m7 ch1 Solutions Final

CHAPTER 1 Measurement and Number Sense
Get Ready
Get Ready
a)
Page 10
Question 1
P = 10 + 10 + 10 + 10
P = 40
The perimeter of the figure is 40 mm.

b)
P = 6 + 8 + 10
P = 24
The perimeter of the figure is 24 m.
Get Ready
Page 10
Question 2
a) The polygon has 6 sides.

Method 1: Add Side Lengths
P = 2+2+2+2+2+2
P = 12
The perimeter of the polygon is 12 cm.

Method 2: Multiply by Number of Sides
P = 6 2
P = 12
The perimeter of the polygon is 12 cm.

b) The polygon has 8 sides.
Method 1: Add Side Lengths
P = 11 + 11 + 11 + 11 + 11 + 11 + 11 + 11
P = 88
The perimeter of the polygon is 88 mm.

Method 2: Multiply by Number of Sides
P = 8 11
P = 88
The perimeter of the polygon is 88 mm.
MHR Chapter 1
13
Get Ready
a)
Page 11
Question 3
9000
km
1000
= 9 km
9000 m =
18 000
km
1000
= 18 km
b) 18 000 m =
1200
km
1000
= 1.2 km
c)
1200 m =
d)
700 m =
700
km
1000
= 0.7 km
Get Ready
a)
Page 11
Question 4
9 m = 9 100 cm
= 900 cm
b) 12 km = 12 1000 m
= 12 000 m
150
m
100
= 1.5 m
c)
150 cm =
d)
0.5 km = 0.5 1000 m

= 500 m
e)
2.5 cm = 2.5 10 mm
= 25 mm
14
MHR Chapter 1
Get Ready
a)
Page 11
Question 5
A = 4 4
A = 16
The area is 16 cm2.
b)
A = 2 4
A=8
The area is 8 cm2.
c)
A = 53
A = 15
The area is 15 cm2.
MHR Chapter 1
15
1.1 Perimeters of Two-Dimensional Shapes

Section 1.1
Page 15
Question 1
Answers will vary.

Section 1.1
Page 15
Question 2
Matthew is right. Perimeter is a length and is measured in centimetres. Sonja mistakenly used square
centimetres.
Section 1.1
Page 15
Question 3
From the equation P = 6 1.5 m, there must be 6 sides each of 1.5 m. Draw a
hexagon with 6 equal sides of length 1.5 m.
Section 1.1
Page 15
Question 4
a) Method 1: Add Side Lengths

P = 2+3+ 2+3
P = 10
The perimeter of the rectangle is 10 m.

Method 2: Use a Formula
P = 2 (l + w)
P = 2 (2 + 3)
P = 25
P = 10

b) Method 1: Add Side Lengths
P = 8+ 4+8+ 4
P = 24
The perimeter of the rectangle is 24 cm.

Method 2: Use a Formula
P = 2 (l + w)
P = 2 (8 + 4)
P = 2 12
P = 24
16
MHR Chapter 1
Section 1.1
a)
Page 15
P = 8+3+8+3
P = 22
Question 5
or
P = 2 (l + w)
P = 2 (8 + 3)
P = 2 11
P = 22

b)
P = 120 + 80 + 120 + 80
P = 400
or
P = 2 (l + w)
P = 2 (120 + 80)
P = 2 200
P = 400

Section 1.1
Page 15
Question 6
P = 30 + 25 + 60 + 25
P = 140
The perimeter of the trapezoid is 140 cm.

Section 1.1
Page 16
Question 7
P = 50 + 50 + 40 + 80
P = 220

Section 1.1
a)
Page 16
Question 8
P = 6 + 5 + 14 + 5
P = 30

b)
P = 1 + 2.5 + 2.5 + 2
P=8
The perimeter of the trapezoid is 8 m.

c)
P = 35 + 40 + 25 + 40
P = 140
The perimeter of the trapezoid is 140 mm.
d)
P = 12 + 8 + 20 + 24
P = 64
MHR Chapter 1
17
Section 1.1
a)
Page 16
Question 9
P = 8 12
P = 96
The perimeter of the octagon is 96 cm.
b)
P = 6 1.5
P=9
The perimeter of the hexagon is 9 m.
c)
P = 3 2.3
P = 6.9
The perimeter of the hexagon is 6.9 cm.
d)
P = 5 18
P = 90
The perimeter of the pentagon is 90 mm.
Section 1.1
a)
Page 16
Question 10
P = 4 1.25
P=5
The perimeter of the square is 5 cm.
b)
P = 3 14
P = 42
The perimeter of the triangle is 42 mm.

c)
P = 8 2.6
P = 20.8
The perimeter of the octagon is 20.8 m.

d)
P = 6 15
P = 90
The perimeter of the hexagon is 90 cm.
18
MHR Chapter 1
Section 1.1
Page 16
Question 11
Answers may vary.

Section 1.1
Page 16
Question 12
Answers may vary.

Section 1.1
Page 16
Question 13
Convert one measure to the same units as the other.

Method 1: Convert l to centimetres
1.5 m = 1.5 100 cm
= 150 cm
P = 150 + 75 + 150 + 75
P = 450
or
P = 2 (l + w)
P = 2 (150 + 75)
P = 2 225
P = 450

Method 2: Convert w to metres
75 100 = 0.75
P = 1.5 + 0.75 + 1.5 + 0.75
P = 4.5
or
P = 2 (l + w)
P = 2 (1.5 + 0.75)
P = 2 2.25
P = 4.5
The perimeter of the rectangle is 4.5 m.

Section 1.1
Page 16
Question 14
Answers may vary. Perimeter is a length and must be measured in linear units.
MHR Chapter 1
19
Section 1.1
a)
Page 16
Question 15
P = 450 + 150 + 450 + 150

P = 1200
or
P = 2 (l + w)
P = 2 (450 + 150)
P = 2 600
P = 1200
The perimeter of the track is 1200 m.

b)
Distance for 20 laps = 20 Distance for 1 lap

= 20 1200
= 24 000 m
Convert to kilometres:
24 000
24 000 m =
km
1000
= 24 km
The distance for 20 laps is 24 km.
Section 1.1
Page 16
Question 16
Answers may vary. A right triangle can be formed by cutting a

rectangle along its diagonal. Two identical right triangles will make a
rectangle.
Section 1.1
Page 17
Question 17
Sasha is right. Anders did not convert the length and width of the
rectangle into common units of measurement.
20
MHR Chapter 1
Section 1.1
Page 17
Question 18
Answers may vary. Sample solution:

Put regular tape on the 50-cm sides and the 75-cm side.
Put sparkly purple tape on the other sides.
Calculate the perimeter covered by each type of tape:
Length of regular tape = 50 + 50 + 75 = 175 cm
Length of purple tape = 45 + 45 + 20 = 110 cm
Convert these lengths into metres and multiply by the cost to find the price of the tape.
175
m
100
= 1.75 m
175 cm =
110
m
100
= 1.1 m
110 cm =
Cost of regular tape = 1.75 $6.00

= $10.50
Cost of purple tape = 1.10 $7.50
= $8.25
Total cost of Sarah's tape is $10.50 + $8.25 = $18.75.
Section 1.1
Page 17
Question 19
A loonie is a regular polygon with 11 sides (hendecagon).

P = 11 0.7
P = 7.7
or
P = 11 7 mm
P = 77 mm
The perimeter of a loonie is approximately 7.7 cm or 77 mm.
MHR Chapter 1
21
Section 1.1
a)
Page 17
Question 20
P = 50 + 35 + 50 + 35
P = 170
or
P = 2 (l + w)
P = 2 (50 + 35)
P = 2 85
P = 170
The perimeter of the track is 170 m.

b)
Distance for 8 laps = 8 Distance for 1 lap

= 8 170
= 1360
The distance for 8 laps is 1360 m.

c)
Convert 3 km to metres:
3 km = 3 1000 m
= 3000 m
Total distance = Number of laps Distance for 1 lap
3000 m = Number of laps 170 m
Use trial and error to find the number of laps:

17 170 m = 2890 m
18 170 m = 3060 m
Leila must skate almost 18 laps.

Section 1.1
Page 17
Question 21
Answers may vary.

a) The long sides are close to 2.4 cm, the short sides are close to 1.2 cm.
b) The perimeter is the sum of the lengths of all the 4 sides.
P = 2.4 + 2.4 + 1.2 + 1.2
P = 2.4 2 + 1.2 2
P = 4.8 + 2.4
P = 7.2 cm
c) The rectangle perimeter, P = 2 (l + w) , also works for parallelograms, because the opposite sides are
equal in length.
22
MHR Chapter 1
Section 1.1
Page 17
Question 22
a)
b) P = 2 (l + w)
P = 2 (5 + 3)
P=28
P = 16
The perimeter is 16 cm.
c)
Answers may vary. Start with 16 cm and subtract each side length:
16 5 5 3 3 = 0
After all four side lengths have been subtracted, the result is 0.
The answers are correct.
Section 1.1
Page 17
Question 23
The perimeter of the gazebo is 18 m.

Length of one side = 18 8 sides
= 2.25
The length of one side is 2.25 m.

A 2.5-m bench is longer than 2.25 m.
You cannot fit the bench along one side.
MHR Chapter 1
23
Section 1.1
Page 17
Question 24
Heidi can design her garden in 6 different ways:
In each case (using the 1 12 rectangle as an example),

P = 2 (l + w)
P = 2 (1 + 12)
P = 2 13
P = 26
The perimeter is 26 m.
24
MHR Chapter 1
1.2 Area of a Parallelogram

Section 1.2
Page 20
Question 1
Answers will vary. They are both the product of the base times the height.
In the case of a rectangle, the base is called the length and the height is called the width.
Section 1.2
Page 20
Question 2
The area is 20 cm2, not 20 cm. The units for area are square centimetres.
Section 1.2
a)
Page 20
Question 3
A = bh
A = 43
A = 12
The area of the parallelogram is 12 cm2.

b)
A = bh
A = 23
A=6

c)
A = bh
A = 3 2
A=6

d)
A = bh
A = 3 1
A=3
MHR Chapter 1
25
Section 1.2
a)
Page 20
Question 4
A = bh
A = 1 1
A =1

b)
A = bh
A = 2 2
A=4

c)
A = bh
A = 1 3
A=3

d)
A = bh
A = 1.5 2
A=3

Section 1.2
Page 21
Question 5
Answers may vary slightly.

a) A = b h
A = 1.4 1.9
A = 2.66
The area of the parallelogram is 2.66 cm2.
b) A = b h
A = 1.0 1.8
A = 1.8
Section 1.2
Page 21
Question 6
a) Answers may vary slightly.

A=bh
A = 1.2 1.6
A = 1.92
b) You must turn your page to measure the base and height of the parallelogram.
26
MHR Chapter 1
Section 1.2
Page 21
Question 7
a) No. The height of the parallelogram is not given.

b) For the base, measure one side. For the height, place your ruler at right angles
to this side. Then, measure the distance from it to the opposite side. For the
area, use the formula: A = b h
Section 1.2
Page 21
Question 8
a) They should have the same area.

b) Flower bed 1:
A=lw
A = 4 1.5
A=6
The area of the flower bed is 6 m2.

Flower bed 2:
A = bh
A = 1.5 4
A=6
The area of the flower bed is 6 m2.

Section 1.2
Page 21
Question 9
Joel measured the length of the short sides instead of the height. He should have
measured the distance between the longer sides, at right angles to them.
Section 1.2
Page 21
Question 10
Victors decal is made up of two parallelograms of base 1 cm and height 3 cm.

Area of each parallelogram = b h
= 1 3
=3
The area of Victors decal is 2 3 cm2 = 6 cm2.
MHR Chapter 1
27
Section 1.2
Page 21
Question 11
a) Monica is correct.
The width and length of a rectangle are the same as its base and height.
The area of a rectangle is:
length width = base height
This is the same as the parallelogram formula.
b) Answers will vary. If you use A = l w on a parallelogram, you will not get the right answer, because
the other side length of a parallelogram is not the same as its height.
Section 1.2
a)
Page 21
Question 12
Area of 1 divider = b h
= 5 12
= 60
The area of each divider is 60 cm2.

Area of 8 dividers = 8 Area of 1 divider
= 8 60
= 480
The area of wood for 8 dividers is 480 cm2.

b) Answers will vary.
For example, Katie could cut her dividers from a rectangular piece of wood that is 12 cm wide.
28
MHR Chapter 1
1.3 Area of a Triangle

Section 1.3
Page 24
Question 1
Answers will vary.

Measure the distance from a vertex to the opposing side, at right angles to the opposing side.
Section 1.3
Page 24
Question 2
For each triangle, any side can be measured as the base. For the height, place your ruler at right angles to
your base, and measure the distance from the base to the opposite vertex. Remember: You may have to
extend the base and move your ruler outside the triangle.
Section 1.3
Page 24
Question 3
a) Example:
b) You can both be correct even if you have different triangles, as long as you both have a base of 5 cm
and a height of 4 cm. There are many triangles with the same base and height.
Section 1.3
Page 24
Question 4
a) base = 4 cm
height = 3 cm
b) base = height
base = 7 mm
height = 7 mm
c)
base = 6.5 m
height = 4 m
d) base = 2.5 m
height = 2 m
MHR Chapter 1
29
Section 1.3
a)
Page 24
Question 5
Area of a triangle = b h 2
A = 43 2
A = 12 2
A=6
The area of the triangle is 12 cm2.

b)
A = bh 2
A = 77 2
A = 49 2
A = 24.5
The area of the triangle is 24.5 mm2.

c)
A = bh 2
A = 6.5 4 2
A = 26 2
A = 13
The area of the triangle is 13 m2.

d)
A = bh 2
A = 2.5 2 2
A = 2.5
The area of the triangle is 2.5 m2.

Section 1.3
a)
Page 24
Question 6
A = bh 2
A = 7 12 2
A = 42
The area of the triangle is 42 mm2.
b)
A = bh 2
A = 20 24 2
A = 240
30
MHR Chapter 1
Section 1.3
a)
Page 24
Question 7
A = bh 2
A = 12 10 2
A = 60

b)
A = bh 2
A = 8 4.5 2
A = 18
The area of the triangle is 18 m2.

c)
A = bh 2
A = 10 6 2
A = 30
The area of the triangle is 30 km2.

d)
A = bh 2
A = 3 5 2
A = 15 2
A = 7.5
The area of the triangle is 7.5 mm2.

Section 1.3
Page 25
Question 8
Area of wall = area of a triangle

base = width of the room
height = height of the room
A = b h 2
A = 10.4 4 2
A = 20.8
The area Kristin has to paint is 20.8 m2.

Section 1.3
Page 25
Question 9
a) b h comes from the formula for the area of a parallelogram.

b) From the diagram, each triangle has half the area of
the associated rectangle and so a 2 is used in
the formula.
c)
Copy the triangle and join the two copies together, as shown in the diagram. This shows that the area
of a triangle is exactly half the area of a parallelogram with the same base and height.
MHR Chapter 1
31
Section 1.3
Page 25
Question 10
Mac needs to guard a triangular region.

A = bh 2
A = 12 18 2
A = 108
Mac must defend an area of 108 m2.
Section 1.3
Page 25
Question 11
No. Two triangles that have the same area do not always have the same
perimeter. For example, these two triangles each have an area of 6 cm2, but
different perimeters
Section 1.3
Page 25
Question 12
a) Calculate the perimeter of each reflector:

P = 15 + 12.5 + 12.5
P = 40
Sarah must cut out a total perimeter of 2 40 cm = 80 cm for her reflectors.

b) Each reflector is a triangle. Calculate the area of each reflector:
A = bh 2
A = 15 10 2
A = 75
Sarah must paint a total area of 2 75 cm2 = 150 cm2 to paint the reflectors on one side.
Section 1.3
Page 25
Question 13
a) They all have the same area, because they all appear to
have the same base and the same height.
b) Answers may vary slightly.
base of each triangle = 1.3 cm
height of each triangle =1.2 cm
They all have equal bases and heights.
c)
Each triangles base and height is the same. Their areas are all equal as predicted.
A=bh2
A = 1.3 1.2 2
A = 0.78
The area of each triangle is 0.78 cm2.
32
MHR Chapter 1
Section 1.3
Page 25
Question 14
Answers will vary.

Section 1.3
Page 25
Question 15
a) To find the height, substitute into the area formula:

A = b h 2
5.0 = 4.0 h 2
The value h = 2.5 m makes this equation true. The floor plan can be any triangle with base = 4.0 m and
height = 2.5 m. Examples:
b) No. The length of edge to be painted is the perimeter of the triangular base. Different designs will
require different amounts of paint for the edge.
MHR Chapter 1
33
1.4 Apply the Order of Operations

Section 1.4
Page 28
Question 1
A single, standard order of operations is needed so that everyone calculates expressions in the same
manner.
Section 1.4 Page 28 Question 2
The correct answer is 11.
If you add before subtracting:
9 6 + 8 9 14 = 5
Since 5 does not equal 11, you cannot claim the prize.
Section 1.4
Page 28
Question 3
Sample flow diagram:

12 (3N
+ 1) 18 (2N
3)
= 12 4 18 6

= 3
3

=
0
Section 1.4
Page 28
Question 4
Page 28
Question 5
3 + 4 2
= 3+8
= 11
Section 1.4
3 7 (6 1) 4 + 12
= 3 7 5 4 + 12
= 21 1.25 + 12
= 31.75
34
MHR Chapter 1
Section 1.4
Page 28
a)
6 + 25
= 6 + 10
= 16
b)
12 3 2
= 42
=2
c)
4 10 5
= 40 5
=8
d)
54 9 3
= 63
=2
e)
(7 2) 8
= 58
= 40
f)
3 (8 1)
= 3 7
= 21
Section 1.4
Page 28
a)
25 5 + 3 2
= 5 + 3 2
= 5+6
= 11
b)
4 + (23 7) 8
= 4 + 16 8
= 4+2
=6
c)
(6 + 2) 3 9
= 83 9
= 24 9
= 15
d)
18 2 (4 2)
= 18 2 2
= 18 4
= 14
Section 1.4
Page 28
Question 6
Question 7
Question 8
a)
27 (9 3) 8
= 27 3 8
= 98
=1
b)
(12 3) + (12 2 3)
= 4 + (12 2 3)
= 4 + (12 6)
= 4+6
= 10
MHR Chapter 1
35
Section 1.4
Page 28
Question 9
a) Multiplication. It comes before addition in BODMAS.

b) Subtraction. Calculating inside the brackets comes before multiplication in BODMAS.
c)
Division. You must do multiplication and division from left to right in BODMAS.
Section 1.4
Page 28
Question 10
a) True. Division operations always come before addition operations.

b) False. You must do addition and subtraction from left to right in BODMAS.
.
Section 1.4 Page 28 Question 11
a) Error 1:
Vanya calculates 16 4 before she calculates 64 16 .
Error 2:
Vanya calculates 3 2 before she calculates 2 2 .
b)
64 16 4 + 3 2 2
= 4 4 + 3 2 2
= 1+ 3 2 2
= 1+ 3 4
= 44
=0
Section 1.4
a)
Page 28
Question 12
(7 3) : This calculates the total value for the 7 sides of the octagon that are
adding to the perimeter.
(2 7.5 + 3) : This calculates the total value for the 3 sides of the rectangle that
are adding to the perimeter.
b)
(7 3) + (2 7.5 + 3)
= 21 + 18
c)
36
It is faster and easier than adding each side separately.
MHR Chapter 1
Section 1.4
Page 29
Question 13
a)
(2.1 + 3.6) 2
= (5.7) 2
= 11.4
b)
(3.4 + 7.1) (3.6 + 1.4)

= 10.5 5.0
= 2.1
c)
8 (0.4 0.2) 2 3 + (5 4)
= 8 2 2 3 + (5 4)
= 4 2 3 +1
= 4 0.67 + 1
= 3.33 + 1
= 4.33
d)
(8 + 12 3 1) [7 (4 + 1)]
= [8 + 9 1] [7 (4 + 1)]
= [17 1] [7 (4 + 1)]
= 16 [7 (4 + 1)]
= 16 [7 5]
= 16 (2)
=8
e)
2 + 9 [1.5 (5 3) ]
= 2 + 9 [1.5 2]
= 2+93
= 2+3
=5
Section 1.4
a)
Page 29
Question 14
4 + (6 5) 2
= 4 + 1 2
= 4+2
=6
4 + 6 (5 2)
= 4 + 6 10
= 10 10
=0
(4 + 6 5) 2
= (10 5) 2
= 5 2
= 10
b) The expressions show that the answer changes, depending on which operations are done first (the
operations in brackets). The order of operations tells you which operations to do first, even when there
are no brackets. If everyone follows the same order, everyone will get the same answer.
c)
4 + 6 5 2
= 4 + 6 10
= 10 10
=0
The expression 4 + 6 5 2 still results in the value 0, without adding any brackets.
MHR Chapter 1
37
Section 1.4
Page 29
Question 15
a) 80 20 comes from the rectangular part of the sign. It

calculates the area of the rectangle.
b) 60 40 2 comes from the triangular part of the sign. It
calculates the area of the triangle.
c)
12 (80 20 + 60 40 2)
= 12 (1600 + 60 40 2)
= 12 (1600 + 2400 2)
= 12 (1600 + 1200)
= 12 2800
= 33 600
The total area that needs painting is 33 600 cm2.

Section 1.4
a)
Page 29
Question 16
6 6 + 6 4 2
= 36 + 6 4 2
= 36 + 24 2
= 36 + 12
= 48
The total area of the shape is 48 cm2.

b) Yes. There are three ways to draw the
shape. The expression shows that the
square has side 6 cm. To form a five-sided
shape, the base of the triangle must be the
same length as one side of the square: 6
cm. So, the height of the triangle is 4 cm.
Because the triangle is isosceles, there are
only the three ways shown in the diagram
to draw it.
c)
Answers may vary. For example, shape 2 can be split into three triangles:
d) Answers may vary. For example, given the splitting in part c),
Area = 6 6 2 + 6 6 2 + 6 4 2
= 18 + 18 + 12
= 48
This is the same result for the total area as in part a).
38
MHR Chapter 1
Section 1.4
Page 29
Question 17
a) Calculate the area of the parallelogram and multiply

it by 2. Then, add the area of the triangle. This gives
the expression
Area = 2 (4 10) + 5 6 2
= 2 40 + 15
= 95
The area of the logo is 95 cm2.

b) You must assume that the two sides of the logo are parallelograms, and that they are reflections (mirror
images) of each other.
MHR Chapter 1
39
1.5 Area of a Trapezoid

Section 1.5
Page 32
Question 1
Answers may vary. Split the trapezoid into two triangles.

Area of upper triangle = base height 2
=ah2
Area of lower triangle = base height 2
=bh2
Add these two areas together:
A=ah2+bh2
A = (a + b) h 2
This is the formula for the area of a trapezoid.
Section 1.5
Page 32
Question 2
Answers may vary.

a) Alike:
both are quadrilaterals
both have parallel sides
both have area formulas
b) Different:
parallelograms:
have two pairs of parallel sides
opposite sides are equal
Area = b h
trapezoids:
have one pair of parallel sides
opposite sides are usually not equal
Area = (a + b) h 2
Section 1.5
Page 32
Question 3
Mya is correct. This is because the formula uses brackets as well as different operations. You must use the
correct order of operations. You have to do the brackets first.
Section 1.5
Page 32
Question 4
From the calculations, you can see that this trapezoid has a = 4, b = 6, and h = 3.
The measurements are in centimetres because the final answer is given in square
centimetres. One possible trapezoid is shown.
40
MHR Chapter 1
Section 1.5
Page 32
Question 5
a) a = 8 cm, b = 18 cm, h = 6 cm
b) a = 8 mm, b = 10 mm, h = 6 mm
c) a = 2 m, b = 6.5 m, h = 3 m
d) a = 5 cm, b = 6.4 cm, h = 1.4 cm
Section 1.5
Page 32
Question 6
Measurements may vary slightly.

a) a = 1.7 cm, b = 2.7 cm, h = 1.1 cm
b) a = 0.8 cm, b = 1.6 cm, h = 1.5 cm
Section 1.5
Page 32
Question 7

a) a = 1 cm, b = 2.1 cm, h = 1.3 cm
b) a = 1.4 cm, b = 2.8 cm, h = 0.8 cm
MHR Chapter 1
41
Section 1.5
Page 32
Question 8
a) Method 1: Split into Triangles

Area = Area of Triangle 1 + Area of Triangle 2
= a h 2 + b h 2
= 8 6 2 + 18 6 2
= 48 2 + 108 2
= 24 + 54
= 78
The area of the trapezoid is 78 cm2.

Method 2: Use the Formula
Area = (a + b) h 2
= (8 + 18) 6 2
= 26 6 2
= 156 2
= 78

b) Method 1: Split into Triangles
= a h 2 + b h 2
= 8 6 2 + 10 6 2
= 48 2 + 60 2
= 24 + 30
= 54
The area of the trapezoid is 54 mm2.

Area = (a + b) h 2
= (8 + 10) 6 2
= 18 6 2
= 108 2
= 54
42
MHR Chapter 1
c)
Method 1: Split Into Triangles

= a h 2 + b h 2
= 2 3 2 + 6.5 3 2
= 6 2 + 19.5 2
= 3 + 9.75
= 12.75
The area of the trapezoid is approximately 12.8 m2.

Area = (a + b) h 2
= (2 + 6.5) 3 2
= 8.5 3 2
= 25.5 2
= 12.75
The area of the trapezoid is approximately 12.8 m2.

d) Method 1: Split Into Triangles
= a h 2 + b h 2
= 5 1.4 2 + 6.4 1.4 2
= 7 2 + 6.4 1.4 2
= 3.5 + 6.4 1.4 2
= 3.5 + 8.96 2
= 3.5 + 4.48
= 7.98
The area of the trapezoid is approximately 8.0 cm2.

Area = (a + b) h 2
= (5 + 6.4) 1.4 2
= 11.4 1.4 2
= 15.96 2
= 7.98
The area of the trapezoid is approximately 8.0 cm2.
MHR Chapter 1
43
Section 1.5
Page 32
Question 9

6. a) A = (a + b) h 2
A = (1.5 + 2.5) 1 2
A= 42
A=2
6. b) A = (a + b) h 2
A = (0.7 + 1.3) 1.2 2
A = 2 1.2 2
A = 2.4 2
A = 1.2
The area of the trapezoid is 1.2 cm2.
7. a) A = (a + b) h 2
A = (0.9 + 1.7) 1 2
A = 2.6 2
A = 1.3
7. b) A = (a + b) h 2
A = (0.9 + 1.7) 1 2
A = 2.6 2
A = 1.3
Section 1.5
Page 32
Question 10
The label is in the shape of a trapezoid.

a = 3 cm, b = 5 cm, h = 7 cm
A = ( a + b) h 2
A = (3 + 5) 7 2
A = 8 7 2
A = 56 2
A = 28
The area of the label is 28 cm2.

Section 1.5
Page 32
Answers will vary.
44
MHR Chapter 1
Question 11
Section 1.5
Page 33
Question 12
Karstens yard is in the shape of a trapezoid.

a = 6 m, b = 9 m, h = 4 m
A = ( a + b) h 2
A = (6 + 9) 4 2
A = 15 4 2
A = 60 2
A = 30
Karsten must put down sod to cover an area of 30 m2.

Section 1.5
Page 33
Question 13
The sign is in the shape of a trapezoid.

a = 42 cm, b = 25 cm, h = 45 cm
A = ( a + b) h 2
A = (42 + 25) 45 2
A = 67 45 2
A = 3015 2
A = 1507.5
The area of the sign is approximately 1500 cm2.

Section 1.5
Page 33
Question 14
Answers will vary.

Section 1.5
Page 33
Question 15
Trapezoids A and C have the same height. The value of a + b

is also the same for these two trapezoids. Therefore, trapezoids
A and C have the same area.
MHR Chapter 1
45
Section 1.5
Page 33
Question 16
a) The pool (dashed line) is approximately in the shape of a trapezoid (solid shape).
a = 37 m, b = 57 m, h = 65 m
A = ( a + b) h 2
A = (37 + 57) 65 2
A = 94 65 2
A = 6110 2
A = 3055
The area of the trapezoid is 3055 m2.

b) The answer is not completely accurate since the wave pool is not the same shape as the trapezoid.
Some parts of the wave pool are outside the trapezoid and some parts of the trapezoid are outside the
wave pool. But, since they have similar shapes, the trapezoid is a good simple approximation of the
wave pool.
c)
You could improve the accuracy by splitting the wave pool into smaller shapes that are closer to the
actual shape of the pool.
d) Answers will vary. Look at the photograph on Page 30. The rectangular section is where the waves
are generated. The curved section is the shallowest part of the pool. Like a beach on the ocean, the
waves are tallest here. It was probably designed in this shape to let more people enjoy the waves.
Section 1.5
a)
Page 33
Question 17
a = 16
b = length of entire pattern 4 trapezoids
b = 80 4
b = 20
h = height of entire pattern 2 trapezoids
h = 18 2
h=9
a is 16 cm, b is 20 cm, h is 9 cm
A = ( a + b) h 2
A = (16 + 20) 9 2
A = 36 9 2
A = 324 2
A = 162
The area of each trapezoid is 162 cm2.

b)
Total green area = number of green trapezoids area per green trapezoid
= 4 162
= 648
The total green area is 648 cm2.
46
MHR Chapter 1
c)
Method 1: Calculate Directly

There are 6 full-width blue triangles and 4 half-width blue triangles.
For a full-width blue triangle,
b = base length of one trapezoid top length of one trapezoid
b = 20 16
b=4
b is 4 cm, h is 9 cm
Triangle area = b h 2
= 49 2
= 36 2
= 18
Total blue area = number of full-width triangles area per triangle

+ number of half-width triangles area per triangle
= 6 18 + 4 (18 2)
= 108 + 36
= 144
Method 2: Subtract From Total Area
Total blue area = total area area of all trapezoids
= length width 8 area of one trapezoid
= 80 18 8 162
= 144
d) Answers may vary. See solutions shown in part a), b), and c) for methods.
MHR Chapter 1
47
Section 1.5
a)
Page 33
Question 18
A = ( a + b) h 2
450 = (15 + 30) h 2
450 = 45 h 2
450 = 22.5 h
Use systematic trial to solve this equation for h.

450 = 22.5 20
Substituting 20 for h makes the equation true.

The height of the trapezoid is 20 cm.
b) Use the formula for the area of a trapezoid. Then, substitute for A, a, and b. This gives an equation
involving h. Find the value of h that makes the equation true.
Section 1.5
Page 33
Question 19
Answers will vary. For example:

a) Draw two identical trapezoids.
b) Rotate one trapezoid and join it to the other one, as shown.

This forms a parallelogram.
c)
The area of each trapezoid is half the area of the parallelogram.

Method 1: Calculate Directly
Use the parallelogram formula to calculate the area of the parallelogram. Then, divide by 2.
(Answers will depend on measures.)
Method 2: Work With Parallelogram Formula
Height of parallelogram = h
Base of parallellogram = a + b
Area of parallelogram = (a + b) h
So, Area of each trapezoid = (a + b) h 2
48
MHR Chapter 1
1.6 Draw Trapezoids

Section 1.6
Page 36
Question 1
a) Answers will vary. For example:

Make a strip of centimetre cubes or centimetre-grid paper that is the length of the perimeter. Split the
strip into four pieces, and try to form a trapezoid with them. One pair of opposite sides must be
parallel.
b) Answers may vary. It may be difficult to fit the four pieces together so that two are parallel.
Section 1.6
Page 36
Question 2
a) Answers may vary. For example, pick a height that divides into the given area. Then, select values of
a and b that give the correct area.
b) Answers may vary. If you used trial and error for part a), you may find it difficult to match the exact
area.
Section 1.6
Page 36
Question 3
a) Answers may vary. Draw a few trapezoids of different sizes and see which one is closest to what you
need. Then, use that trapezoid and adjust it until you have the required area and perimeter.
b) Answers may vary. It is usually difficult to match both area and perimeter at the same time.
Section 1.6
Page 36
Question 4
a) Answers may vary. For example:
b) Answers may vary. For example:
c)
Answers may vary. For example:
d) Answers may vary. For example:
MHR Chapter 1
49
Section 1.6
Page 36
Question 5
a) Answers may vary. For example:
b) Answers may vary. For example:
c)
Answers may vary. For example:
d) Answers may vary. For example:
Section 1.6
Page 36
Question 6
Answers may vary. For example,
Section 1.6
Page 36
Question 7
a) Answers may vary. Use the centimetre strip method, or try placing your non-parallel sides first and
then fitting the parallel sides in.
b) Answers may vary.
c)
Answers may vary.
Section 1.6
Page 36
Answers may vary.
50
MHR Chapter 1
Question 8
Section 1.6
Page 36
Question 9
a) Answers may vary. There is more than one way to draw this trapezoid. For example:
b) Start by using half the height and then adjust the lengths until you get a trapezoid with the right
perimeter and area.
Section 1.6
Page 36
Question 10
a) The sloping side should be approximately 5 cm.

c)
Answers may vary.
d) Answers may vary.
MHR Chapter 1
51
1.7 Composite Shapes

Section 1.7
Page 43
Question 1
Answers may vary. Two rectangles are easy to place together, or maybe a square and a triangle, and make
a shape that looks like a house.
Section 1.7
Page 43
Question 2
Answers may vary.

Section 1.7
Page 43
Question 3
Answers may vary.

Section 1.7
Page 43
Question 4
Method 1:
a) Split the shape into two rectangles.
Rectangle 1: l = 9 m and w = 4 m.
Rectangle 2: l = 6.5 m and w = 4 m.
b)
Area of rectangle 1 = l w
= 9 4
= 36
The area of rectangle 1 is 36 m2.

= 6.5 4
= 26

Total area = Area of rectangle 1 + Area of rectangle 2
= 36 + 26
= 62
The total area of the figure is 62 m2.
52
MHR Chapter 1
Method 2:
a) Split the shape into two rectangles.
Rectangle 1: l = 13 m and w = 4 m.
Rectangle 2: l = 4 m and w = 2.5 m.
b)
= 13 4
= 52

= 4 2.5
= 10

= 52 + 10
= 62
The total area of the figure is 62 m2 .

Section 1.7
a)
Page 43
Question 5
Side 1 (vertical) = 4 + 2
=6
The first missing side has length 6 m.

Side 2 (horizontal) = 13 5
=8
The second missing side has length 8 m.

b)
Sides 1,2 (the sides with the "|" mark) = 4
The first and second missing sides have length 4 cm.

Side 3 (horizontal) = 12 + 4
= 16
The third missing side has length 16 cm.

Side 4 (vertical) = 4 + 4
=8
The fourth missing side has length 8 cm.
MHR Chapter 1
53
Section 1.7
Page 43
Question 6
a) Method 1:
= 65
= 30

= 8 4
= 32

= 30 + 32
= 62

Method 2:
= 13 4
= 52

= 5 2
= 10

= 52 + 10
= 62
54
MHR Chapter 1
b) Method 1:
Area of the rectangle = l w
= 12 8
= 96
The area of the rectangle is 96 cm2.

Area of the square = s s
= 4 4
= 16
The area of the square is 16 cm2.

Total area = Area of the rectangle + Area of the square
= 96 + 16
= 112
The total area of the figure is 112 cm2.

Method 2:
= 12 4
= 48
The area of rectangle 1 is 48 cm2.

= 16 4
= 64
The area of rectangle 2 is 64 cm2.

= 64 + 48
= 112

Section 1.7
Page 44
Question 7
P = 7 + 9 + 3 + 5 + 10 + 14
P = 48
MHR Chapter 1
55
Section 1.7
4.
Page 44
Question 8
P = 4 + 9 + 2.5 + 4 + 6.5 + 13
P = 39
5.a) P = 13 + 4 + 8 + 2 + 5 + 6
P = 38
5.b) P = 12 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 16 + 8
P = 48
The perimeter of the figure is 48 cm.
Section 1.7
Page 44
Question 9
a) Draw a horizontal line connecting the upper left and right corners of the
shape. You will get a triangle with a rectangle underneath it.
b) Draw a vertical line splitting the figure into two rectangles.
56
MHR Chapter 1
Section 1.7
Page 44
Question 10

a) Lower rectangle: l = 1.8 cm, w = 0.9 cm. Upper triangle: b = 1.8 cm, h = 0.8 cm, sides = 1.2 cm
Perimeter = 1.8 + 0.9 + 0.9 + 1.2 + 1.2
= 6.0
The perimeter of this figure is 6.0 cm.
Area = Area of rectangle + Area of triangle
bh
2
1.8 0.8
= 1.8 0.9 +
2
=lw+
= 1.62 + 0.72
= 2.34
The area of this figure is 2.34 cm2.
b) Upper rectangle: l = 1.2 cm, w = 0.6 cm. Lower rectangle: l = 1.2 cm, w = 0.5 cm. Overlap 0.2 cm.
Perimeter = 1.2 + 0.6 + 0.2 + 0.5 + 1.2 + 0.5 + 0.2 + 0.6
= 5.0
The perimeter of this figure is 5.0 cm.
Area = Area of Upper rectangle + Area of Lower rectangle
= (l w)+ (l w)
= 1.2 0.6 + 1.2 0.5
= 0.72 + 0.6
= 1.32
The area of this figure is 1.32 cm2.
Section 1.7
Page 44
Question 11
Perimeter = 2.5 + 2.3 + 4.0 + 2.3 + 2.5

= 13.6
Naveed needs 13.6 m of wood.

Section 1.7
Page 44
Question 12
This does not work for the perimeter because the perimeters of the simpler shapes include lengths that are
inside the figure, and not part of the perimeter.
MHR Chapter 1
57
Section 1.7
Page 44
Question 13
Answers will vary, this is an example solution.

a) Split the logo into a parallelogram at the top, with
two smaller parallelograms sticking down, and then
a right-angled triangle in the middle.
b) Since the price is per square centimetre, you first need to find the area of this logo.
Area = Area of top parallelogram + 2 Area of leg parallelograms + Area of centre triangle
b h
A = b h + 2b h + 3 3
1 1
2
2
2
3 2
A = 5 2 + 2 1 2 +
2
A = 10 + 4 + 3
A = 17
The area of the logo is 17 cm2.

Cost per shirt = Area of logo Cost per square centimetre
= 17 0.25
= 4.25
Each shirt costs $4.25 to embroider and Sabra needs 300 shirts.
Total Cost = Cost per shirt Number of shirts
= 4.25 300
= 1275
Sabra needs $1275.00 to embroider all 300 shirts with the logo.
c)
58
Another way this question could be answered is to look at the logo as a big parallelogram with two
small triangles cut out of it. Doing it this way, the area would have been calculated by finding the area
of the big parallelogram and then subtracting the areas of the small triangles.
MHR Chapter 1
Section 1.7
Page 44
Question 14
a) Method 1:
Covert units to centimetres:
1.8 100 = 180
2.4 100 = 240
Perimeter = 180 + 25 + 240 + 65
= 510
The perimeter of the figure is 510 cm.

Method 2:
Covert units to metres:
65 100 = 0.65
25 100 = 0.25
Perimeter = 1.8 + 0.25 + 2.4 + 0.65
= 5.1
The perimeter of the figure is 5.1 m.

b) Method 1:
Covert units to centimetres:
1.8 100 = 180
2.4 100 = 240
Base of right triangle = 240 180
= 60
The base of the right triangle is 60 cm.

Area of right triangle = b h 2
= 60 25 2
= 1500 2
= 750
The area of the right triangle is 750 cm2.

Area of rectangle = l w
= 180 25
= 4500
The area of the rectangle is 4500 cm2.

Total area = Area of triangle + Area of rectangle
= 750 + 4500
= 5250
MHR Chapter 1
59
Area that must be painted = Number of panels Area of each panel

= 2 5250
= 10 500
The area that must be painted is 10 500 cm2.

or
Area of triangle 1 = b h 2
= 240 25 2
= 6000 2
= 3000
The area of triangle 1 is 3000 cm2.

= 180 25 2
= 4500 2
= 2250
The area of triangle 2 is 2250 cm2.

Total area = Area of triangle 1 + Area of triangle 2
= 3000 + 2250
= 5250

= 2 5250
= 10 500
The area that must be painted is 10 500 cm2.

Method 2:
Covert units to metres:
65 100 = 0.65
25 100 = 0.25
Base of right triangle = 2.4 1.8
= 0.6
The base of the right triangle is 0.6 m.

Area of right triangle = b h 2
= 0.6 0.25 2
= 0.15 2
= 0.075
The area of the right triangle is 0.075 m2.

= 1.8 0.25
= 0.45
60
MHR Chapter 1
The area of the rectangle is 0.45 m2.

Total area = Area of triangle + Area of rectangle
= 0.075 + 0.45
= 0.525
The total area of the figure is 0.525 m2.

= 2 0.525
= 1.05
The area that must be painted is 1.05 m2.

or
= 2.4 0.25 2
= 0.6 2
= 0.3
The area of triangle 1 is 0.3 m2.

= 1.8 0.25 2
= 0.45 2
= 0.225
The area of triangle 2 is 0.225 m2.

Total area = Area of triangle 1 + Area of triangle 2
= 0.3 + 0.225
= 0.525
The total area of the figure is 0.525 m2.

= 2 0.525
= 1.05
The area that must be painted is 1.05 m2.

Section 1.7
Page 44
Question 15
Answers may vary.
MHR Chapter 1
61
Section 1.7
a)
Page 45
Question 16
= 17 4
= 68

= 12 4
= 48

= 68 + 48
= 116

b) This answer is the same as the answer in Example 1. This makes sense because in both methods, the
smaller rectangles make up the same larger figure.
Section 1.7
Page 45
Question 17
a) Josh calculated the area of the large rectangle that the backyard is in (length of
17 m and width of 8 m) and then subtracted the area of the small rectangle that
isnt a part of the backyard (length of 5 m and width of 4 m).
b)
Area of large rectangle = l w

= 17 8
= 136
The area of the large rectangle is 136 m2.

Area of small rectangle = l w
= 5 4
= 20
The area of the small rectangle is 20 m2.

Total area = Area of large rectangle Area of small rectangle
= 136 20
= 116

c)
62
This answer is the same as the answer in Example 1. This makes sense because in Example 1, smaller
rectangles make up the entire size of the backyard. In Joshs method, the very large rectangle minus
the small rectangle also makes up the entire size of the backyard.
MHR Chapter 1
Section 1.7
Page 45
Question 18
a) Answers may vary. You can split the figure into smaller, simpler shapes. For
example, you can split this figure into one centre square with three pegs on each side,
and have an isosceles triangle sticking out from each side.
b) Answers may vary. You could get the area of the entire board and then subtract the areas of the
missing corners. You could look at the centre square as being made up of four small isosceles
triangles, or two bigger isosceles triangles.
Section 1.7
Page 45
Question 19
a) Rectangle:
= 37 35
= 1295
The area of the rectangle is 1295 m2.

Trapezoid:
Method 1:
= a h 2 + b h 2
= 37 30 2 + 57 30 2
= 1110 2 + 57 30 2
= 555 + 57 30 2
= 555 + 1710 2
= 555 + 855
= 1410
Method 2:
Area = (a + b) h 2
= (37 + 57) 30 2
= 94 30 2
= 2820 2
= 1410
Total area = Area of rectangle + Area of trapezoid
= 1295 + 1410
= 2705

b) The earlier result was 3055 m2. The new result is 2705 m2. So, the new result is smaller than the old
result.
c)
The new result is more accurate. This is because to get the new result, you split the wave pool into
smaller, simpler shapes that fit the size of the pool better than the large, simple object used before.
d) To get a more accurate answer, add two right triangles to the bottom of the pool to make the curved
part a simpler shape.
MHR Chapter 1
63
Section 1.7
Page 45
Question 20
a) You can split the figure into smaller, simpler shapes. For example, you can split this
figure into one centre square with two pegs on each side, and have right triangles
lying on all four sides.
b) Answers may vary. You could also look at it as a four- peg square and then subtract the areas of the
right triangles from the edges.
Section 1.7
Page 45
Question 21
a) Answers will vary. Draw the stop sign on centimetre paper. Divide it
into two trapezoids. Obtain measurements for the sides and height of
each trapezoid from your drawing. Calculate the area of the stop
sign.
Answers may vary slightly around 2500 cm2 or 0.25 m2 for the area,
and $825.00 for the paint.
b) Answers will vary.
64
MHR Chapter 1
Chapter 1 Review
Review
Page 46
Question 1
The perpendicular distance from the base of a shape to its opposite side or vertex is D height.
Review
Page 46
Question 2
A shape that can be split into two or more simpler shapes is

F composite shape.
Review
Page 46
Question 3
These contain operations to be done first

E brackets.
Review
Page 46
Question 4
Calculated by splitting into two different-shaped triangles

C area of a trapezoid.
Review
Page 46
Question 5
A measure of how much space a two-dimensional shape covers

A area.
Review
Page 46
Question 6
a) Method 1:
P = 2 + 4.5 + 2 + 4.5
P = 13

Method 2:
P = 2 (l + w)
P = 2 (4.5 + 2)
P = 2 6.5
P = 13

b) Method 1:
P = 12 + 12 + 12 + 12
P = 48
The perimeter of the square is 48 mm.

Method 2:
P = 4 s
P = 4 12
P = 48
The perimeter of the square is 48 mm.
MHR Chapter 1
65
c)
Method 1:
P = 2.4 + 2.4 + 2.4 + 2.4 + 2.4 + 2.4 + 2.4 + 2.4
P = 19.2
The perimeter of the octagon is 19.2 mm.

Method 2:
P = 8 s
P = 8 2.4
P = 19.2
The perimeter of the octagon is 19.2 mm.

d) Method 1:
P = 12 + 7 + 12 + 7
P = 38
The perimeter of the parallelogram is 38 cm.

Method 2:
P = 2 (l + w)
P = 2 (12 + 7)
P = 2 19
P = 38
The perimeter of the parallelogram is 38 cm.

Review
Page 46
Question 7
P = 8 + 5 + 11 + 4
P = 28
The perimeter of the parallelogram is 28 m.

Review
Page 46
Question 8
A = bh
A = 14 8
A = 112
The area of the machine part is 112 mm2.

Review
Page 46
Question 9
Notice from the calculation that your

parallelogram must have base 6 cm and
height 3 cm. Your parallelogram can be
any shape you wish as long as it satisfies
these two things.
66
MHR Chapter 1
Review
a)
Page 46
Question 10
A = bh 2
A = 2.3 1.7 2
A = 3.91 2
A = 1.955
The area of the park is 1.955 km2.

b) Multiply the base of the triangle by the height of the triangle
and then divide this answer by 2.
c)
It is not completely accurate since the river does not run in a straight line.
Review
Page 46
Question 11
a) Method 1:
Convert units to centimetres:
1.4 100 = 140
A = bh 2
A = 80 140 2
A = 11 200 2
A = 5600
The area of the flag is 5600 cm2.

Method 2:
Convert units to metres:
80 100 = 0.8
A = bh 2
A = 0.8 1.4 2
A = 1.12 2
A = 0.56
The area of the flag is 0.56 m2.
MHR Chapter 1
67
Review
Page 46
Question 12
a)
13 9 3
= 13 3
= 10
b)
3 (16 2) 5
= 3 8 5
= 24 5
= 19
c)
8 3 6 3
= 24 6 3
= 43
4
=
3
d)
20 + (12 2) 5 3
= 20 + 10 5 3
= 20 + 2 3
= 20 + 6
= 26
Review
a)
Page 47
Question 13
16 + 6 is calculated before 6 2 is calculated; division should be calculated before addition.
Correct format:
4 4 + 6 2
= 16 + 6 2
= 16 + 3
= 19
b)
9 3 is calculated before 81 9 is calculated; division should be calculated in the order that it appears.
Correct format:
81 9 3
= 93
=3
68
MHR Chapter 1
Review
Page 47
Question 14
a) Each ear is in the shape of a triangle.

b h
2
5 5
=
2
= 12.5 cm 2
Area for one ear =
b)
The face is in the shape of a trapezoid.

a=8
b = 14
h = 10
Method 1:
ah bh
=
+
2
2
8 10 14 10
=
+
2
2
= 110 cm 2
Method 2:
( a + b) h
2
(8 + 14) 10
=
2
= 110 cm 2
Area =
c)
Total area = 2 Area of each ear + Area of the face

= 2 12.5 + 110
= 25 + 110
= 135
The total area of the logo is 135 cm2.
MHR Chapter 1
69
Review
Page 47
Question 15
a) The side panel is in the shape of a trapezoid. It is a four-sided figure with

one pair of opposite sides parallel.
b)
A = ( a + b) h 2
A = (35 + 50) 20 2
A = 85 20 2
A = 1700 2
A = 850
The total area of the side panel is 850 cm2.

Review
Page 47
Question 16

= a h 2 + b h 2
= 35 20 2 + 50 20 2
= 700 2 + 50 20 2
= 350 + 50 20 2
= 350 + 1000 2
= 350 + 500
= 850
This results in the same answer as in 15 b).

This makes sense because in both methods, the shapes used cover the same area.
Review
Page 47
Question 17
a) Not all trapezoids can be split into a rectangle and a

triangle. If the right hand side of the side panel does
not have right angles, then the trapezoid cannot be split
into one triangle and one rectangle.
b) Since a trapezoid has four sides, you can always draw a line joining two
diagonal points to form two triangles.
Review
Page 47
Question 18
a) Answers may vary.

You can use a strip of centimetre grid paper, or try placing the non-parallel
sides first.
Review
Page 47
Question 19
a) Answers may vary. One way to draw it is by drawing a rectangle with

a length and width such that l w = 48 cm2 and then take a triangle
from one side and place it on the other to make one side longer.
b) c) Answers may vary.
70
MHR Chapter 1
Review
a)
Page 47
Question 20
Side 1,2 (sides with the "|" mark) = 15

The first and second missing sides have length 15 m.
Side 3 (side with the "||" mark) = 9
The third missing side has length 9 m.
Side 4 (the far right hand side) = 25
The third missing side has length 30 m.
Side 5 (the bottom side) = 15 + 15 + 15
The fifth missing side has length 45 m.
b) Split the parking lot into smaller shapes.

Method 1:
= 30 15
= 450

Length of rectangle 2 = 30 9
= 21
The length of rectangle 2 is 21 m.

= 21 15
= 315

= 30 15
= 450

Total area = Area of rectangle 1 + Area of rectangle 2 + Area of rectangle 3
= 450 + 315 + 450
= 1215
MHR Chapter 1
71
Method 2:
= 15 9
= 135

Width of rectangle 2 = 30 9
= 21
The width of rectangle 2 is 21 m.

= 45 21
= 945

= 15 9
= 135

Total area = Area of rectangle 1 + Area of rectangle 2 + Area of rectangle 3
= 135 + 945 + 135
= 1215

c)
Perimeter = 15 + 9 + 15 + 9 + 15 + 30 + 45 + 30
= 168

Review
Page 47
Question 21
a) Answers may vary slightly. One method is to split the shape into a
parallelogram, trapezoid, and triangle as shown. The area is about 6.0 cm2.
b) Answers may vary slightly. The perimeter is about 15.9 cm.
72
MHR Chapter 1
Chapter 1 Practice Test

Practice Test
Page 48
Question 1
D 21cm
Method 1:
P = 3.5 + 3.5 + 3.5 + 3.5 + 3.5 + 3.5
P = 21

Method 2:
P = 6 3.5
P = 21

Practice Test
Page 48
Question 2
C 600 cm
A = bh
A = 20 30
A = 600

Practice Test
Page 48
Question 3
B 1 m
A = bh 2
A = 2 1 2
A= 22
A =1
The area of the blue region of the flag is 1 m2.

Practice Test
Page 48
Question 4
C 24.9 m
P = 3.0 + 8.9 + 8.0 + 5.0
P = 24.9
The perimeter of the trapezoid is 24.9 m.
MHR Chapter 1
73
Practice Test
Page 48
Question 5
B 22 m
Method 1:
Area = Area of triangle 1 + Area of triangle 2
= ah 2 + b h 2
= 3.0 4.0 2 + 8.0 4.0 2
= 12.0 2 + 8.0 4.0 2
= 6.0 + 8.0 4.0 2
= 6.0 + 32.0 2
= 6.0 + 16.0
= 22

Method 2:
Area = (a + b) h 2
= (3.0 + 8.0) 4.0 2
= 11.0 4.0 2
= 44.0 2
= 22

Practice Test
Page 48
Question 6
a) The figure is a parallelogram.

A = bh
A = 63
A = 18

b) The figure is a triangle.
A = bh 2
A = 55 2
A = 12.5
The area of the triangle is 12.5 m2.
74
MHR Chapter 1
c)
The figure is a trapezoid.

Method 1:
Area = Area of triangle 1 + Area of triangle 2
= ah 2 + b h 2
= 7 4 2 + 13 4 2
= 28 2 + 13 4 2
= 14 + 13 4 2
= 14 + 52 2
= 14 + 26
= 40

Method 2:
Area = (a + b) h 2
= (7 + 13) 4 2
= 20 4 2
= 80 2
= 40

Practice Test
Page 48
a)
5+9 3
= 5+3
=8
b)
12 (6 3)
= 12 3
=9
c)
3 (4 2 + 5)
= 3 (2 + 5)
= 3 7
= 21
Practice Test
Page 48
Question 7
Question 8
a)
6 + 12 3 4 2
= 6+442
= 6+42
= 10 2
=8
b)
2.4 + 3 1.1 + 4.8 (4 0.2)

= 2.4 + 3.3 + 4.8 (20)
= 2.4 + 3.3 + 0.24
= 5.94
MHR Chapter 1
75
Practice Test
Page 48
Question 9
a) Answers may vary. Use a strip of centimetre grid paper, or try placing
the non-parallel sides first.
c)
Answers may vary.
Practice Test
Page 48
Question 10
a) Answers may vary. One way to draw it is by drawing a rectangle

with a length and width such that l w = 38 cm2 and then take a
triangle from one side and place it on the other to make one side
longer.
c)
Answers may vary.
Practice Test
Page 49
Question 11
a) Answers will vary.

The shape should be a trapezoid with the length of the parallel sides being 15 cm and 9 cm
respectively, and a height of 4 cm.
b) Answers will vary. It depends on the shape of your trapezoid.
Practice Test
Page 49
Question 12
a) Method 1:
You can draw a horizontal, straight line from the far left vertical line to the middle
vertical line. The line you draw should create a small rectangle (length of 18 m
and width of 15 m) and a large rectangle (length of 48 m and width of 25 m).
Method 2:
You can draw a vertical, straight line that extends down the middle vertical line.
Draw this line until you hit the bottom of the figure. The line you draw should
create a small rectangle (length of 40 m and width of 18 m) and a large rectangle
(length of 40 m and width of 25 m).
76
MHR Chapter 1
b) Method 1:
= 18 15
= 270

= 48 25
= 1200

= 270 + 1200
= 1470

Method 2:
Length of rectangle 1 = 25 + 15
= 40
= 40 18
= 720

Length of rectangle 2 = 48 18
= 30
= 30 25
= 750

= 720 + 750
= 1470

c)
Add all the sides.

P = 40 + 18 + 15 + 30 + 25 + 48
P = 176 m
The total perimeter is 176 m.
MHR Chapter 1
77
d) Total cost = Length of Fence

= 176 15
= 2640
Amount per meter
The fence will cost $2640.00.

Practice Test
a)
Page 49
Question 13
Length of the bottom side = 25 + 12 + 12

= 49
The length of the bottom side is 49 m.

P = 25 + 8 + 12 + 8 + 49 + 8 + 12 + 8
P = 130
The perimeter of the trapezoid is 130 m.

b) To split up the building layout, you can draw two vertical lines in
the layout. Youll have two small rectangles (length of 12 m and
width of 8 m) and one rectangle (length of 25 m and width of
16 m).
Alternatively, you can draw a horizontal line connecting the two
horizontal 12-m segments. Then, you will have a long rectangle
(length of 49 m and width of 8 m) and a large rectangle (length of
25 m and width of 8 m).
c)
Method 1:
Two 8 12 squares and a 25 16 rectangle method.
A = l1 w1 + 2 (l2 w2 )
= 25 (8 + 8) + 2 8 12
= 25 16 + 2 8 12
= 400 + 2 8 12
= 400 + 16 12
= 400 + 192
= 592
The total area of the building is 592 m2.

Method 2:
A long 49 8 rectangle and another 25 8 rectangle method.
A = l1 w1 + l2 w2
= 49 8 + 25 8
=392 + 200
= 592
The total area of the building is 592 m2.

Both answers are the same because the area will not change if you measure it in a different way.
78
MHR Chapter 1
Practice Test
Page 49
Question 14
Yes, (2 l) + (2 w) can also be written as 2 (l + w). This will be shown

using the 300500 m rectangle.
First, calculate the perimeter using the formula P = (2 l) + (2 w).
P = (2 l ) + (2 w)
P = (2 500) + (2 300)
P = 1000 + 600
P = 1600
Now, using the formula P = 2 (l+w).

P = 2 (l + w)
P = 2 (500 + 300)
P = 2 800
P = 1600
Answers will vary for the other rectangle.
MHR Chapter 1
79

m7 ch1 Solutions Final

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CHAPTER 1 Measurement and Number Sense

The perimeter of the figure is 40 mm.

The perimeter of the figure is 24 m.

a) The polygon has 6 sides.

The perimeter of the polygon is 12 cm.

The perimeter of the polygon is 12 cm.

The perimeter of the polygon is 88 mm.

The perimeter of the polygon is 88 mm.

0.5 km = 0.5 1000 m

The area is 16 cm2.

The area is 8 cm2.

1.1 Perimeters of Two-Dimensional Shapes

Answers will vary.

a) Method 1: Add Side Lengths

The perimeter of the rectangle is 10 m.

The perimeter of the rectangle is 10 m.

The perimeter of the rectangle is 24 cm.

The perimeter of the rectangle is 24 cm.

The perimeter of the rectangle is 22 cm.

The perimeter of the rectangle is 400 cm.

The perimeter of the trapezoid is 140 cm.

The perimeter of the trapezoid is 220 cm.

The perimeter of the trapezoid is 30 cm.

The perimeter of the trapezoid is 8 m.

The perimeter of the trapezoid is 140 mm.

The perimeter of the trapezoid is 64 cm.

The perimeter of the octagon is 96 cm.

The perimeter of the hexagon is 9 m.

The perimeter of the hexagon is 6.9 cm.

The perimeter of the pentagon is 90 mm.

The perimeter of the square is 5 cm.

The perimeter of the triangle is 42 mm.

The perimeter of the octagon is 20.8 m.

The perimeter of the hexagon is 90 cm.

Answers may vary.

Answers may vary.

Convert one measure to the same units as the other.

The perimeter of the rectangle is 450 cm.

The perimeter of the rectangle is 4.5 m.

P = 450 + 150 + 450 + 150

The perimeter of the track is 1200 m.

Distance for 20 laps = 20 Distance for 1 lap

Answers may vary. A right triangle can be formed by cutting a

Answers may vary. Sample solution:

Cost of regular tape = 1.75 $6.00

A loonie is a regular polygon with 11 sides (hendecagon).

The perimeter of a loonie is approximately 7.7 cm or 77 mm.

The perimeter of the track is 170 m.

Distance for 8 laps = 8 Distance for 1 lap

The distance for 8 laps is 1360 m.

Use trial and error to find the number of laps:

Leila must skate almost 18 laps.

Answers may vary.

The perimeter of the gazebo is 18 m.

The length of one side is 2.25 m.

Heidi can design her garden in 6 different ways:

In each case (using the 1 12 rectangle as an example),

1.2 Area of a Parallelogram

The area of the parallelogram is 12 cm2.

The area of the parallelogram is 6 cm2.

The area of the parallelogram is 6 cm2.

The area of the parallelogram is 3 cm2.