Hong 1

Hae Eun Hong

Ibu Yulvita Yarti
Chemistry
October 15, 2015
Stoichiometry Lab Report
Objective
The aim of this experiment is to determine the molarity of hydrochloric acid (HCl) by adding
a volume of sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Theoretical Background
The method we can use is called Titration. By titration, we could find the unknown values
of a certain acid or a base. In where we could determine the unknown concentration of
hydrochloric acid (HCL) by neutralize using a known volume of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
solution. By using phenolphthalein indicator which is used as an acid-base indicator in
titrations involving weak acids and strong bases because it is brilliant red at high alkalinity
and colorless below Ph 8 (www.dictionary.com ) if it is saturated, it turns into specific color.
In this case pinkish purple.
Hypothesis:
I predict that, during the experiment, when unknown concentration of HCL is titrated with a
known volume of NaOH solution, I could figure out the concentration of the unknown HCL.
Variables

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Independent Variables: Volume of acid (5 mL, 10 mL, 15mL, 20 mL, 25 mL)
Dependent Variable: the molarity of acid
Controlled Variables: the molarity of sodium hydroxide (0.1M), room temperature, pressure,
the addition of phenolphthalein indicator (3 drops).
Tools and Materials
Burette (1)
25 mL Erlenmeyer flask (5)
25 mL measuring cylinder (1)
10 mL measuring cylinder (1)
250 mL beaker (3)
Retort stand and clamp (1)
150 ml of HCl
150 mL of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
20 ml of phenolphthalein indicator
1 L of distilled water
Wash bottle (1)
25 mL Volumetric Pipette (1) and bulb
10 mL Volumetric Pipette (1)
Dropper (1)
Funnel (1)
Goggles
Gloves
Lab Coat
Sheet of white and dark paper

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Method
1. Rinse the tools (burette, flasks, and beakers).
2. Make sure the burette stopcock is closed.
3. Fill the burette with sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
4. Place a beaker under the burette.
5. Open the stopcock to allow the liquid to drain out into the beaker and then close the
stopcock. Make sure that there is no air bubbles remain in the stopcock.
6. Remove the beaker.
7. Using a 25 mL volumetric pipette, pour 5 mL of HCl into an Erlenmeyer flask.
8. Add 3 drops of phenolphthalein into the acid in the Erlenmeyer flask. The solution should
remain colourless at this point.
9. Place the flask under the burette.
10. Read the volume of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in the burette. This is your initial
volume. Reading is made easier by holding a piece of dark paper behind the burette.
11. Slowly open the burette stopcock and add some sodium hydroxide into the flask, while
doing so, swirl the flask. Observe the colour of the solution, you may notice a temporary
colour change in the solution.
12. Continue adding the sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The colour change will take longer to
disappear. This is a signal that the endpoint is almost reached and the sodium hydroxide

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should be added drop wise.
13. Stop adding the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) when a permanent colour change is observed
(a pale pink; stays longer than 30 seconds). This indicates that the solution has reached its
endpoint.
14. Record the volume of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in the burette. This is your final volume.
Subtract the initial volume from the final volume to determine the volume of sodium
hydroxide added.
15. Repeat step 1 to 14 using different volume of HCl: 10 mL, 15 mL and 20 mL, 25 mL.
16. Refill the burette with sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) if it was not enough but
remember to record the volume of sodium hydroxide used.
17. Repeat step 1 to 16 three times to obtain accurate results.
Data Processing
Formula = Mole x (1,000/Solution Volume) = Molarity
5ml of Hydrochloric Acid
M = 0.1 M (NaOH)
Mole = Molarity x Volume
Mole of NaOH= 0.1 M x 5 x 10-3 dm3
= 0.59Mole
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Mole HCl = 1/1 x 0.5 mole = 0.5 mole
Molarity of HCl = 0.5 mole /5 ml= 0.1M

Hong 5
10ml of Hydrochloric Acid
M = 0.1 M (NaOH)
Mole = Molarity x Volume
Mole of NaOH= 0.1 M x 10.27 x 10-3 dm3-= 1.027 Mole
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Mole HCl = 1/1 x 1.027 mole = 1.027mole
Molarity of HCl = 1.027 mole
= 0.1027 M
10ml
15ml of Hydrochloric Acid
M = 0.1 M (NaOH)
Mole = Molarity x Volume
Mole of NaOH= 0.1 M x 16.53 x 10-3 dm3= 1.653 Mole
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Mole HCl = 1/1 x 1.653 mole = 1.653 mole
Molarity of HCl = 1.653 mole
= 0.11.02 M
15ml

Volume of HCl
20ml of Hydrochloric Acid
M = 0.1 M (NaOH)
Mole = Molarity x Volume
Mole of NaOH= 0.1 M x 22.37 x 10-3 dm3= 2.237 Mole

HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

Mole HCl = 1/1 x 2.237 mole = 2.237mole

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Molarity of HCl = 2.237 mole /
= 1.1185M
20ml
25ml of Hydrochloric Acid
M = 0.1 M (NaOH)
Mole = Molarity x Volume
Mole = 0.1 M x 24.93x 10-3 dm3= 2.493 Mole
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Mole HCl = 1/1 x 2.493 mole = 2.493 mole
Molarity of HCl = 2.493 mole
= 0.09972 M
25ml

Volume of HCl

Data Presentation
Results
Volume of HCL

Volume of NaOH (ml)

(ml)
5
10
15
20
25

Trial 1
4.7
10.4
16.7
21.9
24.8

Trial 2
5.2
10.8
16.6
22.8
24.7

Trial 3
5.1
9.6
16.3
22.4
25.3

Most Consistent
5
10.27
16.53
22.37
24.93

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Discussion:
From the calculations, table and chart above, it show that there are some patterns that I
recognized. It shows that in the table and chart, it is a constant balanced increasing
quantitative pattern of liquid, which are; Hydrochloric Acid and sodium hydroxide. For an
example: see when 5ml of hydrochloric acid increases to 10ml, the sodium hydroxide also
increases from 5ml to 10.27ml. There are also constant balanced quantitative patterns that it
does not increases or decreases. For an example: the molarity of; Hydrochloric Acid from
every each calculation is 0.1M. It does not change. These patterns support my hypothesis, by
the constant balanced quantitative increases as it shown in the graph.
Evaluation
The method we used during the experiment is reliable. It is also capable where we put the
liquid in the right places where it should be and measures the volume of the liquid after it is
placed inside the beaker. Also we have to put Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) in the burette and the
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in the Erlenmeyer flask, not opposite so the experiment goes well.

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This tells us that the method was capable. This method does not tell the molarity of
Hydrochloric Acid it only tells the amount of liquid used. So in this case, after finished doing
all the chemical reaction, we should calculate the amount of chemical. Then form a data from
the experiment to find the results for molarity of Hydrochloric Acid. This tells us that the step
of the method does not take us directly to the results for the experiment, which is not simple
and difficult. So unless the teacher taught the method of calculation to find the molarity of
Hydrochloric Acid (HCL), you will not able to find it. Since the teacher taught all of our
classmates, we knew, and I knew the way to calculate. It was hard at the first but after my
friend helped me; it was easier to find out.
Conclusion:
After doing the experiment and repeating for three times getting reliable results that allows
me to collect and make data, chart and table leaded me to conclude. My conclusion to this
experiment is alike as my hypothesis. We can find the solution of the hydrochloric acid and
the sodium hydroxide through titration when the amount the volume is exactly alike. By
looking the table and graph we could know the amount of the volume of both hydrochloric
acid and sodium hydroxide is identical. So when the molarity of sodium hydroxide is 0.1,
then hydrochloric acids molarity would be the same. By looking at the calculation stated up
for an example, when hydrochloric acid is 5ml, I need the constant volume of 5sodium
hydroxide to find the molarity of hydrochloric acid. I should times 5 by 0.1; this is because of
the molarity of sodium hydroxide. After the answer come out, I should divide the answer by
5ml of hydrochloric acid, which it leads to 0.1 molarity of hydrochloric acid.
Extensions/Improvement:
1. Bring all Materials: My partner and I did the experiment by two days, Friday and

Hong 9
Monday. The experiment on Friday flows well but the problem came up on Monday.
I forgot to bring my lap coat so me and my partner went the whole school around to
borrow lap coat. The next time I should prepare well so I would not forget to bring
materials.
2. Careful: We all know that chemical is harmful and dangerous for our skin and body.
In the middle of experiment, my friend and I went to the restroom and we almost
forgot to wash our hand before going in to the toilet. We used gloves but I think we
should still wash our hands for safety. Also, because I walked fast to get the chemical
in the burette. Even though we are busy, we should walk in the science lap. To be
careful that the chemical will not be spoil. Next time I should be more careful.
3.

Do Not get Mixed-up: During the experiment when it was toward the end, my
partner and I forgot and got mixed up of the hydrochloric acid and the sodium
hydroxide. We had no choice, to do reliable experiment, we threw out both of the
chemical and refilled. Fortunately it was only small amount of chemical left before
we threw out. Next time we should mark it so we wont get mixed up.