The 1930s: The Rise

of Fascism

1920s: Decline of Democracy

Italy

under Mussolini
Fascism

Russia

under Stalin
Totalitarian Communism

Germany

under Hitler
The Weimar Republic
Hyper inflation in 1920s
leads to the rise of Hitler

Fascism Ideas
The

state is absolute and supreme: the

individual is subordinate

The

states destiny should be to dominate

other nations/peoples

Cult

of the leader

Glorification

of war test strength and

prove destiny

Nazism
Fascism

+
Racial

hatred

And
Belief

of racial superiority

Timeline of Hitler and the Nazis

The Beer Hall Putsch

November

9, 1923

Nazi

military coup is
crushed

Hitler

spends 9 months
in prison

This

is when he wrote Mein

Kampf (My struggle)

Organizing the Nazi Party

1929: 12 seats in the Reichstag (out of 550)

1930: 107 seats

1932: 230 seats largest party

1933: Hitler becomes chancellor

1933: Hitler seizes control of Germany through the

Enabling Act

Adolf Hitler: Profile

Born April 20, 1889

Violent and abusive step-father

Dropped out of high school at age 16

He tried to go to art school and failed directionless

youth

Fought in WWI
- Ypres and Passchendaele
- Iron Cross

Germany Expands

1933: Germany walks out of disarmament talks

1934: Germany and Poland sign a non-aggression pact

1935: Germant repudiates the Treaty of Versailles

1936: Germany re-occupies the Rhineland

1930s: Germany rebuilds their military

1938: More than 50% of Germanys budget is spent on

military

All of the above violated the Treaty of Versailles

Appeasement
Countries

of the world followed this

policy of giving an aggressive nation
what they want while hoping that
their aggression will cease as they get
what they want and achieve their
goals. Sometimes this is at the
expense of justice.

Meanwhile in Germany

The Nazi party outlawed other political parties

The Nazi party created concentration camps

The Nazi party strips Jewish people of their rights

The Nazi party obtained total state control of society with

his Hitler Youth and propaganda

The economy began to improve under the Nazi party

Unemployment in 1932: 6 million

Unemployment in 1938: 164, 000

Meanwhile in Germany

Nazi Anti-Semitism

Nazis issued decrees denying the Jewish people basic

rights.

These included:

1.

Being able to hold public office

2.

Be employed in the media

3.

Work in farming or high schools

4.

Citizenship

5.

To marry those of German Blood

Meanwhile in Germany
The

Nuremburg Laws were:

- Part of a campaign of terror by the Nazis

- Were passed to strip the Jewish people of
their rights (civil, political, and human
rights)
- Encouraging attacks on the Jewish people

Nuremburg Laws Summary

Law for the protection of German blood and honour

No marriages between Jewish and subjects of the state of German or related blood

No extra-marital relations between Jewish people and subjects of the state of

German or related blood

No German blooded females under age 45 to be employed in Jewish households

Jewish people are forbidden from flying Reich flag or colours

Violations of these led to imprisonment or hard labour

Reich citizenship law

Subjects of the state enjoy the protection of the Reich and have obligations toward
it

Subjects prove they are faithful to the German people and Reich

For Example: Kristallnacht

November 9, 1938
The Nazis attacked synagogues and Jewish people
German authorities did nothing
Estimated 90 people killed
30, 000 + arrested and/or sent to concentration
camps
1000 synagogues burned
7000+ businesses burned or destroyed

Jewish
people
that
were
Arrested
During
Kristallnacht
Lined up
Before
Being
Taken
To a
Concentration
Camp

Lebensraum Living Space

The

Nazis supported Lebensraum (German for habitat

or liferoom) in order to gain living space

Displacing

inferior races for people of superior

races was a natural belief for the Nazis

They

justified it because they were overpopulating

their given territories (Treaty of Versailles designated
boundaries)

This

desire for living space violated several terms

that were established in the Treaty of Versailles

The

allies did not respond based on the treaty either

Appeasement

German Conquests before WWII:

Anschluss
Anschluss

Austria

March

1938

Germany
This

the connection of Germany and

forces the annexation of Austria

act by Germany was forbidden in the Treaty

of Versailles

Hitler welcomed in Austria

German Conquests before WWII: The

Sudetenland
September,

1938

Appeasement

from the allies again

Allies

give the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia to

Germany

Munich
Neville

agreement
Chamberlain, after meeting with Hitler

I believe it is peace for our time

Not

quite Neville, not quite.

Germany

soon took over the rest of Czechoslovakia

Germany in the Sudetenland

German Conquests Before WWII:

Nazi-Soviet Pact
Aug

1939
Hitler and Stalin shocked
everyone when they signed the
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

The Nazi-Soviet
Non-Aggression
Pact was signed
by
Representatives
from Russia
and Germany
Molotov
(seated) and
Ribbentrop (3rd
from the left
standing)

German Conquest Before WWII:

Poland
September

1939
Germany invades Poland
Hello WWII

Germany
Invading
Poland

Fascism in Other Places

Italy:

In 1936 Mussolini leads Italy to conquer

Ethiopia

(Ethiopia was a member of the League of Nations)

Spanish

Civil War: 1936-39

Fascist Italy and Germany help Spanish Fascists

to defeat government
Mackenzie-Papineau battalion (Canadians) went
to fight the fascists in Spain, most of them dies
Why did the League let this happen?
World powers were following isolationist policies to
protect themselves and their own interests

The Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion

Japan: The War in the Pacific

1931:

Japan captures Manchuria

Manchuria

was desirable because it was rich

in resources that Japan wanted

Manchurian

Crisis

1937: Japan attacks China beginning of

WWII in Asia

And

again, the world chooses not to intervene

Assignment: The Road to War

Timeline
Instructions:
1.

Read through notes on the build up to WWII

2.

On a fresh sheet of paper draw a timeline.

3.

Please include:

- Events that led to WWII

- Acts of aggression by either Italy, Germany or Japan
(Provide a one sentence summary for each act of
aggression)

Think Pair Share

Could

WWII have been avoided?

How

did appeasement play a role in

the outbreak of the war?

What

war?

should have been done to avoid