Dissolving

Forming a solution by mixing two or more materials

together is called dissolving
The solute is the substance that dissolves in a
solvent. The solvent is the substance that
dissolves the solute to form a solution.
You dissolve salt in water. Which is the solute??
Which is the solvent??

Continued

Soluble means to be able to be dissolved in

a particular solvent. Solutes and solvents
can be gases or liquids.
Insoluble: means unable to dissolve in a
particular solvent
Give an example of a substance that is
soluble in water?
Give an example of a substance that is
insoluble in water?

Measuring Concentration

The concentration of a solution is the actual

amount of solute in a specific amount of solvent.
Example: 50 grams of solute dissolved in 100 ml of
water has a concentration of 50g/100ml
Concentration can also be stated as a percentage ie. 5% (means, 5g/100ml).
Extremely low concentrations are stated in ppm
(parts per million).

Comparing Concentrations

To compare concentrations of two solutions, you

need to know the amount of solute in the same
volume of solvent for each solution.
Solution 1: 10g of salt in 50ml of water
Solution 2: 25g of salt in 100ml of water

Which solution has a higher concentration?

Comparing Concentrations

Solution 1: 1500mg of juice mix in

100mL of water
Solution 2: 1.5g of juice mix in 100mL
of water
Which solution is more concentrated?

Solubility

Solubility: The mass of a solute that can

dissolve in a given amount of solvent to form
a saturated solution at a given temperature.
How much can be dissolved??
Saturated: No more solute will dissolve in a
specific amount of solvent at a specific
temperature

unsaturated solution is one in which more

solute can be dissolved in a specific solvent at
the same specific temperature

Solubility

Supersaturated: A solution that

contains more solute than would
normally dissolve at a certain
temperature.
Every solution has a saturation point
at a given temperature

This occurs when no more solute can be

dissolved

Factors Effecting Solubility

Water - is called the 'universal solvent',

because it can dissolve so many materials.
Solutions where water is the solvent are called
aqueous solutions.
Each combination of solvent and solute will
have a different solubility

Not all solutions have to be made up of only liquid

Solubility Changes with

Temperature

For most common solid or liquid

substances solubility increases as the
temperature of the solvent increases

At 25C you can dissolve 36.2g grams of

salt in 100mL of water but at 100C you
can dissolve 39.2g

For gases when temperature

increases the solubility of a gas in a
liquid solvent decreases

Thermal Pollution

The decrease in the solubility of gases

with temperature increase can have a
serious effect on the environment.
All water contains various gases such
as oxygen.
If the temperature of water increases
then there is less oxygen that can be
dissolved in the water thus, affecting
the living organisms in the water.

Solubility
Substance

Solubility (g/100g Water) at

0oC

20oC

40oC

60oC

80oC

100oC

Copper Sulfate

15

20

30

40

55

79

Lithium Sulfate

35

35

33

31

30

29

Ammonium
Chloride

30

38

45

55

65

78

1. Which substance has the greatest solubility at 80oC?

2. Which solution is saturated at 60oC, with 40g dissolved
in 100g of water?
3. Mr. Chin wants to add 2g of Copper sulfate to a
solution that already contains 14g of copper sulfate/
100 g of water at 0oC. What will happen??

Solubility