PHILIPPINE

HISTORY
Its Roots and Development
Ano ang HISTORY/ KASAYSAYAN?
 Chronological written record of the past
2 uri
1. Tradisyunal
• Nakasulat – document-based
• Tungkol sa Politika lamang
2. Makabago
• Artifacts, fossils, etc
• Oral / local history
 I. PREHISTORY
1. LANDBRIDGE THEORY
 A land bridge is an isthmus or some
other land-based connection between
two otherwise disconnected islands or
continents
 lupang lumitaw noong panahon ng
Pleistocene o matinding paglamig
 Hal: Berring Land bridge (sinasabing
nag-ugnay sa Asia at America)
SUNDA LAND
 Implikasyon sa Pilipinas ng
Sundaland:
• Tayo ay sinasabing bahagi noon pa man
ng mainland Asia
 Taiwan route
 Borneo route
 WALLACE LINE
 a deep sea channel in central Indonesia
that separates the fauna of west
Indonesia (which is more Asian) from
east Indonesia (more Australian). From
the east side of the Wallace Line, these
people reached New Guinea and
Australia, which were also connected by
land bridges
2. VOLCANIC THEORY
 February 1976, Dr. Fritjof Voss, a German

scientist who studied the geology of the

Philippines, questioned the validity of this
theory of land bridges.
 scientific studies done on the earth’s crust

from 1964 to 1967 showed that the 35-

kilometer-thick crust underneath China
does not reach the Philippines.
PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
 MGA SINAUNANG TAO
1. TABON MAN
 Natagpuan sa
Tabon cave,
Palawan
 Homo sapiens
 22-25.000 BP
 Malamang ay
babae
Palawan map
TABON CAVE, PALAWAN
 2. Homo Erectus
 Cagayan Valley
 No fossil but
 Paleolithic tools and Pleistocene
fauna
 750,000 years
 Stone tools
 5000 - 2000 B.C.
Mindanao island, Southern

Philippines
 This piece is an excellent
example of a highly
retouched flake tool. Found
only in the Guri Cave of
Lipuun Point, Palawan,
central Philippines, this piece
is a transitory tool type that
breached the Paleolithic and
Neolithic periods.
 Source:
 www.AyalaMuseum.org
 AUSTRONESIANS
 Grupo ng mga taong sinasabing
pinagmulan ng mga taong nag-populate
sa mga lugar sa SEA, mga isla sa
Pasipiko at isla ng Madagascar sa Aprika
 nagmula sa Indo-China
 Patunay ang pagkakahawig ng mga wika
at kultura sa mga lugar na nabanggit sa
itaas
 II. PRE-COLONIAL

BARANGAY

mula sa salitang BALANGHAY

 BARANGAY
 Mula sa salitang balanghay o
sasakyang pandagat
 Pinamumunuan ng isang lider na
kung tawagin ay datu, rajah,
lakan,atbp.
 Binubuo ng 30-100 pamilya
 I. PULITIKA
 DATU
• Pinuno na pinupili ayon sa mga ss
na pamantayan:
 wisdom
 Katapangan

 Kayamanan

 Karisma

 namamana - Visayas
• may tungkulin na pangalagaan ang
kanyang nasasakupan
•Executive
•Legislative
•Judicial
 Privileges
•Services
•Agricultural produce
•Respect
 Staff: (based on Visayan society)
• Atubang sa Datu – chief minister
• Paragahin – collected and recorded
tribute and crops
• Bilanggo – sheriff or constable
• Paratawag – town crier
 EKONOMIYA
 Stages of Society
1. Hunting and Gathering – nomads
2. Agriculture – Horticulture, intensive
agriculture
3. Trade and Commerce – domestic and
Foreign
4. Industry
5. Urbanization
 Trade and Commerce
• Barter system
• Mediums of exchange: rice, salt and
gold tahil
Domestic Trade: inter-barangay, inter-
island
 Staple food crops
 Thread, cloth and clothing
International Trade: Atlantic to the
Pacific
 Industry
1. Ironworking
2. Woodworking
3. Boatbuilding
4. Pottery
5. Gold working
6. Weaving
 SOCIO-CULTURAL
 TAGALOG  VISAYAN SOCIETY
SOCIETY 1. Datu
1. Maginoo and Datu 2. Timawa
2. Timawa and 3. Oripun
Maharlika
3. Alipin
 Namamahay
 Sa gigilid
1. Maginoo / Datu
 Tagalog aristocracy or upper class who
could claim noble descent
 Family of ruling class

2. Timawa
 Non-slave followers of datu
 Originally were the illegitimate
offspring of datu/maginoo
 Maharlika – technically less free than
timawa
Bontoc tattoo
Bontoc Igorot chaklag, ca.
1900. His facial markings
indicate his status as a
warrior of the highest rank.
Visayan Pintados, Boxer Codex

William Dampier, Giolo A New Voyage Round the World, 1697

3. Alipin
Namamahay
Sa gigilid
• Namamana
• Nahuli sa digmaan
• Pagkakautang
• Parusa
 RELIGION
1. Animism
2. Islam
• Bathala
• Diwata
• Anito
• Likha/Larawan
• Babaylan/Katalonan
 Death and Burial
 Pag-uli
• Graveyards outside the village limits,
near upstream rivers or seacoasts
• Caves
• Small islands – Homonhon
 Afterlife
• Manunggul jar
• For adults
• Babies –reincarnated 9 times
 Manunggul jar,
found in Palawan
 Secondary Burial jar
with cover
 2200 B.C. to A.D. 1521
Salansang, South Cotabato, Philippines
Pre-historic belief systems have influenced burial
practices in pre-Hispanic Philippines when
reverence given to the dead was of great
importance. After a certain period of time, the
remains of the deceased are exhumed, cleaned,
and stored in such vessels. It was likely only the
wealthy who could undergo secondary burials
because the accompanying ceremonies were lavish.
In the absence of written
records, these urns are
valuable testimonies to
how society functioned
then--their hierarchy,
what they valued as
commodities, and what
they traded, among other
practices.
While most burial jars
found in the Philippines
are made of fired clay,
these urns are carved
from limestone, which
make these relatively
rare specimens.
GOLD
 ca. 10th - 13th century
Surigao del Sur, Philippines
 During pre-Hispanic times,
foreign merchants traded semi-
precious stones in exchange for
gold manufactured in Surigao
province in the southern
Philippines. This 22-carat
bracelet inlaid with garnet and
turquoise is an excellent
specimen and bears witness to
the trade networks that plied
Island Southeast Asia.

 Source:
www. AyalaMuseum.org
 Source: Boxer
Codex
 Gamelan’s
traditional
instrument
 Indonesian
Embassy in
Canberra
 Writings
 Petroglyph on the Western  An ancient Austronesian
coast of Hawaii manuscript known as
Baybayin
Islam sa Mindanao
 Muslim traders
 Missionaries
 Teachers
 Sulu:
 1380, an Arab teacher, Mukdum, arrived in
Sulu from the Malay peninsula to preach
Islam. He built the first mosque in
Simunul, Sulu.
 Around 1390, he was followed by Raja
Baginda, a minor ruler of Menangkabaw,
Sumatra.
• 1450, Abu Bakr, a Muslim scholar, came
to Sulu and married Paramisuli, the
daughter of Raja Baginda. After Baginda
died, Abu Bakr established a sultanate
form of government with himself as
sultan. Islam then spread rapidly to all
parts of Sulu.
 Serif Kabungsuan was responsible
for the spread of Islam in Mindanao.
He led a force of Muslim Samals from
Jahore that conquered the natives of
what is now Cotabato and converted
them to Islam. He also married into
an influential family and founded the
first sultanate of Mindanao, with
himself as head.
http://www.filipinoweb.com/thennow.html