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Winogradsky column

- receives adequate but not intensive light


- NO air pockets in the mud column
- Carbon sourcescalcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, cellulose powder, or shredded paper
Anaerobic bacteria at the bottom of the column- ferment cellulose or starch at the bottom to hydrogen, organic
acids and alcohol
utilize by sulfate-reducing bacteria
Anaerobic sulfide rich environment
sulfate terminal electron acceptor
formation of H2S gradient from bottom upward
bottom of the column becomes black due to formation of metal sulfides

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