II-C Power of Taxation

A. Definition
1. Classification

D000 The Apostolic Prefect of the Mountain Province vs. El Tesorero de la

Ciudad de Baguio,
GR L- 47252, 18 April 1941; En Banc, Imperial [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1941/apr1941/gr_l47252_1941.html) <

B. Purpose
1. Taxes

D101 Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Algue, GR L-28896, 17 February

1988; First
Division, Cruz [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1988/feb1988/gr_l_28896_1988.html) <
a. Taxation as implement of Police Power
[1] License fees for regulation viz taxes for revenue
[a] Amount allowed
2. Tariffs and Custom duties

D102 Commissioner of Customs vs. Makasiar, GR 79307, 29 August 1989;

Third Division,
Cortes [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1989/aug1989/gr_79307_1989.html) <
C. Exercising Authority
1. National Government
2. Local Government
D. Limitations
1. Constitutional guarantees
a. Equal protection
2. Double taxation

D200 Punsalan vs. Municipal Board of the City of Manila, GR L-4817, 26 May
1954; En Banc,
Reyes [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1954/may1954/gr_l-4817_1954.html) <
E. Tax exemptions
1. Nature of use (actually, directly, and exclusively)

xxxx Herrera vs. Quezon City Board of Assessment Appeals, GR L-15270, 30

September
1961; En Banc, Concepcion [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1961/sep1961/gr_l15270_1961.html) <

D201 Province of Abra vs. Hernando, GR L-49336, 31 August 1981; Second

Division, Fernando
[CJ] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1981/aug1981/gr_49336_1981.html) <
D202 Abra Valley College Inc. vs. Aquino, GR L-39086, 15 June 1988; Second
Division, Paras
[J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1988/jun1988/gr_l_39086_1988.html) <
2. Institutions
a. Under the Constitution
(1) Religious

D203 Roman Catholic Bishop of Nueva Segovia vs. Provincial Board of

Ilocos Norte,
GR 27588, 31 December 1927; En Banc, Avancea [CJ]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1927/dec1927/gr_l-27588_1927.html) <

(a) License fees

D204 American Bible Society vs. City of Manila, GR L-9637, 30 April 1957;
Second
Division, Felix [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1957/apr1957/gr_l-9637_1957.html) <

(b) Assessment for gift tax

D205 Lladoc vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, GR L-19201, 16 June

1965; En
Banc, Paredes [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1965/jun1965/gr_l-19201_1965.html) <
(2) Charitable

D206 Lung Center of the Philippines vs. Quezon City, GR 144104, 29 June
2004; En
Banc, Callejo Sr. [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2004/jun2004/gr_144104_2004.html) <
(a) Hospitals
(b) Donations for charitable institutions

xxxx Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Bishop of the Missionary

District of the
Philippine Islands for the Protestant Episcopal Church in the USA, GR L19445, 31
August 1965; En Banc, Regala [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1965/aug1965/gr_l19445_1965.html) <

[1] Non-essential goods as donation

(3) Educational
(4) Combination

D207 Young Men's Christian Association of Manila vs. Collector of Internal

Revenue,
GR L-7988, 19 January 1916; En Banc, Moreland [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1916/jan1916/gr_l-7988_1916.html) <

III. Bill of Rights Proper

III-A. Due Process and Equal Protection of the Law
A. Due Process
A. Definition, Nature and Scope
B. Purpose
C. Life, Liberty and Property
1. Life
2. Liberty

E001 Rubi vs. Provincial Board of Mindoro, GR L-14078, 7 March 1919; En

Banc, Malcolm [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1919/mar1919/gr_l-14078_1919.html) <

3. Property
D. Primary consideration in due process claims
E. Types/Components of Due Process
1. Substantive Due Process
a. Law should not be vague nor too broad

xxxx Villegas vs. Hiu Chiong Tsai Pao Ho, GR L-29646, 10 November 1978; En
Banc,
Fernandez [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1978/nov1978/gr_29646_1978.html) <
E002 Estrada vs. Sandiganbayan [Third Division], GR 148560, 19 November
2001; En
Banc, Bellosillo [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2001/nov2001/gr_148560_2001.html) <
xxxx Ong vs. Sandiganbayan, GR 126858, 16 September 2005; Second Division,
Tinga [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/sep2005/gr_126858_2005.html) <

xxxx David vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, GR 171396, 3 May 2006; En Banc, SandovalGutierrez

[J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/may2006/gr_171396_2006.html) <
(1) Facial challenge

(a) Overbreadth doctrine

(b) Void-for-vagueness doctrine
[1] Standards need to be set
[2] Ambiguity cannot be created
[3] Resort to plain meaning of words when not defined in law
[4] Definitional predicament
2. Procedural Due Process
a. Essence
b. Publication requirement

E003 Tanada vs. Tuvera, GR L-63815, 29 December 1986; En Banc, Cruz [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1986/dec1986/gr_63915_1986.html) <

xxxx Philippine International Trading Corporation vs. Angeles, GR 108461,

21 October
1996; Second Division, Torres Jr. [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1996/oct1996/gr_108461_1996.html) <

xxxx Republic of the Philippines vs. Express Telecommunication Co. Inc., GR

147096, 15
January 2002; First Division, Ynares-Santiago [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2002/jan2002/gr_147096_2002.html) <

E004 Garcillano vs. House of Representatives Committes on Public

Information, GR
170338, 23 December 2008; En Banc, Nachura [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2008/dec2008/gr_170338_2008.html) <

(1) Publication indispensible

(2) Legislations/issuances required to be published
(3) Content of law required to be published
(4) Where required to be published
(5) When required to be published
c. Judicial and Administrative due process
(1) Judicial due process

E005 El Banco Espanol-Filipino vs. Palanca, GR L-11390, 26 March 1918; En

Banc,
Street [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1918/mar1918/gr_l-11390_1918.html) <
(2) Administrative due process
d. Choice of procedure
e. Requirements, in general
(1) Court having jurisdiction over subject matter, person and/or property
(a) Jurisdiction
[1] Irregularity as a question involving jurisdiction or involving due process of law
(b) Impartial tribunal
[1] Judicial
Copyright (c) 2012. Berne Guerrero 1
Constitutional Law II (Prof. Michael Vernon Guerrero Mendiola)

E006 People of the Philippines vs. Court of Appeals, GR 118882, 26

September
1996; Third Division, Melo [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1996/sep1996/gr_118882_1996.html) <

E007 Tabuena vs. Sandiganbayan, GRs 103501-03, 17 February 1997; En Banc,

Francisco [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1997/feb1997/gr_103501_1997.html) <
[2] Administrative and Quasi-judicial

xxxx Anzaldo vs. Clave, GR L-54597, 15 December 1982; Second Division, Aquino
[J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1982/dec1982/gr_l_54597_1982.html) <
xxxx Tanada vs. Philippine Atomic Energy Commission, GR 70632, 11
February

1986; En Banc
Resolution, Plana [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1986/feb1986/gr_68474_1986.html) <
E008 Javier vs. Commission on Elections, GRs L-68379-81, 22 September 1986;
En
Banc, Cruz [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1986/sep1986/gr_68379_81_1986.html) <
E009 Tejano vs. Ombudsman, GR 159190, 30 June 2005; Second Division, ChicoNazario [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/jun2005/gr_159190_2005.html) <
(c) Prejudicial publicity

xxxx Re: Live TV and Radio Coverage of the Hearing of President Corazon
C.
Aquinos Libel Case (En Banc Resolution of 22 October 1991)
(http://www.lawphil.net/courts/supreme/reso/reso_oct_1991.html) <

xxxx Webb vs. de Leon, GR 121234, 23 August 1995; Second Division, Puno [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1995/aug1995/gr_121234_1995.html) <

xxxx People vs. Teehankee, GRs 111206-08, 6 October 1995; Second Division,
Puno
[J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1995/oct1995/gr_111206_08_1995.html) <
xxxx Larranaga vs. Court of Appeals, GR 130644, 13 March 1998; Second
Division
Resolution, Puno [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1998/mar1998/gr_130644_1998.html) <
E00A Estrada vs. Desierto, GRs 146710-15, 2 March 2001; En Banc, Puno [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2001/mar2001/gr_146710_2001.html) <

xxxx Re: Request Radio-TV Coverage of the Trial in the Sandiganbayan of

the
Plunder Cases Against the Former President Joseph E. Estrada, AM 01-4-03SC, 29
June 2001; En Banc, Vitug [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2001/jun2001/am_01_4_03_sc_2001.html) <

xxxx People vs. Sanchez, GRs 121039-45, 18 October 2001; Special First Division
Resolution, Melo [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2001/oct2001/gr_121039_2001.html) <
E00B In RE Petition for Radio and Television Coverage of the Multiple
Murder
Cases against Maguindanao Governor Zaldy Ampatuan, AM 10-11-5-SC, 14
June
2011; En Banc Resolution, Carpio Morales [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2011/jun2011/am_10-11-5-sc_2011.html) <

[1] Rights involved in media coverage in courtroom

[2] No records in the Constitution as to media coverage in courtroom
[3] Schools of thought on unrestrained publicity
[4] Approaches of the Court RE media coverage
[a] In general
[b] During trial inside the courtroom
[5] Totality of circumstances test
[6] Open and public trial
[7] Remedies available for accused
[8] Guidelines for Ampatuan trial; Application pro hac vice
(2) Opportunity to be heard (Notice and Hearing)
(a) Preliminary investigation and/or Reinvestigation

xxxx Roxas vs. Vasquez, GR 114944, 19 June 2001; First Division, Ynares-Santiago
[J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2001/jun2001/gr_114944_2001.html) <

E00C Budiongan vs. de la Cruz, GR 170288, 22 September 2006; First Division,

Ynares-Santiago [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/sep2006/gr_170288_2006.html) <

[1] Personal notice
[a] Notice to nonresident
(b) Information and Arraignment
[1] Proper notification of charges

E00D Summary Dismissal Board vs. Torcita, GR 130442, 6 April 2000; Third
Division, Gonzaga-Reyes [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2000/apr2000/gr_130442_2000.html) <

[2] Sanity

E00E People vs. Estrada, GR 130487, 19 June 2000; En Banc, Puno [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2000/jun2000/gr_130487_2000.html) <

[a] Competence to stand trial, and Suspension of arraignment

[b] Determination of sanity
[c] Mental examination
[d] Deprivation of mental examination a violation of due process
[3] Extradition

xxxx Secretary of Justice vs. Lantion, GR 139465, 18 January 2000; En Banc,

Melo [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2000/jan2000/gr_139465_2000.html) <
E00F Secretary of Justice vs. Lantion, GR 139465, 17 October 2000; En Banc
Resolution, Puno [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2000/oct2000/gr_139465_2000.html) <
(c) Hearing proper
[1] Notice for ocular inspection
(d) Exceptions to notice and hearing
[1] Judicial
[a] Preliminary injunction

E010 Marohombsar v. Judge Adiong, A.M. RTJ-02-1674, January 22, 2004,

Thrid Division, Corona [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2004/jan2004/am_rtj-021674_2004.html) <

[2] Administrative proceedings

E011 De Bisschop vs. Galang, GR L-18365, 31 May 1963; En Banc, Reyes JBL [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1963/may1963/gr_l-18365_1963.html) <

xxxx Var-Orient Shipping Co. Inc. vs. Achacoso, GR 81805, 31 May 1988; First
Division, Grino- Aquino [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1988/may1988/gr_81805_1988.html) <

[a] Cancellation of passport when facing criminal charge

E012 Suntay vs. People of the Philippines, GR L-9430, 29 June 1957; En Banc,
Padilla [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1957/jun1957/gr_l-9430_1957.html) <
[b] Exercise of quasi-legislative functions

E013 Philippine Communications Satellite Corporation vs. Alcuaz, GR 84818,

18 December 1989; En Banc, Regalado [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1989/dec1989/gr_84818_1989.html) <

(3) Decisions after hearing

(a) Basis expressed
f. Requirements: Administrative

E014 Ang Tibay vs. Court of Industrial Relations, GR L-46496, 27 February

1940; En Banc,
Laurel [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1940/feb1940/gr_l-46496_1940.html) <
xxxx Manila Electric Company vs. Public Service Commission, GR L-13638-40,
30 June
1964; En Banc, Paredes [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1964/jun1964/gr_l-1363840_1964.html) <

(1) Academic due process

E015 Montemayor vs. Araneta University Foundation, GR L-44251, 31 May

1977;
Second Division, Fernando [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1977/may1977/gr_44251_1977.html)
<

xxxx Ateneo de Manila University vs. Court of Appeals, GR L-56180, 16

October 1986;
Second Division, Gutierrez Jr. [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1986/oct1986/gr_56180_1986.html) <

E016 Alcuaz vs. Philippine School of Business Administration, GR 76353, 2

May 1988;
Second Division, Paras [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1988/may1988/gr_76353_1988.html) <

E017 Non vs. Dames, GR 89317, 20 May 1990; En Banc, Cortes [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1990/may1990/gr_89317_1990.html) <

III-A. B. Equal Protection

A. Nature
B. Scope
C. Classification

F000 Central Bank Employees Association Inc. vs. Bangko Sentral ng

Pilipinas, GR 148208, 15
December 2004; En Banc, Puno [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2004/dec2004/gr_148208_2004.html) <

1. Roles of legislature and judiciary in classification

2. Class legislation

xxxx Chavez vs. Presidential Commission on Good Government [PCGG], GR

130716, 9
December 1998; First Division, Panganiban [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1998/dec1998/gr_130716_1998.html) <

3. Sample cases
a. Gender discrimination

F001 Philippine Association of Service Exporters Inc. vs. Drilon, GR 81958,

30 June 1988;
En Banc, Sarmiento [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1988/jun1988/gr_81958_1988.html) <
b. Administration of Justice

F002 People vs. Isnain, GR L-2857, 28 February 1950; En Banc, Bengzon [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1950/feb1950/gr_l-2857_1950.html) <

F003 Nunez vs. Sandiganbayan, GRs L-50581-50616, 30 January 1982; En Banc,

Fernando
[CJ] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1982/jan1982/gr_l_50581_50617_1982.html) <
F004 Gallardo vs. People of the Philippines, GR 142030, 21 April 2005; Second
Division,
Chico-Nazario [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/apr2005/gr_142030_2005.html) <
c. Public policy

xxxx United Democratic Opposition [UNIDO] vs. Commission on Elections,

GR 56515, 3
April 1981; En Banc, Barredo [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1981/apr1981/gr_56515_1981.html) <

(1) Academic standards

xxxx Tablarin vs. Gutierrez, GR 78164, 31 July 1987; En Banc, Feliciano [J]
(supra., )
(2) Commercial endeavors

F005 Beltran vs. Secretary of Health, GR 133640, 25 November 2005; En Banc,

Azcuna
[J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/nov2005/gr_133640_2005.html) <
(3) Cooperatives

F006 Philippine Rural Electric Cooperatives Association Inc. [PHILRECA] vs.

Secretary of Department of Interior and Local Government, GR 143076, 10
June 2003;
En Banc, Puno [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2003/jun2003/gr_143076_2003.html) <
(4) Employment

xxxx International School Alliance of Educators [ISAE] vs. Quisumbing, GR

128845, 1
June 2000; First Division, Kapunan [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2000/jun2000/gr_128845_2000.html) <

xxxx Philippine National Bank vs. Palma, GR 157279, 9 August 2005; Third
Division,
Panganiban [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/aug2005/gr_157279_2005.html) <
xxxx Central Bank Employees Association Inc. vs. Bangko Sentral ng
Pilipinas, GR
148208, 15 December 2004; En Banc, Puno [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2004/dec2004/gr_148208_2004.html) <

(5) Franking privilege

F007 Philippine Judges Association vs. Prado, GR 105371, 11 November 1993;

En Banc,
Cruz [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1993/nov1993/gr_105371_1993.html) <
(6) Investment zones

F008 Tiu vs. Court of Appeals, GR 127410, 20 January 1999; En Banc,

Panganiban [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1999/jan1999/gr_127410_1999.html) <

F009 Coconut Oil Refiners Association Inc. vs. Torres, GR 132527, 29 July
2005; En
Banc, Azcuna [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/jul2005/gr_132527_2005.html) <
(7) Permits

xxxx Olivares vs. Sandiganbayan, GR 118533, 4 October 1995; Second Division,

Regalado [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1995/oct1995/gr_118533_1995.html) <
(8) Transportation

xxxx Mirasol vs. Department of Public Works and Highways, GR 158793, 8

June 2006;
En Banc, Carpio [J] (supra., )
D. Applicability of equal protection in relative constitutionality
E. Tests
III-C Freedom of Expression, Press, Assembly, and Association
A. Freedom of Expression or Speech
A. Free Speech as a fundamental postulate in Philippine Constitutional system

H000 In RE Constitutionality of RA 4880. Gonzales vs. Commission on Elections,

GR L-27833, 18
April 1969; En Banc, Fernando [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1969/apr1969/gr_l27833_1969.html) <

H001 ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation vs. Commission on Elections, GR

133486, 28 January
2000; En Banc, Panganiban [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2000/jan2000/gr_133486_2000.html) <

1. In academic institutions

H002 Miriam College Foundation Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, GR 127930, 15

December 2000;
First Division, Kapunan [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2000/dec2000/gr_127930_2000.html) <

B. History of Freedom of Speech in the Philippines

C. Limitations / Test(s)

H003 Zaldivar vs. Gonzales, GRs 79690-707, 1 February 1989; En Banc

Resolution, Per Curiam
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1989/feb1989/gr_79690_707_1989.html) <

H004 Social Weather Stations Inc. vs. Commission on Elections, GR 147571,

5 May 2001; Second
Division, Mendoza [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2001/may2001/gr_147571_2001.html) <
1. Clear and Present Danger Rule, and Dangerous Tendency Rule
2. Clear and Present Danger Test, and Balancing of Interest Test
3. O'Brien Test
D. Legislation and prior restraint
1. Opinions during plebiscites

H005 Sanidad vs. Commission on Elections, GR 90878, 29 January 1990; En

Banc, Medialdea
[J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1990/jan1990/gr_90878_1990.html) <
2. Exit polls
3. Invitations to attend a hearing and answer some questions

H006 Babst vs. National Intelligence Board, GR L-62992, 28 September 1984;

En Banc
Resolution, Plana [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1984/sep1984/gr_l62992_1984.html) <
E. Unprotected Speech
1. Defamation or Libel

H100 United States vs. Bustos, GR L-12592, 8 March 1918; En Banc, Malcolm [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1918/mar1918/gr_l-12592_1918.html) <

H101 Borjal vs. Court of Appeals, GR 126466, 14 January 1999; Second Division,
Bellosillo [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1999/jan1999/gr_126466_1999.html) <

H102 Philippine Journalists Inc. [People's Journal] vs. Thoenen, GR 143372,

13 December
2005; Second Division, Chico-Nazario [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/dec2005/gr_143372_2005.html) <

a. Libel
(1) Doctrine of privileged communications
(a) Absolute privileged communications
[1] Congressional Speech and debate
(b) Qualified privileged communications
[1] Private communications
[a] Imputations in pleadings
[2] Fair and true report without any comments or remarks

H103 Elizalde vs. Gutierrez, GR L-33615, 22 April 1977; Second Division,

Fernando [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1977/apr1977/gr_33615_1977.html) <
[a] Fair comments
[b] Allegedly inaccurate reports, and News title
[c] No Constitutional Protection for Deliberately False or Recklessly Inaccurate
Reports
{1} No chilling effect
[d] Hoaxes

H104 Lopez vs. Court of Appeals, GR L-26549, 31 July 1970; En Banc,

Fernando [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1970/jul1970/gr_26549_1970.html) <

(2) Identity

H105 Baguio Midland Courier vs. Court of Appeals, GR 107566, 25 November

2004;
Second Division, Chico-Nazario [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2004/nov2004/gr_107566_2004.html) <

(a) Public figure

[1] Political candidate, not yet a public official
[2] Activities inbued with public interest
(3) Malice
(4) Forum where constitutionality questioned
(a) Effect of violation of right
b. Seditious libel

H106 Espuelas vs. People of the Philippines, GR L-2990, 17 December 1951;

En Banc,
Bengzon [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1951/dec1951/gr_l-2990_1951.html) <
c. Contemptuous imputations / publication

H107 People of the Philippines vs. Alarcon, GR 46551, 12 December 1939; En

Banc, Laurel
[J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1939/dec1939/gr_l-46551_1939.html) <
H108 Cabansag vs. Fernandez, GR L-8974, 18 October 1957; En Banc, Bautista
Angelo [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1957/oct1957/gr_l-8974_1957.html) <

xxxx People of the Philippines vs. Castelo, GR L-11816, 23 April 1962; En Banc,
Bautista
Angelo [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1962/apr1962/gr_l-11816_1962.html) <
H109 Nestle Philippines Inc. vs. Sanchez, GR 75209, 30 September 1987; En
Banc
Resolution, Per Curiam (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1987/sep1987/gr_75209_1987.html) <
H10AColumn of Mr. Ramon Tulfo in the Philippine Daily Inquirer Issues of
13 and 16
October 1989; En Banc Resolution
H10B In RE Emil P. Jurado, AM 93-2-037 SC, 6 April 1995; En Banc Resolution,
Narvasa
[CJ]
H10CRe: Letter of the UP Law Faculty, AM 10-10-4-SC, 8 March 2011; En Banc,
Leonardode
Castro [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2011/mar2011/am_10-10-4-sc_2011.html) <
(1) Free press and Administration of justice
(2) Akin to libel
(3) Intent to impede, obstruct, embarrass, or influence the Courts in administering justice in
a
pending case
(4) Preservation of the authority of the Court
(5) Where facts not confidential
(a) Investigations should not be open and public to avoid embarrassment
2. Obscenity

H10DGonzales vs. Kalaw Katigbak, GR L-69500, 22 July 1985; En Banc,

Fernando [CJ]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1985/jul1985/gr_l69500_1985.html) <

H10EMovie and Television Review and Classification Board [MTRCB] vs.

ABS-CBN

Broadcasting Corporation, GR 155282, 17 January 2005; Third Division,

Sandoval-Gutierrez [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/jan2005/gr_155282_2005.html) <

H10F Fernando vs. Court of Appeals, GR 159751, 6 December 2006; Third

Division,
Quisumbing [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/dec2006/gr_159751_2006.html) <
3. Against Privacy

xxxx Lagunzad vs. Soto vda. de Gonzales, GR L-32066, 6 August 1979; First
Division,
Melencio-Herrera [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1979/aug1979/gr_l_32066_1979.html) <
H110 Ayer Productions Pty. Ltd. vs. Capulong, GR 82380, 29 April 1988; En
Banc, Feliciano
[J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1988/apr1988/gr_82380_1988.html) <
B. Freedom of the Press
A. Not unbridled
B. Norms

xxxx In RE Emil P. Jurado, AM 93-2-037 SC, 6 April 1995; En Banc Resolution,

Narvasa [CJ]
(supra.)
1. Constitutional Law Norms
2. Civil Law Norms
3. Philippine Journalist's Code of Ethics
C. Sources
1. RA 53 confers no immunity from liability for false or defamatory publications
2. Group libel
3. Substantiation of news report not inconsistent with RA 53
4. Need for guidelines
D. Acts deemed violative
1. Search and seizure; Closure by government

I000 Burgos vs. Chief of Staff, Armed Forces of the Philippines, GR L-64261,
26 December
1984; En Banc, Escolin [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1984/dec1984/gr_l64261_1984.html) <

I001 Eastern Broadcasting Corporation [DYRE] vs. Dans, GR L-59329, 189 July
1985; En
Banc Resolution, Gutierrez Jr. [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1985/jul1985/gr_l59329_1985.html) <

2. Prevention of lawful activity

xxxx ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation vs. Commission on Elections, GR

133486, 28
January 2000; En Banc, Panganiban [J] (supra., )
a. Exit polls
C. Freedom of Assembly

J000 Bayan v. Ermita, GR 169848, 25 April 2006; En Banc, Azcuna [J]

(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/apr2006/gr_169838_2006.html) <

A. Permits

J100 Primicias vs. Fugoso, GR L-1800, 27 January 1948; En Banc, Feria [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1948/jan1948/gr_l-1800_1948.html) <

xxxx Navarro vs. Villegas, GR L-31687, 26 February 1970; En Banc Resolution

(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1970/feb1970/gr_31687_1970.html) <

xxxx Ignacio vs. Ela, GR L-6858, 31 May 1956; En Banc, Bautista Angelo [J]
J001 Reyes vs. Bagatsing, GR L-65366, 9 November 1983; En Banc, Fernando [CJ]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1983/nov1983/gr_l_65366_1983.html) <

J002 Ruiz vs. Gordon, GR L-65695, 19 December 1983; En Banc, Fernando [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1983/dec1983/gr_l_65695_1983.html) <

B. In guise of religious exercise

J100 German vs. Barangan, GR L-68828, 27 March 1985; En Banc, Escolin [J] See
http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1985/jan1985/gr_l68828_1985.html) <

C. School assemblies

J200 Malabanan vs. Ramento, GR L-62270, 21 May 1984; En Banc, Fernando [CJ]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1984/may1984/gr_l62270_1984.html) <

J201 Arreza vs. Gregorio Araneta University Foundation, GR L-62297, 19 June

1985; En Banc,
Fernando [CJ] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1985/jun1985/gr_l62297_1985.html) <
D. Grievance by government employees

J300 Acosta vs. Court of Appeals, GR 132088, 28 June 2000; Second Division, De
Leon Jr. [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2000/jun2000/gr_132088_2000.html) <

D. Freedom of Association
A. Political

xxxx In RE Constitutionality of RA 4880. Gonzales vs. Commission on

Elections, GR L-27833,
18 April 1969; En Banc, Fernando [J] (supra., )
K000 Ang Ladlad LGBT vs. Commission on Elections, GR 190582, 8 April 2010;
En Banc, del
Castillo [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/apr2010/gr_190582_2010.html) <
B. Integrated Bar

K100 In RE Edilion, AM 1928, 3 August 1978; En Banc Resolution, Castro [CJ]

(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1978/aug1978/am_1928_1978.html) <

III-D Freedom of Religion

xxxx Aglipay vs. Ruiz, GR L-45459, 13 March 1937; En Banc, Laurel [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1937/mar1937/gr_l-45459_1937.html) <

L000 Iglesia ni Cristo vs. Court of Appeals, GR 119673, 26 July 1996; En Banc,
Puno [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1996/jul1996/gr_119673_1996.html) <

xxxx Estrada vs. Escritor, AM P-02-1651, 4 August 2003; En Banc, Puno [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2003/aug2003/am_p-02-1651_2003.html) <

L001 Estrada vs. Escritor, AM P-02-1651, 22 June 2006; En Banc, Puno [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/jun2006/am_p-02-1651_2006.html) <

L002 Fonacier vs. Court of Appeals, GR L-5917, 28 January 1955; En Banc,

Bautista Angelo [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1955/jan1955/gr_l-5917_1955.html) <

L003 Islamic Da'Wah Council of the Philippines vs. Office of the Executive
Secretary, GR 153888,
9 July 2003; En Banc, Corona [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2003/jul2003/gr_153888_2003.html) <

xxxx Ebralinag vs. Division Superintendent of School of Cebu, GR 95770, 1

March 1993; En Banc,
Grino-Aquino [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1993/mar1993/gr_95770_1993.html) <
L004 Ebralinag vs. Division Superintendent of School of Cebu, GR 95770, 29
December 1995; En
Banc Resolution, Kapunan [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1995/dec1995/gr_95770_1995.html) <

L005 Centeno vs. Villalon-Pornillos, GR 113092, 1 September 1994; Second

Division, Regalado [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1994/sep1994/gr_113092_1994.html) <

L006 Victoriano vs. Elizalde Rope Workers' Union, GR L-25246, 12 September

1974; Second
Division, Zaldivar [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1974/sep1974/gr_l_25246_1974.html) <
L007 Pamil vs. Teleron, GR L-34854, 20 November 1978; En Banc, Fernando [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1978/nov1978/gr_34854_1978.html) <

III-B Non-Impairment of Contracts

A. Nature, Purpose and Limitations
B. Retroactive effect of legislation pursuant to police power against existing contracts

G000 Caleon vs. Agus Development Corporation, GR 77365, 7 April 1992;

Third Division, Bidin
[J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1992/apr1992/gr_77365_1992.html) <
G001 Ortigas & Co. Ltd. vs. Court of Appeals, GR 126102, 4 December 2000;
Second Division,
Quisumbing [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2000/dec2000/gr_126102_2000.html) <
C. Determination whether there is impairment
1. No impairment as there are no contracts
a. Checks

xxxx Lozano vs. Martinez, GR L-63419, 18 December 1986; En Banc, Yap [J]
(supra., )
b. Medical Prescriptions

xxxx Del Rosario vs. Bengzon, GR 88265, 21 December 1989; En Banc, GrioAquino [J]
(supra., )
c. Franchise

G100 Manila Electric Company vs. Province of Laguna, GR 131359, 5 May

1999; Third
Division, Vitug [J] (http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1999/may1999/gr_131359_1999.html) <
d. Outside of commerce of man

xxxx Villanueva vs. Castaneda, GR L-61311, 21 September 1987; First Division,

Cruz [J]
(supra., )
(1) Plazas and sidewalks not subject to contracts
2. When police power does not affect contracts between parties

G101 Tiro vs. Hostanosas, GR L-32312, 25 November 1983; Second Division,

Abad Santos [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1983/nov1983/gr_l_32312_1983.html) <

3. Extended moratorium laws

G103 Rutter vs. Esteban, GR L-3708, 18 May 1953; En Banc, Bautista Angelo [J]
(http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1953/may1953/gr_l-3708_1953.html) <
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