4(+&

NQ TGSWKGTGP 7PC FG NCU XGPVCLCU FGN WUQ FG TCFKQHTGEWGP

EKC
GP NWICT RQT GLGORNQ FG KPHTCTTQLQU GU SWG PQ UG
TGSWKGTG XKUKP FKTGEVC GPVTG GOKUQT [ TGEGRVQT

1 Antecedentes
'P NC CEVWCNKFCF NC VGEPQNQIC OU GZVGPFKFC RCTC NC
KFGPVKECEKP FG QDLGVQU GU NC FG NQU EFKIQU FG DCTTCU
5KP GODCTIQ UVQU RTGUGPVCP CNIWPCU FGUXGPVCLCU EQOQ
NC GUECUC ECPVKFCF FG FCVQU SWG RWGFGP CNOCEGPCT [ NC
KORQUKDKNKFCF FG UGT TGRTQITCOCFQU .C OGLQTC KFGCFC
EQPUVKVW[ GN QTKIGP FG NC VGEPQNQIC 4(+& EQPUKUVC GP
WUCT EJKRU FG UKNKEKQ SWG RWFKGTCP VTCPUHGTKT NQU FCVQU SWG
CNOCEGPCDCP CN NGEVQT UKP EQPVCEVQ HUKEQ FG HQTOC GSWK
XCNGPVG C NQU NGEVQTGU FG KPHTCTTQLQU WVKNK\CFQU RCTC NGGT
NQU EFKIQU FG DCTTCU=?

6OB FUJRVFUB 3'*% &1$ FO VTP QPS 8BM.BSU

2 Historia
5G JC UWIGTKFQ SWG GN RTKOGT FKURQUKVKXQ EQPQEKFQ UKOK
NCT C 4(+& RWFQ JCDGT UKFQ WPC JGTTCOKGPVC FG GURKQPCLG
KPXGPVCFC RQT .QP 6JGTGOKP RCTC GN IQDKGTPQ UQXKVKEQ
GP  'N FKURQUKVKXQ FG 6JGTGOKP GTC WP FKURQUKVKXQ
FG GUEWEJC UGETGVQ RCUKXQ PQ WPC GVKSWGVC FG KFGPVKEC
EKP RQT NQ SWG GUVC CRNKECEKP GU FWFQUC 5GIP CNIW
PCU HWGPVGU=? NC VGEPQNQIC WUCFC GP 4(+& JCDTC GZKU
$IJQ 3E QBTJWP FODBQTVMBEP QBSB VTP FO VOJGPSNFT Z TFDUPS VKFQ FGUFG EQOKGP\QU FG NQU CQU  FGUCTTQNNCFC RQT
GN /+6 [ WUCFC GZVGPUKXCOGPVG RQT NQU DTKVPKEQU GP NC
UFYUJM &TQFDJBM SFTJTUFODJB QBSB MBWBOEFSBT WFS TFDUPS UFYUJM

5GIWPFC )WGTTC /WPFKCN
HWGPVG SWG GUVCDNGEG SWG NQU
TJTUFNBT 4(+& JCP GZKUVKFQ FGUFG PCNGU FG NQU CQU 
RFID
UKINCU FG 3BEJP 'SFRVFODZ *%FOUJDBUJPO GP GU
RCQN identicacin por radiofrecuencia GU WP UKUVG [ SWG UNQ TGEKGPVGOGPVG UG JCDC RQRWNCTK\CFQ ITCEKCU C
NCU TGFWEEKQPGU FG EQUVQU
OC FG CNOCEGPCOKGPVQ [ TGEWRGTCEKP FG FCVQU TGOQVQ
SWG WUC FKURQUKVKXQU FGPQOKPCFQU etiquetas tarjetas 7PC VGEPQNQIC UKOKNCT GN VTCPURQPFGFQT FG +(( HWG KP
transpondedores Q tags RFID 'N RTQRUKVQ HWPFCOGP XGPVCFC RQT NQU DTKVPKEQU GP  [ HWG WVKNK\CFC FG HQT
VCN FG NC VGEPQNQIC 4(+& GU VTCPUOKVKT NC KFGPVKFCF FG OC TWVKPCTKC RQT NQU CNKCFQU GP NC 5GIWPFC )WGTTC /WP
WP QDLGVQ
UKOKNCT C WP POGTQ FG UGTKG PKEQ OGFKCPVG FKCN RCTC KFGPVKECT NQU CGTQRNCPQU EQOQ COKIQU Q GPGOK
QPFCU FG TCFKQ .CU VGEPQNQICU 4(+& UG CITWRCP FGPVTQ IQU 5G VTCVC RTQDCDNGOGPVG FG NC VGEPQNQIC EKVCFC RQT NC
FG NCU FGPQOKPCFCU Auto ID
BVUPNBUJD JEFOUJDBUJPO Q HWGPVG CPVGTKQT
KFGPVKECEKP CWVQOVKEC
1VTQ VTCDCLQ VGORTCPQ SWG VTCVC GN 4(+& GU GN CTVEWNQ
.CU GVKSWGVCU 4(+&
4(+& 6CI GP KPINU UQP WPQU FKU
RQUKVKXQU RGSWGQU UKOKNCTGU C WPC RGICVKPC SWG RWGFGP
UGT CFJGTKFCU Q KPEQTRQTCFCU C WP RTQFWEVQ WP CPKOCN
Q WPC RGTUQPC %QPVKGPGP CPVGPCU RCTC RGTOKVKTNGU TGEK
DKT [ TGURQPFGT C RGVKEKQPGU RQT TCFKQHTGEWGPEKC FGUFG WP
GOKUQTTGEGRVQT 4(+& .CU GVKSWGVCU RCUKXCU PQ PGEGUKVCP
CNKOGPVCEKP GNEVTKEC KPVGTPC OKGPVTCU SWG NCU CEVKXCU U

FG  FG *CTT[ 5VQEMOCP VKVWNCFQ %QOWPKECEKP RQT

OGFKQ FG NC GPGTIC TGGLCFC
#EVCU FGN +4' RR 
 QEVWDTG FG  5VQEMOCP RTGFKLQ SWG  GN VTC
DCLQ EQPUKFGTCDNG FG KPXGUVKICEKP [ FG FGUCTTQNNQ VKGPG
SWG UGT TGCNK\CFQ CPVGU FG SWG NQU RTQDNGOCU DUKEQU TGU
VCPVGU GP NC EQOWPKECEKP FG NC GPGTIC TGGLCFC UG UQNW
EKQPGP [ CPVGU FG SWG GN ECORQ FG CRNKECEKQPGU VKNGU UG

 5*104 %& &5*26&5"4 3'*%

GZRNQTG *KEKGTQP HCNVC VTGKPVC CQU FG CXCPEGU GP OWNVK

VWF FG ECORQU FKXGTUQU CPVGU FG SWG 4(+& UG EQPXKTVKGTC
GP WPC TGCNKFCF=?

Arquitectura

'N OQFQ FG HWPEKQPCOKGPVQ FG NQU UKUVGOCU 4(+& GU UKO

RNG .C GVKSWGVC 4(+& SWG EQPVKGPG NQU FCVQU FG KFGPVK
ECEKP FGN QDLGVQ CN SWG UG GPEWGPVTC CFJGTKFQ IGPGTC
WPC UGCN FG TCFKQHTGEWGPEKC EQP FKEJQU FCVQU 'UVC UGCN
RWGFG UGT ECRVCFC RQT WP NGEVQT 4(+& GN EWCN UG GPECTIC
FG NGGT NC KPHQTOCEKP [ RCUCTNC GP HQTOCVQ FKIKVCN C NC $PNQBSBDJO EF VO DIJQ 3'*% DPO BOUFOB Z VOB NPOFEB EF VO
&VSP
CRNKECEKP GURGEEC SWG WVKNK\C 4(+&
7P UKUVGOC 4(+& EQPUVC FG NQU UKIWKGPVGU VTGU EQORQPGP
VGU
TC Q RCUKXQU .CU GVKSWGVCU RCUKXCU PQ TGSWKGTGP PKPIW
PC HWGPVG FG CNKOGPVCEKP KPVGTPC [ UQP FKURQUKVKXQU RW
Etiqueta RFID Q transpondedor EQORWGUVC RQT TCOGPVG RCUKXQU
UNQ UG CEVKXCP EWCPFQ WP NGEVQT UG GP
WPC CPVGPC WP VTCPUFWEVQT TCFKQ [ WP OCVGTKCN GP EWGPVTC EGTEC RCTC UWOKPKUVTCTNGU NC GPGTIC PGEGUCTKC
ECRUWNCFQ Q EJKR 'N RTQRUKVQ FG NC CPVGPC GU RGTOK .QU QVTQU FQU VKRQU PGEGUKVCP CNKOGPVCEKP VRKECOGPVG
VKTNG CN EJKR GN EWCN EQPVKGPG NC KPHQTOCEKP VTCPU WPC RKNC RGSWGC
OKVKT NC KPHQTOCEKP FG KFGPVKECEKP FG NC GVKSWGVC .C ITCP OC[QTC FG NCU GVKSWGVCU 4(+& UQP RCUKXCU SWG
'ZKUVGP XCTKQU VKRQU FG GVKSWGVCU 'N EJKR RQUGG WPC UQP OWEJQ OU DCTCVCU FG HCDTKECT [ PQ PGEGUKVCP DCVGTC
OGOQTKC KPVGTPC EQP WPC ECRCEKFCF SWG FGRGPFG FGN 'P  GUVCU GVKSWGVCU VGPCP WP RTGEKQ FGUFG  GP
OQFGNQ [ XCTC FG WPC FGEGPC C OKNNCTGU FG D[VGU ITCPFGU RGFKFQU RCTC GVKSWGVCU KPVGNKIGPVGU UGIP GN HQT
'ZKUVGP XCTKQU VKRQU FG OGOQTKC
OCVQ [ FG  RCTC GVKSWGVCU TIKFCU WUCFQU HTGEWGP
Solo lectura GN EFKIQ FG KFGPVKECEKP SWG VGOGPVG GP GN UGEVQT VGZVKN GPECRUWNCFQU GP 22U Q GRQ
EQPVKGPG GU PKEQ [ GU RGTUQPCNK\CFQ FWTCPVG ZK 'N OGTECFQ FG 4(+& WPKXGTUCN FG RTQFWEVQU KPFKXK
FWCNGU UGT EQOGTEKCNOGPVG XKCDNG EQP XQNOGPGU OW[
NC HCDTKECEKP FG NC GVKSWGVC
ITCPFGU FG  OKNNQPGU FG WPKFCFGU CN CQ NNGXCP
De lectura y escritura NC KPHQTOCEKP FG FQ GN EQUVG FG RTQFWEEKP C OGPQU FG  UGIP WP
KFGPVKECEKP RWGFG UGT OQFKECFC RQT GN NGE HCDTKECPVG=DJUB SFRVFSJEB? .C FGOCPFC CEVWCN FG EJKRU FG EKT
VQT
EWKVQU KPVGITCFQU EQP 4(+& PQ GUV EGTEC FG UQRQTVCT GUG
Anticolisin 5G VTCVC FG GVKSWGVCU GURGEKCNGU EQUVG .QU CPCNKUVCU FG NCU EQORCCU KPFGRGPFKGPVGU FG
SWG RGTOKVGP SWG WP NGEVQT KFGPVKSWG XCTKCU KPXGUVKICEKP EQOQ )CTVPGT CPF (QTTGUVGT 4GUGCTEJ EQP
CN OKUOQ VKGORQ
JCDKVWCNOGPVG NCU GVKSWGVCU XKGPGP GP SWG WP PKXGN FG RTGEKQ FG OGPQU FG 
EQP
FGDGP GPVTCT WPC C WPC GP NC \QPC FG EQDGTVWTC WP XQNWOGP FG RTQFWEEKP FG  OKNNQPGU FG WPKFC
FGU UNQ UG RWGFG NQITCT GP WPQU  W  CQU=DJUB SFRVFSJEB? NQ
FGN NGEVQT
SWG NKOKVC NQU RNCPGU C EQTVQ RNC\Q RCTC WPC CFQREKP GZ
Lector de RFID Q transceptor EQORWGUVQ RQT WPC VGPUC FG NCU GVKSWGVCU 4(+& RCUKXCU 1VTQU CPCNKUVCU ETGGP
CPVGPC WP VTCPUEGRVQT [ WP FGEQFKECFQT 'N NGEVQT SWG GUQU RTGEKQU UGTCP CNECP\CDNGU FGPVTQ FG  CQU
GPXC RGTKFKECOGPVG UGCNGU RCTC XGT UK JC[ CNIWPC
GVKSWGVC GP UWU KPOGFKCEKQPGU %WCPFQ ECRVC WPC UG
CN FG WPC GVKSWGVC
NC EWCN EQPVKGPG NC KPHQTOCEKP
FG KFGPVKECEKP FG GUVC GZVTCG NC KPHQTOCEKP [ UG
NC RCUC CN UWDUKUVGOC FG RTQEGUCOKGPVQ FG FCVQU

Subsistema de procesamiento de datos o

Middleware RFID RTQRQTEKQPC NQU OGFKQU FG
RTQEGUQ [ CNOCEGPCOKGPVQ FG FCVQU

# RGUCT FG SWG NCU XGPVCLCU GP EWCPVQ CN EQUVG FG NCU

GVKSWGVCU 4(+& RCUKXCU EQP TGURGEVQ C NCU CEVKXCU UQP UKI
PKECVKXCU QVTQU HCEVQTGU KPENW[GPFQ GZCEVKVWF HWPEKQ
PCOKGPVQ GP EKGTVQU CODKGPVGU EQOQ EGTEC FGN CIWC Q OG
VCN [ CDKNKFCF JCEGP SWG GN WUQ FG GVKSWGVCU CEVKXCU UGC
OW[ EQOP JQ[ GP FC

Tipos de etiquetas RFID

$CEMUECVVGT FO 3'*%

.CU GVKSWGVCU 4(+& RWGFGP UGT CEVKXCU UGOKRCUKXCU

VCO
DKP EQPQEKFQU EQOQ UGOKCEVKXQU Q CUKUVKFQU RQT DCVG 2CTC EQOWPKECTUG NCU GVKSWGVCU TGURQPFGP C RGVKEKQPGU Q



&UJRVFUBT BDUJWBT

RTGIWPVCU IGPGTCPFQ UGCNGU SWG C UW XG\ PQ FGDGP KPVGT

HGTKT EQP NCU VTCPUOKUKQPGU FGN NGEVQT [C SWG NCU UGCNGU
SWG NNGICP FG NCU GVKSWGVCU RWGFGP UGT OW[ FDKNGU [ JCP
FG RQFGT FKUVKPIWKTUG #FGOU FG NC TGGZKP Q CBDLTDBU
UFS RWGFG OCPKRWNCTUG GN ECORQ OCIPVKEQ FGN NGEVQT RQT
OGFKQ FG VEPKECU FG OQFWNCEKP FG ECTIC 'N DCEMUECV
VGT UG WUC VRKECOGPVG GP GN ECORQ NGLCPQ [ NC OQFWNCEKP
FG ECTIC GP GN ECORQ RTZKOQ
C FKUVCPEKCU FG WPCU RQECU
XGEGU NC NQPIKVWF FG QPFC FGN NGEVQT

4.1 Etiquetas pasivas

.CU GVKSWGVCU RCUKXCU PQ RQUGGP CNKOGPVCEKP GNEVTKEC
.C UGCN SWG NGU NNGIC FG NQU NGEVQTGU KPFWEG WPC EQTTKGPVG
GNEVTKEC RGSWGC [ UWEKGPVG RCTC QRGTCT GN EKTEWKVQ KPVG
ITCFQ %/15 FG NC GVKSWGVC FG HQTOC SWG RWGFG IGPGTCT
[ VTCPUOKVKT WPC TGURWGUVC .C OC[QTC FG NCU GVKSWGVCU RC
UKXCU WVKNK\C CBDLTDBUUFS UQDTG NC RQTVCFQTC TGEKDKFC GUVQ
GU NC CPVGPC JC FG GUVCT FKUGCFC RCTC QDVGPGT NC GPGT
IC PGEGUCTKC RCTC HWPEKQPCT C NC XG\ SWG RCTC VTCPUOK
VKT NC TGURWGUVC RQT DCEMUECVVGT 'UVC TGURWGUVC RWGFG UGT
EWCNSWKGT VKRQ FG KPHQTOCEKP PQ UNQ WP EFKIQ KFGPVK
ECFQT 7PC GVKSWGVC RWGFG KPENWKT OGOQTKC PQ XQNVKN
RQUKDNGOGPVG GUETKDKDNG
RQT GLGORNQ ''241/


GEQPQOC FG GUECNC FG WP UGEVQT KORQTVCPVG FG NC OC
PWHCEVWTC FGN UKNKEKQ 'UVQ RQFTC NNGXCT C WPC GZRCPUKP
OC[QT FG NC VGEPQNQIC FG GVKSWGVCU RCUKXCU
'ZKUVGP GVKSWGVCU HCDTKECFCU EQP UGOKEQPFWEVQTGU DCUC
FQU GP RQNOGTQU FGUCTTQNNCFQU RQT EQORCCU FG VQFQ
GN OWPFQ 'P  2QN[+% [ 2JKNKRU RTGUGPVCTQP GVKSWG
VCU UGPEKNNCU GP GN TCPIQ FG  /*\ SWG WVKNK\CDCP GU
VC VGEPQNQIC 5K UG KPVTQFWEGP GP GN OGTECFQ EQP ZKVQ
GUVCU GVKSWGVCU UGTCP RTQFWEKDNGU GP KORTGPVC EQOQ WPC
TGXKUVC EQP EQUVGU FG RTQFWEEKP OWEJQ OGPQTGU SWG NCU
FG UKNKEKQ UKTXKGPFQ EQOQ CNVGTPCVKXC VQVCNOGPVG KORTGUC
EQOQ NQU CEVWCNGU EFKIQU FG DCTTCU 5KP GODCTIQ RCTC
GNNQ GU PGEGUCTKQ SWG UWRGTGP CURGEVQU VEPKEQU [ GEQP
OKEQU VGPKGPFQ GP EWGPVC SWG GN UKNKEKQ GU WPC VGEPQNQIC
SWG NNGXC FECFCU FKUHTWVCPFQ FG KPXGTUKQPGU FG FGUCTTQ
NNQ OWNVKOKNNQPCTKCU SWG JCP TGUWNVCFQ GP WP EQUVG OGPQT
SWG GN FG NC KORTGUKP EQPXGPEKQPCN
&GDKFQ C NCU RTGQEWRCEKQPGU RQT NC GPGTIC [ GN EQUVG NC
TGURWGUVC FG WPC GVKSWGVC RCUKXC 4(+& GU PGEGUCTKCOGPVG
DTGXG PQTOCNOGPVG CRGPCU WP POGTQ FG KFGPVKECEKP

)7+& .C HCNVC FG WPC HWGPVG FG CNKOGPVCEKP RTQRKC

JCEG SWG GN FKURQUKVKXQ RWGFC UGT DCUVCPVG RGSWGQ GZKU
VGP RTQFWEVQU FKURQPKDNGU FG HQTOC EQOGTEKCN SWG RWGFGP
UGT KPUGTVCFQU DCLQ NC RKGN 'P NC RTEVKEC NCU GVKSWGVCU
RCUKXCU VKGPGP FKUVCPEKCU FG NGEVWTC SWG XCTCP GPVTG WPQU
 OKNOGVTQU JCUVC EGTEC FG  OGVTQU FGRGPFKGPFQ FGN
VCOCQ FG NC CPVGPC FG NC GVKSWGVC [ FG NC RQVGPEKC [ HTG
EWGPEKC GP NC SWG QRGTC GN NGEVQT 'P  GN FKURQUKVK
XQ FKURQPKDNG EQOGTEKCNOGPVG OU RGSWGQ FG GUVG VKRQ
OGFC  OKNOGVTQU  OKNOGVTQU [ OU PQ SWG
WPC JQLC FG RCRGN GUVQU FKURQUKVKXQU UQP RTEVKECOGPVG
KPXKUKDNGU=DJUB SFRVFSJEB?

.CU GVKSWGVCU RCUKXCU UWGNGP VGPGT FKUVCPEKCU FG WUQ RTE

VKEQ EQORTGPFKFCU GPVTG NQU  EO
+51  [ NNGICP
FQ JCUVC WPQU RQEQU OGVTQU
'2% G +51  UGIP
NC HTGEWGPEKC FG HWPEKQPCOKGPVQ [ GN FKUGQ [ VCOCQ FG
NC CPVGPC 2QT UW UGPEKNNG\ EQPEGRVWCN UQP QDVGPKDNGU RQT
OGFKQ FG WP RTQEGUQ FG KORTGUKP FG NCU CPVGPCU %Q
OQ PQ RTGEKUCP FG CNKOGPVCEKP GPGTIVKEC GN FKURQUKVK
XQ RWGFG TGUWNVCT OW[ RGSWGQ RWGFGP KPENWKTUG GP WPC
RGICVKPC Q KPUGTVCTUG DCLQ NC RKGN
GVKSWGVCU FG DCLC HTG
EWGPEKC
4.2 Etiquetas activas
'P  *KVCEJK FGUCTTQNN WP FKURQUKVKXQ RCUKXQ FGPQ
OKPCFQ v%JKR EQP WP VCOCQ FG  OO UKP CP # FKHGTGPEKC FG NCU GVKSWGVCU RCUKXCU NCU CEVKXCU RQUGGP
VGPC OU FGNICFQ SWG WPC JQLC FG RCRGN
 vO=?=? 5G UW RTQRKC HWGPVG CWVPQOC FG GPGTIC SWG WVKNK\CP RCTC
WVKNK\C 40*
4JMJDPOPO*OTVMBUPS RCTC NQITCT GUVC KPVGITC FCT EQTTKGPVG C UWU EKTEWKVQU KPVGITCFQU [ RTQRCICT UW UG
EKP 'UVG EJKR RWGFG VTCPUOKVKT WP KFGPVKECFQT PKEQ FG CN CN NGEVQT 'UVCU UQP OWEJQ OU CDNGU
VKGPGP OGPQU
 DKVU LCFQ C N GP UW HCDTKECEKP SWG PQ RWGFG OQFK GTTQTGU SWG NCU RCUKXCU FGDKFQ C UW ECRCEKFCF FG GUVCDNG
ECTUG [ EQPGTG CWVGPVKEKFCF CN OKUOQ 6KGPG WP TCPIQ EGT UGUKQPGU EQP GN NGEVQT )TCEKCU C UW HWGPVG FG GPGTIC
OZKOQ FG NGEVWTC FG  EO 'P HGDTGTQ FG  *KVCEJK UQP ECRCEGU FG VTCPUOKVKT UGCNGU OU RQVGPVGU SWG NCU
RTGUGPV WP FKURQUKVKXQ CP OGPQT FG  OO [ NQ FG NCU RCUKXCU NQ SWG NGU NNGXC C UGT OU GEKGPVGU GP GP
UWEKGPVGOGPVG FGNICFQ EQOQ RCTC RQFGT GUVCT KPVGITC VQTPQU FKEWNVQUQU RCTC NC TCFKQHTGEWGPEKC EQOQ GN CIWC
FQ GP WPC JQLC FG RCRGN=? 'UVQU EJKRU VKGPGP ECRCEKFCF
KPENW[GPFQ JWOCPQU [ ICPCFQ HQTOCFQU GP UW OC[QTC
FG CNOCEGPCOKGPVQ [ RWGFGP HWPEKQPCT GP FKUVCPEKCU FG RQT CIWC OGVCN
EQPVGPGFQTGU XGJEWNQU 6CODKP UQP
JCUVC WPQU RQEQU EKGPVQU FG OGVTQU 5W RTKPEKRCN KPEQPXG GHGEVKXCU C FKUVCPEKCU OC[QTGU RWFKGPFQ IGPGTCT TGURWGU
PKGPVG GU SWG UW CPVGPC FGDG UGT EQOQ OPKOQ  XGEGU VCU ENCTCU C RCTVKT FG TGEGREKQPGU FDKNGU
CN EQPVTCTKQ SWG
OU ITCPFG SWG GN EJKR
NCU RCUKXCU 2QT GN EQPVTCTKQ UWGNGP UGT OC[QTGU [ OU
#NKGP 6GEJPQNQI[
(NWKFKE 5GNH #UUGODN[ 5OCTV%QFG ECTCU [ UW XKFC VKN GU GP IGPGTCN OWEJQ OU EQTVC

(NGZKDNG #TGC 5[PEJTQPK\GF 6TCPUHGT [ 5[ODQN 6GEJ

PQNQIKGU
2+%# FGENCTCP FKURQPGT FG RTQEGUQU GP FK
XGTUCU GVCRCU FG FGUCTTQNNQ SWG RWGFGP TGFWEKT CP
OU NQU EQUVGU RQT OGFKQ FG RTQEGUQU FG HCDTKECEKP
RCTCNGNC=DJUB SFRVFSJEB? 'UVQU OGFKQU FG RTQFWEEKP RQFTCP
TGFWEKT OWEJQ OU NQU EQUVGU [ FKTKIKT NQU OQFGNQU FG

/WEJCU GVKSWGVCU CEVKXCU VKGPGP TCPIQU GHGEVKXQU FG EKGP

VQU FG OGVTQU [ WPC XKFC VKN FG UWU DCVGTCU FG JCUVC 
CQU #NIWPCU FG GNNCU KPVGITCP UGPUQTGU FG TGIKUVTQ FG
VGORGTCVWTC [ QVTCU XCTKCDNGU SWG RWGFGP WUCTUG RCTC OQ
PKVQTK\CT GPVQTPQU FG CNKOGPVCEKP Q RTQFWEVQU HCTOCEW
VKEQU 1VTQU UGPUQTGU CUQEKCFQU EQP 4(+& KPENW[GP JWOG

 5*104 %& &5*26&5"4 3'*%

FCF XKDTCEKP NW\ TCFKCEKP VGORGTCVWTC [ EQORQPGP

VGU CVOQUHTKEQU EQOQ GN GVKNGPQ #FGOU FG OWEJQ OU
TCPIQ
 O VKGPGP ECRCEKFCFGU FG CNOCEGPCOKGPVQ
OC[QTGU [ NC JCDKNKFCF FG IWCTFCT KPHQTOCEKP CFKEKQPCN
GPXKCFC RQT GN VTCPUEGRVQT

5KUVGOC SWOKEQ .K /P1

#EVWCNOGPVG NCU GVKSWGVCU CEVKXCU OU RGSWGCU VKGPGP

WP VCOCQ CRTQZKOCFQ FG WPC OQPGFC /WEJCU GVKSWG
VCU CEVKXCU VKGPGP TCPIQU RTEVKEQU FG FKG\ OGVTQU [ WPC
FWTCEKP FG DCVGTC FG JCUVC XCTKQU CQU

&GUECTIC FG EQTTKGPVG GUVPFCT  O#

4.3 Caractersticas

4CPIQ FG VGORGTCVWTC FG  C  q%

8QNVCLG PQOKPCN  8
%CRCEKFCF PQOKPCN  O#J
/ZKOC EQTTKGPVG FG FGUECTIC  O#
2GUQ RTQOGFKQ  I

&GUECTIC RCUKXC C  q%   CN CQ

(WGPVG FG CNKOGPVCEKP RTQRKC OGFKCPVG DCVGTC FG
NCTIC FWTCEKP
IGPGTCNOGPVG DCVGTCU FG NKVKQ  FK
6KGPG NCU UKIWKGPVGU FKOGPUKQPGU FG CEWGTFQ CN +'%
ZKFQ FG OCPICPGUQ

&KUVCPEKCU FG NGEVWTC GUETKVWTC OC[QT FG O C
O IGPGTCNOGPVG
&KXGTUCU VGEPQNQICU [ HTGEWGPEKCU
*CUVC  /*\
7*( Q UGIP GUVPFCTGU
CRNKECFQU
 )*\ OW[ WVKNK\CFC
DCPFC +5/ *OEVTUSJBM
'N FGUGORGQ FG NC FGUECTIC GP HWPEKP C NC VGORGTCVWTC
4DJFOUJD BOE .FEJDBM NC OKUOC SWG RCTC FKU
[ C NC TGUKUVGPEKC FG ECTIC UG OWGUVTC GP NQU UKIWKGPVGU
RQUKVKXQU YKTGNGUU .#0 D
ITEQU
/GOQTKC IGPGTCNOGPVG GPVTG  [  M$
2TKPEKRCNGU HCDTKECPVGU 6CI/CUVGT +FGPVGE 5QNW
VKQPU 5KGOGPU 0GFCR 9JGTG0GV $NWGUQHV 5[TKU
4(+&
2TGEKQ FG NC GVKSWGVC  C  
.C RTKPEKRCN XGPVCLC FG NCU GVKSWGVCU 4(+& CEVKXCU TGURGE
VQ C NCU RCUKXCU GU GN GNGXCFQ TCPIQ FG NGEVWTC FGN QTFGP
FG FGEGPCU FG OGVTQU %QOQ FGUXGPVCLCU ECDG FGUVCECT GN
RTGEKQ SWG GU OW[ UWRGTKQT SWG NCU RCUKXCU [ NC FGRGPFGP
EKC FG CNKOGPVCEKP RQT DCVGTCU 'N VKGORQ FG XKFC FG NCU
DCVGTCU FGRGPFG FG ECFC OQFGNQ FG GVKSWGVC [ VCODKP
FG NC CEVKXKFCF FG GUVG PQTOCNOGPVG GU FGN QTFGP FG CQU
2CTC HCEKNKVCT NC IGUVKP FG NCU DCVGTCU GU JCDKVWCN SWG NCU
GVKSWGVCU 4(+& CEVKXCU GPXGP CN NGEVQT KPHQTOCEKP FGN
PKXGN FG DCVGTC NQ SWG RGTOKVG UWUVKVWKT EQP CPVGNCEKP
CSWGNNCU SWG GUVP C RWPVQ FG CIQVCTUG
4.3.1

Bateras de larga duracin utilizadas en etiquetas RFID activas

'UVCU DCVGTCU RTQRQTEKQPCP C NCU GVKSWGVCU WPC CNKOGPVC

EKP GP OQFQ TGRQUQ GP GN EWCN NC EQTTKGPVG EQPUWOKFC GU
OW[ RGSWGC
W# IGPGTCNOGPVG [ GP OQFQ FG HWPEKQ
PCOKGPVQ
FQPFG UG EQPUWOG O# GUVCU DCVGTCU RWG
FGP FWTCT FGUFG  C  CQU NQ SWG NQU JCEG OU TQDWUVQU
.QU OU WVKNK\CFQU UQP NQU FG NKVKQ [ FKZKFQ FG OCPIC
PGUQ EQOQ GN %4 [ GN %4 # EQPVKPWCEKP UG
VKGPG UWU ECTCEVGTUVKECU VEPKECU

6CODKP JC[ DCVGTCU KORTGUCU WNVTCPCU RCTC GN FKUGQ

FG GORCSWGVCFQ CEVKXQ 'UVCU DCVGTCU UQP GZKDNGU FG
ITCP CNECPEG [ VKGPGP OGPQU FG WP OKNOGVTQ FG ITQUQT
NQ SWG NCU JCEGP KFGCNGU RCTC NCU GVKSWGVCU CEVKXCU FG NQU
UKUVGOCU 4(+&
1VTC CNVGTPCVKXC UQP NCU DCVGTCU FG RCRGN SWG VKGPGP CRNK
ECEKQPGU GP FKURQUKVKXQU 4(+& UOCTV ECTFU [ .'& GP RC
RGN GPVTG QVTQU 5G VTCVC FG WPC DCVGTC SWG GUV HQTOCFC
RQT NCOKPCU PCU FG EQORWGUVQU SWOKEQU KPETWUVCFQU GP



"TPDJBDJO EF FUJRVFUBT

RCRGN QDVGPKPFQUG GPGTIC GNEVTKEC C RCTVKT FG TGCEEKQ

PGU FG QZKFCEKPTGFWEEKP RTQFWEKGPFQ GP NQU DQTPGU WP
XQNVCLG PQOKPCN FG  8 [ WPC ECTIC FG  O#J CRTQ
ZKOCFCOGPVG

4.4 Etiquetas semipasivas

VQT [ WVKNK\CT CPVGPCU ENUKECU FG FKRQNQ 5NQ GU PGEGUCTKC

WPC ECRC FG OGVCN NQ SWG TGFWEG GN EQUVG .CU CPVGPCU FG
FKRQNQ PQ QDUVCPVG PQ UG CLWUVCP OW[ DKGP C NCU ECTCE
VGTUVKECU FG NQU EKTEWKVQU KPVGITCFQU VRKEQU
EQP CNVC KO
RGFCPEKC FG GPVTCFC NKIGTCOGPVG ECRCEKVKXC 5G RWGFGP
WVKNK\CT FKRQNQU RNGICFQU Q DWENGU EQTVQU EQOQ GUVTWEVW
TCU KPFWEVKXCU EQORNGOGPVCTKCU RCTC OGLQTCT NC CNKOGP
VCEKP .QU FKRQNQU FG OGFKC QPFC
 EO C  /*\
UQP FGOCUKCFQ ITCPFGU RCTC NC OC[QTC FG CRNKECEKQPGU

RQT GLGORNQ NCU GVKSWGVCU 4(+& RCTC WUQ GP GVKSWGVCU PQ

RWGFGP OGFKT OU FG  EO RQT NQ SWG JC[ SWG FQ
DNCT NCU CPVGPCU RCTC UCVKUHCEGT NCU PGEGUKFCFGU FG VCOC
Q 6CODKP RWGFGP WUCTUG GUVTWEVWTCU FG DCPFC CPEJC
.C ICPCPEKC FG NCU CPVGPCU EQORCEVCU UWGNG UGT OGPQT SWG
NC FG WP FKRQNQ
OGPQU FG  F$ [ RWGFGP EQPUKFGTCTUG
KUVTQRCU GP GN RNCPQ RGTRGPFKEWNCT C UW GLG

.CU GVKSWGVCU UGOKRCUKXCU UG RCTGEGP C NCU CEVKXCU GP SWG

RQUGGP WPC HWGPVG FG CNKOGPVCEKP RTQRKC CWPSWG GP GU
VG ECUQ UG WVKNK\C RTKPEKRCNOGPVG RCTC CNKOGPVCT GN OKETQ
EJKR [ PQ RCTC VTCPUOKVKT WPC UGCN .C GPGTIC EQPVGPK
FC GP NC TCFKQHTGEWGPEKC UG TGGLC JCEKC GN NGEVQT EQOQ
GP WPC GVKSWGVC RCUKXC 7P WUQ CNVGTPCVKXQ RCTC NC DCVG
TC GU CNOCEGPCT KPHQTOCEKP RTQRCICFC FGUFG GN NGEVQT
RCTC GOKVKT WPC TGURWGUVC GP GN HWVWTQ VRKECOGPVG WUCP
FQ CBDLTDBUUFS .CU GVKSWGVCU UKP DCVGTC FGDGP TGURQPFGT
.QU FKRQNQU GZRGTKOGPVCP CEQRNCOKGPVQ EQP NC TCFKCEKP
TGGLCPFQ GPGTIC FG NC RQTVCFQTC FGN NGEVQT CN XWGNQ
SWG UG RQNCTK\C GP UWU GLGU RQT NQ SWG NC XKUKDKNKFCF FG
.C DCVGTC RWGFG RGTOKVKT CN EKTEWKVQ KPVGITCFQ FG NC GVK WPC GVKSWGVC EQP WPC CPVGPC FG FKRQNQ UKORNG FGRGPFG FG
SWGVC GUVCT EQPUVCPVGOGPVG CNKOGPVCFQ [ GNKOKPCT NC PG UW QTKGPVCEKP .CU GVKSWGVCU EQP FQU CPVGPCU QTVQIQPCNGU
EGUKFCF FG FKUGCT WPC CPVGPC RCTC TGEQIGT RQVGPEKC FG
GVKSWGVCU FG FQDNG FKRQNQ FGRGPFGP OWEJQ OGPQU FG
WPC UGCN GPVTCPVG 2QT GNNQ NCU CPVGPCU RWGFGP UGT QR GNNC [ FG NC RQNCTK\CEKP FG NC CPVGPC FGN NGEVQT RGTQ UWGNGP
VKOK\CFCU RCTC WVKNK\CT OVQFQU FG CBDLTDBUUFSJOH .CU UGT OU ITCPFGU [ ECTCU SWG UWU EQPVTCRCTVKFCU UKORNGU
GVKSWGVCU 4(+& UGOKRCUKXCU TGURQPFGP OU TRKFCOGP
2WGFGP WUCTUG CPVGPCU FG RCTEJG
QBUDI RCTC FCT UGTXKEKQ
VG RQT NQ SWG UQP OU HWGTVGU GP GN TCVKQ FG NGEVWTC SWG
GP NCU EGTECPCU FG UWRGTEKGU OGVNKECU CWPSWG GU PGEG
NCU RCUKXCU
UCTKQ WP ITQUQT FG  C  OO RCTC NQITCT WP DWGP CPEJQ FG
'UVG VKRQ FG GVKSWGVC VKGPG WPC CDKNKFCF EQORCTCDNG C NC DCPFC CFGOU FG SWG GU PGEGUCTKQ VGPGT WPC EQPGZKP C
FG NCU CEVKXCU C NC XG\ SWG RWGFGP OCPVGPGT GN TCPIQ QRG VKGTTC SWG KPETGOGPVC GN EQUVG EQORCTCFQ EQP GUVTWEVWTCU
TCVKXQ FG WPC RCUKXC 6CODKP UWGNGP FWTCT OU VKGORQ FG WPC ECRC OU UGPEKNNCU
SWG NCU CEVKXCU
.CU CPVGPCU *( [ 7*( UWGNGP UGT FG EQDTG Q CNWOKPKQ 5G
JCP RTQDCFQ VKPVCU EQPFWEVQTCU GP CNIWPCU CPVGPCU GPEQP
VTCPFQ RTQDNGOCU EQP NC CFJGUKP CN EKTEWKVQ KPVGITCFQ [
4.5 Tipos de antena
NC GUVCDKNKFCF FGN GPVQTPQ
'N VKRQ FG CPVGPC WVKNK\CFQ GP WPC GVKSWGVC FGRGPFG FG
NC CRNKECEKP RCTC NC SWG GUV FKUGCFQ [ FG NC HTGEWGP
EKC FG QRGTCEKP .CU GVKSWGVCU FG DCLC HTGEWGPEKC
-'
FGN KPINU MPX GSFRVFODZ PQTOCNOGPVG UG UKTXGP FG NC
KPFWEEKP GNGEVTQOCIPVKEC %QOQ GN XQNVCLG KPFWEKFQ GU
RTQRQTEKQPCN C NC HTGEWGPEKC UG RWGFG RTQFWEKT GN PGEG
UCTKQ RCTC CNKOGPVCT WP EKTEWKVQ KPVGITCFQ WVKNK\CPFQ WP
POGTQ UWEKGPVG FG GURKTCU 'ZKUVGP GVKSWGVCU .( EQO
RCEVCU
EQOQ NCU GPECRUWNCFCU GP XKFTKQ WVKNK\CFCU RCTC
KFGPVKECEKP JWOCPC [ CPKOCN SWG WVKNK\CP WPC CPVGPC
GP XCTKQU PKXGNGU
VTGU FG  GURKTCU ECFC WPQ CNTG
FGFQT FG WP PENGQ FG HGTTKVC
'P CNVC HTGEWGPEKC
)'  /*\ UG WVKNK\C WPC GURKTCN
RNCPC EQP  XWGNVCU [ WP HCEVQT FG HQTOC RCTGEKFQ CN FG
WPC VCTLGVC FG ETFKVQ RCTC NQITCT FKUVCPEKCU FG FGEGPCU FG
EGPVOGVTQU 'UVCU CPVGPCU UQP OU DCTCVCU SWG NCU .( [C
SWG RWGFGP RTQFWEKTUG RQT OGFKQ FG NKVQITCHC GP NWICT
FG GURKTCEKP CWPSWG UQP PGEGUCTKCU FQU UWRGTEKGU FG
OGVCN [ WPC CKUNCPVG RCTC TGCNK\CT NC EQPGZKP ETW\CFC FGN
PKXGN GZVGTKQT CN KPVGTKQT FG NC GURKTCN FQPFG UG GPEWGPVTCP
GN EQPFGPUCFQT FG TGUQPCPEKC [ GN EKTEWKVQ KPVGITCFQ

4.6 Asociacin de etiquetas

'ZKUVGP VTGU VKRQU DUKEQU FG GVKSWGVCU RQT UW TGNCEKP EQP
NQU QDLGVQU SWG KFGPVKECP BTPDJBCMF JNQMBOUBCMF G JO
TFSUBCMF
BUUBDIBCMF JNQMBOUBCMF JOTFSUJPO=? #FGOU FG
GUVQU VKRQU FG GVKSWGVCU 'CUVOCP -QFCM JC RTGUGPVCFQ
FQU UQNKEKVWFGU FG RCVGPVG SWG VTCVCP FG NC OQPKVQTK\C
EKP FGN EQPUWOQ FG OGFKEKPC GP HQTOC FG WPC GVKSWGVC
FKIGTKDNG=?

4.7 Posicionamiento de las etiquetas

.C QTKGPVCEKP RWGFG CHGEVCT CN FGUGORGQ FG GVKSWGVCU

7*( C VTCXU FGN CKTG 'P IGPGTCN PQ GU PGEGUCTKC WPC TG
EGREKP RVKOC FG NC GPGTIC FGN NGEVQT RCTC QRGTCT UQDTG
NCU GVKSWGVCU RCUKXCU 0Q QDUVCPVG RWGFG JCDGT ECUQU GP
NQU SWG UG LC NC FKUVCPEKC GPVTG CODCU RCTVGU CU EQOQ NC
RQVGPEKC GHGEVKXC GOKVKFC 'P GUVG ECUQ GU PGEGUCTKQ UC
DGT GP SW ECUQU UG RWGFG VTCDCLCT FG HQTOC RVKOC EQP
.CU GVKSWGVCU RCUKXCU GP HTGEWGPEKCU WNVTCCNVC
7*( [ FG GNNQU
OKETQQPFCU UWGNGP CEQRNCTUG RQT TCFKQ C NC CPVGPC FGN NGE 5G FGPGP NQU RWPVQU FGPQOKPCFQU 4
FG TGUQPCPEKC SF


TPOBODF TQPU .
XKXQ MJWF TQPU [ &
OWGTVQ EFBE TQPU
RCTC GURGEKECT NC NQECNK\CEKP FG NCU GVKSWGVCU GP WP QD
LGVQ OCTECFQ FG HQTOC SWG GUVCU CP RWGFCP TGEKDKT NC
GPGTIC PGEGUCTKC EQP DCUG C WPQU PKXGNGU FGVGTOKPCFQU
FG RQVGPEKC GOKVKFC [ FKUVCPEKC=?

4.8 Entornos de etiquetas

'N EQPEGRVQ FG GVKSWGVC 4(+& XC CUQEKCFQ CN FG UW WDK
EWKFCF 'UVQ UWRQPG SWG NQU NGEVQTGU RWGFGP TGSWGTKT NC
UGNGEEKP FG GVKSWGVCU C GZRNQTCT FG GPVTG OWEJQU ECPFK
FCVQU RQUKDNGU 6CODKP RQFTCP FGUGCT TGCNK\CT WPC GZ
RNQTCEKP FG NCU GVKSWGVCU FG UW GPVQTPQ RCTC TGCNK\CT KP
XGPVCTKQU Q UK NCU GVKSWGVCU UG CUQEKCP C UGPUQTGU [ RWGFGP
OCPVGPGT UWU XCNQTGU KFGPVKECT EQPFKEKQPGU FGN GPVQTPQ
5K WP NGEVQT 4(+& KPVGPVC VTCDCLCT EQP WP EQPLWPVQ FG GVK
SWGVCU FGDG EQPQEGT NQU FKURQUKVKXQU SWG UG GPEWGPVTCP
GP UW TGC FG CEEKP RCTC FGURWU TGEQTTGTNQU WPQ C WPQ
Q DKGP JCEGT WUQ FG RTQVQEQNQU FG GXKVCEKP FG EQNKUKQPGU

&45"/%"3*;"$*/

CN NPEP JOUFSBDUJWP 5K VTCDCLCP FG GUVC HQTOC TGCNK\CP

WPC KFGPVKECEKP RGTKFKEC FG VQFCU NCU GVKSWGVCU GP UW
GPVQTPQ [ OCPVKGPGP WPC NKUVC FG RTGUGPEKC EQP VKGORQU FG
RGTUKUVGPEKC
VKOGQWVU G KPHQTOCEKP FG EQPVTQN 5K WPC
GPVTCFC GZRKTC UG GNKOKPC FG NC VCDNC
%QP HTGEWGPEKC WPC CRNKECEKP FKUVTKDWKFC TGSWKGTG GN WUQ
FG CODQU VKRQU GZVTGOQU FG GVKSWGVCU .CU RCUKXCU PQ
RWGFGP TGCNK\CT NCDQTGU FG OQPKVQTK\CEKP EQPVKPWC UKPQ
SWG TGCNK\CP VCTGCU DCLQ FGOCPFC EWCPFQ NQU NGEVQTGU UG
NCU UQNKEKVCP 5QP VKNGU RCTC TGCNK\CT CEVKXKFCFGU TGIWNC
TGU [ DKGP FGPKFCU EQP PGEGUKFCFGU FG CNOCEGPCOKGPVQ [
UGIWTKFCF CEQVCFCU 5K JC[ CEEGUQU HTGEWGPVGU EQPVKPWQU
Q KORTGFGEKDNGU Q DKGP GZKUVGP TGSWGTKOKGPVQU FG VKGORQ
TGCN Q RTQEGUCOKGPVQ FG FCVQU
EQOQ DUSWGFC GP VCDNCU
KPVGTPCU UWGNG UGT EQPXGPKGPVG WVKNK\CT GVKSWGVCU CEVKXCU

5 Clasicacin
.QU UKUVGOCU 4(+& UG ENCUKECP FGRGPFKGPFQ FGN TCPIQ
FG HTGEWGPEKCU SWG WUCP 'ZKUVGP EWCVTQ VKRQU FG UKUVGOCU
FG HTGEWGPEKC DCLC
GPVTG   MKNQJGTEKQU FG CN
VC HTGEWGPEKC
 OGICJGTEKQU 7*( Q FG HTGEWGPEKC
WNVTCGNGXCFC
 C  OGICJGTEKQU [ FG OKETQQPFCU

 IKICJGTEKQU .QU UKUVGOCU 7*( PQ RWGFGP UGT WVK

NK\CFQU GP VQFQ GN OWPFQ RQTSWG PQ GZKUVG WPC PKEC TG
IWNCEKP INQDCN RCTC UW WUQ

*EFOUJDBDJO EF FUJRVFUBT FO VO FOUPSOP EF CTRVFEB

2CTC NGGT NQU FCVQU FG NCU GVKSWGVCU NQU NGEVQTGU WVKNK\CP WP 6 Estandarizacin
CNIQTKVOQ FG UKPIWNCEKP DCUCFQ GP GN TGEQTTKFQ FG TDQ
NGU TGUQNXKGPFQ NCU EQNKUKQPGU SWG RWGFCP FCTUG [ RTQEG .QU GUVPFCTGU FG 4(+& CDQTFCP EWCVTQ TGCU HWPFCOGP
UCPFQ UGEWGPEKCNOGPVG NCU TGURWGUVCU 'ZKUVGP GVKSWGVCU VCNGU
DNQSWGCPVGU
CMPDLFS UBHT SWG RWGFGP WUCTUG RCTC GXKVCT
SWG JC[C NGEVQTGU SWG CEEGFCP C NCU GVKSWGVCU FG WP TGC
2TQVQEQNQ GP NC KPVGTHC\ CTGQ GURGEKEC GN OQFQ GP
UKP PGEGUKFCF FG TGEWTTKT C EQOCPFQU FG UWKEKFKQ RCTC KP
GN SWG GVKSWGVCU 4(+& [ NGEVQTGU UG EQOWPKECP OG
JCDKNKVCTNCU 'UVCU UG JCEGP RCUCT RQT GVKSWGVCU PQTOCNGU
FKCPVG TCFKQHTGEWGPEKC
RGTQ RQUGGP EKGTVCU ECTCEVGTUVKECU GURGEECU GP EQPETG
VQ RWGFGP VQOCT EWCNSWKGT EFKIQ FG KFGPVKECEKP EQOQ
%QPVGPKFQ FG NQU FCVQU GURGEKEC GN HQTOCVQ [ UG
RTQRKQ [ RWGFGP TGURQPFGT C VQFC RTGIWPVC SWG GUEWEJGP
OPVKEC FG NQU FCVQU SWG UG EQOWPKECP GPVTG GVKSWG
CUGIWTCPFQ GN GPVQTPQ CN CPWNCT NC WVKNKFCF FG GUVCU RTG
VCU [ NGEVQTGU
IWPVCU
%GTVKECEKP RTWGDCU SWG NQU RTQFWEVQU FGDGP EWO
'P IGPGTCN RWGFG GOKVKTUG WPC UGCN GURWTKC UK UG FGVGE
RNKT RCTC ICTCPVK\CT SWG EWORNGP NQU GUVPFCTGU [
VC CEVKXKFCF FG GVKSWGVCU RCTC DNQSWGCT NCU VTCPUOKUKQPGU
RWGFGP KPVGTQRGTCT EQP QVTQU FKURQUKVKXQU FG FKUVKP
FDKNGU RTQFWEKFCU RQT UVCU 'P ECUQ FG SWG NCU GVKSWGVCU
VQU HCDTKECPVGU
UGCP RTGUEKPFKDNGU Q PQ UGCP PGEGUCTKCU FG PWGXQ RWGFGP
KPWVKNK\CTUG KPFWEKGPFQ GP GNNQU EQTTKGPVGU GNGXCFCU SWG
#RNKECEKQPGU WUQU FG NQU UKUVGOCU 4(+&
KPWVKNKEGP UWU EKTEWKVQU
#RCTVG FG GUVQ WPC GVKSWGVC RWGFG UGT QSPNJTDVB UK TGU
RQPFG C VQFCU NCU RGVKEKQPGU UKP GZEGREKP Q TFHVSB UK
TGSWKGTG CWVGPVKECEKP
GUVQ EQPNNGXC NQU CURGEVQU VRK
EQU FG IGUVKP FG ENCXGU ETKRVQITECU [ FG CEEGUQ 7PC
GVKSWGVC RWGFG GUVCT RTGRCTCFC RCTC CEVKXCTUG Q FGUCEVK
XCTUG EQOQ TGURWGUVC C EQOCPFQU FGN NGEVQT

%QOQ GP QVTCU TGCU VGEPQNIKECU NC GUVCPFCTK\CEKP GP GN

ECORQ FG 4(+& UG ECTCEVGTK\C RQT NC GZKUVGPEKC FG XCTKQU
ITWRQU FG GURGEKECEKQPGU EQORGVKFQTCU 2QT WPC RCTVG
GUV +51 [ RQT QVTC #WVQ+& %GPVTG
EQPQEKFC FGUFG QE
VWDTG FG  EQOQ '2%INQDCN=? FG '2% &MFDUSPOJD
1SPEVDU $PEF #ODCU EQORCTVGP GN QDLGVKXQ FG EQPUG
.QU NGEVQTGU GPECTICFQU FG WP ITWRQ FG GVKSWGVCU GP WP IWKT GVKSWGVCU FG DCLQ EQUVG SWG QRGTGP GP 7*(
TGC RWGFGP QRGTCT GP NPEP BVUOPNP GP EQPVTCRQUKEKP .QU GUVPFCTGU '2% RCTC GVKSWGVCU UQP FG FQU ENCUGU


%NCUG  GVKSWGVC UKORNG RCUKXC FG UNQ NGEVWTC EQP .CU GVKSWGVCU 4(+& FG DCLC HTGEWGPEKC
.(   
WPC OGOQTKC PQ XQNVKN RTQITCOCDNG WPC UQNC XG\
M*\ [    M*\ [ FG CNVC HTGEWGPEKC
*( 
/*\ UG RWGFGP WVKNK\CT FG HQTOC INQDCN UKP PGEGUKFCF FG
%NCUG  GVKSWGVC FG UNQ NGEVWTC SWG UG RTQITCOC GP NKEGPEKC .C HTGEWGPEKC WNVTCCNVC
7*(    /*\
GN OQOGPVQ FG HCDTKECEKP FGN EJKR
PQ TGRTQITCOC PQ RWGFG UGT WVKNK\CFC FG HQTOC INQDCN [C SWG PQ JC[ WP
DNG RQUVGTKQTOGPVG
PKEQ GUVPFCT INQDCN 'P 0QTVGCOTKEC NC HTGEWGPEKC WN
VTCGNGXCFC UG RWGFG WVKNK\CT UKP NKEGPEKC RCTC HTGEWGPEKCU
.CU ENCUGU PQ UQP PVGTQRGTCDNGU [ CFGOU UQP KPEQORC GPVTG    /*\ RGTQ JC[ TGUVTKEEKQPGU GP NC GPGTIC
VKDNGU EQP NQU GUVPFCTGU FG +51 #WPSWG '2%INQDCN GUV FG VTCPUOKUKP 'P 'WTQRC NC HTGEWGPEKC WNVTCGNGXCFC GU
FGUCTTQNNCPFQ WPC PWGXC IGPGTCEKP FG GUVPFCTGU '2% V DCLQ EQPUKFGTCEKP RCTC    /*\ 5W WUQ GU
GUV
FGPQOKPCFC )GP EQP GN QDLGVKXQ FG EQPUGIWKT KP UKP NKEGPEKC UNQ RCTC GN TCPIQ FG    /*\
VGTQRGTCDKNKFCF EQP NQU GUVPFCTGU FG +51 CP UG GUV GP RGTQ GZKUVGP TGUVTKEEKQPGU GP NC GPGTIC FG VTCPUOKUKP
FKUEWUKP UQDTG GN #(+
"QQMJDBUJPO 'BNJMZ *EFOUJFS FG 'N GUVPFCT 7*( PQTVGCOGTKECPQ
 /*\ PQ GU
CEGRVCFQ GP (TCPEKC G +VCNKC [C SWG KPVGTGTG EQP UWU DCP
 DKVU
FCU OKNKVCTGU 'P %JKPC [ ,CRP PQ JC[ TGIWNCEKP RCTC
2QT UW RCTVG +51 JC FGUCTTQNNCFQ GUVPFCTGU FG 4(+& GN WUQ FG NC HTGEWGPEKC WNVTCGNGXCFC %CFC CRNKECEKP FG
RCTC NC KFGPVKECEKP CWVQOVKEC [ NC IGUVKP FG QDLGVQU HTGEWGPEKC WNVTCGNGXCFC GP GUVQU RCUGU PGEGUKVC FG WPC NK
'ZKUVGP XCTKQU GUVPFCTGU TGNCEKQPCFQU EQOQ +51  EGPEKC SWG FGDG UGT UQNKEKVCFC C NCU CWVQTKFCFGU NQECNGU
+51  G +51  RGTQ NC UGTKG FG GUVPFCTGU GU [ RWGFG UGT TGXQECFC 'P #WUVTCNKC [ 0WGXC <GNCPFC GN
VTKEVCOGPVG TGNCEKQPCFC EQP NCU 4(+& [ NCU HTGEWGPEKCU TCPIQ GU FG    /*\ RCTC WUQ UKP NKEGPEKC RGTQ
GORNGCFCU GP FKEJQU UKUVGOCU GU NC UGTKG 
JC[ TGUVTKEEKQPGU GP NC GPGTIC FG VTCPUOKUKP
'ZKUVGP TGIWNCEKQPGU CFKEKQPCNGU TGNCEKQPCFCU EQP NC UC
NWF [ EQPFKEKQPGU CODKGPVCNGU 2QT GLGORNQ GP 'WTQRC
7 Regulacin de frecuencias
NC TGIWNCEKP 8BTUF &MFDUSJDBM BOE &MFDUSPOJD &RVJQNFOU

'SWKRQU GNEVTKEQU [ GNGEVTPKEQU KPVKNGU PQ RGTOK

0Q JC[ PKPIWPC EQTRQTCEKP RDNKEC INQDCN SWG IQDKGTPG VG SWG UG FGUGEJGP NCU GVKSWGVCU 4(+& 'UVQ UKIPKEC SWG
NCU HTGEWGPEKCU WUCFCU RCTC 4(+& 'P RTKPEKRKQ ECFC RCU NCU GVKSWGVCU 4(+& SWG GUVP GP ECLCU FG ECTVP FGDGP UGT
RWGFG LCT UWU RTQRKCU TGINCU
SWKVCFCU CPVGU FG FGUJCEGTUG FG GNNCU 6CODKP JC[ TG
.CU RTKPEKRCNGU EQTRQTCEKQPGU SWG IQDKGTPCP NC CUKIPC IWNCEKQPGU CFKEKQPCNGU TGNCVKXCU C NC UCNWF XCUG ECORQ
GNGEVTQOCIPVKEQ
EKP FG NCU HTGEWGPEKCU RCTC 4(+& UQP
''77 (%%
'FEFSBM $PNNVOJDBUJPOT $PNNJT
TJPO
%CPCF &1%
&GRCTVCOGPVQ FG NC %QOWPKECEKP
'WTQRC '41 %'26 '65+ [ CFOKPKUVTCEKQPGU PC
EKQPCNGU 1DUTXGUG SWG NCU CFOKPKUVTCEKQPGU PCEKQ
PCNGU VKGPGP SWG TCVKECT GN WUQ FG WPC HTGEWGPEKC
GURGEEC CPVGU FG SWG RWGFC UGT WVKNK\CFC GP GUG
RCU
,CRP /2*26
.JOJTUSZ PG 1VCMJD .BOBHFNFOU
)PNF "BJST 1PTU BOE 5FMFDPNNVOJDBUJPO
%JKPC /KPKUVGTKQ FG NC +PFWUVTKC FG +PHQTOCEKP
#WUVTCNKC #WVQTKFCF #WUVTCNKCPC FG NC %QOWPKEC
EKP
"VTUSBMJBO $PNNVOJDBUJPO "VUIPSJUZ
0WGXC <GNCPFC /KPKUVGTKQ FG FGUCTTQNNQ GEQPOKEQ
FG 0WGXC <GNCPFC
/FX ;FBMBOE .JOJTUSZ PG &DPOP
NJD %FWFMPQNFOU
#TIGPVKPC %0%
$PNJTJO /BDJPOBM EF $PNVOJDB
DJPOFT
%JKNG 57$6'. JVVRYYYUWDVGNIQDENRTQPVWUA
UWDVGNUKVGGFKEDCUGRQTVKPKEKQJVON

8 Benecios y ventajas
%QODKPCEKP FG FKHGTGPVGU VGEPQNQICU NC 4(+& G
+PVGTPGV
#WFKQ NKDTQ RCTC NQU LXGPGU EWCPFQ 0CDC\VCI TG
EQPQEG GN EJKR 4(+& UG KPKEKCNK\C NC NGEVWTC FGN NK
DTQ GP XKXC XQ\ [ RGTOKVG GPTKSWGEGTNQ FG FKHGTGPVGU
OCPGTCU EQP CRNKECEKQPGU KPVGTCEVKXCU [ GP NPGC CN
OKUOQ VKGORQ SWG EQPUGTXC UW HQTOC UQDTG RCRGN
2TQXGGFQT FG KFGPVKECEKP [ NQECNK\CEKP FG CTVEW
NQU GP NC ECFGPC FG UWOKPKUVTQ OU KPOGFKCVQ CW
VQOVKEQ [ RTGEKUQ FG EWCNSWKGT EQORCC GP EWCN
SWKGT UGEVQT [ GP EWCNSWKGT RCTVG FGN OWPFQ
.GEVWTCU OU TRKFCU [ OU RTGEKUCU
GNKOKPCPFQ NC
PGEGUKFCF FG VGPGT WPC NPGC FG XKUKP FKTGEVC
0KXGNGU OU DCLQU GP GN KPXGPVCTKQ
/GLQTC GN WLQ FG ECLC [ NC TGFWEEKP RQVGPEKCN FG
NQU ICUVQU IGPGTCNGU
4GFWEEKP FG TQVWTCU FG UVQEM
%CRCEKFCF FG KPHQTOCT CN RGTUQPCN Q C NQU GPECTIC
FQU FG EWPFQ UG FGDGP TGRQPGT NCU GUVCPVGTCU Q

640 "$56"-

EWPFQ WP CTVEWNQ UG JC EQNQECFQ GP GN UKVKQ GSWK

XQECFQ
&KUOKPWEKP FG NC RTFKFC FGUEQPQEKFC
#[WFC C EQPQEGT GZCEVCOGPVG SW GNGOGPVQU JCP UK
FQ UWUVTCFQU [ UK GU PGEGUCTKQ FPFG NQECNK\CTNQU
+PVGITPFQNQ EQP ONVKRNGU VGEPQNQICU XFGQ UKU
VGOCU FG NQECNK\CEKP GVE EQP NGEVQTGU FG 4(+& GP
GUVCPVGTCU C[WFCP C RTGXGPKT GN TQDQ GP VKGPFC
/GLQT WVKNK\CEKP FG NQU CEVKXQU

6OB FUJRVFUB 3'*% FNQMFBEB QBSB MB SFDBVEBDJO DPO QFBKF FMFD

5GIWKOKGPVQ FG UWU CEVKXQU TGWVKNK\CDNGU

GORCSWG
USOJDP
VCOKGPVQU GODCNCLGU ECTTGVKNNCU FG WPC HQTOC OU
RTGEKUC
RCTC OC[QT TGUKUVGPEKC CN RTQEGUQ FG ECNCPFTCFQ [ RTGPFC
.WEJCT EQPVTC NC HCNUKECEKP
GUVQ GU RTKOQTFKCN RC FG GZVTCEEKP FG CIWC 5GEVQT VGZVKNUCPKVCTKQ
TC NC CFOKPKUVTCEKP [ NCU KPFWUVTKCU HCTOCEWVKECU
.CU GVKSWGVCU 4(+& FG OKETQQPFCU UG WVKNK\CP GP GN EQP
VTQN FG CEEGUQ GP XGJEWNQU FG ICOC CNVC
4GVKTCFC FGN OGTECFQ FG RTQFWEVQU EQPETGVQU
#NIWPCU CWVQRKUVCU EQOQ RQT GLGORNQ 'N ECTTKN FG 6GNG
4GFWEEKP FG EQUVQU [ GP GN FCQ C NC OCTEC
CXGTCU
RGCLG +#8' GP NCU CWVQRKUVCU FG %#27(' 'P /ZKEQ
Q RTFKFC FG XGPVCU
NC (CU6TCM FG %CNKHQTPKC GN UKUVGOC +2CUU FG +NNKPQKU GN
VGNGRGCLG 6#) GP NCU CWVQRKUVCU WTDCPCU GP 5CPVKCIQ FG
%JKNG NC VQVCNKFCF FG NCU CWVQRKUVCU RCICU CTIGPVKPCU [ NC
9 Uso actual
1IJMJQQJOFT 4PVUI -V[PO &YQSFTTXBZ &1BTT WVKNK\CP GVK
SWGVCU 4(+& RCTC TGECWFCEKP EQP RGCLG GNGEVTPKEQ .CU
&GRGPFKGPFQ FG NCU HTGEWGPEKCU WVKNK\CFCU GP NQU UKUVGOCU VCTLGVCU UQP NGFCU OKGPVTCU NQU XGJEWNQU RCUCP NC KPHQT
4(+& GN EQUVG GN CNECPEG [ NCU CRNKECEKQPGU UQP FKHGTGP OCEKP UG WVKNK\C RCTC EQDTCT GN RGCLG GP WPC EWGPVC RG
VGU .QU UKUVGOCU SWG GORNGCP HTGEWGPEKCU DCLCU VKGPGP TKFKEC Q FGUEQPVCTNC FG WPC EWGPVC RTGRCIQ 'N UKUVGOC
KIWCNOGPVG EQUVGU DCLQU RGTQ VCODKP DCLC FKUVCPEKC FG C[WFC C FKUOKPWKT GN GPVQTRGEKOKGPVQ FGN VTEQ ECWUCFQ
WUQ .QU SWG GORNGCP HTGEWGPEKCU OU CNVCU RTQRQTEKQ RQT NCU ECDKPCU FG RGCLG
PCP FKUVCPEKCU OC[QTGU FG NGEVWTC [ XGNQEKFCFGU FG NGEVW 5GPUQTGU EQOQ NQU UUOKEQU RWGFGP UGT NGFQU GORNGCP
TC OU TRKFCU #U NCU FG DCLC HTGEWGPEKC UG WVKNK\CP EQ FQ VTCPUOKUQTGUTGEGRVQTGU 4(+& UKORNKECPFQ GPQTOG
OPOGPVG RCTC NC KFGPVKECEKP FG CPKOCNGU UGIWKOKGP OGPVG NC TGEQNGEEKP FG FCVQU TGOQVQU
VQ FG DCTTKECU FG EGTXG\C Q EQOQ NNCXG FG CWVQOXKNGU
'P GPGTQ FG  /KEJGNKP CPWPEK SWG JCDC EQOGP
EQP UKUVGOC CPVKTTQDQ 'P QECUKQPGU UG KPUGTVCP GP RG
SWGQU EJKRU GP OCUEQVCU RCTC SWG RWGFCP UGT FGXWGN \CFQ C RTQDCT VTCPUOKUQTGUTGEGRVQTGU 4(+& KPUGTVCFQU
GP PGWOVKEQU &GURWU FG WP RGTQFQ FG RTWGDC GUVKOC
VCU C UW FWGQ GP ECUQ FG RTFKFC 'P NQU 'UVCFQU 7PK
FQU UG WVKNK\CP FQU HTGEWGPEKCU RCTC 4(+&  M*\
GN FQ FG  OGUGU GN HCDTKECPVG QHTGEGT PGWOVKEQU EQP
4(+& C NQU HCDTKECPVGU FG CWVQOXKNGU 5W RTKPEKRCN QD
GUVPFCT QTKIKPCN [  M*\
GN GUVPFCT KPVGTPCEKQ
PCN .CU GVKSWGVCU 4(+& FG CNVC HTGEWGPEKC UG WVKNK\CP GP LGVKXQ GU GN UGIWKOKGPVQ FG PGWOVKEQU GP EWORNKOKGPVQ
EQP NC 6OJUFE 4UBUFT 5SBOTQPSUBUJPO 3FDBMM &OIBODFNFOU
DKDNKQVGECU [ UGIWKOKGPVQ FG NKDTQU UGIWKOKGPVQ FG RCNU
EQPVTQN FG CEEGUQ GP GFKEKQU UGIWKOKGPVQ FG GSWKRCLG "DDPVOUBCJMJUZ BOE %PDVNFOUBUJPO "DU
64'#& #EV
GP CGTQNPGCU UGIWKOKGPVQ FG CTVEWNQU FG TQRC [ NVKOC .CU VCTLGVCU EQP EJKRU 4(+& KPVGITCFQU UG WUCP CORNKC
OGPVG GP RCEKGPVGU FG EGPVTQU JQURKVCNCTKQU RCTC JCEGT OGPVG EQOQ FKPGTQ GNGEVTPKEQ EQOQ RQT GLGORNQ NC
WP UGIWKOKGPVQ FG UW JKUVQTKC ENPKEC 7P WUQ GZVGPFKFQ VCTLGVC 1EVQRWU GP *QPI-QPI VCTLGVC DKR GP 5CPVKCIQ
FG NCU GVKSWGVCU FG CNVC HTGEWGPEKC EQOQ KFGPVKECEKP FG FG %JKNG RCTC GN VTCPURQTVG RDNKEQ
VTCPUCPVKCIQ NC VCT
CETGFKVCEKQPGU UWDUVKVW[GPFQ C NCU CPVGTKQTGU VCTLGVCU FG LGVC 5WDVG%CTF RCTC GN 5WDVGTTPGQ FG $WGPQU #KTGU NC
DCPFC OCIPVKEC 5NQ GU PGEGUCTKQ CEGTECT GUVCU KPUKI VCTLGVC RTGRCIQ FGN 5KUVGOC +PVGITCFQ )WCVGOCNVGEQ FG
PKCU C WP NGEVQT RCTC CWVGPVKECT CN RQTVCFQT
#WVQDWUGU RCTC WUQ GP GN 6TCPUWTDCPQ [ GP GN 6TCPUOGVTQ
.CU GVKSWGVCU 4(+& FG 7*( UG WVKNK\CP EQOPOGPVG FG
)WCVGOCNC GP )WCVGOCNC5KUVGOC +PVGITCFQ FG 6TCPU
HQTOC EQOGTEKCN GP UGIWKOKGPVQ FG RCN [ GPXCUGU [ UG RQTVG [ 6TCPUOKNGPKQ GP $QIQV %QNQODKC RTGRCIQ GP
IWKOKGPVQ FG ECOKQPGU [ TGOQNSWGU GP GPXQU Q GP UKU EKPGOCU 6CTLGVC %KPGEQ NC VCTLGVC %XKEC GP /GFGNNP [
VGOCU FG distribucin de uniformidad en Hospitales GP NCU VCTLGVCU RCTC GN $WU /GVTQRQNKVCPQ SWG QRGTC FGUFG
*(
#UVWTKCU  'URCC Q KPENWUQ GP NC TQRC RNCPC UKGORTG  GP .KOC 2GT
[ EWCPFQ NC GVKSWGVC UGC GPECRUWNCFC GP TGUKPC FG GRQZK %QOGP\CPFQ EQP GN OQFGNQ FG  GUV FKURQPKDNG WPC



-PHTUJDB

NNCXG KPVGNKIGPVG EQOQ QREKP GP GN 6Q[QVC 2TKWU [ CN

IWPQU OQFGNQU FG .GZWU .C NNCXG GORNGC WP EKTEWKVQ FG
4(+& CEVKXQ SWG RGTOKVG SWG GN CWVQOXKN TGEQPQ\EC NC
RTGUGPEKC FG NC NNCXG C WP OGVTQ FGN UGPUQT 'N EQPFWEVQT
RWGFG CDTKT NCU RWGTVCU [ CTTCPECT GN CWVQOXKN OKGPVTCU
NC NNCXG UKIWG GUVCPFQ GP NC ECTVGTC Q GP GN DQNUKNNQ
'P CIQUVQ FG  GN &GRCTVCOGPVQ FG 4GJCDKNKVCEKP
[ %QTTGEEKP FG 1JKQ
1&4* CRTQD WP EQPVTCVQ FG
 FNCTGU RCTC GPUC[CT NC VGEPQNQIC FG UGIWKOKGP
VQ EQP #NCPEQ 6GEJPQNQIKGU .QU KPVGTPQU VKGPGP WPQU
VTCPUOKUQTGU FGN VCOCQ FG WP TGNQL FG OWGEC SWG RWG
FGP FGVGEVCT UK NQU RTGUQU JCP GUVCFQ KPVGPVCPFQ SWKVTUG
NCU [ GPXKCT WPC CNCTOC C NQU QTFGPCFQTGU FG NC RTKUKP
'UVG RTQ[GEVQ PQ GU GN RTKOGTQ SWG VTCDCLC GP GN FGUCTTQ
NNQ FG EJKRU FG UGIWKOKGPVQ GP RTKUKQPGU GUVCFQWPKFGPUGU
+PUVCNCEKQPGU GP /EJKICP %CNKHQTPKC G +NNKPQKU GORNGCP
[C GUVC VGEPQNQIC

9.1 Sector textil-sanitario

$IJQ QBSB UFYUJM VOJGPSNJEBE 3FTJTUFOUF B DVBMRVJFS QSPDFTP EF

MBWBEP

'P NC CEVWCNKFCF NQU EQUVGU FGN 4(+& VGZVKN UG JCP TGFWEKFQ

QUVGPUKDNGOGPVG NNGICPFQ C GUVCT EGTEC FG   
.QU OU TGUKUVGPVGU GUVP GPECRUWNCFQU GP TGUKPC GRQZK
SWG CFGOU UQP NQU CFGEWCFQU RCTC NQU UKUVGOCU FG FKUVTK
DWEKP CWVQOVKEC FG RTGPFCU
CTOCTKQU VCSWKNNCU Q UKU
VGOCU FG RGTEJCU
UVQU RWGFGP UGT KPUGTVCFQU GP NCU RTGPFCU FG HQTOC OW[
FKUETGVC FGPVTQ FG NQU FQDNCFKNNQU VGTOQUGNNCFQU Q UKO
RNGOGPVG EQUKFQU
.Q KFGCN GU GN EQTTGEVQ KPUGTVCFQ GP NCU RTGPFCU RWGU NC
RQUKEKP GU OW[ KORQTVCPVG [C SWG FG UKVWCTUG GP FGVGTOK
PCFCU \QPCU RWGFG FCT GTTQT GP NC NGEVWTC .C KORQTVCPEKC
FG NC ECNKFCF FG NGEVWTC GU HWPFCOGPVCN 'N JCDGT UGNGE
EKQPCFQ EQP CPVGTKQTKFCF GN JCTFYCTG CPVGPCU [ TGCFGTU
CU EQOQ GUVCT UKVWCFQ GP WP GPVQTPQ PQ OGVNKEQ Q FGDK
FCOGPVG CKUNCFQ GU ETWEKCN RCTC NC EQPUGEWEKP FGN 
FG NGEVWTC *Q[ GP FC [ ITCEKCU CN RTQVQEQNQ CPVKEQNKUKP
UG RWGFGP NGGT FG HQTOC OCUKXC FGEGPCU FG RTGPFCU W QD

LGVQU UKP PGEGUKFCF FG VGPGT XKUKDKNKFCF FKTGEVC Q UKP PG

EGUKFCF FG GZVTCGT NCU RTGPFCU FG NQU UCEQU FG NCXCPFGTC
ECLCU Q RNUVKEQU GP VCP UNQ WPQU RQEQU UGIWPFQU
)TCEKCU C GUVG RTQFWEVQ GP GN UGEVQT VGZVKN NQU RTQEGUQU FG
NCXCPFGTC NGPEGTC [ dispensacin automtica de ropa GP UGEVQTGU EQOQ GN UCPKVCTKQ Q FG OQFC UG EQPUKIWG
NC QRVKOK\CEKP FG TGEWTUQU JWOCPQU [ WPC TGFWEEKP FG
UVQEMCLGU KORQTVCPVUKOQU FG JCUVC WP  GP GN UVQEM
FKTGEVQ [ FG NC TGFWEEKP FG JCUVC WP  GP NC RTFKFC
GZVTCXQ Q TQDQ FG NCU RTGPFCU 'NGOGPVQU EQOQ NQU VPG
NGU FG NGEVWTC UQP FKURQUKVKXQU SWG C[WFCP FG HQTOC OW[
RTGEKUC CN WUWCTKQ FG GUVQU UKUVGOCU NNGICPFQ CN  FG
NGEVWTC
'P 'URCC GN CWIG FG GUVC VGEPQNQIC GUV GP ENCTQ ETGEK
OKGPVQ UK DKGP JC[ OW[ RQECU GORTGUCU SWG RWGFGP QHTG
EGT ICTCPVCU FG ZKVQ GP NC KORNGOGPVCEKP [ GN CUGUQTC
OKGPVQ FG NQU FKURQUKVKXQU C WUCT UKGORTG *( 'P LWPKQ
FG  GN Grupo Inditex TO WP KORQTVCPVG CEWGT
FQ EQP 6[EQ =? RCTC OGLQTCT NQU RTQEGUQU FG KPXGPVCTKQ
[ TGFWEKT NC RTFKFC FGUEQPQEKFC [ GN JWTVQ %QP GNNQ GN
OKPQTKUVC QRVKOK\C UW KPXGTUKP GP KPXGPVCTKQ [ EQPUKIWG
OCZKOK\CT NCU XGPVCU [ NQU OTIGPGU 7P DWGP UQEKQ VGE
PQNIKEQ GP GUVG ECORQ GU KORQTVCPVG SWG UGC ECRC\ FG
FKOGPUKQPCT RGTHGEVCOGPVG GN UKUVGOC
'P ECUQ FG NC ropa plana UW WUQ GUV CNVCOGPVG EQPFK
EKQPCFQ C NC GVKSWGVC UGNGEEKQPCFC UKGPFQ NC RCTVG OU
KORQTVCPVG RCTC CUGIWTCT GN HWPEKQPCOKGPVQ EQTTGEVQ GP
FKEJCU RTGPFCU .CU etiquetas encapsulados en resina
de epoxi JCP FGOQUVTCFQ UGT NCU PKECU TGUKUVGPVGU C NQU
GZKIGPVGU RTQEGUQU FG NCXCFQ FQPFG UG WUCP RTGPFCU RCTC
NC GZVTCEEKP FGN CIWC UQDTCPVG FGURWU FGN VPGN FG NCXC
FQ [ TGUKUVGPVGU C NC ECNCPFTC SWG FGDKFQ C NCU RTGUKQPGU
GLGTEKFCU GP NC TQRC JCUVC  DCTGU UK DKGP UG CEQPUGLC TG
FWEKTNC C  DCTGU
UWEKGPVG RCTC CUGIWTCT GN VGLKFQ [ NC
CNVC VGORGTCVWTC FG UGECFQ JCUVC NQU  q% 5K UW WUQ GU
TGSWGTKFQ GP GUVC TQRC NC GVKSWGVC GPECRUWNCFC GP GRQ
ZK GU NC OU TGEQOGPFCDNG [C SWG QVTCU UQNWEKQPGU FG
GVKSWGVC RNCPC FG CNIQFP Q RNUVKEQ UG CECDC TQORKGPFQ
Q HWPFKGPFQ EQP GN EQPUKIWKGPVG RGTLWKEKQ RCTC GN RTQ
[GEVQ 'ZKUVGP XCTKCU GORTGUCU GZRGTVCU GP GUVG VKRQ FG
GVKSWGVC UK DKGP 6CIU[U4F GU NC SWG OU GZRGTKGPEKC
RWGFG CRQTVCT FGDKFQ C NC ITCP ECPVKFCF FG TGHGTGPEKCU
GP GN UGEVQT VGZVKNUCPKVCTKQ=DJUB SFRVFSJEB? .C GORTGUC (WLKV
UW JC FGUCTTQNNCFQ TGEKGPVGOGPVG GVKSWGVCU 96# EQP
CPVGPC PQ OGVNKEC EQP ECRCEKFCF FG UGT WVKNK\CFCU GP GP
VQTPQU /4+[ FG NGEVWTC OCUKXC  RTGPFCU GP VCP UQNQ
UGIWPFQU RGTOKVKGPFQ WPC VTC\CDKNKFCF VQVCN FG VQFC NC TQ
RC RNCPC JQURKVCNCTKC

9.2 Logstica
#EVWCNOGPVG NC CRNKECEKP OU KORQTVCPVG FG 4(+& GU
NC NQIUVKEC 'N WUQ FG GUVC VGEPQNQIC RGTOKVKTC VGPGT NQ
ECNK\CFQ EWCNSWKGT RTQFWEVQ FGPVTQ FG NC ECFGPC FG UWOK
PKUVTQ 'P NQ TGNCEKQPCFQ C NC VTC\CDKNKFCF NCU GVKSWGVCU
RQFTCP VGPGT ITCP CRNKECEKP [C SWG NCU OKUOCU RWGFGP





"1-*$"$*0/&4 105&/$*"-&4

ITCDCTUG EQP NQ SWG UG RQFTC EQPQEGT GN VKGORQ SWG GN

RTQFWEVQ GUVWXQ CNOCEGPCFQ GP SW UKVKQU GVE &G GUVC
OCPGTC UG RWGFGP NQITCT KORQTVCPVGU QRVKOK\CEKQPGU GP
GN OCPGLQ FG NQU RTQFWEVQU GP NCU ECFGPCU FG CDCUVGEK
OKGPVQ VGPKGPFQ EQOQ DCUG GN OKUOQ RTQFWEVQ G KPFG
RGPFK\PFQUG RTEVKECOGPVG FGN UKUVGOC FG KPHQTOCEKP
9.2.1

Requisitos sobre RFID para su uso en logstica

&GDKFQ CN VCOCQ FG GUVCU FQU QTICPK\CEKQPGU UWU OCP

FCVQU UQDTG 4(+& JCP ECWUCFQ WP KORCEVQ GP OKNGU FG
EQORCCU FG VQFQ GN OWPFQ .C HGEJC NOKVG UG JC GZVGP
FKFQ XCTKCU XGEGU RQTSWG OWEJQU HCDTKECPVGU UG GPHTGPVCP
C ITCPFGU FKEWNVCFGU RCTC KORNGOGPVCT UKUVGOCU 4(+&
'P NC RTEVKEC NCU EKHTCU FG NGEVWTCU GZKVQUCU GUVP CEVWCN
OGPVG GP WP  FGDKFQ C NC CVGPWCEKP FG NC QPFC FG
TCFKQ ECWUCFC RQT NQU RTQFWEVQU [ GN GORCSWGVCFQ &GP
VTQ FG WP VKGORQ GUV RTGXKUVQ SWG KPENWUQ NCU EQORCCU
OU RGSWGCU UGCP ECRCEGU FG RQPGT GVKSWGVCU 4(+& GP
UWU VTCPURQTVGU
&GUFG GPGTQ FG  9CN/CTV JC RWGUVQ EQOQ TGSWK
UKVQ C UWU  RTKPEKRCNGU RTQXGGFQTGU SWG CRNKSWGP GVK
SWGVCU 4(+& GP VQFQU UWU GPXQU 2CTC RQFGT EWORNKT GN
TGSWKUKVQ NQU HCDTKECPVGU WUCP EQFKECFQTGUKORTGUQTCU
4(+& RCTC GVKSWGVCT NCU ECLCU [ RCNU SWG TGSWKGTGP GVK
SWGVCU '2% RCTC 9CN/CTV 'UVCU GVKSWGVCU KPVGNKIGPVGU
UQP RTQFWEKFCU KPVGITCPFQ GN 4(+& FGPVTQ FGN OCVGTKCN
FG NC GVKSWGVC G KORTKOKGPFQ GN EFKIQ FG DCTTCU [ QVTC
KPHQTOCEKP XKUKDNG GP NC UWRGTEKG FG NC GVKSWGVC

+VTUP EFTQVT EF RVF MB PQFSBDJO EF JOTFSDJO EF MB FUJRVFUB GVF

SB DPNQMFUBEB

CN CEEGUQ C WP QTFGPCFQT CN CNOCEGPCOKGPVQ FG GZRG

FKGPVGU OFKEQU C KPKEKCVKXCU FG CPVKUGEWGUVTQ [ C WPC XC
TKGFCF FG CRNKECEKQPGU %QODKPCFQ EQP NQU UGPUQTGU RCTC
UWRGTXKUCT FKXGTUCU HWPEKQPGU FGN EWGTRQ GN FKURQUKVKXQ
&KIKVCN #PIGN RQFTC RTQRQTEKQPCT UWRGTXKUKP FG NQU RC
EKGPVGU 'N $CLC $GCEJ %NWD GP $CTEGNQPC
'URCC WVKNK
\C WP 8GTKEJKR KORNCPVCDNG RCTC KFGPVKECT C UWU ENKGPVGU
8+2 SWG NQ WVKNK\CP RCTC RCICT NCU DGDKFCU=? 'N FGRCT
VCOGPVQ FG RQNKEC FG %KWFCF FG /ZKEQ JC KORNCPVCFQ
GN 8GTKEJKR C WPQU  FG UWU QEKCNGU FG RQNKEC RCTC
RGTOKVKT GN CEEGUQ C NCU DCUGU FG FCVQU FG NC RQNKEC [ RCTC
RQFGT UGIWKTNQU GP ECUQ FG UGT UGEWGUVTCFQU

9.4 Sector Mercadotecnia/ Eventos

9.3 Implantes humanos

*Q[ GP FC 4(+& UG JC GUVCFQ WVKNK\CPFQ RCTC EQPVTQNCT

XKUKVCPVGU GP 'XGPVQU [ 2CTSWGU 4GETGCEKQPCNGU 'UVQ JC
RGTOKVKFQ EQPGEVCT TGFGU UQEKCNGU EQP 4(+& 'XGPVQU EQ
OQ %'5 GP .CU 8GICU 08 [ QVTQU JCP CVTCFQ OWEJQ NC
CVGPEKP C RQUKDNGU PWGXCU KPFWUVTKCU 4(+& [C UG WVKNK\C
EQOQ WP OVQFQ FG GYCNNGV RCTC JCEGT RCIQU FGPVTQ FG
RCTSWGU FG FKXGTUKP  'UVQ OWGUVTC WP ITCP CXCPEG FGN
UKUVGOC 4(K& VTCVCPFQ FG VQOCT GN WUQ FG NC DCPFC OCI
PGVKEC

10 Aplicaciones potenciales

.BOP J[RVJFSEB EF "NBM (SBBGTUSB DPO MB TJUVBDJO QMBOFBEB EFM

DIJQ 3'*%

.CU GVKSWGVCU 4(+& UG XGP EQOQ WPC CNVGTPCVKXC SWG TG

GORNC\CT C NQU EFKIQU FG DCTTCU 72% Q '#0 RWGUVQ
SWG VKGPGP WP POGTQ FG XGPVCLCU KORQTVCPVGU UQDTG NC
CTECKEC VGEPQNQIC FG EFKIQ FG DCTTCU 3WK\U PQ NQITGP
UWUVKVWKT GP UW VQVCNKFCF C NQU EFKIQU FG DCTTCU FGDKFQU
GP RCTVG C UW EQUVQ TGNCVKXCOGPVG OU CNVQ 2CTC CNIWPQU
CTVEWNQU EQP WP EQUVG OU DCLQ NC ECRCEKFCF FG ECFC GVK
SWGVC FG UGT PKEC UG RWGFG EQPUKFGTCT GZCIGTCFQ CWPSWG
VGPFTC CNIWPCU XGPVCLCU VCNGU EQOQ WPC OC[QT HCEKNKFCF
RCTC NNGXCT C ECDQ KPXGPVCTKQU

.QU EJKRU 4(+& KORNCPVCDNGU FKUGCFQU QTKIKPCNOGPVG

RCTC GN GVKSWGVCFQ FG CPKOCNGU UG GUV WVKNK\CPFQ [ UG GUV
EQPVGORNCPFQ VCODKP RCTC NQU UGTGU JWOCPQU #RRNKGF
&KIKVCN 5QNWVKQPU RTQRQPG UW EJKR VOJRVF VOEFSUIFTLJO
GPSNBU
HQTOCVQ PKEQ UWDEWVPGQ EQOQ UQNWEKP C NC
WUWTRCEKP FG NC KFGPVKFCF CN CEEGUQ UGIWTQ C WP GFKEKQ 6CODKP UG FGDG TGEQPQEGT SWG GN CNOCEGPCOKGPVQ FG NQU





*EFOUJDBDJO EF QBDJFOUFT

FCVQU CUQEKCFQU CN UGIWKOKGPVQ FG NCU OGTECPECU C PK

XGN FG CTVEWNQ QEWRCTC OWEJQU VGTCD[VGU 'U OWEJQ OU
RTQDCDNG SWG NCU OGTECPECU UGCP UGIWKFCU C PKXGN FG RCNU
WUCPFQ GVKSWGVCU 4(+& [ C PKXGN FG CTVEWNQ EQP RTQFWEVQ
PKEQ GP NWICT FG EFKIQU FG DCTTCU PKEQU RQT CTVEWNQ
.QU EFKIQU 4(+& UQP VCP NCTIQU SWG ECFC GVKSWGVC 4(+&
RWGFG VGPGT WP EFKIQ PKEQ OKGPVTCU SWG NQU EFKIQU
72% CEVWCNGU UG NKOKVCP C WP UQNQ EFKIQ RCTC VQFQU NQU
ECUQU FG WP RTQFWEVQ RCTVKEWNCT .C WPKEKFCF FG NCU GVK
SWGVCU 4(+& UKIPKEC SWG WP RTQFWEVQ RWGFG UGT UGIWKFQ
KPFKXKFWCNOGPVG OKGPVTCU UG OWGXG FG NWICT GP NWICT VGT
OKPCPFQ PCNOGPVG GP OCPQU FGN EQPUWOKFQT 'UVQ RWG
FG C[WFCT C NCU EQORCCU C EQODCVKT GN JWTVQ [ QVTCU
HQTOCU FG RTFKFC FGN RTQFWEVQ 6CODKP UG JC RTQRWGU
VQ WVKNK\CT 4(+& RCTC EQORTQDCEKP FG CNOCEP FGUFG GN
RWPVQ FG XGPVC [ UWUVKVWKT CU CN GPECTICFQ FG NC ECLC RQT
WP UKUVGOC CWVQOVKEQ SWG PQ PGEGUKVG PKPIWPC ECRVCEKP
FG EFKIQU FG DCTTCU 5KP GODCTIQ PQ GU RTQDCDNG SWG GU
VQ UGC RQUKDNG UKP WPC TGFWEEKP UKIPKECVKXC GP GN EQUVG
FG NCU GVKSWGVCU CEVWCNGU 5G GUV NNGXCPFQ C ECDQ WPC KP
XGUVKICEKP UQDTG NC VKPVC SWG UG RWGFG WVKNK\CT EQOQ GVK
SWGVC 4(+& SWG TGFWEKTC EQUVGU FG HQTOC UKIPKECVKXC
5KP GODCTIQ HCNVCP VQFCXC CNIWPQU CQU RCTC SWG GUVQ
F UWU HTWVQU

10.2 Identicacin de pacientes

'P LWNKQ FG  NC 'PPE BOE %SVH "ENJOJTUSBUJPO
#F
OKPKUVTCEKP FG #NKOGPVQU [ /GFKECOGPVQU JK\Q RDNKEC
NC FGEKUKP FG EQOGP\CT WP RTQEGUQ FG GUVWFKQ SWG FGVGT
OKPCT UK NQU JQURKVCNGU RWGFGP WVKNK\CT UKUVGOCU 4(+&
RCTC identicar a pacientes *QURKVCN .C (G Q RCTC RGT
OKVKT GN CEEGUQ RQT RCTVG FGN RGTUQPCN TGNGXCPVG FGN JQU
RKVCN C NQU GZRGFKGPVGU OFKEQU 'N WUQ FG 4(+& RCTC
RTGXGPKT OG\ENCU GPVTG GURGTOC [ XWNQU GP NCU ENPKECU
FG HGEWPFCEKP KP XKVTQ VCODKP GUV UKGPFQ EQPUKFGTC
FQ  #FGOU NC (&# CRTQD TGEKGPVGOGPVG NQU RTKOG
TQU EJKRU 4(+& FG ''77 SWG UG RWGFGP KORNCPVCT GP
UGTGU JWOCPQU .QU EJKRU 4(+& FG M*\ FG 8GTK
%JKR %QTR WPC UWDUKFKCTKC FG #RRNKGF &KIKVCN 5QNWVKQPU
+PE RWGFGP KPEQTRQTCT KPHQTOCEKP OFKEC RGTUQPCN [
RQFTCP UCNXCT XKFCU [ NKOKVCT NGUKQPGU ECWUCFCU RQT GTTQ
TGU GP VTCVCOKGPVQU OFKEQU UGIP NC EQORCC .C CRTQ
DCEKP RQT RCTVG FG NC (&# HWG FKXWNICFC FWTCPVG WPC
EQPHGTGPEKC VGNGHPKEC EQP NQU KPXGTUKQPKUVCU 6CODKP UG
JC RTQRWGUVQ UW CRNKECEKP GP GN JQICT RCTC RGTOKVKT RQT
GLGORNQ SWG WP HTKIQTEQ RWGFC EQPQEGT NCU HGEJCU FG
ECFWEKFCF FG NQU CNKOGPVQU SWG EQPVKGPG RGTQ JC JCDKFQ
RQEQU CXCPEGU OU CNN FG UKORNGU RTQVQVKRQU

1VTC WVKNK\CEKP GP GN UGEVQT UCPKVCTKQ GU NC NQECNK\CEKP

FG GZRGFKGPVG ENPKEQU FGPVTQ FG WP GPVQTPQ OCUKXQ Q FG
CNOCEGPGU FGUEGPVTCNK\CFQU GU FGEKT GP CNOCEGPGU HWG
TC FGN JQURKVCN .C IGUVKP FG KPXGPVCTKQ [ NC NQECNK\CEKP
UG RWGFGP OGLQTCT CNVCOGPVG QDVGPKGPFQ TGUWNVCFQU KP
ETGDNGU EQP UNQ RQPGT WP EJKR FG 4(+& GP NQU OKUOQU
#FGOU EQP NQU FKURQUKVKXQU FG NGEVWTC OCUKXC UG RWGFG
10.1 Gen 2
ICTCPVK\CT GN  FG NGEVWTC FG NQU GZRGFKGPVGU ENPKEQU
[ EQPUGIWKT NC VTC\CDKNKFCF EQORNGVC UKP RTQDNGOCU [ FG
7PC QTICPK\CEKP NNCOCFC '2%INQDCN GUV VTCDCLCPFQ GP WPC OCPGTC OW[ UGPEKNNC
WP GUVPFCT KPVGTPCEKQPCN RCTC GN WUQ FG 4(+& [ '2% GP
NC KFGPVKECEKP FG EWCNSWKGT CTVEWNQ GP NC ECFGPC FG UW
OKPKUVTQ RCTC NCU EQORCCU FG EWCNSWKGT VKRQ FG KPFWU 10.3 Trco y posicionamiento
VTKC GP EWCNSWKGT NWICT FGN OWPFQ 'N EQPUGLQ UWRGTKQT
FG NC QTICPK\CEKP KPENW[G TGRTGUGPVCPVGU FG '#0 +PVGT 1VTC CRNKECEKP RTQRWGUVC GU GN WUQ FG 4(+& RCTC seales
PCVKQPCN 7PKHQTO %QFG %QWPEKN 6JG )KNNGVVG %QORCP[ de trco inteligentes GP NC ECTTGVGTC 5G DCUC GP GN WUQ
2TQEVGT  )CODNG 9CN/CTV *GYNGVV2CEMCTF ,QJPUQP FG VTCPURQPFGFQTGU 4(+& GPVGTTCFQU DCLQ GN RCXKOGPVQ
 ,QJPUQP 5#61 CPF #WVQ+& .CDU #NIWPQU UKUVGOCU
TCFKQDCNK\CU SWG UQP NGFQU RQT WPC WPKFCF SWG NNGXC GN
4(+& WVKNK\CP GUVPFCTGU CNVGTPCVKXQU DCUCFQU GP NC ENCUK XGJEWNQ
1$7 FG POCPBSE VOJU SWG NVTC NCU FKXGTUCU UG
CNGU FG VTEQ [ NCU VTCFWEG C OGPUCLGU FG XQ\ Q FC WPC
ECEKP +51 
RTQ[GEEKP XKTVWCN WUCPFQ WP *7&
)FBET6Q %JTQMBZ
'N GUVPFCT IGP  FG '2%INQDCN HWG CRTQDCFQ GP 5W RTKPEKRCN XGPVCLC EQORCTCFCU EQP NQU UKUVGOCU DCUCFQU
FKEKGODTG FG  [ GU RTQDCDNG SWG NNGIWG C HQTOCT GP UCVNKVG GU SWG NCU TCFKQDCNK\CU PQ PGEGUKVCP FG OCRGC
NC GURKPC FQTUCN FG NQU GUVPFCTGU GP GVKSWGVCU 4(+& FG FQ FKIKVCN [C SWG RTQRQTEKQPCP GN UODQNQ FG NC UGCN FG
CJQTC GP CFGNCPVG 'UVQ HWG CRTQDCFQ FGURWU FG WPC EQP VTEQ [ NC KPHQTOCEKP FG UW RQUKEKP RQT U OKUOCU .CU
VGPEKP FG +PVGTOGE RQT NC RQUKDKNKFCF FG SWG GN GUVPFCT TCFKQDCNK\CU 4(+& VCODKP UQP VKNGU RCTC EQORNGOGPVCT
RWFKGTC KPHTKPIKT XCTKCU RCVGPVGU UW[CU TGNCEKQPCFCU EQP UKUVGOCU FG RQUKEKQPCOKGPVQ FG UCVNKVG GP NWICTGU EQOQ
4(+& 5G FGEKFK SWG GN GUVPFCT GP U OKUOQ PQ KPHTKPIC NQU VPGNGU Q KPVGTKQTGU Q GP GN IWKCFQ FG RGTUQPCU EKGICU
UWU RCVGPVGU UKPQ SWG RWGFG UGT PGEGUCTKQ RCICT FGTGEJQU
C +PVGTOGE UK NC GVKSWGVC UG NG[GTC FG WP OQFQ RCTVKEWNCT
'2% )GP GU NC CDTGXKCVWTC FG '2%INQDCN 7*( )GPG
11 Polmicas sobre su utilizacin
TCVKQP 
'P LWPKQ FG  NC +51 CFQRV GN GUVPFCT DCLQ GN PQO
DTG +51+'% %

%OQ UG UGPVKTC WUVGF UK RQT GLGORNQ

WP FC UG FKGTC EWGPVC FG SWG UW TQRC KPVGTKQT



 10-.*$"4 40#3& 46 65*-*;"$*/

UKIWGP UKGPFQ HWPEKQPCNGU KPENWUQ FGURWU FG SWG UG JC
[CP EQORTCFQ NQU RTQFWEVQU [ UG JC[CP NNGXCFQ C ECUC
[ GUVQ RWGFG WVKNK\CTUG RCTC XKIKNCPEKC [ QVTQU RTQRUKVQU
EWGUVKQPCDNGU UKP TGNCEKP CNIWPC EQP UWU HWPEKQPGU FG KP
XGPVCTKQ GP NC ECFGPC FG UWOKPKUVTQ #WPSWG NC KPVGPEKP
GU GORNGCT GVKSWGVCU 4(+& FG EQTVC FKUVCPEKC UVCU RWG
FGP UGT KPVGTTQICFCU C OC[QTGU FKUVCPEKCU RQT EWCNSWKGT
RGTUQPC EQP WPC CPVGPC FG CNVC ICPCPEKC RGTOKVKGPFQ FG
HQTOC RQVGPEKCN SWG GN EQPVGPKFQ FG WPC ECUC RWGFC UGT
GZRNQTCFQ FGUFG EKGTVC FKUVCPEKC +PENWUQ WP GUECPGCFQ FG
TCPIQ EQTVQ GU RTGQEWRCPVG UK VQFQU NQU CTVEWNQU FGVGE
VCFQU CRCTGEGP GP WPC DCUG FG FCVQU ECFC XG\ SWG WPC
RGTUQPC RCUC WP NGEVQT Q UK UG JCEG FG HQTOC OCNKPVGP
EKQPCFC
RQT GLGORNQ WP TQDQ GORNGCPFQ WP GUEPGT FG
OCPQ RQTVVKN RCTC QDVGPGT WPC GXCNWCEKP KPUVCPVPGC FG
NC ECPVKFCF FG XEVKOCU RQVGPEKCNGU %QP POGTQU FG UG
TKG 4(+& RGTOCPGPVGU WP CTVEWNQ RTQRQTEKQPC KPHQTOC
EKP KPGURGTCFC UQDTG WPC RGTUQPC KPENWUQ FGURWU FG UW
GNKOKPCEKP RQT GLGORNQ NQU CTVEWNQU SWG UG TGXGPFGP
Q UG TGICNCP RWGFGP RGTOKVKT VTC\CT NC TGF UQEKCN FG WPC
RGTUQPC

3BEJPCBMJ[BT

RGTOKVG TGXGNCT UW RCTCFGTQ!

.C UGPCFQTC FGN GUVCFQ FG %CNKHQTPKC &GDTC
$QYGP GP WPC CWFKGPEKC GP 
'N WUQ FG NC VGEPQNQIC 4(+& JC ECWUCFQ WPC EQPUKFGTC
DNG RQNOKEC G KPENWUQ DQKEQVU FG RTQFWEVQU .CU EWCVTQ
TC\QPGU RTKPEKRCNGU RQT NCU SWG 4(+& TGUWNVC RTGQEWRCPVG
GP NQ SWG C RTKXCEKFCF UG TGGTG UQP
'N EQORTCFQT FG WP CTVEWNQ PQ VKGPG RQT SW UCDGT
FG NC RTGUGPEKC FG NC GVKSWGVC Q UGT ECRC\ FG GNKOK
PCTNC

1VTQ RTQDNGOC TGHGTGPVG C NC RTKXCEKFCF GU FGDKFQ CN UQ

RQTVG RCTC WP RTQVQEQNQ FG TJOHVMBUJPO
CPVKEQNKUKP 'U
VC GU NC TC\P RQT NC EWCN WP NGEVQT RWGFG GPWOGTCT VQFCU
NCU GVKSWGVCU SWG TGURQPFGP C N UKP SWG GNNCU KPVGTGTCP
GPVTG U .C GUVTWEVWTC FG NC XGTUKP OU EQOP FG GUVG
RTQVQEQNQ GU VCN SWG VQFQU NQU DKVU FGN POGTQ FG UGTKG
FG NC GVKSWGVC UCNXQ GN NVKOQ UG RWGFGP FGFWEKT RQT FB
WFTESPQQJOH
FGVGEEKP C FKUVCPEKC RCUKXQ VCP UNQ GP NC
RCTVG FGN RTQVQEQNQ SWG CHGEVC CN NGEVQT 2QT GUVC TC\P UK
NCU GVKSWGVCU 4(+& GUVP EGTEC FG CNIP NGEVQT NC FKUVCP
EKC GP NC EWCN NC UGCN FG WPC GVKSWGVC RWGFG UGT FTDVDIBEB
GU KTTGNGXCPVG .Q SWG KORQTVC GU NC FKUVCPEKC C NC SWG WP
NGEVQT FG OWEJQ OU CNECPEG RWGFG TGEKDKT NC UGCN +P
FGRGPFKGPVGOGPVG FG SWG GUVQ FGRGPFC FG NC FKUVCPEKC C
NC SWG UG GPEWGPVTG GN NGEVQT [ FG SW VKRQ UGC GP WP EC
UQ GZVTGOQ CNIWPQU NGEVQTGU VKGPGP WPC UCNKFC FG GPGTIC
OZKOC
 9 SWG UG RQFTC TGEKDKT C FKG\ MKNOGVTQU FG
FKUVCPEKC

.C GVKSWGVC RWGFG UGT NGFC C EKGTVC FKUVCPEKC UKP EQ 11.1 Pasaportes
PQEKOKGPVQ RQT RCTVG FGN KPFKXKFWQ
8CTKQU RCUGU JCP RTQRWGUVQ NC KORNCPVCEKP FG FKURQUKVK
5K WP CTVEWNQ GVKSWGVCFQ GU RCICFQ OGFKCPVG VCT XQU 4(+& GP NQU PWGXQU RCUCRQTVGU RCTC CWOGPVCT NC G
LGVC FG ETFKVQ Q EQPLWPVCOGPVG EQP GN WUQ FG WPC EKGPEKC GP NCU OSWKPCU FG NGEVWTC FG FCVQU DKQOVTKEQU
VCTLGVC FG FGNKFCF GPVQPEGU UGTC RQUKDNG GPNC\CT NC 'N GZRGTVQ GP UGIWTKFCF $TWEG 5EJPGKGT FKLQ C TC\ FG GU
+& PKEC FG GUG CTVEWNQ EQP NC KFGPVKFCF FGN EQO VCU RTQRWGUVCU 'U WPC COGPC\C ENCTC VCPVQ RCTC NC UG
IWTKFCF RGTUQPCN EQOQ RCTC NC RTKXCEKFCF 5KORNGOGPVG
RTCFQT
GU WPC OCNC KFGC .QU RCUCRQTVGU EQP 4(+& KPVGITCFQ
'N UKUVGOC FG GVKSWGVCU '2%)NQDCN ETGC Q RTGVGPFG PKECOGPVG KFGPVKECP C UW RQTVCFQT [ GP NC RTQRWGUVC
ETGCT POGTQU FG UGTKG INQDCNGU PKEQU RCTC VQFQU SWG UG GUV EQPUKFGTCPFQ VCODKP KPENWKTCP QVTQU FCVQU
NQU RTQFWEVQU CWPSWG GUVQ ETGG RTQDNGOCU FG RTKXC RGTUQPCNGU 'UVQ RQFTC JCEGT OWEJQ OU UGPEKNNQU CNIW
EKFCF [ UGC VQVCNOGPVG KPPGEGUCTKQ GP NC OC[QTC FG PQU FG NQU CDWUQU FG NC VGEPQNQIC 4(+& SWG UG CECDCP FG
NCU CRNKECEKQPGU
EQOGPVCT [ UG RQFTC GZRCPFKT NC ECPVKFCF FG FCVQU RC
TC KPENWKT RQT GLGORNQ CDWUQU DCUCFQU GP NC NGEVWTC FG NC
.C OC[QTC FG NCU RTGQEWRCEKQPGU IKTCP CNTGFGFQT FGN JG PCEKQPCNKFCF FG WPC RGTUQPC 2QT GLGORNQ WP CUCNVQ EGTEC
EJQ FG SWG NCU GVKSWGVCU 4(+& RWGUVCU GP NQU RTQFWEVQU FG WP CGTQRWGTVQ RQFTC VGPGT EQOQ QDLGVKXQ C XEVKOCU


SWG JCP NNGICFQ FG RCUGU TKEQU Q WP VGTTQTKUVC RQFTC FK FQT FGN QDLGVQ 7P 4(+& KORNCPVCFQ UGTC OU FKHEKN FG
UGCT WPC DQODC SWG HWPEKQPCTC EWCPFQ GUVWXKGTC EGTEC PGWVTCNK\CT EQP FKEJQ DNKPFCLG RGTQ KPENWUQ WPC EWDKGTVC
FG RGTUQPCU FG WP RCU GP RCTVKEWNCT
UKORNG FG RCRGN FG CNWOKPKQ CVGPWCTC NC EQORQPGPVG FG
'N &GRCTVCOGPVQ FG 'UVCFQ FG NQU 'UVCFQU 7PKFQU TGEJC ECORQ GNEVTKEQ FG NCU UGCNGU
\ GP WP RTKOGT OQOGPVQ GUVCU JKRVGUKU RQTSWG RGPUC
DCP SWG NQU EJKRU UNQ RQFTCP UGT NGFQU FGUFG WPC FKU
VCPEKC FG  EO UKP VGPGT GP EWGPVC OU FG  EQ
OGPVCTKQU ETVKEQU FG RTQHGUKQPCNGU FG NC UGIWTKFCF [ WPC
FGOQUVTCEKP ENCTC FG SWG EQP WP GSWKRQ GURGEKCN UG RWG
FGP NGGT NQU RCUCRQTVGU FGUFG  OGVTQU =?

0GWVTCNK\CT RGTOCPGPVGOGPVG GN 4(+& RQFTC PGEGUKVCT

WPC HWGTVG EQTTKGPVG GNEVTKEC CNVGTPC CF[CEGPVG CN 4(+&
SWG UQDTGECTIWG NC GVKSWGVC [ FGUVTW[C UW GNGEVTPKEC 'P
CNIWPQU ECUQU FGRGPFKGPFQ FG NC EQORQUKEKP FGN 4(+&
WP KOP HWGTVG RWGFG UGTXKT RCTC FGUVTWKT OGEPKECOGPVG
NC DQDKPC Q NC EQPGZKP FGN EJKR RQT NC HWGT\C OGEPKEC
.C CWVQTKFCF FG NQU RCUCRQTVGU FG 2CMKUVP JC EQOGP\CFQ GLGTEKFC GP NC DQDKPC %QP GN FGUCTTQNNQ FG NC VGEPQNQIC
4(+& RWGFGP UGT PGEGUCTKQU QVTQU OVQFQU
C GZRGFKT RCUCRQTVGU EQP GVKSWGVCU 4(+&

11.2

Carnet de conducir

'N GUVCFQ GUVCFQWPKFGPUG FG 8KTIKPKC JC RGPUCFQ GP RQPGT

GVKSWGVCU 4(+& GP NQU ECTPGV FG EQPFWEEKP EQP GN QDLGVK
XQ FG SWG NQU RQNKECU [ QVTQU QEKCNGU TGCNKEGP EQORTQDC
EKQPGU FG WPC HQTOC OU TRKFC .C #UCODNGC )GPGTCN FG
8KTIKPKC VCODKP GURGTC SWG CN KPENWKT NCU GVKSWGVCU EWGU
VG OWEJQ OU QDVGPGT FQEWOGPVQU FG KFGPVKFCF HCNUQU .C
RTQRWGUVC UG RTGUGPV RQT RTKOGTC XG\ GP GN %SJWFST -J
DFOTF .PEFSOJ[BUJPO "DU FG  SWG PQ HWG RTQOWNICFC
RGTQ GP  GN EQPEGRVQ VQFCXC GUVCDC EQPUKFGTPFQUG
.C KFGC HWG RTQOQXKFC RQT GN JGEJQ FG SWG XCTKQU FG
NQU RKTCVCU CTGQU FG NQU CVGPVCFQU FGN  FG UGRVKGO
DTG VGPCP ECTPGVU FG EQPFWEKT FG 8KTIKPKC HTCWFWNGPVQU
5KP GODCTIQ NC #OGTKECP %KXKN .KDGTVKGU 7PKQP FKLQ SWG
CFGOU FG UGT WP TKGUIQ RCTC NC RTKXCEKFCF [ NC NKDGTVCF
NC RTQRWGUVC FGN 4(+& PQ JCDTC GPVQTRGEKFQ C NQU VGTTQ
TKUVCU FCFQ SWG NC FQEWOGPVCEKP HCNUC SWG RQTVCDCP GTC
XNKFC RWGU GTCP FQEWOGPVQU QEKCNGU QDVGPKFQU EQP QVTC
KFGPVKECEKP HCNUC .C FGDKNKFCF FGN UKUVGOC GU SWG PQ
HCNNC EWCPFQ UG XCNKFCP FQEWOGPVQU GP GN OQOGPVQ UKPQ
SWG HCNNC CN XGTKECT NC KFGPVKFCF CPVGU FG GZRGFKTNQU
$CLQ NC RTQRWGUVC PQ UG CNOCEGPCTC PKPIWPC KPHQTOC
EKP GP NC GVKSWGVC UCNXQ GN POGTQ EQTTGURQPFKGPVG C NC
KPHQTOCEKP FGN RQTVCFQT GP WPC DCUG FG FCVQU UNQ CEEG
UKDNG RQT RGTUQPCN CWVQTK\CFQ #FGOU RCTC FKUWCFKT C NCU
HCNUKECEKQPGU FG KFGPVKFCF UNQ UGTC PGEGUCTKQ GPXQNXGT
WP ECTPGV FG EQPFWEKT EQP RCRGN FG CNWOKPKQ 

11.3

Blindajes Faraday como una contramedida al RFID

5G RWGFG WVKNK\CT WPC LCWNC FG (CTCFC[ RCTC GXKVCT SWG

NCU UGCNGU FG TCFKQHTGEWGPEKC UG GUECRGP Q GPVTGP GP WPC
\QPC CEVWCPFQ EQOQ WP DNKPFCLG 4(
5K UG TQFGCTC WP FKURQUKVKXQ 4(+& EQP WP DNKPFCLG FG (C
TCFC[ VGPFTC UGCNGU GPVTCPVGU [ UCNKGPVGU OW[ CVGPWCFCU
JCUVC GN RWPVQ FG SWG PQ RQFTCP UGT WVKNK\CDNGU 7P DNKP
FCLG FG (CTCFC[ OW[ UGPEKNNQ XNKFQ RCTC NC OC[QTC FG
NQU RTQRUKVQU UGTC WP GPXQNVQTKQ FG RCRGN FG CNWOKPKQ
7PQ OU GHGEVKXQ UGTC WP TGEVPIWNQ FG EQDTG CNTGFG

.CU GVKSWGVCU FG  M*\  M*\

DCLC HTGEWGPEKC [
GP XCTKQU ECUQU  /*\
CNVC HTGEWGPEKC GUVP WPKFCU
RQT WP ECORQ OCIPVKEQ GP NWICT FG WP ECORQ GNEVTKEQ
GU NQ SWG UG FGPQOKPC CEQRNCOKGPVQ KPFWEVKXQ %QOQ NC
LCWNC FG (CTCFC[ DNKPFC UQNCOGPVG NC EQORQPGPVG GNE
VTKEC FGN ECORQ GNGEVTQOCIPVKEQ GN DNKPFCLG FG RCRGN FG
CNWOKPKQ GU KPGEC\ %WCNSWKGT DNKPFCLG OCIPVKEQ EQOQ
RQT GLGORNQ WPC JQLC PC FG JKGTTQ Q CEGTQ GPECRUWNCPFQ
NC DQDKPC FG NC CPVGPC FG NC GVKSWGVC UGT GEC\

12 Vase tambin
%JKRU GURCU
%FKIQ GNGEVTPKEQ FG RTQFWEVQ
/KFFNGYCTG 4(+&
4QDQV FQOUVKEQ

13 Referencias
$JCVVCEJCT[C 5JCQPK  'NGEVTQPKE VCIU HQT
GIIU URGTO CPF GODT[QU GP 0GY 5EKGPVKUVEQO 
FG CDTKN FG 
=? )BDLJOH &YQPTFE -JOVY -JOVY 4FDVSJUZ 4FDSFUT  4PMVUJPOT

k GFKEKP /E)TCY*KNN 1UDQTPG /GFKC  R 

+5$0 
=? &CTICP )CWTCX ,QJPUQP$TKCP 2CPEJCNKPICO /WMWPV
JCP 5VTCVKU %JTKU
 6JG 7UG QH 4CFKQ (TGSWGPE[
+FGPVKECVKQP CU C 4GRNCEGOGPV HQT 6TCFKVKQPCN $CTEQFKPI
=? .CPFV ,GTT[
 l5JTQWFU QH 6KOG 6JG JKUVQT[ QH
4(+&|
2&( "*. *OD %QPUWNVCFQ GN  FG OC[Q FG

=? l0GYU TGNGCUG 9QTNFU UOCNNGUV CPF VJKPPGUV  
OO  vO VJKEM 4(+& +% EJKR| *KVCEJK .VF  FG HG
DTGTQ  %QPUWNVCFQ GN  FG GPGTQ FG 
=? *CTC ;QUJKMQ
 FG HGDTGTQ FG  )JUBDIJ BEWBO
DFT QBQFSUIJO 3'*% DIJQ ''6KOGU %QPUWNVCFQ GN  FG
GPGTQ FG 



 &/-"$&4 &95&3/04

=? 8PSMET UJOJFTU 3'*% UBH VOWFJMFE

GP KPINU $$% 0GYU

 FG HGDTGTQ FG  %QPUWNVCFQ GN  FG FKEKGODTG

FG 
=? 6GFLCUCRWVTC #FK
 FG FKEKGODTG FG  l4(+& 6CI
#VVCEJOGPVU| 4(+& #UKC %QPUWNVCFQ GN  FG CIQUVQ FG

=? 6GFLCUCRWVTC #FK
 FG HGDTGTQ FG  l&KIGUVKDNG
4(+& 6CI CP #NVGTPCVKXG HQT ;QWT +PVGTPCN $QF[ /QPK
VQTKPI| 4(+& #UKC %QPUWNVCFQ GN  FG CIQUVQ FG 
=? 6GFLCUCRWVTC #FK
 FG FKEKGODTG  l6JG #TV CPF
5EKGPEG QH 4(+& 6CIIKPI| 4(+& #UKC %QPUWNVCFQ GN 
FG CIQUVQ FG 
=? 9GD FG '2%INQDCN
=? ^WTNJVVRYYYV[EQGUTGEWTUQU
PQVKEKCU[GUVWFKQUPQVKEKCUUGIWTKFCFPGYU
V[EQKORNGOGPVCWPCUQNWEKQPCXCP\CFCFGKPXGPVCTKQKPVGNKIGPVGEQPTHKFRCTCGNITWRQKPFKVGZ
^VVWNQ'N )TWRQ +PFKVGZ [ 6[EQ KPPQXCP GP UQNWEKQPGU
4(+& RCTC VKGPFCU^HGEJC FG LWPKQ ^ UQNWEKP
CXCP\CFC FG KPXGPVCTKQ KPVGNKIGPVG EQP 4(+&
=? $CTEGNQPC ENWDDGTU IGV EJKRRGF
=? &CP )QQFKP
 FG HGDTGTQ FG  l2CUURQTV 4(+&U ENQ
PGF YJQNGUCNG D[  G$C[ CWEVKQP URTGG|
GP KPINU
%QPUWNVCFQ GN  FG HGDTGTQ FG   #TVEWNQ GP GN SWG UG
GZRNKEC EQOQ %JTKU 2CIGV GZRGTVQ GP UGIWTKFCF JC EQPUG
IWKFQ ENQPCT XCTKQU RCUCRQTVGU COGTKECPQU EQP WP FKURQUK
VKXQ CFSWKTKFQ GP G$C[ [ WP RCUGQ GP EQEJG FG  OKPWVQU

14

Enlaces externos
9KMKOGFKC %QOOQPU CNDGTIC EQPVGPKFQ OWNVK
OGFKC UQDTG RFID %QOOQPU

9JCV KU 4(+& CPF *QY &QGU KV 9QTM!



15
15.1

Texto e imgenes de origen, colaboradores y licencias

Texto

RFID 'VFOUF JVVRGUYKMKRGFKCQTIYKMK4(+&!QNFKF $PMBCPSBEPSFT ,QTIG)) 8CPDCUVGP  &QFQ ,[PWU #UEPFGT 5OU
%QQMKG ,QPFGN /WTRJ[ GTC WP QRVKOKUVC #TKP#TKP )CDTKGN #DTKN 6ZWURG 4GPCDQV 6CTCIWK *KURC :WCPMCT ,/2GTG\ 6K\QP 6CKEJK
4GODKCRQ RQJ[KGVG
DQV -QMQQ #CFTQXGT 1TIWNNQDQV`GUYKMK 4QDQV3WKUVPKZ (TCPEQUTQFTKIWG\ 5WRGT\GTQEQQN %JQDQV ;TDQV (NC$QV
8CTCPQ ;WTKM$QV -PKIJV4KFGT -CDTK #ECNRKZEC 'UMKODQV #TOGPIQN`GUYKMK %JNGYDQV (KNKRQ 4QEJG (QNMXCPIGT 9KUUQPU ,QTIGEJR
,'&+-0+)*6 %'/DQV ,WNKQRGFTGKTC #NGZCX -GTDGTQUFGNJCFGU $CKLK 4QDGTRN 4QUCTKPCIC\Q )CHQVCU 2CDNQ%CUVGNNCPQ 'UG
PCDTG %QOUVQEM #0'.-#15 ,#P&DQV -XGF 'IECNCDWKI &GCVJ /CUVGT /WTQ FG #IWCU %QOOQPU&GNKPMGT 6:K-K$Q6 0QNCK\ 0G
VKVQ 4GKDQV (KZGTVQQN 2NWZ 9KMKEJCUSWK $KCUQNK 8QNMQX$QV 6KFUC 4QD $NCPEQ ,JQP9KNDGT`GUYKMK /CVFTQFGU 9KMK
/WTQ $QV 0WODQ 5KG$QV 2CKPV$QV &C$QV`GUYKMK 5CIGQ $KIUWUDQV /EQNQOC /CPY ,KOGPQL .6$ $GND (LFOWTKNNQ ,XGNCUEQ
6KTKVJGN *7$ 2GTGNK`GUYKMK 5VCT$16 $QVGNNP -CTKOCTK .GQPRQNCPEQ 'PNKDGTVCF $QVKVQ .QTF6 &CTMKEGDQV #VKNC TG[ 4IG
/CPGNLCTC $CTVCETW\ -CFGNNCT ,WPKRGTWU #8$16 .WEKGP$16 /CTEQ#WTGNKQ 6CPJCDQV &KGIWULCKOGU &WO<K$Q6 /GNCPEJQNKG$QV
5FGRCTGU #TLWPQ (CXCTICUU .GVWQ (CK$16 &CPIGNKP 6GEPQNQIKUVKEC $KNNKPIJWTUV -G[VGE ,WCP )CTEC )CTEC 'IQOQTCNGU :PC
EJ1 #UKUEQPUWNVQTGU 1DGTUCEJUGDQV :SDQV ,MDY )JCN[$QV 4WDKPDQV ;CTICO`GUYKMK %JGP\Y$QV 4QIGTJ`GUYKMK +IPC #UVC$16J
6KTK$16 6QDG$QV &CPKVJGDGUV #DGEG 2CVTW$16 -COKMC\G$QV &KPCOKMDQV #TYKP, 5GDCUIWK -KOCNFKMCTFQPC )TQWEJQ$QV -KOG
NGEVTQPKEU 'OCWU$QV )TKNNKVWU 9KNHGTQ ,WCPEQFGTGF 9KMKVCPXKT$QV &KCOQPFNCPF %QEW$QV 6ZQOQP #PVQPQTUK 'E -.$QV
/CIPWU#$QV /GVTQ$QV 'NXKUQT %QFKIQZ  \O &TQRDGCTNKOKVGF 'IQOGZKEQ #TDWGU 6UWPFGTGDQV 5JKTNG['U #PPKOQ 2C
VTKEKC V[ $GPLC$QV [ #PPKOQU 

15.2

Imgenes

Archivo:Ario_370DL.png 'VFOUF JVVRWRNQCFYKMKOGFKCQTIYKMKRGFKCEQOOQPU#TKQA&.RPI -JDFODJB %% $;  $PMB

CPSBEPSFT 2CDNQ 5CPEJQ "SUJTUB PSJHJOBM 2CDNQ 5CPEJQ
Archivo:Commons-logo.svg 'VFOUF JVVRWRNQCFYKMKOGFKCQTIYKMKRGFKCEQOOQPUC%QOOQPUNQIQUXI -JDFODJB 2WDNKE FQOCKP
$PMBCPSBEPSFT 6JKU XGTUKQP ETGCVGF D[ 2WODCC WUKPI C RTQRGT RCTVKCN EKTENG CPF 58) IGQOGVT[ HGCVWTGU
(QTOGT XGTUKQPU WUGF VQ DG UNKIJVN[
YCTRGF "SUJTUB PSJHJOBM 58) XGTUKQP YCU ETGCVGF D[ 7UGT)TWPV CPF ENGCPGF WR D[  DCUGF QP VJG GCTNKGT 20) XGTUKQP ETGCVGF D[
4GKFCD
Archivo:Desempeocr2030.jpg 'VFOUF JVVRWRNQCFYKMKOGFKCQTIYKMKRGFKCEQOOQPU&GUGORG%$QETLRI -JDFO
DJB 2WDNKE FQOCKP $PMBCPSBEPSFT 6TCDCLQ RTQRKQ "SUJTUB PSJHJOBM ,JQP 9KNDGT 6CRKC 2KPVQ
Archivo:Dimencionesrfid.jpg 'VFOUF JVVRWRNQCFYKMKOGFKCQTIYKMKRGFKCEQOOQPUFF&KOGPEKQPGUTHKFLRI -JDFODJB 2WDNKE FQ
OCKP $PMBCPSBEPSFT 6TCDCLQ RTQRKQ "SUJTUB PSJHJOBM ,JQP 9KNDGT 6CRKC 2KPVQ
Archivo:EPC-RFID-TAG.svg 'VFOUF JVVRWRNQCFYKMKOGFKCQTIYKMKRGFKCEQOOQPUFF'2%4(+&6#)UXI -JDFODJB %%$;
5# $PMBCPSBEPSFT
'2%4(+&6#)LRI "SUJTUB PSJHJOBM
FGTKXCVKXG YQTM 5CMWTCODQ
VCNM

Archivo:FasTrak_transponder.jpg 'VFOUF JVVRWRNQCFYKMKOGFKCQTIYKMKRGFKCEQOOQPU(CU6TCMAVTCPURQPFGTLRI -JDFODJB

%%$;5# $PMBCPSBEPSFT ! "SUJTUB PSJHJOBM !
Archivo:RFID_backscatter.png 'VFOUF JVVRWRNQCFYKMKOGFKCQTIYKMKRGFKCEQOOQPUEEH4(+&ADCEMUECVVGTRPI -JDFODJB %%
$;5#  GU $PMBCPSBEPSFT 6TCDCLQ RTQRKQ "SUJTUB PSJHJOBM 4QD $NCPEQ
Archivo:RFID_hand_1.jpg 'VFOUF JVVRWRNQCFYKMKOGFKCQTIYKMKRGFKCEQOOQPU4(+&AJCPFALRI -JDFODJB %% $;5# 
$PMBCPSBEPSFT ! "SUJTUB PSJHJOBM !
Archivo:RFID_hand_2.jpg 'VFOUF JVVRWRNQCFYKMKOGFKCQTIYKMKRGFKCEQOOQPUEE4(+&AJCPFALRI -JDFODJB %% $;5# 
$PMBCPSBEPSFT JVVRHNKEMTEQORJQVQU"0KPUGV "SUJTUB PSJHJOBM #OCN )TCCHUVTC
Archivo:RFID_search_environment.png 'VFOUF JVVRWRNQCFYKMKOGFKCQTIYKMKRGFKCEQOOQPU4(+&AUGCTEJAGPXKTQPOGPV
RPI -JDFODJB %% $;5#  GU $PMBCPSBEPSFT 6TCDCLQ RTQRKQ "SUJTUB PSJHJOBM 4QD $NCPEQ
Archivo:Rfidrp.jpg 'VFOUF JVVRWRNQCFYKMKOGFKCQTIYKMKRGFKCEQOOQPU4HKFTRLRI -JDFODJB %%$;5# $PMBCPSBEPSFT
! "SUJTUB PSJHJOBM !
Archivo:Roadbeacons.jpg 'VFOUF JVVRWRNQCFYKMKOGFKCQTIYKMKRGFKCEQOOQPU4QCFDGCEQPULRI -JDFODJB %% $;5# 
$PMBCPSBEPSFT ! "SUJTUB PSJHJOBM !

15.3

Licencia de contenido

%TGCVKXG %QOOQPU #VVTKDWVKQP5JCTG #NKMG