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AIRBUS INDUSTRIE
Flight Operations Support
Getting to Grips with

Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction
%RXQFH5HFRYHU\5HMHFWHG/DQGLQJ
Introduction
A rejected landing (also referred to as an aborted
landing) is defined as a go-around maneuver
initiated after touchdown of the main landing gear or
after bouncing.
Loss of control following a go-around initiated

after thrust reverser selection (because of a
vehicle obstructing the runway) and failure of
one reverser to stow.
Touch-and-go ( training only )

Although a rare occurrence, a rejected landing is a
challenging maneuver decided and conducted in an
unanticipated and unprepared manner.
The objective of this Briefing Note is to define:
Although a touch-an-go is essentially a training

exercise, the conditions required for the safe
conduct of this maneuver provide a valuable
introduction to the discussion of rejected landings.
Preconditions:
Applicable decision criteria for:
Full-stop landing; or,
Rejected landing and go-around; and,
Procedures and techniques

recovery, including:
for
Continued landing; or,
Rejected landing (i.e., go-around).
Four preconditions (usually referred to as the

4-No rule) must be observed prior to initiating
a touch-and-go:
bounce
No ground spoilers:
ground spoilers must not be armed or
manually selected after touchdown;
No autobrake:
Statistical data
No global statistical data are available on rejected

landing incidents or accidents but the following three
events illustrate the circumstances that may lead a
flight crew to reject the landing, and the possible
consequences of such a maneuver:
autobrake must not be armed;
No reverse:
thrust reversers must not be selected upon
touchdown; and,
No pedal braking:
Tail strike following a go-around initiated due to

directional control difficulties after thrust
reverser selection;
pedal braking must not be used after

touchdown.
Climb performance limitation following the

undue selection of reverse thrust during a
touch-and-go and failure of one reverser to
stow; and,
Performing a rejected landing in revenue service

(i.e., with ground spoilers and autobrake armed,
being ready to select reverse thrust upon
touchdown) creates an added challenge.

Page 1
AIRBUS INDUSTRIE

Aircraft reconfiguration:
Bouncing and bounce recovery
After touchdown for a planned touch-and-go,

the aircraft must be reconfigured to a takeoff
configuration:
Bouncing at landing usually is the result of one or

a combination of the following factors:
Loss of visual references;
Excessive sink rate;
Pitch trim reset within the takeoff trim setting

range;
Late flare initiation;
Incorrect flare technique;
Rudder trim reset (as applicable); and,
Excessive airspeed; and/or,
Throttle/thrust levers standup, as required (for

symmetrical engine acceleration).
Power-on touchdown (preventing the automatic

extension of ground spoilers, as applicable).
Flaps reset to a takeoff configuration;
The bounce recovery technique depends

the height reached during the bounce.
on
Task sharing:
Recovery from a light bounce (5 ft or less):
Performing a planned touch-and-go is a dynamic

and demanding maneuver in terms of task sharing:
The PF (trainee) is responsible for:
In case of a light bounced, the following typical

recovery technique can be applied:
Tracking the runway centerline;
Maintain or regain a normal landing pitch

attitude (do not increase pitch attitude as this
could cause a tailstrike);
The PNF (instructor) is responsible for:
Continue the landing;
Reconfiguring the aircraft for takeoff;
Use power as required to soften the second

touchdown; and,
Be aware of the increased landing distance.
Advancing the throttle levers slightly above

idle.
Resetting systems, as required;

Monitoring engine parameters and flight
modes annunciations;
Recovery from a high bounce (more than 5 ft):

Performing the takeoff callouts;
In case of a more severe bounce, do not attempt to

land, as the remaining runway length might not be
sufficient to stop the aircraft.
Deciding to abort the takeoff, if required; and,

Ensuring back-up of PF during rotation and
initial climb.
The following generic go-around technique can be

applied:
Performing a rejected landing (i.e., a nonanticipated and non-prepared event) further

amplifies the importance for the PF and PNF to
strictly adhere to the defined task sharing and to
concentrate on their respective tasks.
Maintain or regain a normal landing pitch

attitude;
Initiate a go-around by triggering go-around

levers/switches and advancing throttle levers to
the go-around thrust position;

Page 2
AIRBUS INDUSTRIE

Commitment for Go-around
Maintain the landing flaps configuration or set

the required flaps configuration, as set forth in
the applicable FCOM;
Be ready for a possible second touchdown;
Be alert to apply forward force on control

column (side stick) and reset the pitch trim nose
down as engines spool up (conventional aircraft
models only);
When safely established in the go-around and

no risk of further touchdown exists (i.e., with a
steady positive rate of climb), follow normal goaround procedures; and,
Reengage automation, as desired, to reduce

workload.
If a rejected landing is initiated, the flight crew must

be committed to proceed with the go-around
maneuver and not retard the throttle levers in an
ultimate decision to complete the landing.
Reversing a go-around decision usually is observed
when the decision to reject the landing and to initiate
a go-around is taken by the first officer (as PF) but
is overridden by the captain.
Runway overruns, impact with obstructions and
major aircraft damage (or post impact fire) often are
the consequences of reversing an already initiated
rejected landing.
Summary of Key Points

The SOPs should define the respective decision
criteria for:
Commitment for Full-Stop Landing

Landing
incidents
and
accidents
clearly
demonstrate that after the thrust reversers have
been deployed (even at reverse idle), the landing
must be completed to a full stop, as a successful
go-around may not be possible.
Full-stop landing; or,
Rejected landing and go-around.
Procedures and techniques should be published for

bounce recovery, including:
The following occurrences have resulted in

a significantly reduced rate of climb or in departure
from controlled flight:
Thrust asymmetry resulting from asymmetrical

engine spool up (i.e., asymmetrical engine
acceleration characteristics from a ground idle
level);
Continued landing; or,
Rejected landing (i.e., go-around).
Associated Briefing Notes

The following Briefing Notes can be reviewed in
association with the above information:
Thrust asymmetry resulting from one thrust

reverser going to the stow position faster than
the other one; and,
Severe thrust asymmetry resulting from one

thrust reverser failing to re-stow.

2YHUUXQV

Page 3
AIRBUS INDUSTRIE

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