9/10/2015

StatickeywordinJavaJavatpoint

Javastatickeyword
Thestatickeywordinjavaisusedformemorymanagementmainly.Wecanapplyjavastatic
keywordwithvariables,methods,blocksandnestedclass.Thestatickeywordbelongstothe
classthaninstanceoftheclass.
Thestaticcanbe:
1. variable(alsoknownasclassvariable)
2. method(alsoknownasclassmethod)
3. block
4. nestedclass

1)Javastaticvariable
Ifyoudeclareanyvariableasstatic,itisknownstaticvariable.
Thestaticvariablecanbeusedtoreferthecommonpropertyofallobjects(thatisnot
uniqueforeachobject)e.g.companynameofemployees,collegenameofstudentsetc.
Thestaticvariablegetsmemoryonlyonceinclassareaatthetimeofclassloading.

Advantageofstaticvariable
Itmakesyourprogrammemoryefficient(i.eitsavesmemory).

Understandingproblemwithoutstaticvariable
.

classStudent{

introllno

Stringname

Stringcollege="ITS"

}
Supposethereare500studentsinmycollege,nowallinstancedatamemberswillgetmemory
eachtimewhenobjectiscreated.Allstudenthaveitsuniquerollnoandnamesoinstancedata
memberisgood.Here,collegereferstothecommonpropertyofallobjects.Ifwemakeit
static,thisfieldwillgetmemoryonlyonce.

Javastaticpropertyissharedtoallobjects.

Exampleofstaticvariable
.

//Programofstaticvariable

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StatickeywordinJavaJavatpoint

classStudent8{

introllno

Stringname

staticStringcollege="ITS"

Student8(intr,Stringn){

rollno=r

name=n

voiddisplay(){System.out.println(rollno+""+name+""+college)}

publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){

Student8s1=newStudent8(111,"Karan")

Student8s2=newStudent8(222,"Aryan")

s1.display()

s2.display()

}
TestitNow
Output:111KaranITS
222AryanITS

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Programofcounterwithoutstaticvariable
Inthisexample,wehavecreatedaninstancevariablenamedcountwhichisincrementedinthe
constructor.Sinceinstancevariablegetsthememoryatthetimeofobjectcreation,eachobject
willhavethecopyoftheinstancevariable,ifitisincremented,itwon'treflecttootherobjects.
Soeachobjectswillhavethevalue1inthecountvariable.
.

classCounter{

intcount=0//willgetmemorywheninstanceiscreated

Counter(){

count++

System.out.println(count)

publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){

Counterc1=newCounter()

Counterc2=newCounter()

Counterc3=newCounter()

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}
TestitNow
Output:1
1
1

Programofcounterbystaticvariable
Aswehavementionedabove,staticvariablewillgetthememoryonlyonce,ifanyobject
changesthevalueofthestaticvariable,itwillretainitsvalue.
.

classCounter2{

staticintcount=0//willgetmemoryonlyonceandretainitsvalue

Counter2(){

count++

System.out.println(count)

publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){

Counter2c1=newCounter2()

Counter2c2=newCounter2()

Counter2c3=newCounter2()

}
TestitNow
Output:1
2
3

2)Javastaticmethod
Ifyouapplystatickeywordwithanymethod,itisknownasstaticmethod.
Astaticmethodbelongstotheclassratherthanobjectofaclass.
Astaticmethodcanbeinvokedwithouttheneedforcreatinganinstanceofaclass.
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staticmethodcanaccessstaticdatamemberandcanchangethevalueofit.

Exampleofstaticmethod
.

//Programofchangingthecommonpropertyofallobjects(staticfield).

classStudent9{

introllno

Stringname

staticStringcollege="ITS"

staticvoidchange(){

college="BBDIT"

Student9(intr,Stringn){

rollno=r

name=n

voiddisplay(){System.out.println(rollno+""+name+""+college)}

publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){

Student9.change()

Student9s1=newStudent9(111,"Karan")

Student9s2=newStudent9(222,"Aryan")

Student9s3=newStudent9(333,"Sonoo")

s1.display()

s2.display()

s3.display()

}
TestitNow
Output:111KaranBBDIT
222AryanBBDIT
333SonooBBDIT

Anotherexampleofstaticmethodthatperformsnormalcalculation
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//Programtogetcubeofagivennumberbystaticmethod

classCalculate{

staticintcube(intx){

returnx*x*x

publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){

intresult=Calculate.cube(5)

System.out.println(result)

}
TestitNow
Output:125

Restrictionsforstaticmethod
Therearetwomainrestrictionsforthestaticmethod.Theyare:
1. Thestaticmethodcannotusenonstaticdatamemberorcallnonstaticmethoddirectly.
2. thisandsupercannotbeusedinstaticcontext.

classA{

inta=40//nonstatic

publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){

System.out.println(a)

}
TestitNow
Output:CompileTimeError

Q)whyjavamainmethodisstatic?
Ans)becauseobjectisnotrequiredtocallstaticmethodifitwerenonstaticmethod,jvm
createobjectfirstthencallmain()methodthatwillleadtheproblemofextramemory
allocation.

3)Javastaticblock

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3)Javastaticblock
Isusedtoinitializethestaticdatamember.
Itisexecutedbeforemainmethodatthetimeofclassloading.

Exampleofstaticblock
.

classA2{

static{System.out.println("staticblockisinvoked")}

publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){

System.out.println("Hellomain")

}
TestitNow
Output:staticblockisinvoked
Hellomain

Q)Canweexecuteaprogramwithoutmain()method?
Ans)Yes,oneofthewayisstaticblockbutinpreviousversionofJDKnotinJDK1.7.
.

classA3{

static{

System.out.println("staticblockisinvoked")

System.exit(0)

}
TestitNow
Output:staticblockisinvoked(ifnotJDK7)

InJDK7andabove,outputwillbe:

Output:Error:MainmethodnotfoundinclassA3,pleasedefinethemainmethodas:
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)

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