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Seung Hee Lee

Yulvita Yarti
Science Chemistry
October 15, 2015
Stoichiometry Lab Report
Objective
The aim of this experiment is to determine the molarity of hydrochloric acid (HCl) by
adding a volume of sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Hypothesis:
I predict that adding NaOH removes the HCl from the equilibrium, which tips to the
right to replace them turning the indicator to pink.
Variables

Independent Variables: Volume of acid (5 mL, 10 mL, 15mL, 20 mL, 25 mL)

Dependent Variable: the molarity of acid
Controlled Variables: the molarity of sodium hydroxide (0.1M), room
temperature, pressure, the addition of phenolphthalein indicator (3 drops).

Tools and Materials

Burette (1)
25 mL Erlenmeyer flask (5)
25 mL measuring cylinder (1)
10 mL measuring cylinder (1)
250 mL beaker (3)
Retort stand and clamp (1)
150 ml of HCl
150 mL of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
20 ml of phenolphthalein indicator
1 L of distilled water
Wash bottle (1)
25 mL Volumetric Pipette (1) and bulb
10 mL Volumetric Pipette (1)

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Dropper (1)
Funnel (1)
Goggles
Gloves
Lab Coat
Sheet of white and dark paper

Method
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Rinse the tools (burette, flasks, and beakers).

Make sure the burette stopcock is closed.
Fill the burette with sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Place a beaker under the burette.
Open the stopcock to allow the liquid to drain out into the beaker and then
close the stopcock. Make sure that there is no air bubbles remain in the

stopcock.
6. Remove the beaker.
7. Using a 25 mL volumetric pipette, pour 5 mL of HCl into an Erlenmeyer
flask.
8. Add 3 drops of phenolphthalein into the acid in the Erlenmeyer flask. The
solution should remain colourless at this point.
9. Place the flask under the burette.
10. Read the volume of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in the burette. This is your
initial volume. Reading is made easier by holding a piece of dark paper behind
the burette.
11. Slowly open the burette stopcock and add some sodium hydroxide into the
flask, while doing so, swirl the flask. Observe the colour of the solution, you
may notice a temporary colour change in the solution.
12. Continue adding the sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The colour change will take
longer to disappear. This is a signal that the endpoint is almost reached and the
sodium hydroxide should be added drop wise.
13. Stop adding the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) when a permanent colour change
is observed (a pale pink; stays longer than 30 seconds). This indicates that the
solution has reached its endpoint.

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14. Record the volume of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in the burette. This is your
final volume. Subtract the initial volume from the final volume to determine
the volume of sodium hydroxide added.
15. Repeat step 1 to 14 using different volume of HCl: 10 mL, 15 mL and 20 mL,
25 mL.
16. Refill the burette with sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) if it was not enough
but remember to record the volume of sodium hydroxide used.
17. Repeat step 1 to 16 three times to obtain accurate results.
Data
This table shows my final results.
Vol of HCl
5
10
15
20
25

Trial 1
5ml
10.8ml
16.8ml
22.5ml
24.8ml

This graph shows my final results.

Trial 2
5.5ml
10.9ml
16.6ml
22ml
24.8ml

Trial 3

The most

5.3ml
9.5ml
16.2ml
22.6ml
24.5ml

similar result
5.3ml
10.4ml
16.5ml
22.4ml
24.7ml

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Pattern
My data show that:
(5ml of Hydrochloric Acid)
M= 0.1M (NaOH)
Mole of NaOH 0.1M x 5.3dm3
= 0.53 mole
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Mole of HCl= 0.53 mole
Molarity of HCl

0.53
5

= 0.106M

(10ml of Hydrocloric Acid)

M= 0.1M (NaOH)
Mole of NaOH 0.1M x 10.4dm3
= 1.04 mole
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Mole of HCl= 1.04 mole
Molarity of HCl

1.04
10

= 0.104M

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(15ml of Hydrocloric Acid)
M= 0.1M (NaOH)
Mole of NaOH 0.1M x 16.5dm3
= 1.65 mole
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Mole of HCl= 1.65 mole
Molarity of HCl

1.65
15

= 0.11M

(20ml of Hydrocloric Acid)

M= 0.1M (NaOH)
Mole of NaOH 0.1M x 22.4dm3
= 2.24 mole
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Mole of HCl= 2.24 mole
Molarity of HCl

2.24
20

= 0.112M

(25ml of Hydrocloric Acid)

M= 0.1M (NaOH)
Mole of NaOH 0.1M x 24.7dm3
= 2.47 mole
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Mole of HCl= 2.47 mole
Molarity of HCl

Validity of Method:

2.47
25

= 0.0988M

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If I wanted to test the same problem again, I would not shake the HCl after NaOH was
dropped too much, because if I always shake the solution even though its slightly
pink the color always dissapears. From our experiment the thing that our group got
messed up was when we add the NaOH to HCl and wanted to turn it into pink. It was
hard to adjust the volume do it is hard to make slightly pink.
Improvement:
I could improve the method by dropping the NaOH more less, because I should make
the turning color of HCl to pink as slightly pink but in this experiment my partner and
I made the color of HCl too pink. The other improment is to use time wisely. Oyr
group used too much time to finished this experiment because some parts we
misunderstand the method and didnt read the intruction carefully. The last
improvement is to read the intruction well before we start the experiment so we could
do much better and correctly.
Conclusion:
My hypothesis was right, that when we add NaOH to HCl, the color will turn to pink.
More specifically, the more HCl is added the more NaOH must be added to change
the color of HCl to pink. After we did the expperiment and with the result, I found the
mole and the molarity of NaOH and HCl of it to conclude the equation. I found the
equaion of HCl + NaOH equals to HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O. I calculate the mole
of NaOH by multiply the average aount of 3 results in 1 trials and with the mole of
NaOH which was 0.1M. After I got the mole of NaOH I started to find the mole of
HCl which was the same as the mole of NaOH. Then for the last I found the
molarity(M) of HCl. To find the molarity of HCl, I devide the mole of HCl and the
volume of HCl that was 5ml, 10ml, 15ml, 20ml, and 25ml. So needed to calculate
these whole steps for 5 times. We also experiment these whole steps 25 times as well,

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because each trials must have 3 results. As I finishing my conclution, the more HCl
and NaOH is adding the more volume of NaOH will take to make the HCl turn into
pink. Also Using HCl adding phenolphthalein and dropping HCl will make the color
pure transparent to pink.