is as follows: net Every single point of swimming pool equipment for standing or walking on it, or a fat surface greater than 0,1 m ‘wide and which has less than 30° angle ftom the horizontal, shall be ablo to carry the load caused by one user, NOTE: This also applies to stops for supporting user's feet. ‘A3.3 Number of users on fine type elements ‘The number of users, n, on a tine shall be calculated trom the folowing 2) line element with an inclination up to and including 60°: 1008 A10) ») line element with an intination grater than 60°: n=120 an where isthe length of the element in metres; 1,18 the length of the element projected down to a horizontal plane, in metres. ‘A3.4 Number of users on an area “The number of users, n, on a surface area shall be calculated from the following: 9) planes with an inclination up to end including 60” n= A068 (ana) ) planes with an inclination greater than 60°: n= alo7e (arg) where A Is the area in 4, isthe area projected dovm to a horizontal plane, in ri. ‘Tho width of tha plane shall be greater than 0,6 m. Planes having a smaller width shall be treated as line type clomonts.Page 17 EN 1941-1 : 2001, Annex B_ (normative) Method of calculation of structural integrity B.1 General principles BA.1 Limit state Each structure and structural element, 2.g. connections, foundations, supports, shall be calculated taking Into account the load combinations of B.2. ‘The preterred method of calculation shall be based on the general principles and definitions for limit states as spectied In the structural Eurocode ENV 1901-1. \Well established technical rules and methods of construction practice, other than this method, may be used provided thatthe lovel of safety Is at least the same. NOTE: Limit states are states beyond which the structure no longer satisfes the requirements of this standard. In symbole form, a fimit stale can be wit as: WS< Pty en where 1% 16. pata safety factor for loads; “fe 18. paral satay factor for matorils: Sis load efect i the resctance of the structure, In order to alow for uncertainties in the actual loads and in the model used for determining loads, loads are multiplied by a partial eafety facotr for loads (y) In order to allow for uncertainties In the actual materlal properties and in the models used for determining {orees in the structure, the strength of the structure is devided by a partial safety factor for materials (7). In most cases, the symbolic representation given here cannot be used to represent the limit state because the actual formulation is often nonlinear, e.g. in cases where toads have to be combined. B.1.2 Ultimate limit state ‘Utimate lit states requiring consideration include: 2) loss of equilbrium of the structure or any part of f, considered as a rigid body; b) fare by excessive deformation, rupture, of oss of stability ofthe structure or any part of i. NOTE: Utimete limit states are those associated with collapse, or with other forms of structural failure which ccan endanger the safety of people. B.1.3 Serviceability limit state ‘Where serviceability requirements are mado the preterred method of calculation shal be based on the principle for serviceability int state as spectiod in the structural Eurocode ENV 1891-1,Page 18 EN 1345141 : 2001 The detection cited for serviceabilty limit states mentioned inthe Eurocodes do not apply to swimming pool ‘equipment. NOTE: Servicoabilty limit stata correspond to states beyond which specied service ceria are no longer met, 5.2 Load combinations for static analysis ‘The following load combinations (test load) shall be used for verification: You X 6+ Yan XQ, (82) where Gs the permanent load as given in A.1; 2, is one of the variable loads as given in A22 to A26; ‘Yee. 18 4 partial safety factor for permanent loads to be used in calculations; “Toe '6 & partial safety factor for variable loads to be used in calculations, ‘The following partial saety factors for loads shall be used: Yor = 1,0 for favourable effects; ‘Toe = 1,35 for unfavourable effects; Yoo = 0 for favourable effects: Yes = 1,35 for unfavourable effects. NOTE: ifs not necessary to combine independent variable loads such as wind and unser loads. Related loads acting In diferent directions, such as vertical and horizontal user loads. are combined.Page 19 EN 18451-1 : 2001, Annex C (normative) Physical testing of structural integrity C1 Passifail criteria CAA Test procedure ‘Apply the total test load without shock, ‘The specimen shall be able to carry the total test load for 5 min. C:1.2 Compliance ‘The specimen is able to withstand the total test load. 1.3 Failure The soacnen fas the test when Ht showne cracks, damages paste efomaton and when connection are C.2 Test load for equipment C21 Load combinations for testing ‘The folowing load combinations shall be used for testing: YerX G+ Yer O, (er) where: G ie the permanent load as given In A.t: 2, is one of the variable loads as given in A22 10 A26; ‘ox 18 a paril safety factor for permanent loads to be used in testing = 1,0 in all cases; ‘Yer 8 a patil safety factor for variable loads to be used in testing according to C.2.2 or G2. Itis not nocassary to combine independent vatiable loads, such as wind and user loads, but related loads acting in itforent directions, such as vertical and horizontal user loads, should be combined. Permanent loads are present during the test. Compared with the variable loads on swimming pool equipment, the ‘pormanent loads are small in most cases, and therefore no additonal safety factor for permanent loads is required in the tess, €.2.2 Safety factor for test on identical series ‘The following safety factor shall be used for identical serles where not every specimen is tested: Ye, =O for favourable effects; Yor = 20 for unfavourable effects.©.2.3 Safety factor for test on a unique product “The following eafaty factor shall be used where every specimen, including unique products, are tested: ‘Yer = 0 for favourable ffocts; ‘Yo = 1,35 for unfavourable effects. €.3 Load application 3.1 General ‘The loads shall always be applied in free air, even for equipment destined to be submersed after instalation, due to the posshilty of dry use (e.g. maintenance) 32 Point loads “The following cimeneions shall not be exceeded when applying the loads onlo an element ofthe structure: = line type element: 15 0,1 mi; = area type element: a < 0,1 m x 0,1 m. where: | is the support length of the test load, in meter; ais the support area ofthe test load, in meter. ‘To simulate the transfer of load caused by one user to the structure, the lad should normally be applied over & length of not more than 0,1 m, €33 Line toads Line loads can be represented by equally distributed point loads spaced not more than 0,6 m apart ‘The support length under the point loads can be up to 0,6 m. C34 Area loads ‘Area loads can be represented by equally distributed point loads spaced grid wise not more than 0,6 m x 0,6 m. “The support aroa under the point loads shall be less than 0,6 m x 0,6 m.Page 21 EN 19451-1 : 2001, ‘Annex D (normative) Methods of test for entrapment D.1 General ‘Unless stated otherwise, tolerances on measurements in this annex are 3s follows: 18) + 1 mm for dimensions; and b) + 1° for angles. D.2. Head and neck entrapment 'D.2.1 Completely bound openings D214 Apporatus Probes, as itustrated in fgure Dt. Dimencions in millimetres Dimensions in milimetres 3 165, Z| “2 | "ae os 1) Probe A by Probe BPage 22 EN 18451-1 : 2001 Dimensions in milimetres 1) Probe © (torso) Dimensions in milimetres C 4) Probe D (lage head) Key 1 Handle Figure D.1: Probes for determination of head! and neck entrapment in completely bound openingsPage 23 EN 19481-1 : 2001, D.2.1.2 Procedure ‘Apply successively the probes given in tabla D.1, as appropriate forthe age group for which the equipment is intended, lo each opening, Record and report the passage of any probe through the opening, “Table D.1: Probes for assessment of head and neck entrapment in completely bound openings apn accss to eiren rent acess to can of 3 year ol and up aa eens Tigi oponngoet rt "cer ease (ecw Had pening hea fs) Sal poe: pede C ‘Small probe: probe A ‘Small probe: probe B Lage probe: probe D tage robe pre O Large probe probe O 1.2.2 Partially bound and V-shaped openings 2.2.1 Apparatus “Test template, as Mustrated in igure 02. Dimensions in milimatres ” 2s ay S. os 5 Key 1 Potton B 2 Potton A Figure D.2: Test template for assesement of head and neck entrapment in partially bound ‘and V-shaped openings D222 Procedure Psion the “8 portion ofthe fst template between and perpendicular othe boundaries of the opening. a5 Sot Fr agure D.a. Record and report whether the femplae ft vin the boundaries ofthe opening or H # cannot | Inserted to Is full thickness.Page 24 EN 13451-12001 I te tect tomplate can be inserted toa depth greater than the thickness of the tomplate (45 mm), apply the “A othon cf the tat tmplato, so that Hs conte ine isin fine with the centro fine of tho opening. Ensure that ho pant f the test lemplate is paraliol and applied in ine withthe opening, es shown in figure Dt Figure D.3: Method of insertion of the *B" portion of the test templateb falls Figure D.4: Method of insertion of the ° portion of the test template sent thts omit slong cnr inet he penguin erst mrt ih eb of the opering. Record and report the resus. NOTE: The passitall criteria are ghven in 4.62.Page 26 EN 19451-1 : 2001, D.3_ Finger entrapment 0.3.1 Apparatus Finger rods, as Hustrated in igure D'S. Dimensions in ritimetres Figure D.5: Finger rodsPago 27 EN 1941-1: 2001 0.3.2 Procedure ‘Apply the 8 mm diameter fingor rod to the minimum cross-section of the opening and, ifthe rod does not pass through, rotate it as ibustrated in figure D.6, Record and report ifthe fod passes through the opening and iit locks in any postion when rotated. Figure D.6: Rotation of the 8 mm diameter finger rod Ht the 8 mm diameter fingor rod passes through the opening, apply the 25 mm diameter finger rod. Record and report if the 25 mm dlamoter finger rod passes through the opening and, itt does, whether access Is then given to another fingor entrapment site.Annex E (normative) Testing of slip resistance E.1 Short description of the method ‘A person carrying out the test (test person) moves in an upright postion forward and backward on the surtace ‘subjected tothe test. The surface is welted with water containing a wating agent. The inclination of the test rig Is Increased starting from the horizontal positon until an‘ angle has been reached at which the testing person feels insecure. E.2 Testing person ‘The teeing person is a grown-up person with barefeet, whose feet shall have been wetted for atleast 10 min prior to stat the test. The person shall be protected against a fall by a safety device, which shall allow an unrestcted movement on the surface under test. “To acquaint the test persons withthe procedure, they should be trained on surfaces whose anti-slip properties have been previously detorminad in accordance with this annex. 3 Test rig ‘Attat plate measuring 600 mm In wieth and 2.000 mm in length, with an adjustable angle of incination form 0° to 445" shall be used as testing equipment; one shot side shall be hinged to the floor and a clinometer with divisions ‘of 1 shall be fitted on a side of the rg, showing the angle of incination of the plate in relation to the horizontal plane. For the salety ofthe test porson handrails shall be fited to both longitudinal sides of the rg. E.4 Test liquid “The test liquid shall be an acqueous solution of a neutral wetting agent in a concentration of 1 g/l. Water can be supple by the municipal drinking water system. ES Test specimen ‘The test specimen is a surface of atleast 1 000 rmmin length and 800 mm in width. Components of inegular shape shall be placed on aside the other, as nearby as possible, to cover the test surface of 1000 mm x 500 mm, ‘The fugues (tee areas between the components) shall be filed wth a filer ofthe type used for ceramic ties Joins. “The level ofthe fugues chal be the same ofthe component surrounding areas in a proper installation. Ifthe fugues develop mainly in a specific direction, the epecimen shall be tested inthis rection and at 90° angle. E.6 Test procedure ‘The test specimen is mounted and centered on the flat plate of the test rig. During all the test the test specimen shall be continuously and regularly wetted with a least 5 Viin of the test liquid. “The test person moves half the length ofa stop fonvards and backwards in an upright postion, looking down to the test specimen surface, in a downstream direction. At the same time, the inclination ofthe test rig is increased by about 1° per second, slaring from a horizontal postion. The angle of inclination causing the test person to feel insecure Shall be established through repaated changes of the inlination of the rig around the critical value, ‘The angle of inclination shall be determined 12 times, starting each time from the horizontal position of the test ‘specimen.Page 29 EN 19451-1 : 2001 E.7 Evalution Forthe purpose of evalution the results, the highest and lowest values ofthe group of 12test shall not be taken into ‘account, ‘The arithmetical mean value of the remaining 16 tests, rounded to the nearest full degree, shall be taken as recut ofthe test. E.8 Classification ‘All the piocas of equipment shall be classfied in three rating groupe: 12% the items with atest recut from 12°10 17° 18°: the tome tha tot recut from 18° to 23° 24°: th toms wih atest result om 24° upwarcs E9 Test report ‘Tho test report shall also contain 4) test specimen charactrstis; 2) angle of incnaton.