25 Multiple Choice, Slide ID, 3-4 essays

need blue/green book, scantron #882

You will be expected to id and write an essay for each slide: title of art work, date,
location, essay (historical context, meaning, discuss importance, iconography (religious?)
symbolism, formal aspects of work such as style (relief, regional, dynasty,
EVERYTHING), and everything else s.a. how it functions, deeper meaning
Chapter 1 Prehistoric Art SURVIVAL HUNT FERTILITY ANIMAL WOMAN
Waterworn pebble resembling human face, from Makapangat, South Africa
c300000 BCE - looks like it was made by human hands but was actually carved by water,
actually found, it was perfect for their nomadic lifestyle because it was easy to pick up,
someone found significance in it, a sort of self reflection; found near a cave
nude woman (venus of Willendorf) from Willendorf Austria c 28000-25000BCE fertility symbol to secure race, emphasizing and exaggerating those parts of women that
ensure that, made of limestone, small statuette, portable art, small to be easy to carry
(nomadic), only actually named Venus by people who found her not knowing for sure if a
deity, if head is hat shows early textile evidence OR maybe hair, used a stone burin to
incise into the stone the genital area
woman holding bison horn from Lascaux Dordogne France c 25000-20000BCE female fertility symbol with exaggerated features again, horn representing divinity, bas
relief, found outside so red ochre is faded by sun, one hand on horn other on abdomen,
natural rock used for relief, life size
Bison with turned head from La Madeleine Dordogne France c 12000 BCE selected stone because already similar to shape of the animal, small piece so head is
turned 180 degrees to maintain strict profile, portable art, stone chiseled and sharpened
Bison detail of painted ceiling in Altamira cave Santander Spain c 12000-11000
BCE (floating bison) - bc deep inside cave, well preserved so orig pigment still intact;
found by archaeologists daughter because she looked up; not linear bisons, just floating
around; diff bisons painted at diff times some alive, some curled and dead BUT ALL
STILL IN PROFILE; red yellow ochre; ritualistic? bc of location in cave showing sacred
grounds; painters used lamps with fat to paint
Spotted horses and negative hand imprints. cave at pech-merle. lot. france. c
22000BCE - hand may be sort of signature; profile view; natural rock contours being
used; magical properties attributed to cave paintings
Hall of Bulls Lascauz caves. dordogne france c 15000-13000 BCE - twisted
perspective where animal not in complete profile; possibly done at different times again;
all in picture plane though unlike in the bisons in the altamira cave; red yellow ochre
again
The Ancient Near East NOMADIC LIFESTYLE --->>> SEDENTARY (AGRICULTURE,
SURPLUS, CULTURE, ) IN MESOPOTAMIA

 White Temple and Ziggurat. uruk. c 3200-3000 BCE - made of mud bricks so
eroded over time; ziggurat is platform temple closer to heaven; bent axis zigzagging
stairs to door; considered actual house of god; only elite and priest could enter; cella at
center where altar was believing deity descended there; nucleus of Sumerian city; no
separation of church and state; local deity looked at as protector of city-state; 40 ft above
street level; in city center; for god Anu
Presentation of offerings to Inanna (warka vase) from Uruk c3200-3000 Bce first evidence of narrative relief art bc most cannot read; low relief, ceremonial vase;
organize narrative in registers; read from bottom to top (hieratic art); in profile still; at
bottom are animals and 2 reed bundles which is pictographic of Inanna; 2nd is votive
offerings carried by nude men in profile giving thanks and asking for continuous good
harvest; at top is Inanna with horned headdress showing divinity
Statuettes of 2 Worshippers from Square Temple at Eshnunna c 2700 BCE votive figures for elites to have them sort of still constantly praying, eyes made of lapiz
lazuli which is expensive; large eyes to show always perpetual attention to deity and
always praying; beard and long hair show important person, power, masculinity; elite
men had woolen skirt and women had dress with exposed shoulder; names of donors
inscripted; cone-like shape; eunuch (scribes, magicians, priests, musicians)
Stele of Vultures c2600-2500 BCE - 2sided; strict profile; stele - commemorate
historical event; low relief; bottom register - batalion ready for war, Eannatum on chariot
(WHEEL); top register - cunneiform, corpses trampled on by batallion; OTHER SIDE
Ningirsu is local deity depicted larger than eannatum, holding net with naked dead POW,
clubbing them with mace; hand of deity in victory show support of the gods justifying
bloodshed; long hair and beard of deity
standard of ur (war and peace side) royal cemetery at Ur c2600 BCE - hollowed
wooden box, limestone, lapiz lazuli, white shell; banner? hold instument?; WAR bottom
register of chariots and infantry trampling nude bald (humiliated) POWs; 2nd register
military escorting POWs about to be presented to leader; top register POWs being
presented to the tall ruler, almost above borders; PEACE banquet; bottom and middle
carrying loot and animals; top musician, men in skirts facing tall leader, drinking; ALL
FOUND BY LEONARD WOOLEY
bull headed lyre. detail royal cemetery ur 2600 BCE - ;blue lapiz lazooli, gold
leaf, wood structure bull = divinity; even bull has beard
sound box of lyre ur c2600 BE - composite figures in registers; epic of gilgamesh
reference; animals in human roles; may have funerary significance
banquet scene cylinder seal and its modern impression. from tomb of Pu-abi.
royal cemetery. ur. c2600 BCE - sort of signature; rolled on soft clay; seal of docs; can be
worn as amulet; intaglio - impression left; banquet scene, skirt, cuneiform; relief; at top man and woman Pu-abi sitting and drinking from beakers
head of akkadian ruler from Nineveh c2250-2200BCE - copper, life size, missing
body; natural features not exaggerated as if actual portrait; introduced loyalty to king not

state; intro self as absolute monarch; deliberately mutilated; mastery in detail and
craftsmanship from seeing how well done and intricate beard is to softness of hat
Victory Stele of Naram Sin from Susa 2254-2218 BCE - pink limestone; low
relief; large; narrative art without registers; natural landscape of mountain serves
hierarchal art; grandson of Sargon (ruler in art before); ruler identifies self as sovereign,
equal footing with dieties; solar discs in top show divine protection radiating; no mercy in
enemies; he has horned hat representing divinity; cunneiform; man begging for mercy,
other removing spear from throat
Seated statue of Gudea holding temple plan from Girsu c2100 BCE- diorite; skirt
and throne is cunneiform of prayers to god; clenched hands in prayer mode; expose one
shoulder; missing head; in round; ruler reps self as pious ruler, not someone interested in
war; on lap is temple plan bc told by god to build one; life size
Stele with law code of Hammurabi from Susa c 1700 BCE - first law code ever
created; Hammurabi standing in front of seated god Shamash showing divine authority
allowing lawmaking bc giving ring and rod to him; build social order measuring and
controlling almost every aspect; low relief; Shamash has flames on shoulder bc sun deity;
both long beards; 4/8 horns in headdress shown bc in profile
Egypt
Palette of King Narmer from Hierakonpolis Predynastic c 3000-2920 -FRONT IS
ONE ON RIGHT; makeup in middle of intertwined felines; unification of upper and
lower egypt in intertwining; registers; bull/pharaoh trampling person and city wall
showing taking over land; corpses in top register with pharaoh wearing headdress of
upper and lower egypt; hathor deity woman with cow horns; egyptian name; ON LEFT
pharaoh clubbing someone; servant holding his sandals; protector of pharaoh Horace is
bird severed heard of prisoner is papyrus plants
Imhoteps stepped pyramid Mastabas (arabic for bench) for Djoser- he is
architect, counselor, priest, chancellor to ruler; when he died, revered as a god; royal
tomb; saqqara; dyn3 c 2630-2611 BCE; inventor of columns as he put it in the entrance
of the mortuary corridor; originally made of bundled reeds until became stone; engaged
column because still stuck to wall not load bearing still looking like stalk with flower on
top
Great Pyramids gizeh Dyn4 - Khufu, Khafre, Menkaure; massive sun symbols;
course of 75 years; pharaohs use sun rays to go to heaven like ramps; place where kings
reborn everyday as sun reborn; smaller pyramids called queen pyramids; massive tombs
Great Sphinx Gizeh Dyn 4 2520 -2494 BCE - Khafre x lion (strength and
authority) COMPOSITE FIGURE
Khafre dyn4 c2520-2494 BCE - KA statues, lifesize; eternal stillness and serenity
bc sitting to show timelessness, eternal; clean shaven with snapon beard; linen headdress;
hand in a fist for authority; intertwining of otus and papyrus to unify upper and lower
egypt; falcon god horace; 2 lions at sides of throne; skirt
civil unrest, anarchy for 100yrs ---->

 fragmentary head of senusret III dyn xii c 1860 BCE - depressed looking, world
weariness; transitory (vs timelessness) bc aged looking with somber eyes and lines
interior hall of rock-cut tomb of amenemhet. beni hasan. dyn 12 c1950-1900 BCE
- columns not load bearing; Oct 20 and Feb 20 sun hits; murals and paintings of life of
pharaoh from top to bottom
Senmut. mortuary temple of Hatshepsut. deir el-bahri. dyn 18. c1473-1458 BCE first female pharaoh;rock-cut temple; once very green and lush with hundreds of statues;
Hatshepsut wiht offering jars, from upper court of her mortuary temple. deir elbahri. c. 1473-1458 BCE - staute in the round; female rep as male with snap on beard
temple of ramses ii. abu simbel (now relocated) dyn 19 c1290-1224 BCE - 4
collosal statues of himself; crown of upper and lower; declared self as god; Ra harachte
sun deity represented in center niche; low relief at top; INTERIOR Osiris as columns
deity of undrworld = atlantids; not load bearing statues;
hypostyle hall
akhenaton from temple of Amen-re. karnak. dyn 18. c1353-1335 BCE - aligning
self with femininity with female figure (hips, slim arms), intro monotheism for Aton
sun god; African features shown; royal snapon beard; wife Nefertiti (unfinished?);
complete family in sunken relief movement/capturedmoment(vstimelessness), reinforce
family and love instead of power and war, equal footing with queen, still see belly
(deformity?)