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KHANEWAL
The grid station has main 132 kv busbar. The six lines are connected with that
bus bar.
These lines divided with respect to different cities. The first line is called
multan main line. Second line is kabirwala. Third line is khachakhoh. Forth is
These six lines are used for incoming and outgoing but not use for loads.
The incoming means that power houses and a grid station provided the supply
to 132 kv busbar.
The out going means that 132 kv busbar provided the supply of these lines
The two lines e.g (kabirwala,perowal and fauji) are permanently connected to
the power houses these lines are use for incoming and out going. If these lines
are used for incoming they provides the supply to 132 kv busbar of grid
station khanewal. Khanewal grid station gets power directly to the power
Whenever one of these lines or both lies break the supply than these lines
used for outgoing lines. These lines provided the supply to power houses to
start them. The power house cannot start with out supply. When the power
house start then provided the supply, so these lines will be used for
incoming.
These two lines has same & equal in quantity protection equipments, such as
The other two lines e.g multan and kabirwala are connected with the power
houses.these lines are connected with grid stations.
The lines are also used for incoming and outgoing. When used for incoming
then these lines provides the supply to 132 kv busbar from two grid
stations. Whenever one or both grid stations that connected with multan and
kabirwala lines needs the supply from khanewal grid station then these lines
are used for outgoing to maintain the voltage at these grid station.The 132
kv busbar of khanewal gets supply other lines and provides to these lines
these too lines has equal quantity of protection equipment.
The protection equipment are isolator,circuit breaker,circuit breaker and
current transformer.
11KV FEEDERS
There are fifteen feeders used for outgoing supply only. these feeders used for
industries and consumer loads.
There are two lines used to connected the 132 kv busbar and 11kv feeders.
One of these lines has many protection equipments that are e.g isolator, circuit
breaker, CT lightning arrestor and power transformer.
The other line has same equipments and has same feeders connected.
These two lines are connected with 11kv feeders.
These feeders have also circuit breakers and current transformers.
In these feeders the vaccume circuit breaker are used each feeder contain one C.B
and C.T .
These feeders are e.g seed corporation, jafarabad, city no 2 kot mela ram, colony,
wahniwal, city no 1 cold storage, mahrshah, perowal, MES, capacitor, industrial
state.
All protection equipments are used on all lines for different protection methods.
Isolators used on no-load condition, circuit breakers are used for normal condition,
CT and PT are used for purpose of reading of voltage and current with meter,
lightning arresters are used to arrest the lightning.
DC BATTERIES
In khanewal grid station DC batteries are use to give supply for protection
equipments such relays.
The led acid battery used at grid station. Electrolyte for battery is hydro
sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
The led acid battery is made of hoppeck by Germany.
The quantity of batteries used at grid station is 55.
The ampere hour capacity of battery is 480 ampere hour.
The date of all batteries is 25/09/2004.
The float voltages are 119.5V.
CONSTRUCTION
POSITIVE PLATE:
To prepare positive plate grid frame is made of antimony and led. There is surface
of lead per oxide is use o outer side and positive plates becomes.
Its colour is dark brown.
It has two works first is to support actio material and is to pass current to the post.
NEGATIVE PLATE:
Its colour is grey.
The difference between positive and negative plates are the actio material is roughf
type.
SEPARATORS:
The separators are held between positive and negative plates for to protect the
short circuit. Because separator are insulater material.
The material use for separator are e.g glass wood, micro poric etc.
ELECTROLYTE:
The electrolyte is prepare with H2SO4 and water compound.
Both plates are immersed in the electrolyte
To prepare electrolyte we take 5% of water and 1% of H2SO4.during preparation
of electrolyte should be mix one drop step by step into water and a rod should be
used for mixing.
During process gloves, apron and gaggles should be used.
During preparation the temperature of electrolyte increase, so specific gravity
should check with hydrometer.
Normally the specific gravity is 1.205 to 1.215 if specific gravity is less than
correct value than we increase the quantity of H2SO4 should be increased but
higher value of specific gravity the water should be used in electrolyte.
Emergancy lighting used for battery with electrolyte has 1.2 specific gravity
ELEMENT:
The assembly of positive and negative plates in any cell is called element cell
BATTERY TERMINAL:
Battery has two terminals the positive terminal is long and has increase in area
than negative plate.
CELL CONNECTORS:
The cell connectors are used to connect the cell in series
CONTAINER:
The container has electrolyte and battery plates.
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
There are two simple leads strips immersed into H2SO4 electrolyte tank. If these
are connected with respect to the lamp in series with 115 volt dc source. The
current passes through these strips and produces gas bubble. After some time one
plate change its colour and other plate does not change its colour. During that
process the cell charged and volt meter show reading. When the cell discharge its
voltage reduced to 1.75 volt. After this the process of
voltage drop increased and voltage becomes zero. The positive plate colour
changes from dark brown to light brown and at last it colour return to its initial
state.
The positive plate has dark choclate that plate how is componently in spongy. Led
is negative plate maximum bubble exit from negative plate the bubbles are as a
reason of hydrogen gas but some bubbles also come from positive plate due to
oxygen gas the change metalic led into led per oxide. The negative plates can not
changes with chemical reaction. That plate change normally solid led to spongy
led. There is emf produced between these plates and cell will be charged.
EARTHING
All equipment used at 132 kv grid station all earthed.
Some equipments are placed in open but some protection equipment are