46 Our great God and Savior Jesus Christ

Last updated 9/17/15 this study is ten pages long.

Some understand Titus 2:13 to say that Jesus is our God and savior. This is understandable as several of the
translations write it this way, however some write it that Jesus is an additional being to God and others write it in a
neutral way where it could be understood either way. There is a fourth, and equally valid, way that seems to have been
overlooked by many where the entire emphasis is that Jesus is the glory of God and of Christ. The question is, what is
the accurate way to interpret Pauls meaning?
On the face of it the argument to show that Jesus is God might seem like a valid argument, however I will show that
this interpretation is an incorrect conclusion and that Titus 2:13 does NOT show Jesus to be God.
Your question to ask will be, is the final conclusion supported and proven by the rest of the study?
Whether you agree or disagree, in part or in whole, big or small, please email me any feedback to help improve this
study. I would also appreciate any help with its logic, grammar, typos, editing etc.
Before analyzing the passage in question in Titus 2:13, and the relationship of Christ with God, I am going to provide
some evidence that has to be taken into account when interpreting our passage.
Part 1A
Part 1B
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Part 7A
Part 7B
Part 7C
Part 8

Who is the Savior in the Bible?

Who is the Savior in Titus 2?
The Day of Judgment
Who is Great
Quoting Ezekiel.
Forty Three Different Translations
The Exact Greek Text Order
Granville Sharp's Rules
Do two Nouns Linked by "and," and preceded by a single article make them a single entity?
What if God and Christ are linked by "and," and both preceded by a definite article?
All Summaries and Final Conclusion.

Part 1A/ Who is the Savior in the Bible?

Some find it confusing that God is the savior and Jesus is the savior however, this is nothing new as God worked in
the same way throughout the Old Testament with the people of those times where numerous people were saviors.
Then God then made, sent, and brought His son Jesus to be the savior in the NT.
Isaiah 43:11 I, even I, am the LORD, and apart from me there is no savior (H3467/yasha.)
Without God there is no savior, God is the savior.
ESV 2 Kings 13:5 Therefore the LORD gave Israel a savior (H3467/yasha or moshea)
God sent a savior, the King of Assyria, who attacked the Syrians who had been attacking Israel.
There were several other saviors in the bible some who were said to work for God and others who may have.
Isaiah 19:20 It will be a sign and witness to the LORD Almighty in the land of Egypt. When they cry out
to the LORD because of their oppressors, he will send them a savior and defender, and he will rescue
them.
This prophetic passage from Isaiah shows that God would send a savior however, this does not mean God is not the
overall savior, or the savior being sent was God Himself. The savior he would be sending would be another, an agent,
to work on His behalf as in the OT.

Acts 13:23 From this man's descendants God has brought to Israel the Savior Jesus, as he promised.
God brought, or sent, Jesus to be a savior on His behalf.
1 John 4:14 And we have seen and testify that the Father has sent his Son to be the Savior of the world.
God sent Jesus, His son, to be the savior.
Acts 5:30-31 The God of our fathers raised Jesus from the dead whom you had killed by hanging him on a
tree. 31God exalted him to his own right hand as Prince and Savior that he might give repentance and
forgiveness of sins to Israel
God exalted Jesus as Prince and Savior.
God puts Jesus in place to give repentance and forgive sins to Israel?
Philippians 3:20-21 But our citizenship is in heaven. And we eagerly await a savior (G4990/Soter) from there,
the Lord Jesus Christ, 21who, by the power that enables him to bring everything under his control, will
transform our lowly bodies so that they will be like his glorious body
Vs20 Jesus the savior.
Vs21 A power enables Jesus to bring everything under his control. The power is from God.
Vs21 Jesus will transform our bodies to be like his. What does this mean??
What if Jesus had no power?
Hebrews 5:9 And being made perfect, he became the source of eternal salvation to all who obey him
Jesus is the source of eternal salvation because God made him perfect and made him the source, the savior.
1 Summary:
Isaiah 43:11
2 Kings 13:5
Isaiah 19:20
Acts 13:23
1 John 4:14
Acts 5:31
Phil 3:20-21
Hebrews 5:9

Without God there is no savior, God is the savior.

Numerous men were saviors throughout the bible, many on God's behalf.
Prophecy
God will send a savior
Fulfillment
God brought Jesus the savior
Post confirmation
God had sent Jesus as savior
God exalted Jesus as savior God now has the savior, Jesus Christ, at his right hand
The second coming
God will enable Jesus with power to return as our savior
What this all means
God made Jesus perfect and made him the source, the savior

The scriptures shown here are in a very specific order which identifies the process. First we have the prophecy, then
the fulfillment, post confirmation, exaltation, to the second coming of how God would implement the salvation of the
world through his Son, Jesus Christ.
See 37C Who is the Savior linked here: An in depth look at God as the ultimate savior but also using numerous OT
men to be saviors on His behalf. In the NT Jesus is a savior on God's behalf. It is important that this aspect of salvation
is fully understood and that you agree with it in order for Titus 2:13 to make more sense.

Part 1B Who is the Savior in Titus?

Titus 1:3 with which I have been entrusted by the command of God our Savior;
Titus 1:4 Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior
Titus 2:10 so that in everything they may adorn the doctrine of God our Savior
Titus 2:13.
Titus 3:4 But when the goodness and loving kindness of God our Savior appeared

God
Jesus
God
?
God

Titus 3:6 he poured out on us richly through Jesus Christ our Savior

Jesus

1B Summary:
In the book of Titus, outside of 2:13, God is the savior three times and Jesus twice.
If all five were referring to one or the other then it could have a telling impact on the meaning of 2:13.
It could be argued that the pattern in chapter one and three is that God was the first to be mentioned as the savior then
shortly after the title was given to Jesus. Therefore the same must be said about chapter two. Personally I support this
theory, we have the same author writing in the same book and in the same style, however I understand it doesnt have
to be that way and that argument is not completely valid.

Part 2/ The Day of Judgment:

The readers of the book of Titus were receiving instructions from Paul which included waiting for the Day of
Judgment. When examining the events that would happen at that time, it was written that God and Jesus were
identified as both coming together. This is written about in several other places.
Mark 14:61-62 Again the high priest asked him, "Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One?" 62"I
am," said Jesus. "And you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming
on the clouds of heaven."
Jesus says:
1/ I am the Son.
2/ The Son is next to the Mighty One, God
3/ The Son is coming with God
Both God and Jesus are coming together.
Jesus is coming with God and he is next to God, he cannot also be God otherwise these passages would say there are
two Gods. There are several passages that talk about Jesus being at the right hand of God, Mat 26:64, Mark 14:62,
Mark 16:19, Luke 22:69, Acts 2:33, 5:31, 7:55, and others.
Mat 20:23 and Mark 10:40 talk about the disciples being at the right hand of Jesus,
2 Summary:
The overall theme for the Day of Judgment is that Jesus and God will be coming to visit the people of the earth in
person, together, two of them. This is what Paul is telling the people in the letter to Titus, in vs13.
See my section 38 when God and Jesus return in the future linked here.

Part 3 Who Is Great?

Titus 2:13 appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ
The Greek word is transliterated megalou, given the Lemma megas and translated great.
Strongs number G3173
John 14:28 I am going to the Father, for the Father is greater than I.
The Greek word is transliterated meizon, given the Lemma megas, and translated greater.
Strongs number G3187
Summary:
Although we have different Greek words megalou and meizon the translators have given them both the Lemma of
megas which means great. John 14:28 tells us the Father is greater than the son, therefore it would not make any
sense for the son to also be the same great in Titus 2:13. It seems more appropriate to only address the father as
great in this context.

The argument lacks some strength because each passage uses different Greek words however, that is not what the
translators thought. Additionally for Jesus to be God and then to say the Father is greater than I is an argument all on
its own that is addressed in 01D The NT Father.

Part 4 Quoting Ezekiel

The appearing of the glory of God in Titus 2 is a fulfillment of several OT prophecies a couple of which are shown
here from Ezekiel. The term glory is in the book of Ezekiel 43 times referring to Gods glory. The term Son of
Man is in the OT 100 times, 88 of them in the book of Ezekiel referring to Ezekiel. In the NT Son of Man is used
83 times mostly by Jesus about himself.
Ezekiel 1:26 And above the expanse over their heads there was the likeness of a throne, in appearance like
sapphire; and seated above the likeness of a throne was a likeness with a human appearance.
28 Like the appearance of the bow that is in the cloud on the day of rain, so was the appearance of the brightness
all around. Such was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the LORD. And when I saw it, I fell on my
face, and I heard the voice of one speaking.
2:1 And he said to me, Son of man, stand on your feet, and I will speak with you.
Vs1 Ezekiel sees the visions of God some of which is a prophecy of the second coming of Christ
Vs28 The appearance of the likeness of the glory of the LORD
Vs28 The glory is referred to as it.
Ezekiel 10:4 And the glory of the LORD went up from the cherub to the threshold of the house, and the house
was filled with the cloud, and the court was filled with the brightness of the glory of the LORD.
The brightness of the glory of God filled the house.
Ezekiel 10:18-19 Then the glory of the LORD went out from the threshold of the house, and stood over the
cherubim. 19 And the cherubim lifted up their wings and mounted up from the earth before my eyes as they
went out, with the wheels beside them. And they stood at the entrance of the east gate of the house of the
LORD, and the glory of the God of Israel was over them.

4 Summary
It is important to confirm that the word glory cannot be exchanged for glorious and these OT sentences make
sense. The glory itself is what was appearing in the OT vision and it will be the glory that will be appearing in the
NT. The glory itself is a specific thing, perhaps in the same way as the "love of God" or the "grace of God."
A very important point to make is that the bible translations that say glorious appearing in Titus 2:13 rather than the
appearing of the glory have incorrectly changed the correct emphasis of what the passage is saying to us in its
quotation of the OT. "Glorious appearing" and "appearing of the glory" mean very different things.
There is an in depth study at 01F God and His Glory are coming to Live with the People linked here that looks at this
idea among others.

Part 5/ Looking at 43 Translation Differences:

As stated at the introduction some translations of Titus 2:13 read like Jesus is God, others read like Jesus is an
additional being to God, and yet others can be understood either way. Here is an examination of 43 different English
translations and whether they determine God is Jesus or not.
Titus 2:13
5a/ Jesus is God
Holman's

appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior,

Jesus Christ

NIV
WEB

appearing
of our great God and Savior,
appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior,

Jesus Christ
Jesus Christ

GW, ISV, NET, NASB, NIVUK, NIRV, NLT, NOG, NRSV, TNIV, WEB.
The word our is in front of the word great.
The comma is after God and Savior, thus making Jesus Christ the God and Savior.
The NIV has removed the words of the glory.
5b/ Jesus is Not God
21st KJV
appearing
of the great God
GNV
appearing of that glory of that mighty God,
Webster's
appearing
of the great God,

and our Savior Jesus Christ

and of our Savior Jesus Christ
and our Savior Jesus Christ

AKJV, ASV, AV, CJB, DR, KJV, NABRE, WYC.

In Websters and the GNV the comma is after God.
All have the words our in front of the word savior making the great God an additional being too, and our Savior
Jesus Christ.
Both Websters and 21st KJV have removed the words of the glory.
God is being described as our great, and Jesus is being described as the Savior.
5c/ Neutral
BBE
ESV
LEB

revelation of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ
appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ
appearing
of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ

CEB, CEV, Darby, DLNT, ERV, ESVUK, EXB, GNT, JUB, MEV, MOUNCE, NCV, NLV, NKV, RSV, YLT.
The word our is in front of the word great.
There are no commas.
Thus the sentence can be read either way.
5d Jesus is the Glory of God
Most of the translations can be understood in a fourth and very different way in that it is the glory that is the emphasis
however the translators who have removed the words of the glory have made a serious error because they have
removed that emphasis. The glory of God will appear and that glory is Jesus. If we read the passage with this
understanding then the comma needs to come after the word savior. If you believe this passage says Jesus is God, it
might be hard to see it in another light without some effort.
Other translations such as the AV, ISV, KJV, LEB, NET, NIV84, NKJV, and others that say the glorious appearing
rather than the appearing of the glory have also made a serious error in that the emphasis is very different. In one the
emphasis is the glory itself, in another the emphasis is not. To make this change some have changed a noun into an
adjective, this is a mistake.
With the emphasis now being on the word glory, it should be fairly easy to interpret either of the following
translations with or without the comma.
ESV Titus 2:13 appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ
Holman's
appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ
We are waiting for the appearing of him who is the manifestation of our God and saviors glory, Jesus Christ.
We are waiting for the appearing of the glory, of our great God and savior. The glory is Jesus Christ.
Not that the God and savior is Jesus Christ, but the glory of God is Jesus Christ. Once you get the hang of it, it is very
straight forward. The biblical support is as follows
Mathew 16:27 the Son of Man is going to come with his angels in the glory of his Father, and then he will
repay each person according to what he has done

Luke 9:26 the Son of Man be ashamed when he comes in his glory and the glory of the Father and of the holy
angels.
Daniel 7:13
John 8:43
Heb 1:3
Heb 2:7
Heb 2:9
Heb 3:3
1 Peter 1:21
2 Peter 1:17
Rev 5:12

The Son of Man was given glory by God

The Father glorifies Jesus
Jesus is the light of God's glory.
God crowned Jesus with glory and honor
Jesus was crowned with glory
Jesus has more glory that Moses
God the Father gave glory to Jesus
God the Father gave glory to Jesus
Jesus was slain to receive glory

Jesus is called the grace of God in Titus 2:11

Jesus is called the goodness and loving kindness of God our Savior in Titus 3:4
Jesus is called the righteousness of our God and Savior in 2 Peter 1:1
Glory Summary:
If we have the understanding that Jesus is Gods son, then he can also be said to be Gods glory. There is nothing
difficult in having this understanding. A natural reading of Titus 2:13 is to see that Jesus is not being described as "the
great God and Savior" but as "the glory OF the great God and Savior" since, after all, this is precisely how it reads. So
it is the glory that we are waiting for.
There is an in depth study at 01F God and His glory is coming to live with the people, linked above. There includes a
section showing that men are the glory of God which includes 1 Corinthians 11:7.
5 A-D Summary:
When examining the first three groups of translations shown here it is the comma and the word our that creates the
ambiguity as to whether it reads that Jesus is God or not. Therefore what is shown here, based on the forty three
different translations, things are certainly not clear one way or the other. Based on this passage alone, we cannot tell so
far whether Titus 2:13 says Jesus is God or whether he is an additional distinct being.
We should also assume that of those 29 groups of translators who did not translate the passage to say that Jesus is
God, there were many who thought that Jesus was God and yet they didnt translate this verse to say just that. Then we
have to ask, what was their reasoning for that?
Then we have the fourth interpretation that Jesus is the glory of our great God and Savior, and it is the glory that will
be appearing. This is a very strong argument.
All three ways of interpretation seem valid, however it can only be one that is sound and correct!

Part 6a/ The Exact Greek Text Order, Nestle Aland Critical Text.
,
Kai epiphaneian ho doxa ho megas theos kai soter ego lesous christos hos didomi heautou
appearing the glory the great
God and savior our Jesus Christ who gave himself
Of the twelve versions of original Greek texts that I have access to, all of them have precisely the same word order.
Eight have a comma after , UBS4, SBLGNT, NT Clausal Outlines, Lexham SGNT, NA27, Scrivener
1881, Logos WH, and Byzantine. Four do not have a comma after , Elzevir, Newberry Interlinear.
OpenText.org, and TR1550. Other than the commas mentioned, the texts are all in agreement

The original texts do not use a comma after the word God, if they did Jesus would be a separate being.
The original texts do not use a comma after the word savior, if they did Jesus could be God.
The word our is always in front of the word Jesus, never in front of the word great.
The words , and savior our are only written in this exact order here in Titus 2:13.
When reading the original Greek text order, it is likely that our pre conceived interpretation stop us from realizing that
any one of the three interpretations could be correct based on the Greek alone. Whichever you decide is the correct
way to understand it, take a few moments to reassess and persuade yourself that another way could be correct.

6b/ This is the order as per the NIV and ESV

Kai epiphaneia ho doxa ego megas ho theos kai soter lesous Christos hos didomi heautou
appearing the glory our great the God and savior
Jesus Christ who gave himself
This is the text order for the NIV and others that say God is Jesus, it is also the text order for the ESV and others that
have the neutral position. The issue here is why is the word ego/our moved from being positioned in front of the
word Jesus, to five places prior in the sentence before the word great.? Its movement, by some translators and not
others, along with an addition of a comma has created a major change in the meaning of the sentence. There is
absolutely no doubting that these two changes have created the difference in interpretation. If the word ego/our were
left in its original position, and the comma not inserted, it is unlikely that the sentence would not be claimed as
doctrinal proof.
6 A-B Summary:
When reading the altered texts by several of the English translators it is clear that they have caused the differences of
interpretation. When reading the original Greek text order, it certainly does not tell us if Jesus is God or if he is not
God. The Greek text is the word of God and not always the English translations which have been identified as not
being in agreement. It is the Greek text that has the last word and it is the Greek text that has nullified any claim that
Titus 2:13 say that Jesus is God. To me the original text reads that Jesus is an additional being to the great God, at the
very least the entire sentence is ambiguous and can be read either way.

Part 7A Sharps Rules

A Trinitarian theologian named Granville Sharp, 1735-1813, invented a grammatical set of rules regarding the
translation of the bible. One rule states that in biblical Greek, when two nouns are Linked by "and" and preceded by a
single article it make them a single entity. Therefore because of the sentence structure in Titus 2:13 where "the God" is
immediately followed by "and savior" it will always, according to Sharp, mean that "the God" is "and savior." This
rule is said to apply to other passages very similar passages such as 2 Peter 1:1, 2 Peter 1:11, 2:20, 3:2 and 3:18.
Another one of his rules says that if two nouns are each preceded by a single article and linked by and, then they are
distinct and individual beings.
Opposing Considerations:
1/ These rules were never spoken of during Christian debates for the first 1700 years of the Church.
2/ Most translation experts simply do not believe Sharp's Rule is a valid absolute rule! This is proven in part five
which shows that only a minority considered the passage to say Jesus is God.
3/ The NT writers sometimes wrote, for example, "The God of me" (with article) and "_God of me" (without article)
with exactly the same intended meaning. The definite article ("the") was ambiguous in such cases.
4/ When "Jesus" and "Christ" are in apposition to each other ("Jesus Christ" or "Christ Jesus"), they are nearly always
written without the definite article in the writings of Paul regardless of "Sharp's rule" or any other
grammatical/syntactical consideration
Summary:
It is my understanding that the first of Sharps rules stated is not valid or consistent and does not hold up under the
textual comparison shown in part 7. However the second rule stated does hold up under textual comparison.

7B/ Do two Nouns Linked by "and" and preceded by a single article make them a single entity?
Some say that because of the sentence structure in Titus 2:13 where "the God" is immediately followed by "and
savior" it will always mean that "the God" is "and savior." This supposed rule is known as Sharps Rule, or one of
them. From the following examples it is shown that this formula is not valid.
John 17:3 that they know you the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent
Acts 7:55 and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God
Rev 8:2 before (ho) God and seven trumpets
Each of these NT examples show that the quoted formula does not necessitate the supposed conclusion, otherwise
John 17:3 God would have sent himself
Acts 7:55 God would be standing next to God and we would have two Gods.
Rev 8:2 God would be the seven trumpets.
7 Summary:
Because of the passage structure shown in John 17, Acts 7 and Revelation 8, the supposed formula that two nouns
linked by "and" and preceded by a single article make them a single entity, cannot be valid.
Additionally, this rule could not have been understood or agreed upon by 29 of the 43 translations identified in Part 5
otherwise they would have all put the comma in the same place as the 14 who identified Jesus as God.
Close examination of this much used rule shows it to be a fiction concocted by a man who had a theological agenda
in creating it, namely to prove that this and other verses like it call Jesus God.

Part 7C/ What if God and Christ are linked by "and," and both preceded by a definite article?
If you are still of the opinion that the formula in 3a is still valid, despite proof to the contrary, then it would follow that
if the second noun is preceded by the definite article then each noun must be separate and distinct entities. This being
the case then the following passages shows that Jesus and God are those separate and distinct entities.
Rev 20:6

,
exousian
power

Rev 22:1

Rev 22:3

.
eti
longer

all
but

Esontai
Be

hiereis
Priests

ho
the

theou
God

Kai
And

Tou
The

christou
christ

ek
from

Ho
the

thronou
Throne

ho
the

theou
God

Kai
And

Ho
The

arniou
lamb

kai
and

Ho
The

thronos
Throne

ho
the

theos
God

Kai
And

Ho
the

arnion
lamb

kai
and

en
in

Rev 20:6 but they will be priests of God and of Christ

Rev 22:1 flowing from the throne of God and the lamb
Rev 22:3 but the throne of God and of the lamb
8 Summary:
According to the supposed formula, that if two nouns are linked by and and both preceded by the definite article,
these three passages in Revelation show that God and the lamb are distinct and separate entities, they show that God is

au
it

not Jesus. If this formula is correct then these passages are always in effect, and thus God and Jesus are always
distinct and separate entities, therefore the bible cannot ever say that Jesus is God otherwise it would contradict itself.

Part 8 All Summaries and Final Conclusion:

1A/

Isaiah 43:11 Without God there is no savior, God is the savior.

2 Kings 13:5 Numerous men were saviors throughout the bible, many on God's behalf.
Isaiah 19:20 Prophecy
God will send a savior
Acts 13:23
Fulfillment
God brought Jesus the savior
1 John 4:14 Post confirmation
God had sent Jesus as savior
Acts 5:31
God exalted Jesus as savior God now has the savior, Jesus Christ, at his right hand
Phil 3:20-21 The second coming
God will enable Jesus with power to return as our savior
Hebrews 5:9 What this all means
God made Jesus perfect and made him the source, the savior

The scriptures shown here are in a very specific order which identifies the process. First we have the prophecy, then
the fulfillment, post confirmation, exaltation, to the second coming of how God would implement the salvation of the
world through his Son, Jesus Christ.
1B/

In the book of Titus, outside of 2:13, God is the savior three times and Jesus twice.
If all five were referring to one or the other then it could have an impact on the meaning of 2:13.
It could be argued that the pattern in chapter one and three were that God was the first to be mentioned as the
savior then shortly after the title was given to Jesus. Therefore the same must be said about chapter two.
Personally I support this theory, we have the same author writing in the same book and in the same style,
however I understand the argument is not completely valid.

2/

The overall theme for the Day of Judgment is that Jesus and God will be coming to visit the people of the earth
in person, together, two of them. This is what Paul is telling the people in the letter to Titus, in vs13.
See my section 38 when God and Jesus return in the future.

3/

Although we have different Greek words megalou and meizon the translators have given them both the Lemma
of megas which means great. John 14:28 tells us the Father is greater than the son, therefore it would not
make any sense for the son to also be great in Titus 2:13. It seems more appropriate to address the father as
great in this context.
The argument lacks some strength because each passage uses different Greek words however, that is not what
the translators thought. Additionally for Jesus to be God and then to say the Father is greater than I is an
argument on its own that is addressed elsewhere.

4/

It is important to acknowledge that the word glory cannot be exchanged for glorious and these OT
sentences make sense. The glory itself is what was appearing in the OT vision and it will be the glory that
will be appearing in the NT. The glory itself is a specific thing, in addition to God. The bible translations that
say glorious appearing in Titus 2:13 rather than the appearing of the glory have changed the correct
emphasis of what the passage is saying to us.

5/

When examining the first three groups of translations shown here it is the comma and the word our that
creates the ambiguity as to whether it reads that Jesus is God or not. Therefore what is shown here, based on
the forty three different translations, things are certainly not clear one way or the other. Based on this passage
alone, we cannot tell so far whether Titus 2:13 says Jesus is God or whether he is an additional distinct being.
We should also assume that of those 29 groups of translators who did not translate the passage to say that Jesus
is God, there were many who thought that Jesus was God and yet they didnt translate this verse to say just
that. Then we have to ask, what was their reasoning for that?

Then we have the fourth interpretation that Jesus is the glory of our great God and Savior, and it is the glory
that will be appearing. This is a very strong argument.
All three ways of interpretation seem valid, however it can only be one that is sound and correct!
6A-B/ When reading the altered texts by several of the English translators it is clear that they have caused the
differences of interpretation. When reading the original Greek text order, it certainly does not tell us if Jesus is
God or if he is not God. The Greek text is the word of God and not always the English translations which have
been identified as not being in agreement. It is the Greek text that has the last word and it is the Greek text that
has nullified any claim that Titus 2:13 say that Jesus is God. If anything the original text reads that Jesus is an
additional being to the great God, at the very least the entire sentence is ambiguous and can be read either way.
7A/

Because of the passage structure shown in John 17, Acts 7 and Revelation 8, the supposed formula that two
nouns linked by "and" and preceded by a single article make them a single entity, cannot be valid.
Additionally, this rule could not have been understood or agreed upon by 29 of the 43 translations identified in
Part 3 otherwise they would have all put the comma in the same place as the 14 who identified Jesus as God.
Close examination of this much used rule shows it to be a fiction concocted by a man who had a theological
agenda in creating it, namely to prove that the verses we are examining in this chapter call Jesus God.

7B/

According to the supposed formula, that if two nouns are linked by and and both preceded by the definite
article, these three passages in Revelation show that God and the lamb are distinct and separate entities, they
show that God is not Jesus. If this formula is correct then these passages are always in effect, and thus God
and Jesus are always distinct and separate entities, therefore the bible cannot ever say that Jesus is God
otherwise it would contradict itself.

Final Conclusion:
Throughout the bible there are numerous men who were saviors, many of them on God's behalf. However God is
always the ultimate and final savior, without him the men would not be saviors. The bible then prophecies God
sending Jesus to be a savior on his behalf, this is fulfilled through scripture. At the end times God and Jesus will return
together to deliver our salvation.
There is no doubt that Titus 2:13 is an ambiguous passage. Of forty three translators they are fairly equally divided,
many say Jesus is God and many do not. I have identified three very legitimate ways the passage can be understood,
each with strong support. The "Sharps rule" formula that is supposed to add strength to the Jesus is God argument
actually works against that idea.
Here in the translations of Titus 2:13 we have a variant, and even with the supporting evidence it is still hard to
determine which of these three interpretations is correct.
A/ The appearing of our God and Savior who is Jesus Christ
B/ The appearing of our God, along with our Savior who is Jesus Christ.
C/ The appearing of the glory of our God and Savior. The glory is Jesus Christ.
Personally I prefer C or B, in that order.
Therefore, because of the evidence provided here, and the ambiguity of the passage, Titus 2:13 does not show that
Jesus is God.