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To cite this article: Philip S. Fastenau, Natalie L. Denburg & Bradley J. Hufford (1999): Adult Norms for the Rey-Osterrieth
Complex Figure Test and for Supplemental Recognition and Matching Trials from the Extended Complex Figure Test, The
Clinical Neuropsychologist, 13:1, 30-47
To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/clin.13.1.30.1976
1385-4046/99/1301-030$15.00
Swets & Zeitlinger
University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN, 2Michigan State University,
East Lansing, MI, and 3Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA
ABSTRACT
The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (the Rey; Osterrieth, 1944; Rey, 1941) has accumulated a
considerable literature as a test of visual-spatial perception/construction and memory. The Extended Complex Figure Test (ECFT; Fastenau, 1996a, in press-a; Fastenau & Manning, 1992) supplements the Rey
with Recognition and Matching trials that follow Copy, Immediate Recall, and Delayed Recall. The Rey
and ECFT were administered to 211 healthy adults. Age ranged from 30 years to 85 years (M = 62.9, SD
= 14.2), education ranged from 12 years to 25 years (M = 14.9, SD = 2.6), 55% were women, and over 95%
were Caucasian. Age and education effects were evident on all trials (Multiple R ranged .23 to .50, p < .05),
but education explained minimal variance (usually 2-3%) on copy and memory trials. Gender effects were
negligible, if present. Age-appropriate norms are presented using Osterrieths 36-point scoring, overlapping cells, and convenient tables for converting raw scores to scaled scores.
perceptual organization is inferred from the constructive procedure employed by the individual
during the copy production. The examiner may
also note the time that lapses between start and
finish. Immediately following the copy trial, the
stimulus and copy are removed. The examiner
provides a new blank sheet and asks the person
to reproduce the image from memory (immediate recall). After a delay of 15 to 60 min, the
memory trial is repeated to measure delayed
recall; within this time span, the length of the
delay appears to be inconsequential to recall
(Berry, Allen, & Schmitt, 1991).
The Rey uses an intricate stimulus that is
asymmetrical in its design. The complexity of
this stimulus seems to tax the upper range of
visual-spatial processing better than other geometric stimuli. As a product of this complexity,
This manuscript is an elaboration of a paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Neuropsychological Society in Orlando, FL in February, 1997.
Address correspondence to: Philip S. Fastenau, Department of Psychology (LD 124), 402 N. Blackford Street,
Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202-3275, USA. E-mail:
pfastena@iupui.edu.
Accepted for publication: July 21, 1998.
31
32
METHOD
Participants
The participants for this study were recruited at
three different sites, as part of other studies. For all
three sites, a stratified sampling procedure recruited community-dwelling adults with approximately equal numbers of men and women in every
age band. Participants were financially compensated for their participation. Volunteers with uncorrected visual or hearing impairment or with
impaired use of the preferred hand were not included. Based on a structured interview, volunteers
were excluded for history of cerebrovascular insult
(stroke or TIA), head injury with loss of consciousness exceeding 5-min duration, and chronic
substance abuse. Volunteers were excluded also
because of incomplete protocols.
An educational cutoff was also implemented.
Even though a concerted effort was made to recruit
people with lower education, there were very few
people (2%) who had fewer than 12 years of education after all three samples were assembled. People with fewer than 12 years of education score
significantly lower than those with 12 or more
years of education on a variety of neuropsychological tests (e.g., Bornstein & Suga, 1988; Hawkins
et al., 1993; Ross & Lichtenberg, 1997). Fastenau
and colleagues (Fastenau, in press-c; Fastenau,
Denburg, & Mauer, in press) have argued that this
can have dramatic effects on norms. Because the
least-educated population would be severely
underrepresented in the present sample, it would
be misleading to include these participants and to
suggest that these norms would serve that population equally well. Therefore, individuals with less
than 12 years education were excluded.
The first sample was selected from a larger
sample of 90 community-dwelling adults, who
were recruited from four religious organizations in
a city in the Midwestern U.S. The larger sample
was used in other published papers (Fastenau,
1996a, 1996b; Fastenau & Denburg, 1994; Faste-
33
34
RESULTS
For Copy, there was a main effect for age (p
.05, explaining 3% of the variance) and for education (p .05, explaining an additional 2% of
the variance), Multiple R = .23, p .005. For
Immediate Recall, there was a main effect for
age (p .00005, explaining 14% of the variance)
and for education (p .0005, explaining an additional 5% of the variance), Multiple R = .44, p
.00005. For Delayed Recall, there was a main
effect for age (p .00005, explaining 13% of the
variance) and for education (p .005, explaining
an additional 3% of the variance), Multiple R =
.40, p .00005. There were no interactions for
Copy, Immediate, or Delayed trials.
For Recognition Total Scale, there was a
main effect for age (p .00005, explaining 22%
of the variance) and for education (p .01, explaining an additional 2% of the variance), Multiple R = .49, p .00005. For Recognition Global
Scale, there was a main effect for age (p .0001,
explaining 8% of the variance) and for education
(p .001, explaining an additional 3% of the
variance), Multiple R = .32, p .00005. For Recognition Detail Scale, there was a main effect
for age (p .00005, explaining 23% of the variance) and for education (p .05, explaining an
additional 2% of the variance), Multiple R = .50,
p
.00005. For Recognition Left-Detail
Subscale, there was a main effect for age (p
.00005, explaining 18% of the variance) and for
education (p .05, explaining an additional 2%
of the variance), Multiple R = .45, p .00005.
For Recognition Right-Detail Subscale, there
was a main effect for age (p .00005, explaining
21% of the variance) but not for education (p >
.10), Multiple R = .46, p .00005. There were
no interactions for any Recognition scale or
subscale score.
Table 1. Raw Score to Scaled Score Conversions for the Rey and for the Extended Complex Figure Test Recognition Trial.
Midpoint Age = 40 (Age Range = 30 50; n = 48).
Recognition Scales
Copy
Immediate
Delayed
Total
Global
Detail
Left
Right
Percentile Range
2
3
4
5
6
022
22.525
25.5
2628.5
04
4.58
8.5
911
04
4.59
9.510
04
57
8
9
0
1
2
04
56
0
1
01
2
<1
1
2
35
610
7
8
9
2929.5
3030.5
3132.5
11.512.5
1313.5
1417.5
10.511
11.513.5
1416.5
1012
13
1415
3
4
7
89
1011
2
3
4
5
6
1118
1928
2940
10
3333.5
1820.5
1720
1619
1214
4159
11
12
13
3434.5
3535.5
2124
24.527
27.529.5
20.523
23.525.5
2629.5
2021
2223
15
1617
56
6071
7281
8289
14
15
16
17
18
36
3032.5
3333.5
3436
3031
31.532.5
3336
2426
2730
1819
2023
89
9
10
11
9094
9597
98
99
> 99
32.83
(3.10)
20.3
(7.42)
19.28
(7.29)
17.92
(5.63)
4.88
(1.79)
13.04
(4.29)
4.33
(1.95)
7.00
(2.21)
M
(SD)
Scaled Scores
35
36
Table 2. Raw Score to Scaled Score Conversions for the Rey and for the Extended Complex Figure Test Recognition Trial.
Midpoint Age = 48 (Age Range = 40 55; n = 47).
Recognition Scales
Copy
Immediate
Delayed
Total
Global
Detail
Left
Right
Percentile Range
2
3
4
5
6
013
13.519.5
2022
22.524.5
04
4.55.5
68
8.510
04
4.55
5.57.5
89
04
5
67
89
01
02
3
4
56
01
2
<1
1
2
35
610
7
8
9
2529.5
3030.5
3131.5
10.511
11.512.5
1315
9.510
10.511.5
1213.5
10
1113
14
78
910
3
4
5
1118
1928
2940
10
3233.5
15.518.5
1418
1517
1113
67
4159
11
12
13
3434.5
3535.5
1920.5
2123.5
2428.5
18.520
20.523.5
2426.5
1820
21
2223
14
15
1617
45
6
6071
7281
8289
14
15
16
17
18
36
2929.5
3031.5
3233.5
3436
2730.5
31
31.532.5
3336
24
2526
2730
18
19
2023
89
1011
9094
9597
98
99
> 99
31.79
(4.55)
17.87
(6.84)
17.13
(7.04)
16.60
(5.45)
4.62
(1.57)
11.98
(4.37)
3.70
(1.96)
6.66
(2.30)
M
(SD)
Note. 62% female.
Scaled Scores
Table 3. Raw Score to Scaled Score Conversions for the Rey and for the Extended Complex Figure Test Recognition Trial.
Midpoint Age = 53 (Age Range = 45 60; n = 43).
Recognition Scales
Copy
Immediate
Delayed
Total
Global
Detail
Left
Right
Percentile Range
2
3
4
5
6
013
13.519.5
2022
22.524.5
03.5
45.5
68
8.510
04
4.55
5.57.5
89.5
03
4
5
69
0
1
2
02
3
46
0
12
<1
1
2
35
610
7
8
9
2528.5
2930.5
3131.5
10.511
11.512.5
1315.5
10
10.513
13.5
10
1113
14
34
79
10
3
4
5
1118
1928
2940
10
3233.5
1619
1418
1517
1113
67
4159
11
12
13
3434.5
19.520.5
2125.5
2628.5
18.520.5
2124.5
2526.5
1820
21
2223
5
6
14
15
16
45
6071
7281
8289
14
15
16
17
18
3535.5
36
2929.5
3031.5
3233.5
3436
2730.5
31
31.532.5
3336
24
2526
2730
17
18
19
2023
6
7
89
1011
9094
9597
98
99
> 99
31.62
(4.61)
18.07
(7.11)
17.48
(7.11)
16.65
(5.61)
4.74
(1.77)
11.91
(4.43)
3.56
(2.00)
6.67
(2.36)
M
(SD)
Scaled Scores
37
38
Table 4. Raw Score to Scaled Score Conversions for the Rey and for the Extended Complex Figure Test Recognition Trial.
Midpoint Age = 58 (Age Range = 50 65; n = 57).
Recognition Scales
Copy
Immediate
Delayed
Total
Global
Detail
Left
Right
Percentile Range
2
3
4
5
6
013
13.517
17.522
22.524.5
03.5
45
5.5
68.5
04
4.55
5.57.5
03
45
68
9
0
1
02
34
0
12
<1
1
2
35
610
7
8
9
2528.5
2930.5
3131.5
910
10.512.5
1315
810
10.513
13.5
10
1112
13
3
4
56
7
89
3
4
5
1118
1928
2940
10
3232.5
15.517.5
1417.5
1416
1011
4159
11
12
13
3333.5
3434.5
1819.5
2021
21.523
1819
19.522.5
2324
17
1820
21
1213
14
15
3
4
5
7
8
6071
7281
8289
14
15
16
17
18
3535.5
36
23.525.5
2628.5
2931.5
3236
24.5
2527
27.531
31.536
22
2324
2530
16
17
18
1923
6
7
89
1011
9094
9597
98
99
> 99
31.17
(4.43)
16.55
(6.08)
16.44
(6.08)
15.77
(4.76)
4.82
(1.53)
10.95
(3.93)
3.05
(1.89)
6.32
(2.11)
M
(SD)
Note. 61% female.
Scaled Scores
Table 5. Raw Score to Scaled Score Conversions for the Rey and for the Extended Complex Figure Test Recognition Trial.
Midpoint Age = 63 (Age Range = 55 70; n = 77).
Recognition Scales
Copy
Immediate
Delayed
Total
Global
Detail
Left
Right
Percentile Range
2
3
4
5
6
017
17.523.5
2424.5
2527.5
03.5
45.5
68.5
03.5
47.5
88.5
03
45
67
8
0
1
2
02
3
4
0
12
<1
1
2
35
610
7
8
9
2829.5
3030.5
3131.5
910
10.511
11.513.5
910
10.512.5
1314
9
10
1112
56
7
1118
1928
2940
10
3233.5
1416.5
14.517
1314
89
4159
11
12
13
3434.5
1719
19.520.5
2122.5
17.518.5
1920.5
2123
1516
17
1819
1011
1213
6071
7281
8289
14
15
16
17
18
3535.5
36
2324.5
2526.5
2729
29.536
23.524.5
2526.5
2732
32.536
2021
2224
2530
14
1517
1823
67
89
911
9094
9597
98
99
> 99
31.94
(3.37)
15.52
(5.82)
15.91
(5.91)
14.38
(4.43)
4.71
(1.64)
9.66
(3.52)
2.70
(1.73)
5.39
(2.07)
M
(SD)
Scaled Scores
39
40
Table 6. Raw Score to Scaled Score Conversions for the Rey and for the Extended Complex Figure Test Recognition Trial.
Midpoint Age = 68 (Age Range = 60 75; n = 96).
Recognition Scales
Copy
Immediate
Delayed
Total
Global
Detail
Left
Right
Percentile Range
2
3
4
5
6
017
17.519
19.521
21.524.5
2527.5
03.5
45
5.5
68.5
03.5
45.5
66.5
78
02
3
4
56
78
02
3
4
0
1
<1
1
2
35
610
7
8
9
2828.5
2930.5
3131.5
99.5
1011
11.513
8.59.5
1011.5
1213.5
9
10
1112
5
6
7
1118
1928
2940
10
3233.5
13.516
1416
13
89
45
4159
11
12
13
3434.5
16.518
18.520
20.522
16.518
18.519
19.522
1415
1617
18
5
6
10
11
1213
3
4
6071
7281
8289
14
15
16
17
18
3535.5
36
22.524
24.5
2525.5
2629
29.536
22.524
24.5
2526
26.532
32.536
1920
2122
2324
2530
14
15
1617
1823
67
89
7
8
911
9094
9597
98
99
> 99
31.76
(3.63)
15.18
(5.58)
15.29
(5.57)
13.57
(4.43)
4.42
(1.69)
9.16
(3.45)
2.54
(1.78)
5.11
(1.87)
M
(SD)
Note. 56% female.
Scaled Scores
Table 7. Raw Score to Scaled Score Conversions for the Rey and for the Extended Complex Figure Test Recognition Trial.
Midpoint Age = 73 (Age Range = 6580; n = 102).
Recognition Scales
Copy
Immediate
Delayed
Total
Global
Detail
Left
Right
Percentile Range
2
3
4
5
6
014
14.519
19.521
21.523.5
2426.5
03.5
45
5.5
67.5
03.5
4
4.56
6.57
02
3
4
5
6
02
3
0
1
<1
1
2
35
610
7
8
9
2727.5
2829.5
3030.5
89
9.511
11.512.5
7.59
9.511
11.512.5
7
89
1011
2
3
45
6
7
1118
1928
2940
10
3132.5
1315.5
1315.5
1213
4159
11
12
13
3333.5
3434.5
3535.5
1617
17.519
19.521.5
1617
17.519
19.521.5
14
15
1618
910
11
12
5
6
6071
7281
8289
14
15
16
17
18
36
2224
24.5
2529
29.536
2223
23.525.5
26
26.532
32.536
19
2021
22
2330
13
1415
1617
1823
45
67
89
7
8
911
9094
9597
98
99
> 99
31.38
(4.00)
14.68
(5.49)
14.61
(5.58)
12.80
(4.44)
4.05
(1.77)
8.75
(3.35)
2.46
(1.73)
4.85
(1.74)
M
(SD)
Scaled Scores
41
42
Table 8. Raw Score to Scaled Score Conversions for the Rey and for the Extended Complex Figure Test Recognition Trial.
Midpoint Age = 78 (Age Range = 70 85; n = 83).
Recognition Scales
Copy
Immediate
Delayed
Total
Global
Detail
Left
Right
Percentile Range
2
3
4
5
6
014
14.519
19.521
21.522.5
2325.5
03.5
45.5
67
01.5
23.5
4
4.55.5
66.5
02
3
4
02
3
0
1
<1
1
2
35
610
7
8
9
2627.5
2828.5
2930.5
7.58.5
910
10.511.5
77.5
89.5
1012
6
78
910
1
2
4
5
6
1118
1928
2940
10
3132.5
1214
12.514
1113
78
4159
11
12
13
3333.5
3434.5
14.516.5
1718.5
1921
14.516.5
1718
18.520.5
14
15
1618
9
1011
12
2
3
5
6
6071
7281
8289
14
15
16
17
18
3535.5
36
21.523.5
24
24.5
2528
28.536
2122
22.524
24.525.5
2636
19
20
21
22
2330
1314
15
1623
45
69
8
911
9094
9597
98
99
> 99
30.87
(4.16)
14.01
(5.45)
13.64
(5.31)
12.08
(4.68)
3.80
(1.72)
8.29
(3.44)
2.30
(1.69)
4.63
(1.84)
M
(SD)
Note. 53% female.
Scaled Scores
Table 9. Raw Score to Scaled Score Conversions for the Rey and for the Extended Complex Figure Test Recognition Trial.
Midpoint Age = 80 (Age Range = 75 85; n = 49).
Recognition Scales
Copy
Immediate
Delayed
Total
Global
Detail
Left
Right
Percentile Range
2
3
4
5
6
014
14.519
19.522
22.524
03.5
45
5.57.5
01.5
24
4.5
56.5
03
4
02
3
0
1
<1
1
2
35
610
7
8
9
24.527
27.5
2828.5
8
8.510
10.511
77.5
89
9.511.5
78
0
1
2
45
2
3
1118
1928
2940
10
2931.5
11.514
1214
913
68
4159
11
12
13
3233.5
3434.5
14.516.5
1718.5
19
14.515.5
1617
17.519.5
14
1516
9
10
11
23
6071
7281
8289
14
15
16
17
18
3535.5
36
19.523
23.5
2428
28.536
2022
22.524
24.525.5
2636
1719
20
2130
5
6
1213
14
15
1623
4
5
69
811
9094
9597
98
99
> 99
30.14
(4.52)
13.67
(5.38)
13.17
(5.32)
11.47
(4.80)
3.45
(1.74)
8.02
(3.46)
2.27
(1.62)
4.51
(1.87)
M
(SD)
Scaled Scores
43
44
DISCUSSION
Research has been mounting for the Rey and for
the recognition and matching trials that supplement the Rey figure to comprise the ECFT. The
present study builds on the rapidly emerging
literature on these tests by providing norms from
a relatively large sample of healthy adults using
Table 10.
Extended Complex Figure Test Matching Trial Cutoff Scores (Percentile Rank), by Age and Education.
Younger
(Ages 30 65)
Subscale
Older
(Ages 66 85)
Less Educ
(12 14 Years)
(n = 39)
More Educ
(15+ Years)
(n = 62)
Less Educ
(12 14 Years)
(n = 65)
More Educ
(15+ Years)
(n = 45)
Matching Total
5th centile
15th centile
7
8
8
9
7
7
8
9
Matching Left-Detail
5th centile
15th centile
2
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
Matching Right-Detail
5th centile
15th centile
2
3
2
3
1
2
3
3
REFERENCES
Berry, D. T. R., Allen, R. S., & Schmitt, F. A. (1991).
Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure: Psychometric
characteristics in a geriatric sample. The Clinical
Neuropsychologist, 5, 143-153.
Bieliauskas, L. A., Fastenau, P. S., Lacy, M. A., &
Roper, B. L. (1997). Use of the odds ratio to translate neuropsychological test scores into real-world
outcomes: From statistical significance to clinical
significance. Journal of Clinical and Experimental
Neuropsychology, 19, 889-896.
Binder, L. M. (1982). Constructional strategies on
Complex Figure drawings after unilateral brain
damage. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology,
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