Experiment 3

ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS

Group # 6
Signature

Leader:

Villaran, Roseann __________________

Members:

Tan, Marvin __________________

Tiqui, Kevin Christian __________________

Trinos, Searle Anne __________________

Uri, Charmaine L. __________________

Engr. Rosalina Corpuz

Instructor
Objectives

1. to identify the properties of acids and bases

2. to know how acids and bases react with each other subtances

Theory

• The Arrhenius Theory of acids and bases

o Acids are substances which produce hydrogen ions in solution.

o Bases are substances which produce hydroxide ions in solution.

• The Bronsted-Lowry Theory of acids and bases

o An acid is a proton (hydrogen ion) donor.

o A base is a proton (hydrogen ion) acceptor.

• The Lewis Theory of acids and bases

o An acid is an electron pair acceptor.

o A base is an electron pair donor.

Data and Results

PART I. Acids

Red/Blue Hydrion Methyl Phenol- Reaction

Acid
Litmus Paper Paper Orange phthalein with Zinc

-blue to red Transparent/

HCl 0 Light pink
-red to red Colorless

-blue to red Transparent/

H2SO4 0 Dark pink
-red to red Colorless
 -blue to red Transparent/
HNO3 0 Light pink
-red to red Colorless

-blue to red Transparent/

HC2H3O2 2 Dark pink
-red to red Colorless

-blue to red Transparent/

H2C2O4 0 Dark pink
-red to red Colorless

PART II. Bases

Red/Blue Hydrion Methyl Reaction with

Base
Litmus Paper Paper Orange Zinc

-blue to blue
NaOH 14 Clear yellow
-red to blue

-blue to blue
KOH 14 Yellow orange
-red to blue

-blue to blue Dark yellow

NH4OH 11
-red to blue orange

-blue to blue
Ca(OH)2 8 Yellow orange
-red to blue

-blue to blue Cloudy yellow

Ba(OH)2 14
-red to blue orange

PART III. Salts

1. Pb(NO3)2 + HCl

Observations:

The resulted solution shows that some particles settle

down at the bottom of the test tube.

 Chemical Reaction:

Pb(NO3)2 + 2 HCl 2 HNO3 + PbCl2

2. K2CrO4 + BaCl2

Observations:

The solution become a milky-like solution after these two

different solutions were mixed.

Chemical Reaction:

K2CrO4 + 2 BaCl2 BaCrO4 + 2 KCl

3a. NaCl + AgNO3

Observations:

Some chalk-like particles settle down at the bottom of

the test tube, while its liquid part became cloudy.

Chemical Reaction:

NaCl + AgNo3 NaNO3 + AgCl

AgCl precipitates

3b. NaCl + AgNO3 + NH4OH

Observations:

In this reaction, a greater part of the chalk-like

substance are contained in the resulted solution.

Chemical Reaction:

NaNO3 + NH4OH NH4NO3 + NaOH

 NH4NO3 precipitates

3c. NaCl + AgNO3 + NH4OH + HNO3

Observations:

The chalk-like subtance became stagnant at the bottom

of the test tube.

Chemical Reaction:

NaOH + HNO3 NaNO3 + H2O

Discussion of Results

The table in Part I shows us the reaction of the given acids to

the given medium to identify the property it contains.

Table in Part II, like in the table of part I, lets us be able to

identify the property bases have.

Part III, on the other hand, enables us to identify what would

happen if different salt solutions are mixed. It also shows us the

chemical reaction that happens throughout the solution.

Questions:

1. Explain why some of the acids reacted faster with

zinc moss than the rest.

2. Do salts form neutral solutions with water? Why or why not?

No. Salts of weak acids will pull H off of water and leave

a basic solution. Salts of weak bases will either accept

hydroxide ions from or donate protons to water making acidic

solutions.

3. summarize in outline form the ways of classifying

acid, bases, and salts.

I. Acids

1. It turns litmus paper from blue to red.

2. Through the use of hydrion paper, it helps determine the

solution’s pH level. Solutions with a pH level of 0 - 6.9 are considered as

acids.

3. The solution turns to pink when mixed with methyl orange.

4. There is no change in color when the solution is mixed with

phenolphthalein.

II. Bases

1. It turns litmus paper from red to blue.

2. Solutions with a pH level of 7.1 - 14 are consudered as bases.

3. The solution turns to yellow or orange when mixed with

methyl orange.

III. Salts
Conclusion

Through the said experiment, we will now be able to identify

the distinctive properties/ characteristics of acid and bases. Acid

have the property that turns blue litmus paper to red and has the pH

level of 0 – 6.9. While bases have the property that turns red litmus

paper to blue and has the pH level of 7.1 – 14.

Reference:

• http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090816090759AAzuaKy
 Accessed: February 26, 2010