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Silvi Collaku
Science
Mr.Admir Kellezi
14 Ocober 2015
Avogadros theory states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure
contain equal number of particles.
Lastly there is percent compostition.The percent compostition is the number of grams of the
element,divided by the mass in grams of the compound,then multiplied by 100%. To clculate you
must find the molar mass of the compound and of the elements. Once you have found the percent
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compostition,you can also find the empirical formula of that compound. The empirical formula is a
formula with the lowest number ratio of elements in a compound.
Overall, when calculating all these things, it is very important to keep in mind The Law of
Conservation of Mass. The law states that in any chemical reaction or physical change, mass is
conserved. In other words,mass can neither be created nor destroyed. In a nutshell, knowing these
things can really aid one when learning Chemistry, and can make it easier to calculate things, for if
you know one, you know them all.
Part Two: Problem statement, research question and Hypothesis.
The problem for this unit was Is it possible to calculate the atoms and moles of common
compounds,objects and minerals?
In order to conduct an experiment to answer this problem, one must first have an hypothesis: If you
measure the masses of compounds, objects, and/or minerals, then you will be able to calculate the
particles that they contain.
Above you will read the hypothesis for this experiment, but is it correct? Yes, it is correct because by
measuring the mass of a compound, one can discover the different particles that are in the compound.
However, it is not fully accurate and can be proven wrong until the conduction of the experiment.
Part Three:
Safety:
Materials:
Calcium fluoride - CaF2
Iron oxide - Fe2O3
Kevin - (C8H8)2
Sodium chloride - NaCl
Sucrose - C12H22O11
Sulfur - S
Dihydrogen monoxide - H2O
Silicon dioxide - SiO2
Calcium carbonate - CaCO3
Equipment:
plastic spoons
balance
plastic containers
glass slides
Procedure:
1. Measure the mass for each of the given compounds.
2. Find the molar mass for each of the given compounds.
3. After doing this find the number of moles for each of the compounds and all of the elements
in said compounds.
4. Calculate the atoms of each element in all of the compounds.
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5. Complete the tables by writing down the results of the experiment.
Data collection:
In this experiment, several compounds and elements will be measured in order to determine their
molar mass, amount of moles in each per teaspoon, moles in each, and the amount of atoms each
contains. The compounds and elements being referred to are; sodium chloride, hydrogen
monoxide, sucrose, silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, a new compound called Kevin, sulfur,
calcium fluoride, and iron oxide. During this experiment these exact elements will be measured
in order to find their mass in mg, which, according to the hypothesis, will help discover their
molar mass, their moles, the moles each contains, and the amount of atom in each. This data will
be presented in three different tables, one for counting particles common substances, one for
counting particles common materials, and one for counting particles in minerals. This data will
help prove my hypothesis by discovering each compound/elements particles.
Part Four:
Table 13.1
Name
Formula
NaCl
H2O
Molar
mass
Moles in
1
teaspoon
sodium
chloride
22,000mg
58 g/mols
0.379.3
hydrogen
monoxide
2,000mg
18 g/mols
0.1
C12H22O11 sucrose
Table 13.2
Mass in
mg
69,000mg
342 g/mols
.2.01
Moles of each
element
0.379.3 moles Na
2.28x1023 atoms Na
0.379.3 moles Cl
2.28x1023 atoms Cl
0.1 moles H
0.602x1023 atoms H
0.1 moles O
0.602x1023 atoms O
.2.01 moles C
12.1002x1023 atoms C
.2.01 moles H
12.1002x1023 atoms H
.2.01 moles O
12.1002x1023 atoms O
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Name
Mass in
mg
Molar mass
Moles
in 1
sample
Moles of each
element
Formula
SiO2
silicon
dioxide
15,000mg
60g/mols
0.250
0.250 moles Si
0.250 moles O
0.124,4 moles Ca
CaCO3
calcium
carbonate
27,000mg
217g/mols
0.124,4
0.124,4 moles C
0.124,4 moles O
CHCH2
Kevin
C 6H 5
Table 13.3
10,000mg
212g/mols
0.0212
0.0212 moles C
0.0212 moles H
Atoms of each
element
1.505x1023
atoms Si
1.505x1023
atoms O
0.748x1023
atoms Ca
0.748x1023
atoms C
0.748x1023
atoms O
0.127x1023
atoms C
0.127x1023
atoms H
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Formula
CaF2
Fe2O3
Name
Mass in
mg
Molar
mass
Sulfur
6,000mg
32 g/mol
calcium
fluoride
iron
oxide
9,000mg
3,000mg
78 g/mol
86 g/mol
Moles
0,1875
0,1153
0,03488
Moles of each
element
Atoms of each
element
0,1875 moles S
1.128x1023 atoms S
0,1153 moles Ca
0,1153 moles F
0.694 x1023 F
0,03488 moles Fe
0,03488 moles O
Part Five:
I believe that the hypothesis for this experiment was correct because, after conducting the experiment,
I was able to determine the different particles in each compound just as was hoped to. As shown in the
tables above, the number of moles in a compound is equal to the number of moles in each element of
that compound. I proved my hypothesis by calculating the mass of each substance out of three
substances for each table. All my data is listed in the tables above. The next particle to be found was
the molar mass, this must be done in order to discover just how many moles there is in the compound.
This is how it is found:
1 mole = molar mass
--------- --------------x moles = mass given
Meaning that:
x moles = 1 mole x mass given
--------------------------molar mass
Since I have the mass of each compound I still have to discover the moles if I want to calculate the
numbers accuratly by using the formula.
Because Avogadros number is perpetual, reluting in them have the same number of atoms as well as
the same number of moles. This means that the number of moles in a compound is equivalent to that
of the number of moles in the elements.
However, I do not believe that the method used was entirely accurate. For example, for this
experiment the entire class was divided into groups each measuring the same things, however, the
results were not the same for every group. I believe that this error occcured because of the method that
we used. It is possible that we did not measure everything correctly or that our equipment was broken.
However, it is strange that all of the equipment in each qroup was broken. But I suppose that this
occurred because each of the groups used different measurements for each compound/element.
So that the experiment conducted is more explicable, I have conducted anonther one exactly the same
but with different substances.
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1. Design and carry out an experiment that will determine the number of atoms of calcium,
carbon, and oxygen it takes to write your name on the chalkboard with a piece of chalk.
Assume chalk is 100 percent calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
The difference that resulted, you subtract by the atomic mass of CaCO 3.
Atomic Mass
Ca 40g
C 12g
O 3x 16 = 48g
_______________
(CaCO) = 100g/mol
40g - 35g = 5g
5g
------- = 0.05 moles
100g/mol
100% CaCO3
Ca 40%
C 12%
O 48%
Works Cited
"Chemistry, The Central Science 13th Ed - Brown (Pearson) Pdf." Torrent Download. Web. 19 Oct.
2015. <http://limetorrenturlx.com/Chemistry -The-Central-Science-13th-ed--Brown-(Pearson)-pdftorrent-5388817.html>.
"Molar Volume of a Gas." Molar Volume of a Gas. Web. 19 Oct. 2015.
<http://nobel.scas.bcit.ca/chem0010/unit7/mole8.htm>.
Information learned in class
Papers handed out by the teacher