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General Aptitude
Q. No. 1 5 Carry One Mark Each
1.
Five teams have to compete in a league, with every team playing every other team exactly
once before going to the next round. How many matches will have to be held to complete
the league round of matches?
(A) 20
Answer: (B)
Exp:
(B) 10
(C) 8
(D) 5
2.
Answer:
(C)
Exp: From the statement, it appears that boy found it tough to adapt to a very different
situation.
3.
Ans:
Exp:
4.
Tanya is older than Eric. Cliff is older than Tanya. Eric is older than Cliff.
If the first two statements are true, then the third statement is:
Ans:
5.
(A) True
(B)
(B) False
(C) Uncertain
Choose the appropriate word/phrase, out of the four options given below, to complete the
following sentence:
Apparent lifelessness ___________ dormant life.
(A) harbours
(B) leads to
(C) supports
Answer:
(D) affects
(A)
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6.
A coin tossed thrice. Let X be the event that head occurs in each of the first two tosses.
Let Y be the event that a tail occurs on the third toss. Let Z be the event that two tails
occurs in three tosses.
Based on the above information, which one of the following statements is TRUE?
(A) X and Y are not independent
Answer:
(B)
Exp:
7.
Given below are two statements followed by two conclusions. Assuming these statements
to be true, decide which one logically follows.
Statements:
I. No manager is a leader.
II. All leaders are executives.
Conclusions:
I. No manager is an executive.
II. No executive is a manager.
(A) Only conclusion I follows.
Answer:
Exp:
(C)
Executive
L NL
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In the given figure angle Q is a right angle, PS:QS=3:1, RT:QT=5:2 and PU:UR=1:1. If
area of triangle QTS is 20 cm2, then the area of triangle PQR in cm2 is ________.
R
Answer:
Exp:
280
PQ 1 3 4
QT
2
2
QR 2 5 7
1
Area of le QTS SQ QT
2
1 1
2
PQ QR
2 4
7
1 2 1
PQ QR
4 7 2
1
Area of le PQR
14
1
A
14
A 14 20 280cm 2
given 20cm 2
9.
Answer:
10.
(C)
Right triangle PQR is to be constructed in the xy-plane so that the right angle is at P and
line PR is parallel to the x-axis. The x and y coordinates of P, Q, and R are to be integers
that satisfy the inequalities: 4 x 5 and 6 y 16. How many different triangles could
be constructed with these properties?
(A) 110
Answer:
(B) 1,100
(C) 9,900
(D) 10,000
(C)
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X1 4 X1 5
Exp:
Y1 6 Y1 16
X 2 9 chairs X1 X 2
Y2 10 chairs Y1 Y2
Total triangles 10 11 9 10 9900
Instrumentation Engineering
Q. No. 1 25 Carry One Mark Each
1.
The capacitor shown in the figure is initially charged to +10 V. The switch closes at time
t=0. Then the value of Vc (t) in volts at time t=10 ms is _____ V.
t 0
C 1F
R 10k
Vc (t)
Answer:
Exp:
3.67
RC
10e 100t
Vc 10 103 10e
2.
10010103
1
100
3.67V
The voltage (E 0 ) developed across a glass electrode for pH measurement is related to the
temperature (T) by the relation
(A) E 0
Answer:
3.
(B) E o
1
T
(C) E0 T
(D) E0 T 2
(C)
Let 3+4j be a zero of a fourth order linear phase FIR filter. The complex number which
is NOT a zero of this filter is
(A) 3 4j
Answer:
Exp:
1
T2
(B)
3
4
j
25 25
(C)
3
4
j
25 25
(D)
1 1
j
3 4
(D)
The property of a FIR filter is that if Zo is a zero then the remaining zeros are
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1
*
Z0
1
,
Z0
Z0 *,
4
3
25 j 25 ,
3 4 j,
4
3
25 j 25
The bridge most suited for measurement of a four-terminal resistance in the range of
0.001 to 0.1 is
Rs
(A) 0
RL
(B) R L R i
(C) R L
(D) R L R i
Answer: (A)
Exp: When load is constant, we should see for what value of resistance current will be
maximum and PR L max .
6.
A mass-spring-damper system with force as input and displacement of the mass as output
has a transfer function G(s) 1/ s 2 24s 900 . A force input F(t)=10 sin(70t) Newtons
is applied at time t = 0s. A beam from an optical stroboscope is focused on the mass. In
steady state, the strobe frequency in hertz at which the mass appears to be stationary is
(A) 5 /
(B) 15 /
(C) 35 /
(D) 50 /
Answer: (C)
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A light detector circuit using an ideal photo-diode is shown in the figure. The sensitivity
of the photo-diode is 0.5A / W. With Vr= 6V, the output voltage V0 1.0 for 10W
of incident light. If Vr is changed to 3V, keeping all other parameters the same, the value
of Vo in volts is __________ V.
R
Incident
light
V0
Vr
Answer: -1
Exp: Here Vo is independent of the value of Vr
It depends on the intensity of incident light.
8.
Output
(A) XY YX
(B)
(C) XY XY
Answer: (A)
Exp:
X Y XY
(D) XY XY X Y
9.
The value of
(A) 2i
Answer:
Exp:
(B) 0
(C) 2i
(D) 4i
(B)
Given
Let f (z)
1
z2
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Analytic part
Principal part
1
z
b1 0
dz 2i (sum of residues)
2i 0 0
10.
Answer:
Source
Vi
Voltmeter
Ammeter
3
Vx Vx I2%
R x 3%
I x I x 1%
Exp:
Rx
11.
The highest frequency present in the signal x(t) is fmax. The highest frequency present in
the signal y(t) x 2 (t) is
1
(B) f max
(C) 2f max
(D) 4f max
f max
2
Answer: (C)
Exp: Multiplication in time domain corresponds to convolution in frequency domain
(A)
x2 t x f * x f
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solutions, where p is
(A) r
(B) n
Answer: (C)
Exp: Given AX=0
A n n r
0 r n
(C) n-r
(D) n+r
(C)
Answer:
Exp:
f (x, y) dxdy
(B)
f (x, y) dxdy
(D)
f (x, y) dxdy
f (x, y) dxdy
(C)
f (x, y)dx. dy
yx
ya
(0,a)
(a,a)
x0
(0,0)
(a,0)
x 0 y x
14.
f (x, y)dydx
In the circuit shown, the switch is momentarily closed and then opened. Assuming the
logic gates to have non-zero delay, at steady state, the logic states of X and Y are
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Latching means X and Y will be fixed to same value, in this case it is not possible.
15.
Consider the logic circuit with input signal TEST shown in the figure. All gates in the
figure shown have identical non-zero delay. The signal TEST which was at logic LOW is
switched to logic HIGH and maintained at logic HIGH. The output
TEST
Output
For analysis point of view, assume delay of each gate is 10 msec. However we can take
any value.
By referring the circuit the upper input to the NAND gate is direct test signal.
The lower input to NAND gate is TEST but with a delay of 30 nsec.
Assuming the delay of NAND gate is 0. First draw output waveform (ideal case) then
shift that by 10 msec. i.e. introduce the delay.
Test
Test
with
delay
30n sec
Output with
delay 0
30 n sec
Output with
NAND gate
delay 10 n sec
0
10 nsec
40 n sec
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So we can clearly say that initial output change from high to low, then it changes from
low to high and then finally at steady state output is 1.
Note: Saying output is high (option A) will be wrong here. We are not interested to find
steady state output.
16.
A p-type semiconductor strain gauge has a nominal resistance of 1000 and a gauge
factor of +200 at 25o C. The resistance of the strain gauge in ohms when subjected to a
strain of 104 m m at the same temperature is _________ .
Answer:
1020
1
Exp:
R R
R 200 10 4 1000
20
GF
1
has zero initial conditions. The percentage
s 1
overshoot in its step response is _________ %.
Answer:
Exp:
100
% Overshoot e
18.
100 100
(B) a pyrometer
Answer:
19.
12
(C)
(B) 5 2
(C) 7 2
(D)
9 2
(A)
j
x
y
2xi 2yj
i
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at (1,1) 2i 2j
Le a 2i 2j
f
f
j 2xi 6yj
x
y
f (1,1) 2i 6 j
a 44 2 2
a
2i 2 j i j
2 2
2
i j
Magnitude of direction derivative 2i 6j .
20.
26 8
4 2
2
2
C2S
C1S
Signal
line
V1 sin 1t
C1G
CSG
(D)
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The torque transmitted by a cylindrical shaft is to be measured by using two strain gauges.
The angles for mounting the strain gauges relative to the axis of the shaft for maximum
sensitivity are
(A) 45o
Answer:
(B) 60o
(D) 180o
(C) 90
(A)
Exp:
45
45
22.
The output voltage of the ideal transformer with the polarities and dots shown in the
figure is given by
1: N
Vi sin t
V0
23.
(C)
1
Vi sin t
N
(D)
1
Vi sin t
N
(B)
First mark the mutual voltage polarity using dot convention (when a reference current
enters at dot of one coil, it generates positive polarity on dot terminal of other coil)
1: N
Using Transformer ratio
V2 N 2
Vi N1
V0
V2
V
sin
t
V
i
N
V2 V1 NVi sin t
Vo V2 NVi sin t
The filter whose transfer function is of the form G s
s 2 bs c
is
s 2 bs c
Answer:
(C)
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An apparatus to capture ECG signals has a filter followed by a data acquisition system.
The filter best suited for this application is
(A) low pass with cutoff frequency 200 Hz
(B) high pass with cutoff frequency 200 Hz
(C) band pass with lower and upper cutoff frequencies 100 Hz and 200 Hz for its pass band
(D) band reject with lower and upper cutoff frequencies 1 Hz and 200 Hz for its stop band
Answer:
(A)
Exp:
25.
The figure shows a half-wave rectifier circuit with input voltage V t 10sin 100t
volts. Assuming ideal diode characteristics with zero forward voltage drop and zero reverse
current, the average power consumed in watts by the load resistance RL is ____ W.
Vt
R L 100
Answer:
Exp:
0.25
10 2
V2
rms
R
100
0.25 Watt
10
Consider a low-pass filter module with a pass-band ripple of in the gain magnitude. If
M such identical modules are cascaded, ignoring the loading effects, the pass-band ripple
of the cascade is
(A) 1 1
Answer:
27.
(B) M
(C) 1 M
(D) 1
Answer:
Exp:
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given as Px (x) e x ; x 0
0 ; otherwise
and g x (x) e
3x
4
3x
4
e e dx
x
3x
e 4 dx
0
e 4 dx
0
e x / 4
1
4 0
4 e 1
4[0 1] 4
AX Bu, where A 1 2 and B 1 .
A system is represented in state-space as X
1
6
28.
Exp:
3
1 2 1
AB
6 22 1 21 6
Qc B AB
29.
1
3
0 6 3 0 3
1 6
platinum, are 1.9, 38.3 and 13.3 respectively. The magnitude of the thermo emf E
developed in the circuit shown in the figure, in millivolts is __________mV.
T2 50o C
copper
T1 0o C
constantan
T3 15o C
iron
T1 0o C
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Answer:
Exp:
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1.236
30.
The current in amperes through the resistor R in the circuit shown in the figure is
__________.
1V
1
1A
Answer:
Exp:
R 1
1
1V
(1)
Writing KCL at Q
I1 I3 1
(2)
I2
I1
R 1
1A
I3
(3)
Solution Equation 1, 2, 3
I1 0, I2 I3 1A
Current through R is I3 1A
Note: Strictly saying it is an ambiguous question as the direction of current is not
mentioned, so it could be 1A as well.
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In the circuit shown, the voltage source V t 15 0.1 sin (100t) volts. The PMOS
transistor is biased such that it is in saturation with its gate-source capacitance being 4nF
and its transconductance at the operating part being 1 mA/V. Other parasitic impedances
of the MOSFET may be ignored. An external capacitor of capacitance 2 nF is connected
across the PMOS transistor as shown. The input impedance in mega ohm as seen by the
voltage source is ___________ M.
VS
PMOS
2nF
Vt
Answer:
32.
2k
The probability that a thermistor randomly picked up from a production unit is defective
is 0.1. The probability that out of 10 thermistors randomly picked up, 3 are defective is
(A) 0.001
Answer:
Exp:
(B) 0.057
(C) 0.0107
(D) 0.3
(B)
q 1 p 1 0.1 0.9
n 10
33.
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Detector
Water
Source
Answer:
Exp:
So, %change
34.
I I
change
100 2 1 100 8%
Initial
I1
A beam of monochromatic light passes through two glass slabs of the same geometrical
thickness at normal incidence. The refractive index of the first slab is 1.5 and that of the
second, 2.0. The ratio of the time of passage of the beam through the first to the second
slab is _________.
Answer:
Exp:
0.75
We know, time
distance d
velocity v
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d1 v1 d1 v 2
d 2 v 2 v1 d 2
v2
v1
v2 2
v1 1
1 1.5
2 2.0
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t1
t2
d1 d 2 becauseof same
geometrical thickness
0.75
35.
v
0.7
In the circuit shown in the figure, it is found that VBE 0.7 V amnd VE 0V. If dc 99
for the transistor, then the value of RB in kilo ohms is __________ k .
10V
RB
VE 0V
10k
IE
10V
Answer:
93
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10V
Exp:
IB
10 0.7
RB
(1)
I E 1 I B
IB
0 (10V)
10mA
1k
RB
10
mA 99
100
100 A
VB 0.7V
VE 0V
9.3 9.3
106 93k
IB 100
FE
1k
10V
36.
sensor acting as
the capacitor of the tank is 100 kHz. If the sensor capacitance increases by 10%, the
output frequency in kilohertz becomes ________ kHz.
Answer:
Exp:
f1
95.35
1
2 LC
f2
2 LC 2 1.1LC
1.1
100kHz
f2
95.346 kHz
1.1
37.
Answer:
Exp:
(C)
Resolving power of a grating plate can be increased by increasing the number of slits.
i.e., by decreasing the grating period.
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38.
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A transfer function G(s) with the degree of its numerator polynomial zero and the degree
of its denominator polynomial two has a Nyquist plot shown in the figure. The transfer
function represents
lm G j
5j
4j
3j
2j
1j
0
0.3
Re G j
0.1
1j
Answer:
Exp:
0.1
0.2
(D)
1
s s 1
0
1
Magnitude M
1
2
1
2 1
270
270 90 180
For the circuit shown in the figure, the rising edge triggered D-flip flop with asynchronous
reset has a clock frequency of 1 Hz. The NMOS transistor has an ON resistance of 1000
and an OFF resistance of infinity. The nature of the output waveform is
VS
HIGH
1A
Output
CLK
2 F
0.1V
NMOS
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A
B
C
D
Answer:
Exp:
(A)
N-MOS behave as open switch (off state, R ) when Q 0 and it will behave as a
resistance of 1000 when Q 1 (as ON resistance is specified).
Now for analysis, assume capacitor is initially uncharged and a +ve edge is triggered
to D-flipflop, as its input is high. Then Q=1 and Q 0 .
* When Q 0 , N-MOS is off, assuming the input resistance of comparator infinite. Then
the source current can flow only through the capacitor. Now we have to see how much
time the capacitor will take to reach 0.1 V. So that V V and R will change from 0 to 1
and as the reset terminal will be triggered the state of flip-flop changes i.e. Q 0, Q 1.
and N-MOS gets ON. As the integration of step is ramp if we integrate the constant
current voltage will be ramp.
1 t
i c d
C 0
t
1
0.1V
1 106 d
6 0
2 10
t
0.1 t 0.2sec 200 millisec
2
Vc (t)
1A
V0
2 F
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Now the capacitor will discharge from its initial voltage with time constant RC 2ms
and at 10 it will react steady state i.e., at 20 m.sec. The nature of discharge is
exponential decay.
Vs
1A
2 F
1000
So we can conclude from the above analysis that capacitor takes 200 msec to charge upto
0.1V and 20 msec to discharge to the steady state value.
So if the +ve edge of clock appeared at t = 0 then at 200 msec it completed its charging
and at 220 msec it completed its discharging. This continues in each clock cycles.
The following waveform gives further clarity as fCLK 1Hz, TCLK 1000ms
CLOCK
500 msec
500 msec
Output
200 msec
0.1V
Discharging
(exp decay)
Ch arging (Ramp)
20 msec
Reset
40.
Consider the circuits shown in the figure. The magnitude of the ratio of the currents, i.e.,
|I1/I2|, is _____________.
5
3
2V
I1
I2
2V
Answer:
Exp:
By reciprocity theorem, I1 = I2
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So
41.
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I1
1
I2
The linear I-V characteristics of 2-terminal non-ideal dc sources X and Y are shown in the
figure. If the sources are connected to a 1 resistor as shown, the current through the
resistor in amperes is _________A.
SourceY
SourceY
Current A 2
SourceX
SourceX
0
0
Voltage V
Answer:
Exp:
1.75
The transfer characteristic curve and the circuit of a non ideal source is given below.
I
Vs
Rs
Rs
Slope
1
Rs
Vs
V
Vs
VY 3V
Vx 4V, R x 2
Y:
Vy 3V, R y 1
R x 2
R r 1
1
V 4V
x
42.
43
1.75A
2 11
The figure shows a spot of light of uniform intensity 50 W/m2 and size 10mm10 mm
incident at the exact centre of a photo-detector, comprising two identical photo-diodes D1
and D2. Each diode has a sensitivity of 0.4 A/W and is operated in the photoconductive
mode. If the spot of light is displaced upwards by 100m, the resulting difference
between the photocurrents generated by D1 and D2 in micro amperes, is _________ A.
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10mm
D1
Photo-
10mm
detector
D2
Spot of
light
Answer:
Exp:
40
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An ADC is interfaced with a microprocessor as shown in the figure. All signals have been
indicated with typical notations. Acquisition of one new sample of the analog input signal
by the microprocessor involves
Analog
Data
Bus
D7
D7
Input
Data linesD0toD7
D0
D0
RD
Address
Bus
Enablebuffers
Address
Decode
Logic
A15
A0
Start conversion
WR
INT
Endof conversion
Microprocessor
ADC
(C)
V1 1V
V0
RT
100
Answer:
Exp:
1.39
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R T R o 1 T
100 1 0.0039 100 139
45.
The signal x[n] = sin(n/6)/(n) is processed through a linear filter with the impulse
response h[n] = sin(cn)/(n) where c>/6. The output of the filter is
(A) sin(2cn)/(n)
(2) sin(n/3)/(n)
(C) [sin(n/6)/(n)]2
(D) [sin(n/6)/(n)]
Answer:
Exp:
(D)
where min ,
Output g n x n * h n
In frequency domain they will be multiplied.
46.
If the deflection of the galvanometer in the bridge circuit shown in the figure is zero, then
the value of Rx in ohms is ________ . .
100
200
100 100
50
G
100
Rx
2V
Answer:
Exp:
33.33
When the current through galvanometer is 0 then its 2 end voltage are same or we can say
the open circuit voltage across galvanometer is 0.
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100
100
200
100
Rx
100
200
100
Va
Vb
100
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100
Va 100
Vb
Rx
2V
2V
2
Vb
100
Rx
Rx
Va = Vb
2R x
1
100
100 R x 4R x R x
33.33
2 100 R x
3
47.
In the circuit shown in the figure, both the NMOS transistors are identical with their
threshold voltages being 5V. Ignoring channel length modulation, the output voltage V out
in volt is ___________V.
30V
NMOS
Vout
10V
Answer:
Exp:
NMOS
20
30 Vout 10 0
Vout 20V
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48.
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V
R
Vx
(A) (1-2)V
(C) (-1)V
(B) (1-)V
(D) V
Answer: (A)
Exp: Writing KVL as per the current direction
Vx R
2V
V0
R
R
R
2V
R
Vx
49.
An opamp has ideal characteristics except that its open loop gain is given by the
expression AV(s) = 104/(1+10-3s). This op-amp is used in the circuit shown in the figure.
The 3-dB bandwidth of the circuit, in rad/s, is
V1
V0
AV
9k
1k
(A) 102
(B) 103
(C) 104
(D) 106
Answer: (D)
Exp: Closed loop transfer function ACL
ACL
AOL
1 AOL
Here AOL
Ri
104
1
,
0.1
3
1 10 s
Ri Rf 9 1
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A CL
104
3
104
s
1 10
104 0.1 1 103 s 103
1
1 103 s
10
10
3
6
s
10 10 s 1
1 6
10
k
1 s
50.
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B.W 106
Answer:
22
Exp:
12 10
12
10
X f nf
32
12
12
32
So the overlapping is starting from 8 kHz onwards, but we want it should be from 10 kHz
onward because the uncorrupted is up to 10 kHz.
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32
51.
10
12
12
34
The circuit shown in the figure is in series resonance of frequency f c Hz. The value of Vc
in volts is _____________V.
10
1V
f c Hz
Answer:
Exp:
10
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0.1H
0.1F
VC
100
Under series resonance condition, voltage across L, C is Q times of the supply voltage.
VC QV
1 L 1
0.1
100
R C 10 0.1 106
Vc QV 100 1 100V
52.
2t
The fundamental period of the signal x t 2cos
cos t , in seconds, is
3
__________s.
Answer:
Exp:
H.C.F 2,
L.C.M 3,1
2
T 6 sec
T 3
53.
s 2 6s 10
. The angles of arrival
s 2 2s 2
(B)
(C)
(D)
5
6
(A)
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Exp:
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at a ve imaginary zero
s 3 i s 3 i
s 1 i s 1 i
3 i 3 i 3 i 3 i
2i
G 3 i
3 i 1 i 3 i 1 i 2 2i 2
G s
o
o
o
90 180 45 180o 135o
a 180 135 45
54.
The z-transform of x[n] = a|n|, 0<||<1, is X(z). The region of convergence of X(z) is
(A) z
(C) z
Answer:
(B) |z|>a
1
(D) z min ,
(A)
n
Exp:
1
x n n n u n u n 1
1
z ; z
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55.
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The number of clock cycles for the duration of an input pulse is counted using a cascade
of N decade counters (DC 1 to DC N) as shown in the figure. If the clock frequency in
mega hertz is f, the resolution and range of measurement of input width, both in s, are
respectively
N digit display
N digit register
Clock
Generator
LATCH
DC1
DC 2
DC N
E R
E R
E R
E R :Enable Reset
Pulse
shaping
Input pulse
2N 1
1
(A) and
f
f
(C)
Answer:
10 N 1
1
(B) and
f
f
10 N 1
10 N
and
f
f
(D)
2N 1
2N
and
f
f
(B)
Exp:
T
Input pulse
Clock pulse
TCLK
1
TCLK
f MHz
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10
T
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T 10 N 1 TCLK
N
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33