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Brodie Parrott
TG10
SACE 901842 W
Brodie Parrott
TG 10
SACE 901842 W
Brodie Parrott
TG10
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Brodie Parrott
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b b 2 4ac
2a
40 40 2 4(15)(15)
2(15)
40 50
30
x 1 / 3,
x3
The maximum velocity occurs at the vertex of the quadratic and can be
found using the same definitions of a, b and c above to be:
Vertex c
b2
4a
40 2
15
2( 15)
68.333ms 1
68.333(3600)
246 km/ h
1000
Brodie Parrott
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s" (t ) lim
h0
h0
30t 0 40
a (t ) 30t 40
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y 30t 40
0 30t 40
40 30t
t 1.333
1.33
The rocket car turns around at the3 point at which its rate of
change is zero. As the velocity
is1b:
the
rate
of change
in displacement,
the
Figure
A sign
diagram
of the acceleration
of the car at
different
times.
Note
that
the
diagram
is
meaningless
roots of the velocity show where the car turned around. Since this model
before t=0 as the car had not started moving then.
is only concerned with the cars displacement at positive times, the only
sensible root is at three seconds. Substituting this into the equation for
the displacement, it can be found that the rocket car was 90m away.
A motion diagram of the car is shown below (figure 1c). The black arrows
represent the motion of the car.
Brodie Parrott
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If this truck were to make the 1375km journey from Adelaide to Sydney
with these conditions, it can be found that the cost to the company for this
trip would amount to $848.93 (for workings see appendix 2a-d).
Factor
Amount
110km/h
1375km
Fuel at $1.49/L
196.43L
Wages at $35/h
12.5 hours
Maintenance at
12.5 hours
$9.50/h
TOTAL COST
Cost
12.5 hours
$292.68
$437.50
$118.75
$848.93
While working with four small calculations gives the cost for a trip,
working this way is time consuming and does not allow for easy
optimisation of any factors which could be optimised. For this a model
must be created. For example, the speed of the truck can be easily
changed and modelled. If the truck travels at x km/h,
Factor
Time
Wages and Maintenance
Fuel Efficiency
Function
1375
x
hours
1375
(35 9.5)
x
dollars
7 (0.1( x 110)) 7 0.1x 11 18 0.1x
kilometres per litre
Brodie Parrott
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1375
18 0.1x
Fuel Volume
litres
1375
(1.49)
18 0.1x
Fuel Cost
dollars
From there, the cost of a trip from Adelaide to Sydney is going to be given
by the following function.
C ( x)
x
18 0.1x
x
18 0.1x
61187.5 2048.75
x
18 0.1x
61187.5(18 0.1x )
2048.75 x
x(18 0.1x)
x (18 0.1x )
1101375 6118.75 2048.75 x
x(18 0.1x )
1101375 4070 x
x(18 0.1x )
1375(801 2.96 x )
x(18 0.1x)
C ( x)
C ( x)
Giving a cost
1375(801 2.96 x )
x (18 0.1x)
To find the optimum speed, ie. Where the cost of the trip is balanced with
the speed of travel best, the root(s) of the first derivative of the cost
function are needed. This cost function is fractional with a variable in both
the numerator and the denominator, and so the quotient rule is needed to
solve it.
f ( x) 1101375 4070 x
f ' ( x) 4070
g ( x) 18 x 0.1x 2
g ' ( x ) 18 0.2 x
Brodie Parrott
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1375(801 2.96 x)
x(18 0.1x)
f ' ( x) g ( x) f ( x) g ' ( x)
C ' ( x)
g ( x) 2
C ( x)
The roots of this new function can be found through technology (figure 2a)
to be 114km/h and 427km/h. As the truck probably cant quite reach
speeds of 427km/h it is reasonable to take the optimum speed to be
114km/h.
The model created
here, while decent,
is not by any means
perfect. If for
example, the truck
were taken to be
travelling at speeds
of over 250km/h it
can be seen from
figure 2a that the
cost of the trip is
negative and
therefore the truck
company gets paid
to make this trip
Figure 2a: The graph of C(x) in red and C(x) in blue with the optimum operating
before it even sells
speed marked on both.
anything. There is no
factor in the model which accounts for this behaviour, no other person who
would give the money, and so the model must have a limit of use somewhere
before the 250km/h mark. The model is also not useful near zero or when the
speed is negative as in these situations the truck either doesnt move or
somehow goes backwards.
A truck can go back and forth between Adelaide and Sydney all it likes with this
model, but if the load on the truck was changed, the truck would have to work
harder and use more fuel to get to its destination. Assuming that for every new
item of freight the truck carries it loses 0.05km/L in fuel efficiency, the truck will
have a new optimum speed with each addition or loss.
Brodie Parrott
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C ( x)
x
18 0.1x
y 96683 x 1
equation
. This
relationship states that the greater
the load, the lower the optimum
speed and therefore the higher the
cost of the trip.
Figure 2b: The graphs of the optimum speed with increased and decreased loads.
The original case is the red line in the middle.
Brodie Parrott
TG10
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Race Information:
Track Length:
260.52km
Lap length:
3.34km
Laps:
78
Rosberg Race Time:
1h
49min 27s
Rosberg Fastest Lap:
1min 19s
v(t )
9000e 3t
(1 10e 3t ) 2
From figure 3a, the acceleration is zero after 0.768 hours, equal to 46min
4.8s (appendix 3c) into the race. At this time, Rosberg had travelled
122.83km (appendix 3d), meaning he was in his 37th lap (appendix 3e),
and at this point in time had a velocity of 225km/h (appendix 3f).
In his 37th lap, Rosbergs top speed was reached, but his average speed
for this lap is different to this value as the model used is imperfect in
describing the speed at every moment of the laps, and indeed between
the laps themselves (appendix 3g). While different, the average is not
significantly so as this speed was on the inflection point of the
displacement graph, and so the maximum speed on this lap will suffice for
this analysis.
Cornering correctly is essential to getting faster lap times on a track like
this and so for the improvement of Rosbergs performance in the 2014
race, this is what shall be focussed upon. In a diagram of the track
(appendix 3h), the speeds of a single lap of the Monaco track at many of
Brodie Parrott
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the corners are outlined, along with the lateral g force on the cars at those
times. This allows for the calculation of the radius of the bend and with an
assumed coefficient of friction of 1, a maximum cornering speed can be
calculated (appendix 3i, 3j).
Corner
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
% Difference Rosberg
to Possible
0
0
0
47.82
14.98
62.60
0
0
0
0
43.47
14.98
62.60
62.60
Brodie Parrott
TG10
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Appendix
1.
s (t ) 5t 3 20t 2 15t
s ' (t ) 3(5t 31 ) 2(20t 21 ) 1(15t 11 )
15t 40t 15
2
a.
Power _ Rule
Sum _ Rule
v (t ) 15t 2 40t 15
v ' (t ) 2(15t 21 ) 1(40t 11 ) 0(15)
b.
30t 40
Power _ Rule
Sum _ Rule
c.
90m
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
1375km
12.5hours
110 km / h
1375km
196.43
7km
196.43($1.49) $292.68
3.
Brodie Parrott
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9000e 3t
(1 10e 3t ) 2
60e 3t 600e 6t
(1 10e 3t ) 3
(27000e 3t 540000e 3t 2700000e 6t ) (540000e 3t 5400000e 6t )
(1 10e 3t ) 3
c.
27000e 3t 2700000e 6t
(1 10e 3t ) 3
0.768(60) 46 min
0.08(60) 4.8s
300
27.275
1 10e 3( 0.768)
122.83km
d (0.768)
d.
e.
122.831
36.776laps
3.34
Brodie Parrott
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9000e 3t
v (t )
(1 10e 3t ) 2
9000e 3( 0.768)
(1 10e 3( 0.768) ) 2
898.727
1.999 2
225km / h
f.
g.
h.
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Brodie Parrott
ac
i.
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v2
v2
r
r
ac
v 2 corner1
a c _ corner1
76.39 2
1 .5
396.95m
results in:
. This process can be repeated for all
corners on the diagram in appendix 3d.
j. The coefficient of friction of a tyre on the road is 1
(Engineering Toolbox, n.d.), meaning that for a formula 1 car
of approximately 700kg including the driver (various websites)
FFs max s FN
would have a maximum static frictional force of
where the normal force (FN) is equal to the mass by
FFs max s FN
1(700)(9.8)
6860 N
Fc r
v2
m
Fc r
v
m
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27440(396.95)
700
124.7 ms 1
of
corners.
Brodie Parrott
TG10
Corn
er
Velocit
y
(km/h)
Velocit
y (ms1
)
gforce
g-force
(ms-2)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
275.00
133.00
275.00
165.00
65.00
125.00
250.00
270.00
280.00
225.00
170.00
105.00
115.00
110.00
76.39
36.94
76.39
45.83
18.06
34.72
69.44
75.00
77.78
62.50
47.22
29.17
31.94
30.56
1.50
3.00
2.50
0.20
2.00
1.00
0.20
0.00
0.50
4.00
0.20
2.00
1.00
1.00
14.70
29.40
24.50
1.96
19.60
9.80
1.96
0.00
4.90
39.20
1.96
19.60
9.80
9.80
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Corner
Radius (m)
k. Diagram velocities at
radius and Nico Rosbergs
The calculations for the corner
are shown above in
396.96
46.42
238.17
1071.78
16.63
123.02
2460.47
Infinite
1234.57
99.65
1137.72
43.40
104.13
95.27
Max
Corner
Speed
(ms-1)
124.74
42.66
96.63
204.97
25.53
69.44
310.56
Infinite
219.99
62.50
211.18
41.25
63.89
61.11
Max Corner
Speed
(km/h)
449.07
153.58
347.85
737.90
91.92
250.00
1118.03
Infinite
791.96
225.00
760.26
148.49
230.00
220.00
Rosberg
Speed
(km/h)
338.25
163.59
338.25
202.95
79.95
153.75
307.50
332.10
344.40
276.75
209.10
129.15
141.45
135.30
Max
Rosberg
Difference
110.82
-10.01
9.60
534.95
11.97
96.25
810.53
Infinite
447.56
-51.75
551.16
19.34
88.55
84.70
%Difference
33
-6
3
264
15
63
264
Infinite
130
-19
264
15
63
63
Brodie Parrott
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l. Maximum cornering speeds compared to Nico Rosberg assumed speeds with speed limit of 300km/h on
both maximum speed and Rosbergs speed. Also corrected where Rosberg exceeded the calculated
maximum cornering speed. Corrected values are shown in red.
Corner Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
m.
Max Corner
Max - R
Speed (km/h)
R Speed (km/h) Difference
%Difference R
300.00
300.00
0.00
0.00
153.58
153.58
0.00
0.00
300.00
300.00
0.00
0.00
300.00
202.95
97.05
47.82
91.92
79.95
11.97
14.98
250.00
153.75
96.25
62.60
300.00
300.00
0.00
0.00
Infinite
Infinite
Infinite
Infinite
300.00
300.00
0.00
0.00
225.00
225.00
0.00
0.00
300.00
209.10
90.90
43.47
148.49
129.15
19.34
14.98
230.00
141.45
88.55
62.60
220.00
135.30
84.70
62.60