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1.
if and only if
2.
1.
log
2.
Natural Base e
ln
To solve an exponential equation, first isolate the exponential expression, then take the logarithm of both sides
of the equation and solve for the variable.
2.
To solve a logarithmic equation, first isolate the logarithmic expression, then exponentiate both sides of the
equation and solve for the variable.
For Instance: If you wish to solve the equation, ln 2, you exponentiate both sides of the equation to solve it
as follows:
ln 2
Original equation
Inverse property
Or you can simply rewrite the logarithmic equation in exponential form to solve (i.e. ln 2 if and only if ).
Note: You should always check your solution in the original equation.
Example 1:
Solve each equation.
a.
4" 64
ln2 $ 3 ln 11
b.
Solution:
a.
4" 64
4
"
4
Original Equation
&
'23
1
b.
2 14
7
Example 2:
Solve 5 ' "* 20.
Solution:
5'
"*
Check:
20 Original Equation
../0
20 Simplify
5 ' 14.999 + 20
Solution checks
Example 3:
Solve the exponential equations.
2 7
a.
b.
42& 9
c.
2 10
Solutions:
Method 1:
2 7
a.
Method 2:
Original Equation
log 2 log 7
Original Equation
2 7
a.
log 7
.
Inverse Property
Method 1:
b.
42& 9
Original Equation
Method 2:
b.
42& 9
Original Equation
$ 3 log 4 9
3
$3
3'
c.
4
3
4
2 10
5
$3
3'
Inverse Property
3
4
3
4
Original Equation
Divide both sides by 2
Example 4:
Example 5:
Solve 2 log 4 5.
Solve 3 log 6.
Solution:
Solution:
2 log 4 5
log 4
45
32
Original Equation
Divide both sides by 2
Change to exponential form
Simplify
3 log 6
Original Equation
log 2
10
100
Simplify
Example 6:
using Exponentiation
Solution:
*.5
Solution:
log & 2 $ log & $ 3 1 Original Equation
log &
2&
89
3
2 3 $ 9
9
Inverse Property
Multiply both sides by $ 3
Solve for
Practice Problems
1. 32* 81
22. 32 81
2. 8 4
3. 5
24. log 4 3
4. $14 ' 3 11
5. $6 ' ln 3 0
6. log3 ' 1 2
7. ln $ ln 3 4
8. 2 ln 3 4
29. 3 500
9. 5" 4
30. 8 1000
31. ln 7.25
32. ln $0.5
33. 2 /.5 45
12. 2
$ 5 $ 3 0
14. 2 log ; 4 0
35. 121 $ 4 18
19. 2 64
20. 5 25
21. 42& *;
22. 6
2.
23. 243
&
3. 1.609
4. 2.120
5. 134.476
6. 33
7. 163.794
8. 2.463
9. -1.139
10. 18.086, -22.086
11.
24. 64
25. 50
26. 3
27. 4
28. 35
29. 5.66
30. 3.32
31. 1408.10
32. 0.61
&
33. 6.23
12. 1.099
13.
14.
&
&
34. 2.68
35. No Solution
*
4
36. 0.65
15. 4
37. 15.81
16. 3
38. 0.32
17. 6.321
39. 64
18. 96
40. 5.90
19. 6
20. 2
21. 1
41.
0
&
42. 2